BAHARCHIEVA KHAYALA305A

CARVING

Carving is the act of using tools to

shape something from a material by

scraping away portions of that material.

The technique can be applied to any

material that is solid enough to hold a

form even when pieces have been

removed from it, and yet soft enough for

portions to be scraped away with

available tools. Carving, as a means for

making sculpture, is distinct from

methods using soft and malleable

materials like clay or melted glass,

which may be shaped into the desired

forms while soft and then harden into

that form. Carving tends to require much

more work than methods using

malleable materials

Bone carving is the act of creating art forms by carving

into animal bones and often includes the carving

of antlers and horns. It can result in the ornamentation of a

bone, or the creation of a figure. It has been practiced by a

variety of world cultures, sometimes as a cheaper, and

recently a legal, substitute for ivory carving. It was important

in prehistoric art, with notable figures like the Swimming

Reindeer (antler), and many of the Venus figurines.

The Anglo-Saxon Franks casket is a bone casket imitating

earlier ivory ones.

Bone was also used by artists and craftsmen to try out their

designs, especially by metalworkers. Such pieces are

known as "trial-pieces".

BONE CARVING

Chip Carving

Chip carving or chip-carving, kerbschnitt in German, is a style of

carving in which knives or chisels are used to remove small chips of

the material from a flat surface in a single piece. The style became

important in Migration Period metalwork, mainly Animal

style jewellery, where the faceted surfaces created caught the light

to give a glinting appearance. This was very probably a transfer to

metalworking of a technique already used in woodcarving, but no

wooden examples have survived. Famous Anglo-Saxon examples

include the jewellery from Sutton Hoo and the Tassilo Chalice,

though the style originated in mainland Europe. In later British and

Irish metalwork, the same style was imitated using casting, which is

often called imitation chip-carving, or sometimes just chip carving

(authors are not always careful to distinguish the two), a term also sometimes applied to pottery decorated in a similar way.

Gourd Carving

Gourd art involves creating works of art using Lagenaria spp. hard-shell gourds as an art medium. Gourd surfaces may be carved, painted, sanded, burned, dyed, and polished. Typically, a harvested gourd is left to dry over a period of months before the woody surface is suitable for decorating.

Gourd decoration, including pyrography, is an ancient tradition in Africa and Asia as well as among the indigenous peoples of the Americas, notably the central highland people ofPeru, the Navajo, Hopi and Pueblo nations of the American Southwest, and the Nuxálk and Haida nations of British Columbia. Gourd crafting and painting has evolved from early hand carvings to the modern day use, by some, of electric wood burners and high-speed pen-shaped rotary tools that can be used to inscribe almost any design.

A wide variety of gourd shapes and sizes yields an array of art pieces, including: ornaments, bowls, sculpture, vases, and wall art such as masks. Artistic styles can range from craft to fine art. Perhaps the most prolific and successful gourd artist in the United States is Robert Rivera of New Mexico.

Gourd Carving

Ice sculpture

is a form of sculpture that uses ice as the raw material.

Sculptures from ice can be abstract or realistic and can

be functional or purely decorative. Ice sculptures are

generally associated with special or extravagant events

because of their limited lifetime.

The lifetime of a sculpture is determined primarily by the

temperature of its environment, thus a sculpture can last

from mere minutes to possibly months. There are

several ice festivals held around the world, hosting

competitions of ice sculpture carving.

Ice sculpture

Ivory Carving

is the carving of ivory, that is to say animal tooth or tusk, by using sharp cutting tools, either mechanically or manually.

Humans have ornamentally carved ivory since prehistoric times, though until the 19th century opening-up of the interior of Africa, it was usually a rare and expensive material used for luxury products. Very fine detail can be achieved, and as the material, unlike precious metals, has no bullion value and usually cannot easily be recycled, the survival rate for ivory pieces is much higher than for those in other materials. Ivory carving has a special importance to the medieval art of Europe and Byzantium because of this, and in particular as so littlemonumental sculpture was produced or has survived.

Ivory carving

Stone carving

is an ancient activity where pieces of rough natural stone are shaped by the controlled removal of stone. Owing to the permanence of the material, stone work has survived which was created during our prehistory.

Work carried out by paleolithic societies to create flint tools is more often referred to as knapping. Stone carving that is done to produce lettering is more often referred to as lettering. The process of removing stone from the earth is called mining or quarrying.

The term Stone carving is one of the processes which may be used by an artist when creating a sculpture. The term also refers to the activity of masons in dressing stone blocks for use in architecture, building or civil engineering. It is also a phrase used by archaeologists,historians, and anthropologists to describe the activity involved in making some types of petroglyphs.

Stone Carving