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LEVELS OF PARENT-CHILD COMMUNICATION AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONGBSN LEVEL IV OF OLIVAREZ COLLEGE SY. 2011-2012

An Undergraduate Thesis

Presented to the

Faculty of OLIVAREZ COLLEGE of Nursing

Sucat Rd, Parañaque City

In partial fulfillment

Of the Requirement for the Course

INTRODUCTION TO NURSING RESEARCH

Submitted by:

Javier, Jacquelyn A.

Galano, Aira Franchesca C.

LLoveras, Marian Gizelle Joy I.

Lomuardo, Patricia Ma. Goretti S.



CHAPTER

I. The Problem and Review of Related Literature and Studies

i. Introduction

ii. Review of Related Literature

iii. Synthesis

iv. Theoretical Framework

v. Conceptual Paradigm

vi. Statement of the Problem

vii. Hypothesis

viii. Significance of the Study

ix. Scope and Delimitation

x. Definition of Terms

II. Methodology

i. Research Design

ii. Locale of the Study

iii. Sampling Technique

iv. Instrumentation

v. Data Gathering Procedure

vi. Statistical Analysis



CHAPTER I

The Problem and Review of Related Literature and Studies

INTRODUCTION

Communication is the sending of information from one person to another. Communication can be

verbal, or it can be non-verbal. Communication can be positive or negative, effective or ineffective. It is very

important for parents to be able to communicate openly and effectively with their children. Open, effective

communication benefits not only the children, but every member of the family. Relationships between

parents and their children are greatly improved when there is effective communication taking place. In

general, if communication between parents and their children is good, then their relationships are good as

well.

Children learn how to communicate by watching their parents. If parents communicate openly andeffectively, chances are that their children will, too. Good communication skills will benefit children for

their entire lives. Children begin to form ideas and beliefs about themselves based on how their parentscommunicate with them. When parents communicate effectively with their children, they are showing them

respect. Children then begin to feel that they are heard and understood by their parents, which is a boost to

self-esteem. On the other hand, communication between parents and children that is ineffective or negativecan lead children to believe that they are unimportant, unheard, or misunderstood. Such children may also

come to see their parents as unhelpful and untrustworthy. (Kristin Zolten, 2006)

There are several types of communication conflicts that exist in parent-child relationships. (Ross W.

Greene, Ph.D., 2005) author of the parenting book "The Explosive Child," describes these maladaptivecommunication patterns. When parents and children engage in "speculation" they draw false conclusions

about one another's thoughts and intentions. "Overgeneralization" occurs when exaggerated conclusions are

formed. Parents or children may dwell on worst-case scenarios when engaging in "catastrophizing." Parents

should also avoid other types of ineffective communication, which include lecturing, criticizing, sarcasm,dishonesty, giving threats, and ignoring or minimizing the child's feelings.

This study however, will be focusing on the level of parent-child communication and, how it affects

the academic performance of their children. This study will discuss the different types of communication.

More once, aims to seek ways on how to improve the parent’s relationship with their children, vise-versa,

through survey of selected Level IV Nursing students in order to further explore the different factors in the

family that could affect the children’s performance. Several studies of related literature: The Impact of

Poverty on Children's Academic Achievement (Pearson Heath, 2009 edition, p. 192-194); The Effect Of

Socio-Economic Status (Jennifer Barry, 2005); Jeynes, W. H. (2005). Effects of parental involvement and

family structure have also been considered in order to reinforce the study.

In general, this study will identify of what is the level of parent-child communication and Academic

Performance among BSN Level IV new curriculum (CMO #14) of Olivarez College.



BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Over the years, the investigators of the factors that influence academic performance of the students

have attracted the interest and concern of teachers, counselors, psychologist, researchers and school

administrators. The declining educational status and breeding of graduates with technical know-how have led

many researchers to study the different factors that affect a student’s performance at school. Indeed there aremany factors that could influence the academic performance of the students; among these factors include the

student’s internal state such as intelligence and state of health and the environmental factors such as the

facilities, availability of resources, societal influences and family or parental influences. Among these

factors, the home environment and the level of parent-child relationship indicate a great importance on

student’s academic performance.

Many researchers have conducted as to how much communication affect students performance at

school. In college, the new experience and pressures of this phase of family life can challenge the

relationship between the parent and the child. It is important to recognize the role of the parents in their

children’s education especially in college where 70% of the students spend their waking hours in school withtheir friends and teachers (Michigan Dept. of Education, 2011). Research show that family support is an

essential factor in their children’s academic performance. Educational failing is associated with lack of

parental involvement and parental interest in their children’s schooling. Family participation in education

was twice as predictive of student’s academic success as family socioeconomic status. Some of more

intensive programs had affects that were ten times greater than academic outcomes. Conversely, relationships

that are less positive and warm have been linked to less desirable outcomes.

The academic performance of one student includes study habits, grades class participation in

discussion, activity of level of understanding. Good grades and performance will identify that one student

excel and seriously studying while some student who are not studying maybe due to peer pressure, financial problem support, influence of this world and trend are some of the reasons why they failed.

This study sought to know why some student maintain their good grades but socioeconomic status is

poor while some student has poor grade but economic status is good and vice versa. This study will identify

what is the relationship of parent-child communication and academic performance of BSN Level IV in

Olivarez College why some student pass while others failed but in different socioeconomic support.



REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Current changes in the American nuclear family, the impact of changes in family structure on children,

and a rationale for day care services are delineated in this literature review. The family modifications

examined are:

divorce

remarriage

single parenting

father absence

teenage parenting

extended families

Particular attention is given, respectively, to children's problems in the transition from an intact to a

remarried family, and to the impact of father absence on children's social, intellectual, and emotional

behavior. The history of day care provision in the United States is outlined, and different types of provisionare described. It is concluded from the review of literature that the traditional American family has changed

due to a rising divorce rate, lowered birth rate, increased numbers of women in the work force, altered male

and female roles, mobility in society, and other changes in economic and value orientations. Because of

changing family structures, child rearing patterns have also altered. Since traditional sources of support for

families with children are not readily available, new or additional support systems for families must be

found. Traditional family support systems may also need to be reviewed. (Kendall, Earline D., ED)

According to Sorensen effective communication skills are paramount to being a good parent. These

skills become even more important as your child matures. When a child is still very young, communication

will basically revolve around her physical needs. As a parent, you will be there to interpret those needs andfulfill them. However, as a child grows older, the communication patterns will shift, and you will be

expected to really listen and respond to needs that will demand more of your attention (Barbara Sorensen,

2010).

In a study conducted by Cheryl Starr in 2008, the type of family communication structure dictates the

quality of communication time. She identified the different types of family communication. Within the

parent-child communication process there are two main types of family communication structures. The

socio-oriented communication structure and the concept-oriented communication structure both offer

positive communication skills to the children being reared within those families. However, each of those

communication structures vary greatly. These two general dimensions produce four main types of familycommunication patterns. These patterns help guide children with situations they face in the world outside of

the family context.

In a socio-oriented family communication structure, children are directed to obey elders and seek a

harmonious relationship with others. This form of communication structure raises children in an environment

where they are taught to avoid controversy. Children in the socio-oriented communication structure do not

participate in the decision-making processes of the home. The children are taught not to argue with adults

and to give in on topics instead of risking offending others.



Children from the concept-oriented communication family structure were taught that the problem itself

is the focus when dealing with a conflict instead of the people who create it. They are taught to weigh all of

the alternatives before making a decision and then they may argue the problem and use evidence when they

believe they are correct. The children are also taught not to be afraid of arguing or antagonizing others.

It is important to recognize the role of the parents in their children’s education especially in collegewhere 70% of the students spend their waking hours in school with their friends and teachers (Michigan

Dept. of Education, 2011). Research show that family support is an essential factor in their children’s

academic performance. Educational failing is associated with lack of parental involvement and parental

interest in their children’s schooling. Family participation in education was twice as predictive of student’s

academic success as family socioeconomic status. Some of more intensive programs had affects that were ten

times greater than academic outcomes. Conversely, relationships that are less positive and warm have been

linked to less desirable outcomes.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY

The type of communication was adapted from the study of Cheryl Starr in 2008. The type of family

communication structure dictates the quality of communication time. Within the parent-child communication

process there are two main types of family communication structures. The socio-oriented communication

structure and the concept-oriented communication structure both offer positive communication skills to the

children being reared within those families. However, each of those communication structures vary greatly.

These two general dimensions procedure four main types of communication patterns. These patterns help

guide children with situations they face in the world outside of the family context.



CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

a) Type Of

Family

b) Family

Economic

Status

Self - madeSurveyQuestionnaire

To determine the

level of parent-child

communication

and academic

performance

among BSN Level

IV of Olivarez

College

1.Family

Communication

a. Socio Economic

Communication

b. Concept Oriented

Communication

Level of Parent-ChildCommunication andAcademicPerformance

FEEDBACK



STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study will determine the Level of Parent-Child Communication and Academic performance

among BSN Level IV of Olivarez College.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions;

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

2.1 Type Of Family

2.2 Family Economic Status

2. How Parent-Child Communication is demonstrated by the respondents in terms of:

2.1 Socio Economic Communication

2.2 Concept Oriented Communication

3. What is the Academic Performance of the respondents in NCM 103-104 (new curriculum)?

4. Is there a significant relationship between Profile and Parent-Child Communication?

5. Is there a significant relationship between Parent-Child Communication and the Academic

Performance in NCM 103-104 (new curriculum)?

6. What could be an input for a propose student Development Program?

HYPOTHESIS

In pursuit of the research problems and to realize the objective of this study, the following hypothesis

were raised and tested;

NULL 1

There is no significant relationship between Profile and Parent-Child Communication.

NULL 2

There is no significant relationship between Parent-Child Communication and Academic

Performance.



SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study discusses the Level of Parent-Child Communication and Academic performance among

BSN Level IV of Olivarez College.

The result of the study will benefit the following:

The Teenagers/Students: to increase awareness on the different factors affecting their Academic

Performance and to be to improve their relationship with their Parents.

The Parents: to provide information on to what extent they should get involved with their children’s studies

in order to help them improve their performance in school. This will also increase their awareness on how

home environment could possibly influence their children’s education.

The Nursing Students: to gather new information that will further reinforce their knowledge on providing

health education to their patients with the problem alike and to further enhance their skills on handling their

studies based on the type of parental relationship they have.

The Clinical Instructors: to reinforce their teaching strategies in consideration of their student’s

relationship with their parents and to be able to maximize approach to their students based on the factors

aforementioned.

The School Administrations: to be able to include the parent-child relationship as one of the factors that

influences the quality of education and to render better programs considering this factor in order to improve

the standard of teaching and approach to their students.

The School Counselors: to help them conduct the most suitable psychological programs, training and

guidelines that will assist the college student’s academic performance.



SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This research will only focus on the Level of Parent-Child Communication and Academic

performance among BSN Level IV of Olivarez College. The Academic Performance of the respondents is

measured through their average grade in NCM 103-104 from 1st

Semester of SY. 2011-2012.

Respondents are composed of Level IV Nursing students with a total population of 40 and who are

currently enrolled at the Olivarez College Sucat, Parañaque; therefore results are specific only to these

student’s or to those with similar demographics. However, only 30 was chosen to participate in the said

study, through these respondents are picked through purposive technique. The participants of the study are

only limited to the NCM 103-104 new curriculum.

Through a post-test survey, the study employed a two part self-made questionnaire as the data

gathering instrument. The research design used is a Qualitative-Descriptive-Correlational.

DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

Academic Performance - Measure through grades of respondents in NCM 103 & 104

Child - Biologically, a human between the stages of birth and puberty. The legal definition of “child”generally refers to a minor, otherwise known as a person younger than the age of majority.

Communication - Activity of conveying information. Communication has been derived from the Latin word

“communis” meaning to share. Communication requires a sender, a message and an intendent recipient,although the receiver need not be present or aware of the sender’s intent to communicate at the time of

communication; thus communication can across vast distance in time and space. Communication requires

that the communicating parties share an area of communicative commonality.

Socio-Oriented Communication - In a socio-oriented family communication structure, children are directed

to obey elders and seek a harmonious relationship with others. This form of communication structure raiseschildren in an environment where they are taught to avoid controversy. Children in the socio-oriented

communication structure do not participate in the decision-making processes of the home. The children aretaught not to argue with adults and to give in on topics instead of risking offending others.



Concept-Oriented Communication - Children from the concept-oriented communication family structure

were taught that the problem itself is the focus when dealing with a conflict instead of the people who create

it. They are taught to weigh all of the alternatives before making a decision and then they may argue the

problem and use evidence when they believe they are correct. The children are also taught not to be afraid of

arguing or antagonizing others.

Level IV Nursing Students - nursing students who are in their 4rth academic year who are currently taking

up NCM 103-104; refers to the population of this study.

Parent - is a caretaker of the offspring in their own species. In humans, a parent is a child (where “child”

refers to offspring, not necessarily age). Children can have one or more parents, but they must have two

biological parents. Biological parents consist of the male who sired the child and the female who gave birth

to the child. In all human societies, the biological mother and mother are both responsible for raising their

young. However some parents may not be biologically related to their children. An adoptive parent is one

who nurtures and raises the offspring of the biological parent s but is not actually biologically related to the

child. Children without adoptive parents can be raised by their grandparents or other family members.



CHAPTER II

METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study is a type of Qualitative Descriptive Correlational Design. Since this study aims to relate

the level of parent-child communication to the academic performance of their children, the type of research

design is the most appropriate design of choice since it provides descriptive information about the population

and subjects of the study. Because this design is ideal for exploratory and correlation studies, the researchers

adapted this method in order to serve as guide or blueprint on to what is deemed appropriate to the objectives

of this research.

LOCALE OF THE STUDY

This study was conducted in Olivarez College - Sucat Parañaque. This place was chosen as the locale

of the study because the researchers are also studying in Olivarez College which makes it more convenientfor them. This venue was also chosen because of familiarity of the researchers to the place which allows

them to maximize the available resources and coordinate with the people involved in the research and to gain

easy access in carrying out the survey.

PARTICIPANTS

The participants of this study are compromised of Level IV Nursing students currently enrolled in the

Olivarez College SY: 2011-2012 of 1st

semester. The students belong in the new curriculum (CMO#14). The

total number of participants used in the study is 30 block sections.



OLIVAREZ COLLEGE-SUCAT PARAÑAQUE

College of Nursing

QUESTIONNAIRE

Direction: kindly put a check on a box for your answer.

Part I

Types of family you are living with:

Nuclear Family - consists of only father, mother, child/children living in one roof.

Extended Family - a family that includes in one household near relatives in addition to a nuclear family

(eg. grandparents)

Single Parent -

Compound Type- two Single Parent type of families together. There goes what we call step-father/mother

and step-sisters/brothers.

Socio-economic status of your family a month:

10-15k

15-20k

20-25k

25-30k above

Part II

SOCIO-ECONOMC STATUS1 2 3 4 5



OLIVAREZ COLLEGE-SUCAT PARAÑAQUE

College of Nursing

Dear Nursing Students:

Greetings!

Our group would like to seek your cooperation in accomplishing the survey questionnaire of the study

entitled “LEVEL OF PARENT-CHILD COMMUNICATION AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCEAMONG BSN LEVEL IV OF OLIVAREZ COLLEGE SY. 2011-2012”

Please answer all questions honestly without leaving any items unanswered. Rest assured that your

responses will be treated with utmost confidentiality.

Thank you for your cooperation

The researchers,

GROUP 4 BSN-4



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