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Space Situational Awareness Optical Solutions

International Symposium on Ensuring Stable Use of Outer Space ～ Enhancing Space Security and Resiliency ～Tokyo March 3rd 2016 – Yannick Devouassoux

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SSA context & Solutions developed by Airbus Defence & Space

Focus on GEOTracker

Focus on laser demonstration

Optical solutions in development

Conclusion - Q&A

2

Agenda

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Space Weather

NEO

Space Traffic Management

Space Surveillance & Tracking (SST)

Survey Orbit determination

Identification

Recognised Space Picture

Space Situational Awareness (SSA)

Access to space - Autonomy to launch - Launch security - Launch detection

Space debris management - Risk assessment - LDR (Laser Debris Removal) - ADR (Active Debris Removal)

Resilience : - Satellites - Ground infrastructures - Ground to space comms

Preemptive actions - From ground - In space - From space

Security in Space : a definition

3

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Airbus DS solutions allow autonomous use of space through independent assessment of events in the economically and strategically important orbits

near Earth

A network of optical sensors for survey and tracking of GEO/

MEO space objects

High accuracy for LEO tracking & Characterization

GEO Tracker Active Laser ranging

Additional optical

solutions

Lucky imaging

LEO survey

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Functions • GEO and MEO space objects tracking • GEO survey for detection and orbit determination Performances and specifications • Coverage: GEO arc between -44W to +56E longitude (from Nice) • Operating under normal weather conditions - 10 to + 40° Celsius

and 40 km/h wind speed • Detects objects >1m in GEO • Tracking accuracy < 4 arcsec • Angular measurement accuracy < 1 mdeg (3,6 arcsec)

Key features • Full remote operations • Very high pointing accuracy and repeatability

An operational network dedicated to space surveillance missions and services

GEO Tracker Operational Network

5

Field Proven Solution

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The secured architecture ensures data confidentiality

GEO Tracker architecture

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GEO Tracker

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Functions • High accuracy space objects tracking/ Trajectography for

• CDM verification / refinement • Orbit control, complementary to radar systems

Performances specifications • Objects: size > 0.10m, elevation min > 25°, range < 2000km • Ranging accuracy: +/- 3 m • Azimuth and Elevation vs time: +/- 50 m or < 1 mdeg Operational requirements • Automatic station with remote capabilities • Meet Laser Safety Standards • Minimize operational and maintenance cost • Night operations

Focus on Airbus DS’s laser station

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Validation of the station’s design & processing chain • Laser upgrade from a few mJ to 2J per

pulse • Target fine tracking starting from low

accuracy data • from ± 10 km to ± 25 m tracking accuracy

• Tracking of debris • Speed: 7500 m/s • Altitudes: 800 km – 1500 km • Surface: 2 x 2,5m

• Safety coordination with DGAC Nice and French Air Force (NOTAM)

2J / 10 Hz laser Large FoV telescope for coarse

tracking mounted on narrow FoV telescope

Automatic tracking software Low-noise SPAD

SP SSAR - LMX 08/04/2011 - 14

ADS-B Virtual Radar and Laser Safety System Function of the Safety Laser System

To survey and track air trafic with an ADS-B receiver To emit an alert (sound and visual) when an aircraft

equiped with a transponder is approaching the laser safety cone

Device ADS-B portable receiver (model SBS-1eR) with an

antenna and Basestation software Virtual radar for air trafic visualisation on our own screen In-house software to identify all aircraft which will

penetrate in a predefined safety cone around the laser and alert operator to stop the laser

ADS-B Automatic DependentSurveillance-Broadcast

Laser on Laser off

Laser safety regulations for Air traffic and Space traffic process and technologies

Laser ranging demonstration above Nice (March 2012)

9 Course of operations

600 km/h

1,2 km

167 m

8°

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Observation campaigns results: First echo on SL14 18794 the 20/03/2012

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Observation campaigns results: 10 non cooperative objects tracked during the last campaign

Date Name # NORAD Tracking start Tracking stop Distance min (km)

28 march SL14 20197 2h22'12 2h35'52 1500

29 march

SL14 20238 0h20'05 0h27'48 1475

SL14 16594 0h32'05 0h43'02 1800

SL19 37155 1h15'07 1h24'25 1480

SL8 14085 2h18'03 2h25'32 1170

Ariane 40 22830 2h26'51 2h32'21 847

SL14 19196 2h40'33 2h53'32 1520

30 march

SL14 14522 1h05'07 1h18'20 1580

SL8 07443 2h02'36 2h16'13 1670

SL14 16144 2h15'49 2h27'45 1700

Observation campaigns results: 10 non cooperative objects tracked during the last campaign

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Accuracy improvement with laser measurements

A tested laser-based solution for accurate LEO orbit determination

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Operational needs • Detect and catalog small space objects

(Micro & nano-satellites) • Maintain recognised space picture • detect, recognize and identify new objects • Information on all events Solution in development and test at Airbus Defence and Space • Preliminary test in 2015 • Network architecture study • Survey optical station development Test in the coming months

Promising solution to complement radar sensors for LEO survey of small space objects

Survey sensors network architecture

LEO survey demonstration with large FOV sensor

LEO tracking demonstration with GEO Tracker

Large field of view sensors

Survey of LEO orbit with optical solutions

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A technique currently used in astronomy to deal with atmospheric turbulence effects • Acquisition of images with a classic

telescope and a short integration time camera

• Post treatment of pictures – Automatic Selection of the best images – Combination of the best images to improve

resolution

Preliminary results from November 2015

14

Feasibility demonstrated, needs industrialisation for operational use

LEO Satellite

Space Station

Lucky Imaging : a simple solution for imaging satellites

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Access to a demonstrated SSA capability and knowledge

Be part of the Airbus DS optical stations network

Acquire assets to provide SSA services for local needs

To summarize the Airbus DS Solutions offer