NSF/EPRI Joint Solicitation Informational Webcastmydocs.epri.com/docs/PublicMeetingMaterials/1346/NSF...Independent Objective, scientifically based results address reliability, efficiency,

NSFEPRI Joint Solicitation

Informational Webcast

Jessica Shi PhD EPRI Sr Project Manager

Technical Lead for

Tech Innovation Water Program

Sean Bushart PhD EPRI Sr Program Manager

Cross-Sector Lead for EPRI Water Programs

July 24 2013

Sumanta Acharya PhD NSF Program Director

2 copy 2013 Electric Power Research Institute Inc All rights reserved

Agenda

bull Welcome

bull EPRI and NSF Objectives

bull NSFEPRI Joint Solicitation Overview

bull Power Plant Cooling System Overview

bull FAQ

bull Open Question Session

bull Adjourn at 10 am PST


Three Key Aspects of EPRI

Independent Objective scientifically based results address reliability efficiency affordability health safety and the environment

Nonprofit Chartered to serve the public benefit

Collaborative Bring together scientists engineers academic researchers industry experts

Independent

Collaborative

Nonprofit


Water Use and Availability Technology Innovation Program Overview and Objective

bull Initiated in early 2011

bull Globally distributed 3 solicitations

Feb 2011

June 2012

May 2013 (jointly with NSF)

Objective

Seek and develop ldquoout of the boxrdquo game changing early

stage and high risk cooling and water treatment ideas and

technologies with high potential for water consumption

reduction


Industry Specific Needs Strategic Water Management

Source United States Geological Survey

bull Thermal-electric power plants

withdraw 40 and consume 3 of

US fresh water

bull 90 of power plant water demand is

due to cooling systems

bull Water demand will continue in a

ldquoLow Carbon Worldrdquo

US Freshwater Consumption (1995)

US Freshwater Withdrawal (2005)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Nuclear Coal Oil Gas Simple CT

Comb Cycle

IGCC Solar thermal

Solar PV Wind Biofuel

Wate

r u

se

gal

MW

h

Hotel

Fuel processing

CT injection

Inlet air cooling

Ash handling

Scrubbing

Boiler make-up

Cooling

Source EPRI Report ldquoWater Use for Electric Power generationrdquo No 1014026 2008


Opportunities for Power Plant Water Use

Reduction

Innovation Priorities Advancing cooling technologies and applying novel water

treatment and waste heat concepts to improve efficiency and reduce water use


NSF overview slides

bull National Science Foundation (NSF)- Mission is to support fundamental research in support of scientific discovery andor translational technology

bull Major directorates at NSF (annual budget of ~$8Billion) are Engineering (~$800 million) Math amp Physical Sciences Computer amp Information Sciences Biological Sciences Geological Atmospheric and Polar Sciences Social Behavorial amp Economic Sciences Education amp Human Resources

bull In Engineering (ENG) there are 5 divisions CMMI (Civil Mechanical amp Manufacturing) CBET (Chemical Bio Env amp Transport) ECCS (Electrical amp Computer) IIP(Industry Innovation) EERC (Education and Research Centers)

bull In NSFENGCBET- there are 17 programs one of which is Thermal Transport (~$7-$10 million annually)


Thermal Transport Program at NSF

bull Science Promote the fundamental understanding and application

of thermal transport (heat and mass transfer and the associated

fluids materials and manufacturing processes) at different scales

bull Innovation New amp improved technologies for heatingcooling

devices systems and infrastructure including the relevant

materials processing and manufacturing technologies

Technologies for enhanced energypower efficiency and

generation and greater sustainability

bull ToolsMethods Spatially amp temporally resolved simulation and

diagnostics exploiting high-performance computing using highly-

resolved data for upscalingreduced order models control and

optimization for improved processes amp products

bull Outcomes Sustainable energy-efficient heatingcooling systems

and the science and tools for their design


NSF vs EPRI Research Interests

bull NSF

Gaining fundamental understandings of thermal sciences

ndash Modeling

ndash Lab scale testing

ndash Fundamental technology development

bull EPRI

Applied research

ndash Feasibility study

ndash Engineering solution development

ndash Prototype testing


NSF-EPRI Partnership

bull With the goal of reducing water usage a key approach is to replace water-cooled wet condensers with air-cooled condensers (ACC)

bull ACCrsquos are primarily comprised of finned tube HX with steam on the tube side and air on the fin side (more later)

bull Seek innovative ideas that need fundamental research (NSF-often done by universities) relevant for power plant cooling with the potential for translational technology that can be commercialized (EPRI-often done by companies)

Source httpwwwgea-energytechnologycomopencmsopencmsgasenproductsDirect_Air-Cooled_Condensershtml


NSFEPRI Joint Solicitation Objective

Seek innovative dry cooling ideas and concepts to dramatically

reduce or eliminate the water use in steam condensation

through the use of air cooled condensers with the following

optional approaches

ndash Significantly increase the air side heat transfer coefficient

ndash Reduce steam side pressure drop size and steam

condensation temperatures

ndash Develop more efficient cost effective and compact

alternative dry and dry-wet hybrid cooling solutions for

power plant steam condensation cooling systems

Note the importance of steam condensation temperature as a key

performance metric (lowering it increases power generation

efficiency) and itrsquos relationship to ambient temperatures


NSFrsquos Merit Review Criteria

bullWhat is the intellectual merit of proposed activity

ndash How important is proposed activity to advancing knowledge amp understanding within its own field or across fields

ndash To what extent does proposal suggest amp explore creative original or potentially transformative concepts

ndash What will be significant contribution of project to research amp knowledge base of field

ndash How well conceived amp organized is proposed activity

ndash Is there sufficient access to resources (equipment facilities etc)

ndash How well qualified is PI to conduct proposed activity (Co-PIs not allowed for CAREER proposals)


NSF Review Criteria

bullWhat are the broader impacts of proposed activity

ndash How well does the activity advance discovery and understanding while promoting teaching training and learning

ndash How well does the proposed activity broaden the participation of underrepresented groups (eg gender ethnicity disability geographic etc)

ndash To what extent will it enhance the infrastructure for research and education such as facilities instrumentation networks and partnerships

ndash Will the results be disseminated broadly to enhance scientific and technological understanding (including outreach)

ndash What may be the benefits of the proposed activity to society


Selection Criteria in Addition to NSFrsquos Merit

Review Criteria

bull Innovation (ldquoout of the boxrdquo game changer cutting edge)

bull Early Stage (not extensively researched before)

bull Potential Impacts

ndash Significant reduction of water (especially fresh water) consumption andor withdrawals

ndash Improved thermal efficiency

Reduced steam condensation temperature

Increased net power production gain

ndash Economic potential in terms of water and energy consumption cost and space in 10 to 20 years

ndash Other such as

Reduced size footprint fan size and power

Potential ease and broadness of adoption

Applicability of all types of steam power plants

bull Respondentrsquos capabilities and related experience

bull Realism of the proposed plan and cost estimates


Funding

bull Funding Size

ndash $6 M Collaboration ($3M commitment from EPRI and

NSF)

ndash $200 K to $700 Kyear for each project

ndash Average about $300 Kyear

ndash 5 to 10 projects

bull Funding Approach

ndash Coordinated but independent funding

NSF awards grants

EPRI contracts

ndash Joint funding for most proposals

ndash Independent funding for a few proposals if needed


Project Size Recommendations

bull Average $3000000year

bull $700000year is for extremely exciting game changing

ideas

Specify project plan and budget request

for each project with NSF and EPRI separately


Eligibility Requirements

bull Proposals must be submitted by universities or colleges

with a campus in US

bull The PI(s) must be full time faculty

bull Primary funds must be directed to the academic institution

to be in compliance with NSF policy

bull EPRI may redesign the selected projects and renegotiate

funding splits among team leads and members for EPRI

funded parts of work

bull PI and co-PI may participate in only one proposal


Additional Eligibility Info

bull Proposals may be submitted by a single organization or a group of organizations consisting of a lead organization in collaboration with one or more partner organizations

bull Only US academic institutions with significant research and degree-granting education programs in disciplines normally supported by NSF are eligible to be the lead organization

bull Principal investigators are encouraged to form synergistic collaborations with industry For interaction with industry the GOALI mechanism (Grant Opportunities for Academic Liaison with Industry) may be used

bull Alternatively subcontracts to industrial collaborators may be employed

bull Collaborations between researchers that are doing fundamental research in ACC or hybrid cooling with those that focus on applied research and have appropriate facilities for testing successful ideas are encouraged In these cases if the PIs are at different institutions submission of separately submitted collaborative proposals is required

bull See GPG Chapter IID4b for information about submission of a collaborative proposal from multiple organizations


Collaboration with industry or national labs is

strongly recommended

bullPrincipal investigators are encouraged to

form synergistic collaborations with industry

bullThere is no requirement to force

collaboration with power plants or power

plant cooling vendors if it is not needed


Proposal Review Panel

bull Experts from both academia industry national labs and

other federal agencies with expertise in cooling and power

plant cooling technologies

bull Sign off of Confidential and No-Conflict of Interest

Agreement Form


Proposal Due Time

bull Proposals are due by 5 pm proposers local time on

Monday August 19 2013

bull Early submission is encouraged to avoid last minute

traffic jam

bull NSF has zero tolerance in late proposals

bull EPRI may consider late proposals and white papers for other

potential funding


How to improve your chance of winning

Preliminary feasibility assessment data are encouraged including the following

bull Assumptions

bull System integration (if the concept includes system integration such as a waste heat utilization concept) and component level diagrams with energy balance temperature flow rate pressure drop thermal resistance dimensions and other key performance data

bull Data about effects on steam condensation temperature pressure drop power production gain (You may assume 3 degC reduction asymp 1 power production gain rather than power plant efficiency gain)

bull Data about potential benefits and cons

Do Your Homework


Agenda

bull Welcome




bull FAQ




Effect of Reducing Condensing Temperature on

Steam Turbine Rankine Cycle Efficiency

a

Potential for 5 (1st Order Estimate) more power production or $11M more annual

income ($005kWh) for a 500 MW power plant due to reduced steam condensation

temperature from 50 degC to 35 degC

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 2 4 6 8 10

Te

mp

era

ture

(degC

)

Entropy (kJkgK)

T-S Rankine Cycle Diagram for Steam

Nuclear Power

Plant

Coal-Fired Power Plant

2

3

4 1

T-S Diagram for

Pure Water


What Cooling System Options are Currently Deployed in the Industry

Water Cooling Air Cooling1 Hybrid Cooling1

Once Through Cooling1

(43 in US) 2

Air Cooled Condenser

(1Usage in US)2

Increasing demand for dry cooling

in water scarcity regions

1 EPRI Report ldquoWater Use for Electric Power generationrdquo No 1014026 2008

2 Report of Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory ldquoEstimating Freshwater Needs to

Meet Future Thermoelectric Generation Requirementsrdquo DOENETL-40020081339 2008

Cooling Pond

(14 in US)2

Cooling Tower 1(42 in US)2


bull Pros

bull Most cost effective

bull Lowest steam condensate temp

bull Cons

bull Facing tightened EPA rules to minimize once through cooling (OTC) system entrance and discharge disturbance to water eco systems

bull Forced to or increasing pressure to retrofit OTC systems to cooling tower or dry cooling systems (19 power plans already affected by CA retrofitting regulations)

Once Through Cooling ProsCons

43 Usage in US


Cooling Tower Cooling System ProsCons

bull Pros

bull Most effective cooling system due to evaporative cooling-95 less water withdrawal than once through cooling systems

bull Cons

bull Significant vapor loss and makeup water needs

bull Shut down in drought seasons

bull Twice as expensive as once through cooling systems

bull Less power production on hot days due to higher steam condensation temperatures compared to once through systems

bull Water treatment cost

42 Usage in US

Challenges Vapor Capture and Cooler Steam


Air Cooled Condenser ProsCons

1 Usage in US Pros

bull Dry system

Zero water consumption and

water supply needed

Cons

bull Up to 10 less power production

on hot days due to higher steam

condensation temperature

compared to CT and OTC

systems

bull Up to five times more expensive

than cooling tower systems

bull Noise wind effect and freezing in

cold days

Challenge Reduce ITD from 30 degC to 10 degC gtgt 6 more Power Production

Source EVAPCO BLCT Dry Cooling

Click Here for Animation


Air Cooled Condenser Dimensions and Air Flow Rate

Air Flow

1 ndash 15 M

ACFM

per Fan

Fins

Vtotal[ms] 2 ndash 3

Vfin [ms] 35 ndash 5

Heat Flux [Wm2] 350-400 Heat Flux

Vfin Vfin Vfin

Vtotal

Vfin Vfin Vfin

AIR

Evapcorsquos Steam

Condenser

Tube with Fins


Sample Data123 for Air Cooled Condensers

Ambient Air at 40degC and RH50

Parameter Air Side Steam Side

Hydraulic Diameter [mm] 19 ndash 20 44 ndash 65

Flow Rate [kgs] 540 ndash 750 5 ndash 9

Reynoldrsquos Number 4000 ndash 6000 NA

Temperature [degC] 40 60 ndash 85

Area [m2] 40000 930

HTC [Wm2K] 45 ndash 50 15000 - 18000

Pressure Drop [Pa] 75 ndash 100 125 ndash 250

Sources

1 Heyns J A ldquoPerformance Characteristics Of An Air

Cooled Steam Condenser Incorporating A Hybrid

(DryWet) Dephlegmatorrdquo Thesis 2008

2 MaulbetschJS ldquoWater Conserving Cooling Systems

‐ Air‐Cooled Condensersrdquo DOE ARPA-E Workshop

Presentation 2012

3 Evapco BLCT Dry Cooling

ACC Design Parameters

Cooling Capacity [MW] 10 ndash 22

Tube Bundles per cell 8 ndash 10

Tubes per bundle 40 ndash 57

Spacing between Tubes [mm] 57

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient [Wm2K] 35 ndash 50

Fan Static Pressure [Pa] 120 ndash 190

Fan Power per cell [kW] 125 ndash 190

Fan Diameter [m] 9 ndash 10

Cost $15 Million ACC cell

(Footprint size 12x12 m2ACC cell)

Dependent on flow rate steam condensation temperature and quality etc

A Street of ACC

with 6 FansCells


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]

Volumetric Flow Rate [m3s]

Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate

Sample ACC Fan Performance Curves1

Source 1 Howden Netherlands BV ndash 36DLF8 Fan Model

260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row

Tube ACC Blade Tip Angles

Fan Model 36 DLF 8 (8 blades)

Type Axial Vertical Shaft

Forced Draught

Fan Diameter 1097 m [36ft]

Air Inlet Temperature 20degC

Relative Humidity 60

Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance


Air Cooled Condensers at Eskomrsquos Matimba

Power Station (6 x 665 MWe) in South Africa bull Direct dry-cooled 6x 685 MW ndash The largest operating one in the world

bull Contract awarded 1982


Top View of Air Cooled Condensers

at Matimba Power Station

Steam

Pipes


Air Cooled Condensers at Matimba Power Station

Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets


Air Cooled Condenser Fans at Matimba Power

Station


Kendal Power Station (6 x 686 MWe) in South

Africa bull Indirect system (surface condenser 6 x natural draft dry-cooling towers (165 meter tall)



Kendal Power Station (6 x 686 MWe)

bull Currently largest dry-cooled power station worldwide

Cooling Tower

Top View

Hot water from condenser is

cooled by A ndash frame air

coolers


More Air Cooler Views at Kendal Power Station

Bottom Views

Cooler Tubes with Fins


Eskom Dry-Cooling Initial Temperature Difference

(ITD) Variation with Ambient Temperature

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Ambient Temperature [degC]

ITD

[degC

]

Grootvlei 5amp6 design

Matimba - Direct Dry Cooled

Majuba - Direct Dry Cooled

Kendal - Indirect Dry Cooled

Medupi - Direct Dry Cooled

Source JP Pretorius and AF Du Preez ldquoEskom Cooling Technologiesrdquo 14th IAHR Conference 2009


What do you do when it is hot

Inlet air cooling with sprays

Testing at Crockett Co‐Gen plant


Hybrid Cooling ProsCons

bull Pros

bull Full power output even on hot days due to full operation of cooling tower systems

bull Potential for more than 50 less vapor loss compared to cooling tower systems

Cons

bull Cooling tower shut down in drought

seasons

bull As expensive as air cooled condensers

bull Dual cooling components

Challenge

Develop alternative more

cost effective hybrid sys

8 Installations in US

1 Installation in Argentina

8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US


Current Cooling System Data Comparison

Steam Condensation Temperatures Based on TDB of 100deg F and TWB of 78deg F

500 MW Coal Fired Steam Power Plant with Heat Load of 2500 Mbtuhr and

Steam Flow Rate of 25 Mlbhr

Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10

Dry Direct na na na na na 40 - 72 40 x 40 64000 - 120000 60 - 100

Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80

Steam Condenser TowerACC

Cooling SystemSystem Cost

($MM)Cost Ratio Relative to Wet

Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)

Wet Cooling Tower and

Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0

Once Through Cooling 10 - 15 04 - 75 02 - 03 100 150000 - 350000

Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000

Steam Condensation Temperatures Based on T of 100deg F and T of 78deg F


Examples of On-Going Advanced Cooling

Technology Projects for Water Use Reduction

1 Waste HeatSolar Driven Green Adsorption Chillers

for Steam Condensation (Collaboration with Allcomp)

2 Thermosyphon Cooler Technology

(Collaboration with Johnson Controls)

3 Advanced M-Cycle Dew Point Cooling Tower Fill

(Collaboration with Gas Technology Institute)

4 Heat Absorption Nanoparticles in Coolant

(Collaboration with Argonne National Laboratory)

5 Hybrid drywet cooling to enhance air cooled

condensers (Collaboration with University of Stellenbosch in S Africa)

More information about our current projects can be found here and from report list

on page 2 of our Program Home Page Posting


Key Potential Benefits

bull Dry cooling system

Near Zero water use and consumption

bull Reduced condensation temperature

As low as 35 degC

Potential for annual power production increase by up to 5

bull Full power production even on the hottest days compared to air cooled condensers

Project 1 Waste HeatSolar Driven Green Adsorption Chillers


Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator

Schematic Illustration of a Typical Adsorption Chiller

Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant

(EPRI Patent Pending)


Exploratory Cooling Projects

bull Thermoelectric Cooling and Waste Heat

Recovery Technology (Purdue)

bull Near 100 Vapor Capturing Technology (UMD)

bull Emerging Heat Transfer Enhancement

Technology Evaluation (UIUC)

bull Parametric Evaluation of Effects of Nanofluid on

Cooling Tower Evaporation Loss Reduction

(GTI)


More Cooling Information Resources

bull Power Plant Cooling System Information and Data EPRI

2013

bull NSFEPRI Workshop on Advancing Power Plant Cooling

Technologies Nov 2012

bull Cost and Performance Baseline for Fossil Energy Plants -

Volume 1 Bituminous Coal and Natural Gas to Electricity

DOENETL-20101397 Nov 2010 (Case 11 or 12)


Resources

wwwepricomPagesAdvanced-Water-Research-for-Power-Plantsaspx


More Resources

bull FAQAnswers

bull 2013 Joint EPRI-NSF Solicitation

bull 2012 Request for Information Solicitation

bull Power Plant Cooling System Information and Data

bull How to Work with EPRI

bull EPRI-University Contract Agreement

bull Program Home Page Posting ndashRecordings presentation files FAQ and additional information will be posted at

Technology Innovation Water Use and Availability Program Overview


Frequently Asked Questions

bull What are the principle investigator (PI) requirements for EPRI funded work

bull Can bidders submit proposals to EPRI directly

bull What is EPRI cost sharing requirement

bull Will EPRI own IP developed before and during contract

bull How long will it take to negotiate and sign off a contract

bull When will awardrejection decisions be made

bull Will late submissions be accepted

bull FAQAnswers for shaded and more questions

httpmydocsepricomdocsPublicMeetingMaterials06132013Solc_FAQ_2pdf


Questions amp Answers If you have a question during the webcast you canhellip

Type your question to the

presenters using the QampA

Feature

Let us know

you have a

question


TogetherhellipShaping the Future of Electricity

Thank You

Any Questions or Data Required for Assessment

Please feel free to contact us

Technical Contacts

Dr Sumanta Acharya at sacharyansfgov

Dr Jessica Shi at JShiepricom

General Questions

Vivian Li at VLiepricom


Agenda

bull Welcome




bull FAQ








Independent

Collaborative

Nonprofit





Feb 2011

June 2012


Objective




reduction






US fresh water







0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900


Comb Cycle

IGCC Solar thermal


Wate

r u

se

gal

MW

h

Hotel

Fuel processing

CT injection

Inlet air cooling

Ash handling

Scrubbing

Boiler make-up

Cooling




Reduction




NSF overview slides























bull NSF


ndash Modeling



bull EPRI

Applied research















optional approaches




















NSF Review Criteria









Review Criteria









ndash Other such as







Funding

bull Funding Size


NSF)






NSF awards grants

EPRI contracts







ideas






with a campus in US






























Agreement Form


Proposal Due Time




traffic jam



potential funding




bull Assumptions




Do Your Homework


Agenda

bull Welcome




bull FAQ






a




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 2 4 6 8 10

Te

mp

era

ture

(degC

)

Entropy (kJkgK)


Nuclear Power

Plant


2

3

4 1

T-S Diagram for

Pure Water





(43 in US) 2


(1Usage in US)2






Cooling Pond

(14 in US)2



bull Pros



bull Cons




43 Usage in US



bull Pros


bull Cons






42 Usage in US




1 Usage in US Pros

bull Dry system


water supply needed

Cons





systems




cold days






Air Flow

1 ndash 15 M

ACFM

per Fan

Fins




Vfin Vfin Vfin

Vtotal

Vfin Vfin Vfin

AIR

Evapcorsquos Steam

Condenser

Tube with Fins









Area [m2] 40000 930

HTC [Wm2K] 45 ndash 50 15000 - 18000


Sources






Presentation 2012














A Street of ACC

with 6 FansCells


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]


Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate



260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row




Forced Draught




Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance








Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



Thank You



Technical Contacts



General Questions







Independent

Collaborative

Nonprofit





Feb 2011

June 2012


Objective




reduction






US fresh water







0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900


Comb Cycle

IGCC Solar thermal


Wate

r u

se

gal

MW

h

Hotel

Fuel processing

CT injection

Inlet air cooling

Ash handling

Scrubbing

Boiler make-up

Cooling




Reduction




NSF overview slides























bull NSF


ndash Modeling



bull EPRI

Applied research















optional approaches




















NSF Review Criteria









Review Criteria









ndash Other such as







Funding

bull Funding Size


NSF)






NSF awards grants

EPRI contracts







ideas






with a campus in US






























Agreement Form


Proposal Due Time




traffic jam



potential funding




bull Assumptions




Do Your Homework


Agenda

bull Welcome




bull FAQ






a




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 2 4 6 8 10

Te

mp

era

ture

(degC

)

Entropy (kJkgK)


Nuclear Power

Plant


2

3

4 1

T-S Diagram for

Pure Water





(43 in US) 2


(1Usage in US)2






Cooling Pond

(14 in US)2



bull Pros



bull Cons




43 Usage in US



bull Pros


bull Cons






42 Usage in US




1 Usage in US Pros

bull Dry system


water supply needed

Cons





systems




cold days






Air Flow

1 ndash 15 M

ACFM

per Fan

Fins




Vfin Vfin Vfin

Vtotal

Vfin Vfin Vfin

AIR

Evapcorsquos Steam

Condenser

Tube with Fins









Area [m2] 40000 930

HTC [Wm2K] 45 ndash 50 15000 - 18000


Sources






Presentation 2012














A Street of ACC

with 6 FansCells


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]


Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate



260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row




Forced Draught




Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance








Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



Thank You



Technical Contacts



General Questions






Feb 2011

June 2012


Objective




reduction






US fresh water







0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900


Comb Cycle

IGCC Solar thermal


Wate

r u

se

gal

MW

h

Hotel

Fuel processing

CT injection

Inlet air cooling

Ash handling

Scrubbing

Boiler make-up

Cooling




Reduction




NSF overview slides























bull NSF


ndash Modeling



bull EPRI

Applied research















optional approaches




















NSF Review Criteria









Review Criteria









ndash Other such as







Funding

bull Funding Size


NSF)






NSF awards grants

EPRI contracts







ideas






with a campus in US






























Agreement Form


Proposal Due Time




traffic jam



potential funding




bull Assumptions




Do Your Homework


Agenda

bull Welcome




bull FAQ






a




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 2 4 6 8 10

Te

mp

era

ture

(degC

)

Entropy (kJkgK)


Nuclear Power

Plant


2

3

4 1

T-S Diagram for

Pure Water





(43 in US) 2


(1Usage in US)2






Cooling Pond

(14 in US)2



bull Pros



bull Cons




43 Usage in US



bull Pros


bull Cons






42 Usage in US




1 Usage in US Pros

bull Dry system


water supply needed

Cons





systems




cold days






Air Flow

1 ndash 15 M

ACFM

per Fan

Fins




Vfin Vfin Vfin

Vtotal

Vfin Vfin Vfin

AIR

Evapcorsquos Steam

Condenser

Tube with Fins









Area [m2] 40000 930

HTC [Wm2K] 45 ndash 50 15000 - 18000


Sources






Presentation 2012














A Street of ACC

with 6 FansCells


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]


Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate



260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row




Forced Draught




Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance








Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



Thank You



Technical Contacts



General Questions







US fresh water







0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900


Comb Cycle

IGCC Solar thermal


Wate

r u

se

gal

MW

h

Hotel

Fuel processing

CT injection

Inlet air cooling

Ash handling

Scrubbing

Boiler make-up

Cooling




Reduction




NSF overview slides























bull NSF


ndash Modeling



bull EPRI

Applied research















optional approaches




















NSF Review Criteria









Review Criteria









ndash Other such as







Funding

bull Funding Size


NSF)






NSF awards grants

EPRI contracts







ideas






with a campus in US






























Agreement Form


Proposal Due Time




traffic jam



potential funding




bull Assumptions




Do Your Homework


Agenda

bull Welcome




bull FAQ






a




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 2 4 6 8 10

Te

mp

era

ture

(degC

)

Entropy (kJkgK)


Nuclear Power

Plant


2

3

4 1

T-S Diagram for

Pure Water





(43 in US) 2


(1Usage in US)2






Cooling Pond

(14 in US)2



bull Pros



bull Cons




43 Usage in US



bull Pros


bull Cons






42 Usage in US




1 Usage in US Pros

bull Dry system


water supply needed

Cons





systems




cold days






Air Flow

1 ndash 15 M

ACFM

per Fan

Fins




Vfin Vfin Vfin

Vtotal

Vfin Vfin Vfin

AIR

Evapcorsquos Steam

Condenser

Tube with Fins









Area [m2] 40000 930

HTC [Wm2K] 45 ndash 50 15000 - 18000


Sources






Presentation 2012














A Street of ACC

with 6 FansCells


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]


Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate



260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row




Forced Draught




Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance








Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



Thank You



Technical Contacts



General Questions




Reduction




NSF overview slides























bull NSF


ndash Modeling



bull EPRI

Applied research















optional approaches




















NSF Review Criteria









Review Criteria









ndash Other such as







Funding

bull Funding Size


NSF)






NSF awards grants

EPRI contracts







ideas






with a campus in US






























Agreement Form


Proposal Due Time




traffic jam



potential funding




bull Assumptions




Do Your Homework


Agenda

bull Welcome




bull FAQ






a




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 2 4 6 8 10

Te

mp

era

ture

(degC

)

Entropy (kJkgK)


Nuclear Power

Plant


2

3

4 1

T-S Diagram for

Pure Water





(43 in US) 2


(1Usage in US)2






Cooling Pond

(14 in US)2



bull Pros



bull Cons




43 Usage in US



bull Pros


bull Cons






42 Usage in US




1 Usage in US Pros

bull Dry system


water supply needed

Cons





systems




cold days






Air Flow

1 ndash 15 M

ACFM

per Fan

Fins




Vfin Vfin Vfin

Vtotal

Vfin Vfin Vfin

AIR

Evapcorsquos Steam

Condenser

Tube with Fins









Area [m2] 40000 930

HTC [Wm2K] 45 ndash 50 15000 - 18000


Sources






Presentation 2012














A Street of ACC

with 6 FansCells


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]


Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate



260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row




Forced Draught




Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance








Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



Thank You



Technical Contacts



General Questions



NSF overview slides























bull NSF


ndash Modeling



bull EPRI

Applied research















optional approaches




















NSF Review Criteria









Review Criteria









ndash Other such as







Funding

bull Funding Size


NSF)






NSF awards grants

EPRI contracts







ideas






with a campus in US






























Agreement Form


Proposal Due Time




traffic jam



potential funding




bull Assumptions




Do Your Homework


Agenda

bull Welcome




bull FAQ






a




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 2 4 6 8 10

Te

mp

era

ture

(degC

)

Entropy (kJkgK)


Nuclear Power

Plant


2

3

4 1

T-S Diagram for

Pure Water





(43 in US) 2


(1Usage in US)2






Cooling Pond

(14 in US)2



bull Pros



bull Cons




43 Usage in US



bull Pros


bull Cons






42 Usage in US




1 Usage in US Pros

bull Dry system


water supply needed

Cons





systems




cold days






Air Flow

1 ndash 15 M

ACFM

per Fan

Fins




Vfin Vfin Vfin

Vtotal

Vfin Vfin Vfin

AIR

Evapcorsquos Steam

Condenser

Tube with Fins









Area [m2] 40000 930

HTC [Wm2K] 45 ndash 50 15000 - 18000


Sources






Presentation 2012














A Street of ACC

with 6 FansCells


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]


Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate



260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row




Forced Draught




Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance








Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



Thank You



Technical Contacts



General Questions




















bull NSF


ndash Modeling



bull EPRI

Applied research















optional approaches




















NSF Review Criteria









Review Criteria









ndash Other such as







Funding

bull Funding Size


NSF)






NSF awards grants

EPRI contracts







ideas






with a campus in US






























Agreement Form


Proposal Due Time




traffic jam



potential funding




bull Assumptions




Do Your Homework


Agenda

bull Welcome




bull FAQ






a




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 2 4 6 8 10

Te

mp

era

ture

(degC

)

Entropy (kJkgK)


Nuclear Power

Plant


2

3

4 1

T-S Diagram for

Pure Water





(43 in US) 2


(1Usage in US)2






Cooling Pond

(14 in US)2



bull Pros



bull Cons




43 Usage in US



bull Pros


bull Cons






42 Usage in US




1 Usage in US Pros

bull Dry system


water supply needed

Cons





systems




cold days






Air Flow

1 ndash 15 M

ACFM

per Fan

Fins




Vfin Vfin Vfin

Vtotal

Vfin Vfin Vfin

AIR

Evapcorsquos Steam

Condenser

Tube with Fins









Area [m2] 40000 930

HTC [Wm2K] 45 ndash 50 15000 - 18000


Sources






Presentation 2012














A Street of ACC

with 6 FansCells


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]


Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate



260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row




Forced Draught




Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance








Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



Thank You



Technical Contacts



General Questions




bull NSF


ndash Modeling



bull EPRI

Applied research















optional approaches




















NSF Review Criteria









Review Criteria









ndash Other such as







Funding

bull Funding Size


NSF)






NSF awards grants

EPRI contracts







ideas






with a campus in US






























Agreement Form


Proposal Due Time




traffic jam



potential funding




bull Assumptions




Do Your Homework


Agenda

bull Welcome




bull FAQ






a




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 2 4 6 8 10

Te

mp

era

ture

(degC

)

Entropy (kJkgK)


Nuclear Power

Plant


2

3

4 1

T-S Diagram for

Pure Water





(43 in US) 2


(1Usage in US)2






Cooling Pond

(14 in US)2



bull Pros



bull Cons




43 Usage in US



bull Pros


bull Cons






42 Usage in US




1 Usage in US Pros

bull Dry system


water supply needed

Cons





systems




cold days






Air Flow

1 ndash 15 M

ACFM

per Fan

Fins




Vfin Vfin Vfin

Vtotal

Vfin Vfin Vfin

AIR

Evapcorsquos Steam

Condenser

Tube with Fins









Area [m2] 40000 930

HTC [Wm2K] 45 ndash 50 15000 - 18000


Sources






Presentation 2012














A Street of ACC

with 6 FansCells


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]


Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate



260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row




Forced Draught




Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance








Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



Thank You



Technical Contacts



General Questions













optional approaches




















NSF Review Criteria









Review Criteria









ndash Other such as







Funding

bull Funding Size


NSF)






NSF awards grants

EPRI contracts







ideas






with a campus in US






























Agreement Form


Proposal Due Time




traffic jam



potential funding




bull Assumptions




Do Your Homework


Agenda

bull Welcome




bull FAQ






a




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 2 4 6 8 10

Te

mp

era

ture

(degC

)

Entropy (kJkgK)


Nuclear Power

Plant


2

3

4 1

T-S Diagram for

Pure Water





(43 in US) 2


(1Usage in US)2






Cooling Pond

(14 in US)2



bull Pros



bull Cons




43 Usage in US



bull Pros


bull Cons






42 Usage in US




1 Usage in US Pros

bull Dry system


water supply needed

Cons





systems




cold days






Air Flow

1 ndash 15 M

ACFM

per Fan

Fins




Vfin Vfin Vfin

Vtotal

Vfin Vfin Vfin

AIR

Evapcorsquos Steam

Condenser

Tube with Fins









Area [m2] 40000 930

HTC [Wm2K] 45 ndash 50 15000 - 18000


Sources






Presentation 2012














A Street of ACC

with 6 FansCells


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]


Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate



260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row




Forced Draught




Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance








Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



Thank You



Technical Contacts



General Questions







optional approaches




















NSF Review Criteria









Review Criteria









ndash Other such as







Funding

bull Funding Size


NSF)






NSF awards grants

EPRI contracts







ideas






with a campus in US






























Agreement Form


Proposal Due Time




traffic jam



potential funding




bull Assumptions




Do Your Homework


Agenda

bull Welcome




bull FAQ






a




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 2 4 6 8 10

Te

mp

era

ture

(degC

)

Entropy (kJkgK)


Nuclear Power

Plant


2

3

4 1

T-S Diagram for

Pure Water





(43 in US) 2


(1Usage in US)2






Cooling Pond

(14 in US)2



bull Pros



bull Cons




43 Usage in US



bull Pros


bull Cons






42 Usage in US




1 Usage in US Pros

bull Dry system


water supply needed

Cons





systems




cold days






Air Flow

1 ndash 15 M

ACFM

per Fan

Fins




Vfin Vfin Vfin

Vtotal

Vfin Vfin Vfin

AIR

Evapcorsquos Steam

Condenser

Tube with Fins









Area [m2] 40000 930

HTC [Wm2K] 45 ndash 50 15000 - 18000


Sources






Presentation 2012














A Street of ACC

with 6 FansCells


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]


Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate



260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row




Forced Draught




Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance








Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



Thank You



Technical Contacts



General Questions












NSF Review Criteria









Review Criteria









ndash Other such as







Funding

bull Funding Size


NSF)






NSF awards grants

EPRI contracts







ideas






with a campus in US






























Agreement Form


Proposal Due Time




traffic jam



potential funding




bull Assumptions




Do Your Homework


Agenda

bull Welcome




bull FAQ






a




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 2 4 6 8 10

Te

mp

era

ture

(degC

)

Entropy (kJkgK)


Nuclear Power

Plant


2

3

4 1

T-S Diagram for

Pure Water





(43 in US) 2


(1Usage in US)2






Cooling Pond

(14 in US)2



bull Pros



bull Cons




43 Usage in US



bull Pros


bull Cons






42 Usage in US




1 Usage in US Pros

bull Dry system


water supply needed

Cons





systems




cold days






Air Flow

1 ndash 15 M

ACFM

per Fan

Fins




Vfin Vfin Vfin

Vtotal

Vfin Vfin Vfin

AIR

Evapcorsquos Steam

Condenser

Tube with Fins









Area [m2] 40000 930

HTC [Wm2K] 45 ndash 50 15000 - 18000


Sources






Presentation 2012














A Street of ACC

with 6 FansCells


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]


Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate



260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row




Forced Draught




Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance








Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



Thank You



Technical Contacts



General Questions



NSF Review Criteria









Review Criteria









ndash Other such as







Funding

bull Funding Size


NSF)






NSF awards grants

EPRI contracts







ideas






with a campus in US






























Agreement Form


Proposal Due Time




traffic jam



potential funding




bull Assumptions




Do Your Homework


Agenda

bull Welcome




bull FAQ






a




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 2 4 6 8 10

Te

mp

era

ture

(degC

)

Entropy (kJkgK)


Nuclear Power

Plant


2

3

4 1

T-S Diagram for

Pure Water





(43 in US) 2


(1Usage in US)2






Cooling Pond

(14 in US)2



bull Pros



bull Cons




43 Usage in US



bull Pros


bull Cons






42 Usage in US




1 Usage in US Pros

bull Dry system


water supply needed

Cons





systems




cold days






Air Flow

1 ndash 15 M

ACFM

per Fan

Fins




Vfin Vfin Vfin

Vtotal

Vfin Vfin Vfin

AIR

Evapcorsquos Steam

Condenser

Tube with Fins









Area [m2] 40000 930

HTC [Wm2K] 45 ndash 50 15000 - 18000


Sources






Presentation 2012














A Street of ACC

with 6 FansCells


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]


Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate



260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row




Forced Draught




Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance








Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



Thank You



Technical Contacts



General Questions




Review Criteria









ndash Other such as







Funding

bull Funding Size


NSF)






NSF awards grants

EPRI contracts







ideas






with a campus in US






























Agreement Form


Proposal Due Time




traffic jam



potential funding




bull Assumptions




Do Your Homework


Agenda

bull Welcome




bull FAQ






a




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 2 4 6 8 10

Te

mp

era

ture

(degC

)

Entropy (kJkgK)


Nuclear Power

Plant


2

3

4 1

T-S Diagram for

Pure Water





(43 in US) 2


(1Usage in US)2






Cooling Pond

(14 in US)2



bull Pros



bull Cons




43 Usage in US



bull Pros


bull Cons






42 Usage in US




1 Usage in US Pros

bull Dry system


water supply needed

Cons





systems




cold days






Air Flow

1 ndash 15 M

ACFM

per Fan

Fins




Vfin Vfin Vfin

Vtotal

Vfin Vfin Vfin

AIR

Evapcorsquos Steam

Condenser

Tube with Fins









Area [m2] 40000 930

HTC [Wm2K] 45 ndash 50 15000 - 18000


Sources






Presentation 2012














A Street of ACC

with 6 FansCells


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]


Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate



260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row




Forced Draught




Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance








Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



Thank You



Technical Contacts



General Questions



Funding

bull Funding Size


NSF)






NSF awards grants

EPRI contracts







ideas






with a campus in US






























Agreement Form


Proposal Due Time




traffic jam



potential funding




bull Assumptions




Do Your Homework


Agenda

bull Welcome




bull FAQ






a




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 2 4 6 8 10

Te

mp

era

ture

(degC

)

Entropy (kJkgK)


Nuclear Power

Plant


2

3

4 1

T-S Diagram for

Pure Water





(43 in US) 2


(1Usage in US)2






Cooling Pond

(14 in US)2



bull Pros



bull Cons




43 Usage in US



bull Pros


bull Cons






42 Usage in US




1 Usage in US Pros

bull Dry system


water supply needed

Cons





systems




cold days






Air Flow

1 ndash 15 M

ACFM

per Fan

Fins




Vfin Vfin Vfin

Vtotal

Vfin Vfin Vfin

AIR

Evapcorsquos Steam

Condenser

Tube with Fins









Area [m2] 40000 930

HTC [Wm2K] 45 ndash 50 15000 - 18000


Sources






Presentation 2012














A Street of ACC

with 6 FansCells


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]


Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate



260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row




Forced Draught




Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance








Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



Thank You



Technical Contacts



General Questions






ideas






with a campus in US






























Agreement Form


Proposal Due Time




traffic jam



potential funding




bull Assumptions




Do Your Homework


Agenda

bull Welcome




bull FAQ






a




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 2 4 6 8 10

Te

mp

era

ture

(degC

)

Entropy (kJkgK)


Nuclear Power

Plant


2

3

4 1

T-S Diagram for

Pure Water





(43 in US) 2


(1Usage in US)2






Cooling Pond

(14 in US)2



bull Pros



bull Cons




43 Usage in US



bull Pros


bull Cons






42 Usage in US




1 Usage in US Pros

bull Dry system


water supply needed

Cons





systems




cold days






Air Flow

1 ndash 15 M

ACFM

per Fan

Fins




Vfin Vfin Vfin

Vtotal

Vfin Vfin Vfin

AIR

Evapcorsquos Steam

Condenser

Tube with Fins









Area [m2] 40000 930

HTC [Wm2K] 45 ndash 50 15000 - 18000


Sources






Presentation 2012














A Street of ACC

with 6 FansCells


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]


Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate



260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row




Forced Draught




Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance








Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



Thank You



Technical Contacts



General Questions





with a campus in US






























Agreement Form


Proposal Due Time




traffic jam



potential funding




bull Assumptions




Do Your Homework


Agenda

bull Welcome




bull FAQ






a




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 2 4 6 8 10

Te

mp

era

ture

(degC

)

Entropy (kJkgK)


Nuclear Power

Plant


2

3

4 1

T-S Diagram for

Pure Water





(43 in US) 2


(1Usage in US)2






Cooling Pond

(14 in US)2



bull Pros



bull Cons




43 Usage in US



bull Pros


bull Cons






42 Usage in US




1 Usage in US Pros

bull Dry system


water supply needed

Cons





systems




cold days






Air Flow

1 ndash 15 M

ACFM

per Fan

Fins




Vfin Vfin Vfin

Vtotal

Vfin Vfin Vfin

AIR

Evapcorsquos Steam

Condenser

Tube with Fins









Area [m2] 40000 930

HTC [Wm2K] 45 ndash 50 15000 - 18000


Sources






Presentation 2012














A Street of ACC

with 6 FansCells


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]


Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate



260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row




Forced Draught




Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance








Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



Thank You



Technical Contacts



General Questions
























Agreement Form


Proposal Due Time




traffic jam



potential funding




bull Assumptions




Do Your Homework


Agenda

bull Welcome




bull FAQ






a




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 2 4 6 8 10

Te

mp

era

ture

(degC

)

Entropy (kJkgK)


Nuclear Power

Plant


2

3

4 1

T-S Diagram for

Pure Water





(43 in US) 2


(1Usage in US)2






Cooling Pond

(14 in US)2



bull Pros



bull Cons




43 Usage in US



bull Pros


bull Cons






42 Usage in US




1 Usage in US Pros

bull Dry system


water supply needed

Cons





systems




cold days






Air Flow

1 ndash 15 M

ACFM

per Fan

Fins




Vfin Vfin Vfin

Vtotal

Vfin Vfin Vfin

AIR

Evapcorsquos Steam

Condenser

Tube with Fins









Area [m2] 40000 930

HTC [Wm2K] 45 ndash 50 15000 - 18000


Sources






Presentation 2012














A Street of ACC

with 6 FansCells


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]


Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate



260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row




Forced Draught




Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance








Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



Thank You



Technical Contacts



General Questions
















Agreement Form


Proposal Due Time




traffic jam



potential funding




bull Assumptions




Do Your Homework


Agenda

bull Welcome




bull FAQ






a




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 2 4 6 8 10

Te

mp

era

ture

(degC

)

Entropy (kJkgK)


Nuclear Power

Plant


2

3

4 1

T-S Diagram for

Pure Water





(43 in US) 2


(1Usage in US)2






Cooling Pond

(14 in US)2



bull Pros



bull Cons




43 Usage in US



bull Pros


bull Cons






42 Usage in US




1 Usage in US Pros

bull Dry system


water supply needed

Cons





systems




cold days






Air Flow

1 ndash 15 M

ACFM

per Fan

Fins




Vfin Vfin Vfin

Vtotal

Vfin Vfin Vfin

AIR

Evapcorsquos Steam

Condenser

Tube with Fins









Area [m2] 40000 930

HTC [Wm2K] 45 ndash 50 15000 - 18000


Sources






Presentation 2012














A Street of ACC

with 6 FansCells


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]


Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate



260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row




Forced Draught




Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance








Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



Thank You



Technical Contacts



General Questions








Agreement Form


Proposal Due Time




traffic jam



potential funding




bull Assumptions




Do Your Homework


Agenda

bull Welcome




bull FAQ






a




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 2 4 6 8 10

Te

mp

era

ture

(degC

)

Entropy (kJkgK)


Nuclear Power

Plant


2

3

4 1

T-S Diagram for

Pure Water





(43 in US) 2


(1Usage in US)2






Cooling Pond

(14 in US)2



bull Pros



bull Cons




43 Usage in US



bull Pros


bull Cons






42 Usage in US




1 Usage in US Pros

bull Dry system


water supply needed

Cons





systems




cold days






Air Flow

1 ndash 15 M

ACFM

per Fan

Fins




Vfin Vfin Vfin

Vtotal

Vfin Vfin Vfin

AIR

Evapcorsquos Steam

Condenser

Tube with Fins









Area [m2] 40000 930

HTC [Wm2K] 45 ndash 50 15000 - 18000


Sources






Presentation 2012














A Street of ACC

with 6 FansCells


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]


Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate



260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row




Forced Draught




Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance








Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



Thank You



Technical Contacts



General Questions



Proposal Due Time




traffic jam



potential funding




bull Assumptions




Do Your Homework


Agenda

bull Welcome




bull FAQ






a




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 2 4 6 8 10

Te

mp

era

ture

(degC

)

Entropy (kJkgK)


Nuclear Power

Plant


2

3

4 1

T-S Diagram for

Pure Water





(43 in US) 2


(1Usage in US)2






Cooling Pond

(14 in US)2



bull Pros



bull Cons




43 Usage in US



bull Pros


bull Cons






42 Usage in US




1 Usage in US Pros

bull Dry system


water supply needed

Cons





systems




cold days






Air Flow

1 ndash 15 M

ACFM

per Fan

Fins




Vfin Vfin Vfin

Vtotal

Vfin Vfin Vfin

AIR

Evapcorsquos Steam

Condenser

Tube with Fins









Area [m2] 40000 930

HTC [Wm2K] 45 ndash 50 15000 - 18000


Sources






Presentation 2012














A Street of ACC

with 6 FansCells


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]


Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate



260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row




Forced Draught




Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance








Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



Thank You



Technical Contacts



General Questions





bull Assumptions




Do Your Homework


Agenda

bull Welcome




bull FAQ






a




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 2 4 6 8 10

Te

mp

era

ture

(degC

)

Entropy (kJkgK)


Nuclear Power

Plant


2

3

4 1

T-S Diagram for

Pure Water





(43 in US) 2


(1Usage in US)2






Cooling Pond

(14 in US)2



bull Pros



bull Cons




43 Usage in US



bull Pros


bull Cons






42 Usage in US




1 Usage in US Pros

bull Dry system


water supply needed

Cons





systems




cold days






Air Flow

1 ndash 15 M

ACFM

per Fan

Fins




Vfin Vfin Vfin

Vtotal

Vfin Vfin Vfin

AIR

Evapcorsquos Steam

Condenser

Tube with Fins









Area [m2] 40000 930

HTC [Wm2K] 45 ndash 50 15000 - 18000


Sources






Presentation 2012














A Street of ACC

with 6 FansCells


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]


Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate



260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row




Forced Draught




Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance








Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



Thank You



Technical Contacts



General Questions



Agenda

bull Welcome




bull FAQ






a




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 2 4 6 8 10

Te

mp

era

ture

(degC

)

Entropy (kJkgK)


Nuclear Power

Plant


2

3

4 1

T-S Diagram for

Pure Water





(43 in US) 2


(1Usage in US)2






Cooling Pond

(14 in US)2



bull Pros



bull Cons




43 Usage in US



bull Pros


bull Cons






42 Usage in US




1 Usage in US Pros

bull Dry system


water supply needed

Cons





systems




cold days






Air Flow

1 ndash 15 M

ACFM

per Fan

Fins




Vfin Vfin Vfin

Vtotal

Vfin Vfin Vfin

AIR

Evapcorsquos Steam

Condenser

Tube with Fins









Area [m2] 40000 930

HTC [Wm2K] 45 ndash 50 15000 - 18000


Sources






Presentation 2012














A Street of ACC

with 6 FansCells


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]


Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate



260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row




Forced Draught




Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance








Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



Thank You



Technical Contacts



General Questions





a




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 2 4 6 8 10

Te

mp

era

ture

(degC

)

Entropy (kJkgK)


Nuclear Power

Plant


2

3

4 1

T-S Diagram for

Pure Water





(43 in US) 2


(1Usage in US)2






Cooling Pond

(14 in US)2



bull Pros



bull Cons




43 Usage in US



bull Pros


bull Cons






42 Usage in US




1 Usage in US Pros

bull Dry system


water supply needed

Cons





systems




cold days






Air Flow

1 ndash 15 M

ACFM

per Fan

Fins




Vfin Vfin Vfin

Vtotal

Vfin Vfin Vfin

AIR

Evapcorsquos Steam

Condenser

Tube with Fins









Area [m2] 40000 930

HTC [Wm2K] 45 ndash 50 15000 - 18000


Sources






Presentation 2012














A Street of ACC

with 6 FansCells


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]


Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate



260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row




Forced Draught




Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance








Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



Thank You



Technical Contacts



General Questions






(43 in US) 2


(1Usage in US)2






Cooling Pond

(14 in US)2



bull Pros



bull Cons




43 Usage in US



bull Pros


bull Cons






42 Usage in US




1 Usage in US Pros

bull Dry system


water supply needed

Cons





systems




cold days






Air Flow

1 ndash 15 M

ACFM

per Fan

Fins




Vfin Vfin Vfin

Vtotal

Vfin Vfin Vfin

AIR

Evapcorsquos Steam

Condenser

Tube with Fins









Area [m2] 40000 930

HTC [Wm2K] 45 ndash 50 15000 - 18000


Sources






Presentation 2012














A Street of ACC

with 6 FansCells


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]


Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate



260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row




Forced Draught




Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance








Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



Thank You



Technical Contacts



General Questions



bull Pros



bull Cons




43 Usage in US



bull Pros


bull Cons






42 Usage in US




1 Usage in US Pros

bull Dry system


water supply needed

Cons





systems




cold days






Air Flow

1 ndash 15 M

ACFM

per Fan

Fins




Vfin Vfin Vfin

Vtotal

Vfin Vfin Vfin

AIR

Evapcorsquos Steam

Condenser

Tube with Fins









Area [m2] 40000 930

HTC [Wm2K] 45 ndash 50 15000 - 18000


Sources






Presentation 2012














A Street of ACC

with 6 FansCells


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]


Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate



260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row




Forced Draught




Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance








Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



Thank You



Technical Contacts



General Questions




bull Pros


bull Cons






42 Usage in US




1 Usage in US Pros

bull Dry system


water supply needed

Cons





systems




cold days






Air Flow

1 ndash 15 M

ACFM

per Fan

Fins




Vfin Vfin Vfin

Vtotal

Vfin Vfin Vfin

AIR

Evapcorsquos Steam

Condenser

Tube with Fins









Area [m2] 40000 930

HTC [Wm2K] 45 ndash 50 15000 - 18000


Sources






Presentation 2012














A Street of ACC

with 6 FansCells


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]


Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate



260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row




Forced Draught




Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance








Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



Thank You



Technical Contacts



General Questions




1 Usage in US Pros

bull Dry system


water supply needed

Cons





systems




cold days






Air Flow

1 ndash 15 M

ACFM

per Fan

Fins




Vfin Vfin Vfin

Vtotal

Vfin Vfin Vfin

AIR

Evapcorsquos Steam

Condenser

Tube with Fins









Area [m2] 40000 930

HTC [Wm2K] 45 ndash 50 15000 - 18000


Sources






Presentation 2012














A Street of ACC

with 6 FansCells


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]


Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate



260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row




Forced Draught




Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance








Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



Thank You



Technical Contacts



General Questions




Air Flow

1 ndash 15 M

ACFM

per Fan

Fins




Vfin Vfin Vfin

Vtotal

Vfin Vfin Vfin

AIR

Evapcorsquos Steam

Condenser

Tube with Fins









Area [m2] 40000 930

HTC [Wm2K] 45 ndash 50 15000 - 18000


Sources






Presentation 2012














A Street of ACC

with 6 FansCells


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]


Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate



260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row




Forced Draught




Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance








Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



Thank You



Technical Contacts



General Questions










Area [m2] 40000 930

HTC [Wm2K] 45 ndash 50 15000 - 18000


Sources






Presentation 2012














A Street of ACC

with 6 FansCells


0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]


Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate



260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row




Forced Draught




Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance








Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



Thank You



Technical Contacts



General Questions



0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Fan

Sta

tic P

ressu

re [P

a]


Fan Static Pressure

vs Flow Rate



260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Fan

Sh

aft

Po

we

r [k

W]


Fan Shaft Power

vs Flow Rate

System Resistance

of a Single Row




Forced Draught




Design Conditions

Air Side Tube-Fin

Resistance

= 50 - 60 of

System Resistance








Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



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Feature

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Technical Contacts



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Steam

Pipes



Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











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2013







Resources



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Steam

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Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



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Feature

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Technical Contacts



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Inside View

Steam Tubes

with Fins

Catwalk Between

Streets



Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

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Technical Contacts



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Station








Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



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Technical Contacts



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Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



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Technical Contacts



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Cooling Tower

Top View



coolers



Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

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question



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Technical Contacts



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Bottom Views





25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



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Technical Contacts



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25

30

35

40

45

50

55

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45


ITD

[degC

]













bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

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Technical Contacts



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bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



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Technical Contacts



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bull Pros



Cons


seasons



Challenge





8 in Parallel

1 in Series in US






Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

you have a

question



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Technical Contacts



General Questions







Cooling

System

Heat Transfer

Area (ft2)

Tube Dia

(in)

of

Tubes

Tube

Length (ft)

Cost

(MM$)

No of

Cells

Cell Dimensions

(ft x ft)

TowerACC

Footprint (ft2)

Cost

(MM$)

Wet Cooling

Tower and

Condenser

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 15 - 20 48 x 48 to 60 x 60 50000 - 80000 7 - 10


Once Through

Cooling

175000 -

350000 1125 - 125

17000 -

3500030 - 40 1 - 25 na na na na

Hybrid 50000 - 350000 1125 - 12510000 -

35000030 - 40 04 - 25

4 - 10

15- 30

48 x 48 to 60 x 60

40 x 40

10000 - 36000

24000 - 4800030 - 80




Evaporative Loss

(kgalMWh)

Steam

Condensation

Temperature (degF)

Coolant Flow Rate

(gpm)


Condenser20 - 25 100 05 - 07 116 100000 - 250000

Dry Direct 60 - 100 25 - 5 000 155 0


Hybrid 40 -75 2 - 4 01 - 05 116 50000 - 150000






















As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



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As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



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Feature

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Technical Contacts



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As low as 35 degC





Hot Air

Air-Cooled

Condenser

Desorption

Chamber Adsorption

Chamber

Evaporator


Steam

Water

Air

Air

Refrigerant











(GTI)




2013







Resources



More Resources

bull FAQAnswers























Feature

Let us know

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question



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Technical Contacts



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(GTI)




2013







Resources



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Technical Contacts



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2013







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Technical Contacts



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Resources



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NSF/EPRI Joint Solicitation Informational Webcastmydocs.epri.com/docs/PublicMeetingMaterials/1346/NSF...Independent Objective, scientifically based results address reliability, efficiency,