Nuclear Energy

Is Nuclear Energy Justified and should it be expanded?

Can it replace Fossil fuels?What ways can we reduce the wastes

produced in the reactor core.How can uranium be separated from

Plutonium?

AIM:• Storage of Nuclear Wastes• To Reduce wastes of radioactive contamination.• To create and design a suitable waste Storage.

Potential Problem

Cost of constructionStorage facilities

Nuclear Wastes are produced in many different ways: Wastes created as a result of radioactive contamination Wastes produced as a by product of uranium enrichment.• Radioactive Isotopes with long half lives tend to be alpha

and beta emitters.

Spent Fuel Rod

Print master

Beta DecayBeta Decay is the process in which an electron or neutronIs emitted from an atom

The Splitting of an atom of uranium 235 in the reactor of aNuclear plant produces two to three neutrons and thoseNeutrons can be absorbed by uranium 238 to produce plutonium.

The fission of one atom of plutonium 239Generates 207.1 MegaV.

When an atom of U-238 is exposed to Neutron radiation, it produce U-239, thenIt undergoes beta decays then produceNeptunium then plutonium.

Mechanism

Plutonium

n+ 238U 239U 239Np+ e- + Ve-

239Np 239Pu + e- +Ve-

Uranium Metal

2U + 3H2 2UH3

Types of storage

Deep geological storage

Cost of construction is 40

million dollars

Potential Storage areas in Nigeria

Obudu, but its already used for tourist center

Chappal Waddi in Taraba State

Country Facility name Location Geology Depth Status

Belgium

HADES Underground Research Facility

Mol Plastic clay 223 m

in operation 1982

Canada

AECL Underground Research Laboratory

Pinawa Granite 420 m 1990-2006[

Japan

Horonobe Underground Research Lab

HoronobeSedimentary rock

500 munder construction[8]

Japan

Mizunami Underground Research Lab

Mizunami Granite 1000 munder construction[

Dry Cask StorageDry cask storage is a method of storing high-level radioactive, such as spent nuclear fuel that has already been cooled in the spent fuel pool for at least one year. When inside, the fuel rods are surrounded by gases.. Each cylinder is surrounded by additional steel, concrete, to provide radiation shielding to workers and members of the public. Some of the cask designs can be used for both storage and transportation. Companies Holtec Intl, NAC Intl. and Areva.

Cost 25 million dollars for two hundred Cylinders

Solutions By Doyin• The radioactive isotope i.e.

plutonium can be recycled back into the reactor.

• Still Investigating> Disposal in outer space.

• The waste should be mixed with broken Glass material to solidify the wastes.

• Under ground storage facilities close to the nuclear power plant site.

THANK YOU!!!........