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Networking Technologiesand E-Commerce
Dr. Devendra Kumar Punia
[email protected]
http://www.linkedin.com/in/devendrakpunia/
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]
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Course outline
Objectives
Introduce major concepts of data communication,networking, LAN,
WAN, Wireless LAN, Mobilecomputing, Internet, Intranet
Explain functioning of WWW, underlying
infrastructure and technology Introduce Electronic Commerce with
enabling
infrastructure, payment systems, security, socialand legal
issues
Text Book E-commerce business, Technology, Society,
Kenneth C Laudon & Carol Guercio Traver, Pearsoneducation,
India Reprint 2003
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Assessment
Total marks 100
Quiz and Assignments 5 Case studies, class participation, 15
presentation
Mid Term Exam 20
Project Presentation 20
End Term Exam 40
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Telecommunication Transfer of meaningful information from sender
to receiver
over cable or wireless media Includes all of the hardware and
software necessary for its
transmission and reception
Telephony Limited to transmission of sound over wire or
wireless
Assumes temporarily dedicated point-to-point connectionrather
than broadcast connection
Telegraphy Limited to transmission of dash (long beep) and dot
(short
beep) over wire or wireless
Distinction between Telecom and Telephony Difficult to
distinguish because of the use of digital
techniques (binary bits) for transmitting any form ofinformation
(audio, video or data)
What is telecommunication?
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History of telecom: an overview 1837: Samuel Morse invents the
telegraph
1858: Transoceanic telegraph cable is laid
1876: Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone
1885: Incorporation of AT&T
1888: Hertz discovers the electromagnetic wave
1895: Marconi begins experimenting with wireless telegraph
1906: First radio built 1920: First commercial radio
broadcast
1969: ARPANET was funded by the DARPA
1978: Unix-to-Unix copy program
1981: Development of CSNET and BITNET 1982: Term Internet is
coined
1986: Establishment of NSFNET
1989: CSNET and BITNET merge to form CREN
1990: WWW becomes part of the Internet
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Communication System Model
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Communication System Model
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Classification by Spatial Distance
LAN (Local Area Network)
Less than 5 km, private, Mbps to Gbps
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
5 to 50 km, private/public, kbps to Mbps
WAN (Wide Area Network)
More than 50 km, private/public, kbps to Mbps
Classification of data networks
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Classification by Topology
Ring
Bus
Star
Tree
Mesh
Hybrid
Classification of data networks
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By Switching Technology Circuit Switching
Connection-oriented networks, ideal for real-time
applications,guaranteed quality of service
Message Switching Store-and-forward system
Packet Switching
Shared facilities, Used for data communications Cell
Switching
Fast processing of fixed length cells
Classification of data networks
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Type of Information
Data Communications
Digital transmission of information
Voice Communications
Telephone communications
Video Communications
Cable TV or video conferencing
Classification of data networks
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By Computing Model
Distributed Computing
Client/Server set-up
Centralized Computing
Thin-client architecture
Classification of data networks
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By Ownership
Public Network
Owned by a common carrier
Private Network
Built for exclusive use by a single organization
Virtual Private Network
Encrypted tunnels through a shared private or publicnetwork
Classification of data networks
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Standards
Importance
Provide a fixed way for hardware and/or software
systems(different companies) to communicate
Help promote competition and decrease the price
Types of Standards Formal standards
Developed by an industry or government standards-makingbody
De-facto standards
Emerge in the marketplace and widely used
Lack official backing by a standards-making body
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Standardization process
Specification
Developing the nomenclature and identifying the problems tobe
addressed
Identification of choices
Identifying solutions to the problems and choose the
optimum solution
Acceptance
Defining the solution, getting it recognized by industry so
that a uniform solution is accepted
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Major standards bodies ISO (International Organization for
Standardization)
Technical recommendations for data communication interfaces
Composed of each countrys national standards orgs. Based in
Geneva, Switzerland (www.iso.ch)
ITU-T (International Telecommunications Union Telecom Group
Technical recommendations about telephone, telegraph and data
communications interfaces
Composed of representatives from each country in UN Based in
Geneva, Switzerland (www.itu.int)
ANSI (American National Standards Institute) Coordinating
organization for US (not a standards- making body)
(www.ansi.org)
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers)
Professional society; also develops mostly LAN
standards,http://standards.ieee.org
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
Develops Internet standards
No official membership (anyone welcome) (www.ietf.org)
http://www.itu.int/http://www.itu.int/
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Emerging trends in networking
Pervasive Networking
Integration of Voice, Video and Data New Information
Services
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Pervasive networking
Means Networks will be everywhere
Exponential growth of network use Many new types of devices will
have network
capability
Exponential growth of data rates for all kinds of
networking Broadband communications
Use circuits with 256 Kbps or higher (e.g., DSL)
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Also called Convergence Networks that were previously
transmitted using separate
networks will merge into a single, high speed, multimedianetwork
in the near future
First step largely complete Integration of voice and data
Next step Video merging with voice and data
Will take longer partly due to the high data rates required
for
video
Integration of voice, video & data
f
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New information services
World Wide Web based
Many new types of information services becoming available
Services that help ensure quality of information received
overwww
Application Service Providers (ASPs)
Develop specific systems for companies such as providing
and operating a payroll system for a company that does nothave
one of its own
Information Utilities (Future of ASPs)
Providing a wide range of info services (email, web,
payroll,etc.) (similar to electric or water utilities)
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Implications for management
Embrace change and actively seek to use newaspects of networks
toward improving your
organization Information moved quickly and easily anywhere and
anytime
Information accessed by customers and competitors globally
Use a set of industry standard technologies Can easily mix and
match equipment from different vendors
Easier to migrate from older technologies to
newertechnologies
Smaller cost by using a few well known standards
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Thanks
