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November 2008 [email protected] 2
SSISmall Scale Integration
Up to 12 equivalent gate circuits on a single chip
Includes basic gates and flip-flops
November 2008 [email protected] 3
MSIMedium Scale Integration
13-99 equivalent gates on a single chipIncludes logic functions such as encoders,
decoders, counters, registers, multiplexers, arithmetic circuits, small memories and others
November 2008 [email protected] 4
LSILarge Scale Integration
100-9,999 equivalent gates on a single chipIncludes memories
November 2008 [email protected] 5
VLSIVery Large Scale Integration
10,000-99,999 equivalent gates on a single chip
Includes small processors (6802)
November 2008 [email protected] 6
ULSIUltra Large Scale Integration
100,000 or more equivalent gates on a single chip
Includes larger memories, and larger single chip microcontrollers and computers
November 2008 [email protected] 7
Microcontrollers – big businessA chip manufacturer will typically sell ten
times the number of microcontrollers to single microprocessors
Industry needs experienced people
November 2008 [email protected] 8
Commercial applicationsChrysler transmission and engine control
modulesFord digital instrument clustersCanon automatic camerasAT&T mobile cellular phonesStairMaster’s physical exercise machineRemote TV controllersTransmitters for radio controlled models
November 2008 [email protected] 9
Motorola 68HC11 MicrocontrollerDeveloped in 1985 and upwardly compatible
with 6800 type processorsContains built-in memory and interface
circuits for embedded control applicationsSeveral versions are available e.g.
MC68HC11A8, 8K ROM, 512 EEPROM, 256 RAM
MC68HC11F1, 64K Ext. Addr. Bus, 512 EEPROM
November 2008 [email protected] 10
The MC68HC11A8
November 2008 [email protected] 11
Peripheral functions include…8-channel A/D converter with 8 bits
resolutionAsynchronous Serial Communications
Interface (SCI)16-bit free-running timer systemSelf-monitoring circuitry to protect
against system errors2 software controlled power saving modes
Review
Number SystemsDecimal
Binary
Hex
Machine CodeOP codes OperandsArithmetic/Logical InstructionsBranch instructionAddressing Modes
AssemblyLanguageAssembler
Object Code
Simulators
CPU InternalsRegistersALUControl UnitBuses
I/OMemory mappedInterruptsBlock I/O
ICs and Gates etcWhat are the connections to a CPU?What are the connections to a memory chip?What is a decoder for?What is a truth table?De Morgan’s Theorem
ExamsFill out your name and student numberRead the question.Read it againLeave margins blankExplain if you have split a question
throughout the booklet.Put the number of each question answered
on the front