November 30, 2009November 30, 2009

METHUEN, Mass. (AP) — A Massachusetts woman who recently separated from her husband and had her hours cut at work says an image of Jesus Christ she sees on her iron has reassured her that “life is going to be good.” Mary Jo Coady first noticed the image Sunday when she walked into her daughter’s room. She and her two college-age daughters agree that the image looks like Jesus and is proof that “he’s listening.” Coady says she hopes her story will inspire others during the holidays. She says she plans to keep the iron in a closet and buy a new one.

Ch. 16 (wastes)

Woman sees image of Jesus on her iron

Wastes (Ch. 16)Wastes (Ch. 16)

Primary goal of waste site location?Depends on geology and hydrology

Types of wastes to manage?3 broad categories of wastes

http://www.bluepeacemaldives.org/blog/2008/02http://www.art.com/products/p13172230-sa-i2268325/charles-bowman-waste-disposal-depot-england-united-kingdom.htm

Biggest generators?250 million tons/yr of MSW

Worldwide comparisons

http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/muncpl/facts.htmhttp://www.grida.no/publications/vg/waste/page/2854.aspx

Managing Solid WasteManaging Solid Waste

http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/muncpl/mswdata.htm#item9

Problem is where to put wastes!Used to put ~50-60% into landfills

• NIMBY, NIMFYE

http://journeytoforever.org/compost.htmlhttp://www.epa.state.il.us/land/open-dumps/index.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_4565744_garbage-disposals.htmlhttp://www.co.saint-marys.md.us/dpw/recycle/illegaldumping.asp

Solid Waste Disposal 1. On-site disposal (small scale)

Garbage disposals

2. Open dumpingDumping wastes wherever land available

3. Composting

4. IncinerationPro: 75-90% reduction in volume

• Fringe: heat utilization

Con: toxic ash, gas, CO2

• Volatilization of mercury, lead

http://www.window.state.tx.us/specialrpt/energy/renewable/municipal.phphttp://wapi.isu.edu/envgeo/EG9_wstmgt/EGmod9_wastemgt_index.html

Solid Waste Disposal

Incinerator in Sweden

http://www.epa.gov/owow/oceans/regulatory/dumpdredged/dredgemgmt.html

Solid Waste Disposal

5. Ocean dumpingSewage wastes, solids,

radioactive wastes, toxins, etc.• Ocean Dumping Policies

– Ocean Dumping Act, 1972– Amendment, 1988

• Problems?– Increased BOD– Eutrophication

Dredged materials permitted

http://earthsci.org/education/teacher/basicgeol/solid_waste/solid_waste.htmlhttp://wapi.isu.edu/envgeo/EG9_wstmgt/EGmod9_wastemgt_index.htmlhttp://wapi.isu.edu/envgeo/EG9_wstmgt/EGmod9_wastemgt_index.html

Solid Waste Disposal 6. Sanitary landfill

Potential hazards• pollution from leachates

– Nitrates, chlorates, sulfates; toxic metals

• Plants accumulate toxins• Noxious gas

Landfill Potential: Landfill Gas Energy Projects (and Candidates)

http://www.epa.gov/outreach/lmop/overview.htm#methane

http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/index.htm

Why decreased landfills? Materials management

Incentives for ‘green buildings’New technology incentives

• Waste exchange programs– Fresh Kills, NY

RecyclingReduce, recycle, reuse (3 R’s)Yard materials banned from

landfills

http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/muncpl/mswdata.htm#item9http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/muncpl/mswdata.htm#item9

http://www.jgpress.com/archives/_free/000848.html

NationalRecycling

Stats

Recycling rates of selected products, 2008