Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Nuclear Energy
Ian PradoJake Calhoun
Who First Discovered and Used It?
• Enrico Fermi was the leading scientist that discovered how to access atomic energy.
• The United States first used it in the atomic bomb on August 6, 1945 on Hiroshima.
When and Where Was It Discovered or First Used?
• On December 2, 1942 Enrico Fermi discovered how to access nuclear energy at the University of Chicago accompanied by many other scientists around the world.
Why did they develop it as an engine or energy resource?
• It requires less resources than the resources need for fossil fuels.
• Developing a way to use the power generated from nuclear energy was a clear military tactic, which the military paid for a lot of the expenses.
• Nuclear energy seemed like a revolutionary advancement and the people advocating it didn’t understand the serious repercussions.
How Did They Develop It or Create It?
• The first humanly conducted nuclear reaction was by taking a uranium particle and splitting it up and capturing that released energy. This process is called nuclear fission. This causes a chain reaction.
Diagram
Describing the Diagram• 1. Collecting uranium ore-
The amount of uranium ore required is significantly less required for your general fossil fuel. Mining uranium is also very dangerous accounting the high exposure to radioactivity.
• 2. Milling to purify uranium- The purification process of cleaning up uranium. Millions upon millions tons of radioactive sludge has been dumped by these milling plants.
Describing the Diagram• 3. Conversion process-
In order to get that uranium ore into something productive you must enrich that UO2 with UF6 in which it enables the next step.
• 4. Enrichment of the fissionable isotope U-235- Once the bulk of the uranium has been enriched the isotope U-235 is extracted from that mixture.
Describing the Diagram
• 5.Reprocessing useful chemicals can be recovered from the spent energy- This is to extract any other possible useful materials from the reaction taken place. Not much useful materials are collected but it is still it is enough for a profit or fitting purposes.
Describing the Diagram
• 6. The Last Step, managing the waste- Nuclear waste is the main argument of why nuclear energy shouldn't be expanded into. There is no easy way of disposing of the waste. It is so highly toxic and radioactive that it must be in safely contained at all times.
Current Uses
• Thermonuclear Energy- This is what all the stars in the universe do in order to obtain energy. What happens is at temperatures higher than 14 Celsius, gravity pulls in hydrogen particles in and the pressure from the heat cause these particles to go through a 3 step process of nuclear fusion. 4 hydrogen particles are needed to make on particle of helium.
• E=(+or-)mc2- Every particle has it’s anti counterpart. They have exactly the same mass but the opposite charge. When these particles come into contact with one other they end up annihilating one another. Anti-matter is the best way to store energy as far as we know.
• One purpose it serves is a was to treat cancer, but it is too expensive so only the rich can do it.
• The most commonly used from of nuclear energy for humans is what we have been talking in this power point, Uranium nuclear fission. This is not the most effective form of nuclear energy, it is just one of the easiest, but if we invested in thermonuclear fusion or anti matter we would certainly have a better source of energy and maybe a cleaner source.
Where is It Currently Being Used?
• State percentage usage.• Vermont 72.3%• New Jersey 55.1%• Connecticut 53.4%• South Carolina 52.0%• Illinois 48.7%• New Hampshire 44.1%• Virginia 39.6%
What are Future Plans?
• The nuclear energy institution wants to expand the production you nuclear energy by creating more factories around the world. They are planning by 2030 to have 70% more nuclear power than in 2003.
• If you were to ask me I think we should stop using nuclear fission and start researching more upon anti matter and/or thermonuclear energy. The radioactive waste is to much a hassle to manage and we are better off using other forms of nuclear energy.
Benefits
• Nuclear power plants obtain more energy than the same amount of energy from fossil fuels. But really anything is better than fossil fuels and we need to use anything besides foreign fossil fuel.
• Nuclear energy opposed to other forms of alternate energy such as solar or wind were they aren’t continuously obtainable energies.
Benefits
• Over the course of 37 nuclear energy has saved the United States 44 billion dollars worth of energy compared to fossil fuels.
• Nuclear energy is the second leading source of energy in the United States.
Benefits
• Increasing the amount of power plants in the united states would decrease the un employment rate, thus strengthening our economy.
Benefits
• Replacing nuclear energy with fossil fuels would relieve us of our foreign dependency.
• Like the previous benefit of lowering the unemployment rate relieving our dependency upon foreign oil would increase our national worth as well as strengthen our economy.
Benefits
• The most promising aspect of nuclear energy are the less commonly used by men, energy from thermonuclear fusion and antimatter generators. These two methods of obtaining energy are currently the most practical ways of accumulating energy known in the universe. Even though uranium nuclear fission is an ok way of obtaining energy and certainly better than fossil fuels, we think it would be best if we stopped investing in current power plants being made and start investing in was to produce more quantities of antimatter or stably produce energy from thermonuclear fusion. (solar power in a way is obtaining energy from thermonuclear energy).
Drawbacks
• Nuclear energy uses Uranium which is highly radioactive.
• Through out the whole process of mining the uranium to disposing the waste you are in danger of acquiring radiation poison. Even wearing safety gear still doesn’t leave you 100% safe.
• People are at their own risk when it comes to handling uranium.
Drawbacks• The waste that nuclear energy
produces is hard to maintain and very dangerous. It actually costs energy to maintain the waste produced from obtaining that energy from uranium.
• What is an international concern about nuclear energy is whether or not nuclear power plants or disposing the waste they created properly and not near wildlife areas or especially people.
Drawbacks
• Their are potential dangers of the uranium under the fission process going out of control causing a nuclear explosion, also know as a meltdown.
• Meltdowns are extremely dangerous and unpredictable. A meltdown at a power plant can scare people into not working their causing the power plant to become vacant.
Drawbacks• There are way less dangerous
ways of obtaining necessary amounts of energy it’s just these systems aren’t always active or they are expensive.
• What ever the case uranium nuclear fission should seem like a last resort method of obtaining energy next to fossil fuels. (But it is the other way around)(fossil fuels are the most used source of energy around the world and then nuclear fission)(what is wrong with people???)(the smallest percentile should be the highest)
Drawbacks
• Even though thermonuclear fusion and antimatter are the way to go there is still no productive way to harness that energy. Their would have to be more funding placed into those researches. A long term investment yes, but a very smart long term investment it would be. If we found out how to harvest either of them energy would no longer be a problem.
References to Infomation
• http://www.world-nuclear.org/education/nfc.htm
• www.alternate-energy-sources.com/what-is-nuclear-energy.html
• www.solcomhouse.com/nuclear.htm • www.nei.org/• http://www.ieer.org/fctsheet/uranium.html• http://www.posse.net/ne_benef.htm• http://www.iaea.org/index.html
References to Pictures• http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.marulla.com/wp-content/u
ploads/2007/05/may15-utah-6.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.marulla.com/rockhounding/california-nevada-utah-2001/&usg=__uHoiS1TLduBMWfrCDWSR9jIT02E=&h=495&w=450&sz=60&hl=en&start=0&sig2=WCfKQJRHnq495w4CSuQePg&zoom=1&tbnid=JLErXhpAH9oLdM:&tbnh=125&tbnw=112&ei=iDq6TKGzEcK88gbYpN2zDg&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dradiation%2Bwarning%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D709%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=856&oei=iDq6TKGzEcK88gbYpN2zDg&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=32&ved=1t:429,r:6,s:0&tx=10&ty=58
• http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://anonymouslefty.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/happy_people_no_stutter.jpg&imgrefurl=http://anonymouslefty.wordpress.com/2010/01/&usg=__twLlO-GgGpL9L6lDy6cnX0sOWl8=&h=404&w=600&sz=38&hl=en&start=0&sig2=wzZkZxocdcRdJd7bV90bZg&zoom=1&tbnid=7SBPhpM6PE0M0M:&tbnh=110&tbnw=164&ei=iEe6TKH_EoL68AbJ4uyzDg&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhappy%2Bpeople%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D709%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=425&oei=iEe6TKH_EoL68AbJ4uyzDg&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=28&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0&tx=89&ty=69
• http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.webexhibits.org/causesofcolor/images/content/aurora/Cerenkov-radiation-reedZ.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.webexhibits.org/causesofcolor/4BA.html&usg=__YikslzShiAZraiyaviJbWTzj8Qo=&h=501&w=364&sz=19&hl=en&start=56&sig2=p_JKwYViOQUm4NUaRugL3Q&zoom=1&tbnid=hpBinflLZKR44M:&tbnh=129&tbnw=85&ei=qke6TLGwM4P_8AaQq62nCw&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dradiation%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D709%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:10,1203&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=427&vpy=306&dur=423&hovh=226&hovw=164&tx=94&ty=166&oei=pEe6TPuBCYiq8Aaa3bwP&esq=3&page=3&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:16,s:56&biw=1280&bih=709
• http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.operationrelief.com/sites/rcross/uploads/images/Military2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.operationrelief.com/auction-items/m.ccatalog/21/view/4&usg=__ewt1wS2OHoQelMeCtX5g2-ToHiI=&h=400&w=600&sz=200&hl=en&start=0&sig2=yn6aCjgM2hCrXOtI3eWvyA&zoom=1&tbnid=-8RG-wBUCqa2zM:&tbnh=122&tbnw=163&ei=w0e6TOLUC4L78Aa79fWjDg&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmilitary%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D709%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=352&oei=w0e6TOLUC4L78Aa79fWjDg&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=25&ved=1t:429,r:6,s:0&tx=119&ty=91
• http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/05/sci_nat_iter___the_next_generation_fusion_reactor/img/2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/05/sci_nat_iter___the_next_generation_fusion_reactor/html/2.stm&usg=__NthdpAJBYuDDO8qrENUf4bwdxCg=&h=300&w=300&sz=14&hl=en&start=0&sig2=jQZFiWUSW8gGnj1h4s4afA&zoom=1&tbnid=snU7uPDsocrZ6M:&tbnh=136&tbnw=137&ei=3Ee6TK9og_nwBrnUucgO&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnuclear%2Bfusion%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D709%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=386&oei=3Ee6TK9og_nwBrnUucgO&esq=1&p
• http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://press.web.cern.ch/livefromcern/antimatter/imageHomeEn/EtoM.jpg&imgrefurl=http://press.web.cern.ch/livefromcern/antimatter/&usg=__hAotCTU6Qwg7boGD0smhAWHmpb0=&h=273&w=327&sz=9&hl=en&start=0&sig2=Zg1z2d9UzSSX8WR8A_Joig&zoom=1&tbnid=avzbxsU4eXQMdM:&tbnh=125&tbnw=149&ei=9Ue6TJX7O4P68Aau6YTFDg&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dantimatter%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D709%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=255&vpy=111&dur=395&hovh=139&hovw=167&tx=106&ty=104&oei=9Ue6TJX7O4P68Aau6YTFDg&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=28&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0age=1&ndsp=19&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0&tx=60&ty=51
• http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bath.ac.uk/internal/bio-sci/Images/image18.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.bath.ac.uk/internal/bio-sci/bbsafe/lab3_3.htm&usg=__2afpITFoJLVUxOCSaVpnAAl87nM=&h=391&w=448&sz=5&hl=en&start=0&sig2=ChYmDyafzreajFfZBbM_PQ&zoom=1&tbnid=S1KllvsyRtNSJM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=172&ei=i0i6TMT9MoP58AaF05nIDg&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dradiation%2Bhazard%2Bsymbols%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D709%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=289&oei=i0i6TMT9MoP58AaF05nIDg&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=18&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0&tx=52&ty=68http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.hayadan.org.il/images/content3/2010/07/unicerse_of_particles.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.hayadan.org.il/top-quark-found-in-cern-2507105/&usg=__OLUS2BmNAuB6lOnaS2zctZ-iKAQ=&h=1077&w=1615&sz=141&hl=en&start=9&sig2=PgJD2kM3BCxnYemDkatqzA&zoom=1&tbnid=0w41PhM0ujBONM:&tbnh=100&tbnw=150&ei=wEi6TJSKCMOB8gaLldXIDg&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dunicerse%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26gbv%3D2%26nfpr%3D1%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D666%26tbs%3Disch:1&itbs=1
• http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.aboutmyplanet.com/files/2009/01/solar_panel.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.aboutmyplanet.com/alternative-energy/solar-panels-2/&usg=__SLWGK35-XiwA8ZUPj-goR6J6MFY=&h=320&w=430&sz=20&hl=en&start=0&sig2=aHcJ6jUVl1175YE9F5UC3Q&zoom=1&tbnid=nD5RH4WLG9tScM:&tbnh=124&tbnw=146&ei=JUm6TI-hOcL78Aby_u2tDg&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsolar%2Bpanel%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D709%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=689&oei=JUm6TI-hOcL78Aby_u2tDg&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=28&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0&tx=102&ty=65
• http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.teacherscop15.dk/themes/co2-neutral-society/lp1/pictures/windmill1-292.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.teacherscop15.dk/themes/co2-neutral-society/lp1/wind.html&usg=__xVXOWCM8jRurppC434aHHmsM_NI=&h=437&w=292&sz=58&hl=en&start=29&sig2=-zM_64oxTCXOS8IWQiQ3xQ&zoom=1&tbnid=1mLnrRF22bP4CM:&tbnh=126&tbnw=84&ei=ckm6TJO1Nc6s8Aam1d28Dg&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwindmill%2Bpower%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D709%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1&itbs=1
