NRC Herzberg Astronomy & Astrophysics SKA Pre-Construction Update

Séverin Gaudet, Canadian Astronomy Data Centre David Loop, Director Astronomy Technology June 2016 update

SKA Pre-Construction – NRC Involvement

• CSP, Central Signal Processing •  Consortium led by NRC, with MacDonald Detwiler & Associates (MDA) •  Participation from CSIRO, Manchester, Swinburne, many others •  SKA-Mid.CBF correlator/beamformer – Brent Carlson / Michael Rupen

• DSH, Dish Array •  Consortium led by CSIRO, with SA, China, NRC, Sweden, Italy, Germany, UK •  Single Pixel Feed cryogenic LNAs – Frank Jiang •  Single Pixel Feed digitizers – Kris Caputa

• PAF, Phased Array Feeds •  Advanced Instrument Program (AIP) after re-baselining •  Band 2 room temp PAF – Bruce Veidt •  Band 4 cryogenic PAF – Lisa Locke

• SDP, Science Data Processor •  Consortium led by U Cambridge, with Astron, ICRAR, SKA-SA, NRC-CADC •  Science data product delivery – Séverin Gaudet •  Pipelines – Tony Willis

SKA – Mid.CBF Correlator / Beamformer

SKA1-Mid correlator / beamformer block diagram

Document No.: Revision: Date:

SKA-TEL-SKO-0000308 01 2015-11-04

UNRESTRICTED Author: PETER DEWDNEY et al.

Page 31 of 58

Table 2 shows the degree of mode concurrency allowed by the design. Figure 14 is a basic flow diagram of the system.

Table 2: States and modes for the CBF and Pulsar Processing

Sub-array Observing Mode Concurrency*

Spectral Line Imaging x

Continuum Imaging x

Zoom x

Pulsar Search (PSS) x x

Pulsar Timing (PST) x x

VLBI x

Transient Search x x x

* Any or all Observing Modes marked with x in the same column can be executed concurrently in the same sub-array.

Figure 14: Correlator-beamformer block diagram for SKA1-mid.

10.3.2.1 Switch and Resampling

The front end of the Correlator beamformer receives data from 133 SKA1 and 64 MeerKAT antenna over optical interfaces supporting up to 100 Gbits per second per antenna. These signals are grouped into 1 to 16 sub-arrays via a switch. This facilitates a granularity of sub-arrays membership down to an individual

133

SKA1-Dishes(1 Beam)

Switch

Buffer*

Buffer Freeze(Transient Capture)

Coarse Imaging

Channeliser

CornerTurn

& Cross Connect

Correlator&

VLBI Beamformer

Integratedu-v SDP

TimingLocal Timing & Clock Distribution

CBF Monitor and Control MasterLocal Monitor and Control

VLBIBeams

SDP Facility

Pulsar Search &

Pulsar Timing

Beamformer

PulsarSearch Beams

PulsarTiming Beams

PulsarSearchEngine

PulsarTimingEngine

Captured Transient

Data*SDP

64

MeerKAT-Dishes

(1 Beam)

re-sampling

Rx

WBDelay

Tracker

Rx

X Blades

BF Blades

F Blades

* ECP for FRB Transient Capture accepted but not finalised

PST Channeliser

PSSChanneliser

FringePhase/

Fine Delay

FineChanneliser

Auto Corrolation+RFI Flagging

SKA Pre-Construction – NRC Involvement

• CSP, Central Signal Processing •  Consortium led by NRC, with MacDonald Detwiler & Associates (MDA) •  Participation from CSIRO, Manchester, Swinburne, many others •  SKA-Mid.CBF correlator/beamformer – Brent Carlson / Michael Rupen

• DSH, Dish Array •  Consortium led by CSIRO, with SA, China, NRC, Sweden, Italy, Germany, UK •  Single Pixel Feed cryogenic LNAs – Frank Jiang •  Single Pixel Feed digitizers – Kris Caputa

• PAF, Phased Array Feeds •  Advanced Instrument Program (AIP) after re-baselining •  Band 2 room temp PAF – Bruce Veidt •  Band 4 cryogenic PAF – Lisa Locke

• SDP, Science Data Processor •  Consortium led by U Cambridge, with Astron, ICRAR, SKA-SA, NRC-CADC •  Science data product delivery – Séverin Gaudet •  Pipelines – Tony Willis

Dish Antenna Down Select

In Nov 2016, the MTM/CETC54 panelized aluminum space-frame antenna concept was chosen over the NRC composite antenna.

Document No.: Revision: Date:

SKA-TEL-DSH-316-0000000-007 B 2015-11-02

UNRESTRICTED Author: CETC54 and MTM

Page 15 of 157

Figure 2: Telescope Design, Front View

Single Pixel Feed Digitizer / Receiver

•  Direct sampling of all bands (no heterodyne) •  Data streaming to CSP on 100G Ethernet •  Shared B123 digitizer (TI ADC12J4000) 4 GSps 12 bit resolution •  B5 digitizer (under development) 20 GSps 4-bit resolution

Single Pixel Feed Digitizer / Receiver

•  Entire RF path and ADC located on feed indexer •  Optical data links to pedestal •  FPGA board and other digital components in shielded dish pedestal

FPGACarrierBoard

Feed LNA A ADC EO

OE CSP

Feedindexer

pedestal

Opticlinks

Single Pixel Feed Cryogenic LNAs

SPF Cryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers • Band 2 with SKA South Africa/EMSS • Band 5 with Oxford/Chalmers/JLRAT • Onsala/Chalmers decided to go with their own room temp LNA for Band 1

Industry manufacturing • Nanowave Technologies

•  ALMA LNAs •  MeerKat LNAs

SKA Pre-Construction – NRC Involvement

• CSP, Central Signal Processing •  Consortium led by NRC, with MacDonald Detwiler & Associates (MDA) •  Participation from CSIRO, Manchester, Swinburne, many others •  SKA-Mid.CBF correlator/beamformer – Brent Carlson / Michael Rupen

• DSH, Dish Array •  Consortium led by CSIRO, with SA, China, NRC, Sweden, Italy, Germany, UK •  Single Pixel Feed cryogenic LNAs – Frank Jiang •  Single Pixel Feed digitizers – Kris Caputa

• PAF, Phased Array Feeds •  Advanced Instrument Program (AIP) after re-baselining •  Band 2 room temp PAF – Bruce Veidt •  Band 4 cryogenic PAF – Lisa Locke

• SDP, Science Data Processor •  Consortium led by U Cambridge, with Astron, ICRAR, SKA-SA, NRC-CADC •  Science data product delivery – Séverin Gaudet •  Pipelines – Tony Willis

Phased Array Feeds

In the Mar 2015 Re-Baselining, the SKA1-Survey telescope and the Phased Array Feeds (PAFs) were deleted.

PAF development was recommended to continue under an advanced instrumentation program (AIP), to make PAFs available for use on SKA-Mid during SKA2.

Preliminary meetings have been held between NRC, CSIRO, and Astron to discuss the formation of a PAF AIP consortium, and this will get formalized in the coming months.

NRC will continue its current developments •  L-band (SKA Band 2) room temperature Vivaldi •  C-band (SKA Band4) cryogenic Vivaldi.

NRC has future plans for cryogenic PAFs at higher frequencies.

Phased Array Feeds

The primary scientific driver for feed arrays is survey speed, for which the figure-of-merit may be expressed as:

SSFoM ∝ nbeamΩbeam BW η / Tsys2

Where nbeamΩbeam is the total sky area covered by the feed array, where BW is the effective bandwidth, η is the effective antenna efficiency, and Tsys is the system temperature.

A phased array feed is scientifically interesting if it is not too costly, and if the SSFoM is significantly higher than that of a state-of-the-art single pixel feed, eg; the SKA Baseline design V1 had this ratio at x16 for Survey Band2 PAF relative to Mid Band2 SPF.

L-band room temperature Vivaldi PAF

Tsys hot/cold load test results below would translate into Tsys~28K on-sky. EMSS SPF results were Tsys~14k on-sky

CryoPAF4 Cryogenic Vivaldi PAF

History – •  2014: DISH consortium, Band 3 •  2015: NRC project, new frequency Goals •  Phased array feed receiver •  Frequency: 2.80 – 5.18 GHz •  Tsys~19K noise temperature,

cryogenically cooled antennas and LNAs

•  96 active elements •  Dual linear polarization

CryoPAF4 Cryogenic Vivaldi PAF

SKA Pre-Construction – NRC Involvement

• CSP, Central Signal Processing •  Consortium led by NRC, with MacDonald Detwiler & Associates (MDA) •  Participation from CSIRO, Manchester, Swinburne, many others •  SKA-Mid.CBF correlator/beamformer – Brent Carlson / Michael Rupen

• DSH, Dish Array •  Consortium led by CSIRO, with SA, China, NRC, Sweden, Italy, Germany, UK •  Single Pixel Feed cryogenic LNAs – Frank Jiang •  Single Pixel Feed digitizers – Kris Caputa

• PAF, Phased Array Feeds •  Advanced Instrument Program (AIP) after re-baselining •  Band 2 room temp PAF – Bruce Veidt •  Band 4 cryogenic PAF – Lisa Locke

• SDP, Science Data Processor •  Consortium led by U Cambridge, with Astron, ICRAR, SKA-SA, NRC-CADC •  Science data product delivery – Séverin Gaudet •  Pipelines – Tony Willis

SKA – Science Data Processor (SDP)

SKA – Science Data Processor (SDP)

• Passed dPDR in May 2016 •  Delivery of data to Science

Regional Centres (SRC) only

• Prototyping •  Interfaces •  Delivery to SRCs •  Pipeline elements

• Critical design to be completed by 2018

SKA SDP – Related projects

•  Precursor regional centre functionality with precursor or other radio facility data – MeerKAT, ASKAP, MWA, VLASS, …?

•  Representation on the SKA Regional Centre Coordination Group?

AENEAS 1 INFRASUPP-03-2016

A proposal in response to H2020 INFRASUPP-3-2016-2017 (Part A)

Design and specification of a distributed, European Science Data Centre (ESDC) to support the pan-European astronomical community in achieving the scientific goals of the SKA.

List of participants

Participant No. Participant organisation name Country 1 (Coordinator) Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON) NL 2 University of Manchester (UMAN) UK 3 University of Cambridge (UCAM) UK 4 Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) IT 5 Chalmers University (Chalmers) SE 6 GEANT LTD EU 7 EGI.eu EU 8 Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy (MPIfR) DE 9 Forschungszentrum Jülich (Jülich) DE 10 SKA Organization (SKAO) UK 11 Science & Technology Facility Council (STFC) UK 12 Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas

(CSIC) ES

13 Instituto de Telecomunicações (IT) PT 14 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) FR 15 GRNET GR 16 Stichting Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM) NL 17 Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC (JIV-ERIC) EU 18 International LOFAR Telescope (ILT) EU 19 Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) SE

1 2

3

5

7

4

6

8

Advanced European Network of E-infrastructures for Astronomy with the SKA

Advanced European Network of E-infrastructures for Astronomy with the SKA

Aeneas

Advanced European Network of E-infrastructures for Astronomy with the SKA

Advanced European Network of E-infrastructures for Astronomy with the SKA

Advanced European Network of E-infrastructures for Astronomy with the SKA

Aeneas

Advanced European Network of E-infrastructures for Astronomy with the SKA

AeneasAdvanced European Network of E-infrastructures

for Astronomy with the SKA

Aeneas

Advanced European Network of E-infrastructures for Astronomy with the SKA

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This!material!by!Parties!of!the!EGI4Engage!Consortium!is!licensed!under!a!Creative!Commons!Attribution!4.0!International!License.!!The!EGI4Engage!project!is!co4funded!by!the!European!Union!(EU)!Horizon!2020!program!under!Grant!number!654142!http://go.egi.eu/eng!

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Date) 31!August!2015!Activity) WP4!Lead)Partner) INFN!Document)Status) FINAL!Document)Link) https://documents.egi.eu/document/2549!!

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Abstract)

CANFAR! is! an! integrated! cloud! infrastructure! to! support! collaborative! astronomy! (A&A)! teams,!especially! those!with! data! intensive! projects.! This! document! summarizes! the! first! 12!months! of!activity! of! the! implementation! plan! for! CANFAR! and! EGI! federated! cloud! in! support! of! data4intensive! collaborative! astronomy! research.! The! activity! described! is! expected! to! promote!interoperability!between!EGI!and!CANFAR!e4Infrastructure.!The!federation!model!proposed!in!this!document! is! based! on! the! assumption! that! the! two! clouds! will! remain! independent! and!independently!managed!but!users!and!projects!will!be!able!to!use!both!e4Infrastructures!for!data!sharing!and!computing.!The!e4Infrastructure!federation!model!follows!the!Open%Science%Commons!vision!where!researchers! from!all!disciplines!have!easy!and!open!access! to! the! innovative!digital!services,!data,!knowledge!and!expertise!they!need!for!collaborative!and!excellent!research.!

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Canadian Opportunity ‘Basket’ for SKA1

Canadian contribution share • Likely 6% of 650 Meuro > 39 Meuro • Complicated by treaty organization and membership possibilities

Current opportunity basket from NRC developments • SKA_MID correlator/beamformer ~30 Meuro • SPF LNAs for bands 1&5, 4 x 133 x 3k ~2 Meuro • SPF digitizers, 133 x 80k ~11 Meuro

~43 Meuro Other opportunities • Open tender for commercial goods, eg; high speed fiber > Ciena/Teraxion • SDP: Delivery software, pipeline software

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Questions?