NUTRITION & PARKINSON’S DISEASE

Laurie K Mischley, NDBastyr University

University of Washington

Seattle Integrative Medicine

NOT A DIET!

Not a trend, fad, or other temporary alteration

GOALS: Become Informed Understand consequences of your actions Make wiser decisions tomorrow than you made yesterday

WHAT IS NUTRITION?

Latin: to nourish

We think of ourselves as self-contained separate from our environment

Me I Environment

“NO MAN IS AN ISLAND, ENTIRE OF ITSELF;”JOHN DONNE,

ENGLISH POET

Nutrition is the study of the inter-dependence between health and the environment.

NUTRIENTS

Are the things provided by the environment, that encourage, support, and sustain function.

i.e. gas, oil in a car.

Environment:

Sunlight provides vitamin D

Gut bugs provide immunomodulation

Food provides vitamins, minerals

NUTRIENTS

Macro: Fat, Protein, Carbohydrate, (Alcohol)

Micro: Vitamins

B-vits, Vit C, Vit A, Vit D, etc.

Minerals Ca, Mg, K, I, Li, Na, Mn, …. (not all minerals are nutrients)

Accessory: Co-Q10, carnitine, cholesterol, …

Prospective, Observational Studies

(don’t tell about treating disease)

THAT WHICH PREVENTS…

PROTECTIVE AGAINST PD (THE PRUDENT DIET) High intakes of:

Fruit Vegetables Legumes (beans) Whole grains (rice, quinoa) Nuts Fish Poultry

Low intake of: Saturated fat (cream, red

meat, pork)

Moderate intake of: Alcohol

Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86:1486-1494

WHAT FOODS WEREN’T PROTECTIVE?

PRUDENT DIET

High intakes of: Fruit, Vegetables Legumes/ Nuts Whole grains Fish Poultry

Moderate alcohol Limited saturated fat

WESTERN DIET

High intakes of: Red meat Processed meat Refined grains French fries Desserts & sweets High fat dairy products

DAIRY

Nurses’ Health Study (121000) & Health Professional Follow-up Study (51000)

1.8x risk

Honolulu Heart Program (7500 men) 2.3x risk

American Cancer Society’s Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort (57000 men, 73000 women)

Up to 1.8x risk

WHAT CONSTITUTES DAIRY?

Milk, butter, cheese, cream, half & half, ice cream, sour cream, cottage cheese, cream cheese, yogurt, frozen yogurt, whey protein

Individuals who consume 3-6 servings of dairy per day have 60-80% greater risk of developing PD than those who rarely or

never consume it.

RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES

TEA (GREEN & BLACK)

Consumption of 3+ cups/ day of tea delayed motor symptom onset by 7.7 years.

Kandinov B, et al. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009;15(1):41-6

But what if I already have the disease.?

INTERVENTION STUDIES

IF YOUR BELLY IS BIGGER THAN YOUR HIPS…

THIS ONE’S FOR YOU.Calorie Restriction American’s tend to: Eat too much Eat for reasons other than to nourish

CR is typically defined as 10-25% fewer calories than the average Western diet.

CR CLINICAL TRIALS

Rhesus monkeys (Maswood N, et al) Natl Inst Aging 30% CR x 6 mo prior to MPTP Controls

Both groups showed symptoms after MPTP At 6 months:

Significantly fewer symptoms in the CR group

Significantly increased concentrations of GDNF

Increased survival of DA neurons (not stat sig)

Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004;101:18171-76

GOAL- CONCENTRATE NUTRIENTS

Macro == calories Fat, Protein, Carbohydrate, (Alcohol)

Micro: Vitamins

B-vits, Vit C, Vit A, Vit D, etc. Minerals:

Ca, Mg, K, I, Li, Na, Mn, etc. Accessory:

Co-Q10, carnitine, cholesterol, etc.

NUTRIENT DENSE FOODS:

Nutrient- Dense Foods (usually bright colors)

Kale, spinach, chard Carrots, beets, Tomatoes Broccoli Berries, cherries Salmon, sardines, herring Eggs

NOT nutrient-dense Donuts Potato chips French fries Bread Pasta Soda Candy, sweets Fast food Ice cream

INCREASE DIETARY ANTIOXIDANTS (ORAC)

Pinto beans 11864 Red kidney 13259 Small red 13727 Blueberry 10000 Cranberry 8983 Artichoke hearts 7900 Walnuts 3846 Hazelnuts 2739

Whole grain bread 398 Popcorn 157 Ketchup 6

DHA (FISH OIL)

Anti-inflammatory, in general Reduces dyskinesias

Ann Neurol 2006;59:282–288

A FEW WORDS ABOUT SUPPLEMENTS:

Purity Potency Access Cost (vs. Prescriptions) Insurance coverage Benefit vs. Risk

THANKS!

WA APDA Kadlec Neurological Resource Center Teva