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Focus on NY ELA Skills for Reading Comprehension, Grammar, Listening, & Writing

………….. NY ELA Test Success Series Grade Levels 3–8 The NY Test Success Series consist of 4 books to focus on specific skills on the NY ELA Test. Each title is purchased separately.

• NY Higher-Order Thinking and Reading Skills Long reading passages with higher-order thinking questions

• NY Listening Literary and informational listening passages (read by the teacher) with multiple-choice and extended-response questions

• NY Grammar, Punctuation, & Word Usage Skill review and multiple-choice practice assessments and extended-response questions

• NY Reading and Writing Reading passages with short- and extended-response questions

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GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, AND WORD USAGE • LEVEL D

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Table of Contents

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Part A: Review

PunctuationLessons 1–4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Grammar and Word UsageLessons 1–7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Part B: Multiple-Choice Practice

Session 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

Session 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

Session 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

Part C: Practice for the NY ELA Test

Strand by Strand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48The Elements of a Complete Sentence . . . . . . . . . . . .48Subject-Verb Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50Capitalization and Punctuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52Combining of Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54Separation of Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

All Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58


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Introduction

Test Success Series: Grammar, Punctuation & Word Usage prepares students to answerthe multiple-choice questions assessing grammar, punctuation, and word usage onthe NY ELA Tests.

Part A

In Part A, you will complete lessons in grammar, punctuation, and word usage. At the end of each set of lessons you will complete a review.

Part B

In Part B, you will read passages with embedded errors. Students then answermultiple-choice questions to indicate appropriate corrections.

Part C

In Part C, Strand by Strand covers each of the five strands individually. For eachstrand, students answer five multiple-choice questions testing the skill.

All Together covers all of the strands together. Section 2 contains ten questions for each of the strands, but the questions are mixed together. Students answer 50 multiple-choice questions testing all of the skills needed for the writingmechanics section of the NY ELA Tests.

Part C only includes multiple-choice questions. Each question offers four possibleanswer choices. Students should review the questions and four choices carefullyand select the answer they think is best. There is no penalty for guessing, so evenif students are not certain of the correct answer, they should always pick one.


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Part APunctuation Lessons

Grammar and Word Usage Lessons


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PunctuationLesson 1

Step One: Instruction

Periods

End most sentences with a period.

For example: The school day will start late because it is still snowing.Many fifth graders earn an allowance for helping around the house.

Use a period to abbreviate titles, months, days of the week, times of day, and units of measure.

For example: Ms. Mr. Feb. Tues. a.m. p.m. tsp. oz.

Question Marks

End a sentence that asks a question with a question mark.

For example: Have you written tonight’s homework in your notebook?Can you tell me what time it is?

Exclamation Points

Some sentences show strong feelings or surprise. End these sentences with anexclamation point.

For example: That horror movie was too scary for my little sister!Wow, I didn’t know Miguel was having a party!


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Step Two: Practice

DirectionsLook at the following sentences. If the sentence is punctuated correctly, writeOK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake.Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you.

1. Where do you go to school? OK

2. The movie begins at 9 pm tonight

3. I can’t believe they went without me.

4. Mrs Thomas made fudge brownies for the bake sale.

5. He was born on Sept 10, 1996.

6. Doctors say you should drink 64 oz. of water every day.

7. “Lilo and Stitch” is my all-time favorite movie?

8. I will be out of town until Mon, November 7, 2005.

9. The cat belongs to our neighbors down the street!

10. My teacher’s name is Mr. Phillips.


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PunctuationLesson 2


Commas – Part I

Follow words that are exclamations with a comma. You can add a word to thebeginning of a sentence to show a feeling, like surprise. These words are oftencalled an exclamation.

For example: Wow, I was really tired!Yes, I would like to go shopping.

Separate phrases with a comma. Writers sometimes add a group of words beforethe sentence to make their writing more interesting. These words are known as phrases.

For example: During the storm, we stayed in the car.Before the test, we cleaned our desks and sharpened our pencils.

Use a comma before and after a word or phrase that renames or gives moreinformation about a noun. A noun is a person, place, or thing.

For example: The mayor, Mr. Herman, visited our school.In our city, Chicago, we have one of the tallest buildings in the world.

Use a comma to separate a direct quotation from the person who is speaking.

For example: “I asked you to mop the floor,” Dad said.Elizabeth asked, “Where is the pencil sharpener?”


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Step Two: Practice


1. My older sister Linda goes to college in New York.

2. After the game we all went out for pizza.

3. No, I did not take your science textbook.

4. “Time is up! Put your pencils down” said Mrs. Ross.

5. Wait you forgot your lunch!

6. Lindsay asked “How did the movie end?”

7. Our dance instructor, Ms. Klein, studied in France.

8. Before the show we hung out at Matt’s house.

9. Please let’s get this finished.

10. Our city New York is home to Central Park.


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PunctuationLesson 3


Commas – Part II

End the greeting and closing of a letter with a comma.

For example: Dear Uncle Carlos,

Please visit us soon. We miss you!

Love,Rebecca

Use a comma to separate the date from the year.

For example: February 12, 1999

Use a comma to separate cities from states.

For example: Dallas, Texas

Use a comma to separate cities from countries.

For example: London, England

If there are three or more words in a series, separate each word with a comma.

For example: My brother can drive, walk, or bike to work.

Use a comma to separate two or more adjectives used in a row. Adjectives arewords that are used to describe nouns.

For example: The street fair was a colorful, crowded place.

Use a comma and a connecting word to put two sentences together. Thesesentences are known as compound sentences. You must follow the first sentencewith the comma and the connecting word.

For example: I wanted to feed the cat, but I could not find her.


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Step Two: Practice


1. To get downtown you can ride a bike, drive a car, or walk. OK

2. The fluffy pink scarf was wrapped around her neck

3. Can you come to my party on April 15 2006?

4. My grandfather lives in Toledo Ohio.

5. Julie wanted to go to the movies but she had to clean her

room first.

6. I went for a vacation to Paris France.

7. There are carrots tomatoes and onions in the salad.

8. Outside it was a bright sunny day.

9. Tom plays basketball and he is a good student.

10. The letter was signed, “Love Grandma.”


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PunctuationLesson 4


Apostrophes

Use an apostrophe to form a contraction. A contraction is formed when you puttwo words together. The contraction takes the place of the missing letters.

For example: has not = hasn’tThe apostrophe takes the place of the missing “o.”

he will = he’llThe apostrophe takes the place of the missing “w” and “i.”

Add an apostrophe plus an “s” to show possession. Possessive nouns showownership of a person, place, or thing.

For example: The piano belongs to Marcie.Marcie’s piano is large and brown.

The book belongs to Randy.The teacher told me to borrow Randy’s book.

To show that more than one person owns something, put the apostrophe after theletter “s.”

For example: Her sisters’ names were Sherri, Terri, and Mary.The stores’ hours are 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.

Quotation Marks

Use quotation marks before and after a direct quote. When ending a sentence witha quotation mark, put the period inside the quotation mark.

For example: Joy said, "It's too rainy to go to the park."


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STEP ONE: INSTRUCTION

Question marks should be placed outside the quotation mark except when thequestion mark is part of the quoted matter.

For example: Have you read the poem “Where the Sidewalk Ends”?Janie asked the principal "What time does the pep rallybegin?"

Exclamation points should be placed outside the quotation mark except when theexclamation point is part of the quoted matter.

For example: I was so surprised when she said, “I have to leave early”!“But I want to play outside!” said Tony.

Use quotation marks around the titles of songs, works of art, articles, and poems.

For example: We sing “The Star-Spangled Banner” each morning at school.

“Starry, Starry Night” is just one of the many paintings in the museum.

I read “Seven Ways to Get a Good Night’s Sleep” in the newspaper.

“The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere” is his favorite poem.

Hyphens

Use a hyphen to spell out fractions or numbers greater than 20.

For example: �12

� = one-half

33 = thirty-three

174 = one hundred seventy-four

Colons

When writing the time, use a colon to separate the hour from the minutes.

For example: School usually starts at 7:30 a.m., but it will start at 11:50 a.m. today.


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Step Two: Practice


1. My sister is twenty-two years old. OK

2. We sang Jingle Bells at the Christmas concert.

3. Lisas hair is long and blonde.

4. Jack is onehalf the size of his older brother.

5. My dad left for work at 930.

6. The students desks were out of order.

7. He said, “Let’s go to the baseball game”.

8. His mom hasnt gone to the store.

9. Shell have to go to the dentist soon.

10. The house was built sixty seven years ago.


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Grammar & Word UsageLesson 1


Subject-Verb Agreement

When you use a singular subject, use the singular form of the verb that goes withit. To make the verb singular, you will usually add an “s” to the end of it.

For example: Elizabeth plays the game well.

When you use two or more subjects, use the plural form of the verb that goes withthem. To do that, you will usually omit an “s” from the end of the verb.

For example: The girls play the game well.Elizabeth and Amy play the game well.

Note that the word “you” is an exception to this rule. “You” can be singular orplural, but always use a plural verb with it.

For example: You play the game well, too.

Some verbs, such as “am,” “has,” and “was,” change form when they are plural.

For example: I am a good student.They are good students.He has good grades.They have good grades.She was the top student.They were the top students.


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Step Two: Practice

DirectionsLook at the following sentences. If the sentence uses correct grammar, write OKbeside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake. Thenwrite the correction above it. The first one has been done for you.

1. The girls hashave

a lot of homework to do.

2. Yesterday, Jim study his lines for the play.

3. The Boy Scouts go camping in the summer.

4. She speak well in front of large groups of people.

5. Jackie and Brian hopes to get a new pet this year.

6. I are a quarterback on the football team.

7. They was excited about going to the movies.

8. Mom and Dad tells us to go to bed.

9. After the tag, she throws the ball back to the pitcher.

10. Joan paint pictures of the people she knows.


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Verb Tense

If you are writing about an event that is happening now, use the present tense of the verb.

For example: My little sister plays with her dolls.

If you are writing about an event that has already happened, use the past tense ofthe verb. To make most verbs past tense, add “ed” to the end of the verb.

For example: My little sister played with her dolls yesterday.

When using some verbs in the past tense, double the last letter before adding “ed.”

For example: Now they stop by only once a week, but last month they stopped by every day.

Note that some verbs are irregular and change form completely to make the past tense.

For example: Today I can take just a hat, but yesterday I took an umbrella.I think I need only a hat today, but yesterday I thought Ineeded an umbrella.

To, Too, and Two

Use the correct tense of the word “to.”“To” shows movement toward someone or something.“Too” means also.“Two” is the number 2.

For example: Let’s go to the ballgame today.Are you coming too?My bike has two wheels.


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Step Two: Practice


1. Paul playplayed

on the soccer team in high school.

2. He sent a birthday card to his grandmother last week.

3. On Tuesday, she ride her bike to the picnic.

4. Our mom take a trip to Peru last year.

5. Dylan run in a big race two weeks ago.

6. Yesterday, we fold the laundry for our parents.

7. Our brother baked an apple pie for Thanksgiving.

8. The dog bark at the cars that drove by the house.

9. Bill and Bobby will go two the show this afternoon.

10. The doctor calls to check on his patient.


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Comparative Forms of Adjectives

To compare two people, places, or things, add the letters “er” to the end of theadjective if the adjective has one syllable.

For example: Jack can jump higher than Jill.

When you compare two people, places, or things, use the word “more” with theadjective if the adjective has three or more syllables.

For example: Jill is more interested in sports than Jack.

When you compare three or more people, places, or things, add the letters “est” tothe end of the adjective if the adjective has one syllable.

For example: That’s the smallest size they have!

When you compare three or more people, places, or things, use the word “most”with the adjective if the adjective has three or more syllables.

For example: That coat is the most expensive coat in the store.

Pronouns

A pronoun takes the place of a noun (a person, place, or thing). If the originalnoun is singular, the pronoun must be singular. If the original noun is plural, thepronoun must be plural.

For example: Anjani is my friend, and she was born in India.Gaspar and Tom are my best friends, and they live on my block.

Use the correct form of the pronoun “it.”“Its” is the possessive form of “it.”“It’s” is the contraction of “it is.”

For example: It’s going to be a long day.Its hair is short and brown.


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Their, There, and They’re

Use the correct form of the word “their.”“Their” is the possessive form of “them.” “There” is a place.“They’re” is the contraction of “they are.”

For example: Their coats and jackets are hanging on the wall.Let’s move over there.They’re going to meet us at the movies.

Step Two: Practice


1. Tyler is the fastest person on the track team. OK

2. The lion shook it’s mane of hair.

3. They’re mom is going to be the new volleyball coach.

4. This year’s parade is large than the one we had last year.

5. Hannah is the most talented artist in the class.

6. Lilly and Ron are my cousins, and she live in Delaware.

7. This is the mostest fun I have had in a long time!

8. Paula is more big than her little sister, Andy.

9. Trina plays the violin, and she has a recital tomorrow.

10. Its time to put away your book and go to sleep.


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Capitalize the first word of a sentence.

For example: Did you complete your homework assignment?Come over tonight and play basketball!

Capitalize the greeting of a letter (also known as the salutation).Capitalize the closing of a letter.

For example: Dear Kathy,

I’m very anxious to plan our next vacation to Pittsburgh. Aswe discussed, we’ll travel by bus and stay for at least fourdays. We can arrange a sightseeing tour and other activities.Let’s get together soon.

Sincerely,

Yolanda

Capitalize days of the week and months.

For example: Monday JanuaryTuesday FebruaryWednesday MarchThursday AprilFriday MaySaturday JuneSunday July

AugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember


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Step Two: Practice

DirectionsLook at the following sentences. If the sentence is capitalized correctly, writeOK beside the sentence. If it is not correct, draw a line through each mistake.Then write the correction above it. The first one has been done for you.

1. myMy

friend Tim lives on a farm.

2. he went running up the steps.

3. luis got a good grade on his math test.

4. Carla’s birthday is in October.

5. it rains whenever I want to go outside.

6. My birthday is next Monday.

7. candy is given out on Halloween.

8. I think sunday is the best day of the week.

9. Many people like playing the piano.

10. My brother raked leaves on thursday.


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Capitalize the first and last names of people.

For example: Howard BlankmenTina SantosSidhar Jamal

When you talk about yourself, capitalize the letter I.

For example: Linda and I surfed the InternetI searched the Web for the article.

Capitalize the first letter of a person’s title.

For example: Ms. a woman Mrs. a married womanMr. a man Jr. juniorSr. senior Dr. a doctor

Capitalize a person’s initials.

For example: Mr. N. BrunnMrs. J. KissallMs. L.R. Titus

Capitalize words that are used as names.

For example: I played chess with Dad.We went to the store with Grandpa and Grandma.“Did I get any letters?” asked Uncle Paul.

Capitalize the first word in a quotation.

For example: “Who wants some strawberries?” Daisy asked.“Don’t forget your glasses,” Tim said.


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Step Two: Practice


1. My teacher’s name is ms.Ms.

Smith.

2. When the man asked, i said, “My name is Rob.”

3. Will grandpa let me visit today?

4. Mrs. Kate Simmons will be the speaker.

5. “what do you think about that?” asked Missy.

6. Jake’s pet is a turtle named Slowpoke.

7. “Our favorite author is B.f. Jones,” said Joe.

8. Kelly had to visit dr. Williams this morning.

9. Because dad’s name is Tom, my name is Tom, Jr.

10. “ask Mom if we can play in the snow,” my sister said.


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Capitalize the titles of books, movies, magazines, poems, stories, television shows, and songs.

For example: Books: “Harry Potter”Movies: “Star Wars”Magazines: “Time for Kids”Poems: “The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere”Stories: “The Three Little Pigs”Television shows: “American Idol”Songs: “The Star-Spangled Banner”

Capitalize the titles of organizations or groups.

For example: Boy Scouts of AmericaAmerican Cancer SocietyCity Girls’ Choir


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Step Two: Practice


1. Matt likes to sing “America the Beautiful.” OK

2. Nathan watches “american idol” but I don’t like it.

3. Every year, Lee’s parents sing the “happy birthday” song

to her.

4. My neighbor gave some money to the united way group.

5. Have you read any of the “Harry Potter” books?

6. I think the first “star wars” movie was the best.

7. The group known as Farm Aid tries to help American farmers.

8. I enjoyed watching the movie “the lion king.”

9. We laughed at that Broadway play called “the producers.”

10. The best book I read in school this year was

Gary Paulsen’s “Dogsong.”


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Capitalize the names of proper nouns: specific people, places, and things. Someexamples of proper nouns are specific street names, cities, states, countries,continents, oceans, lakes, rivers, mountains, groups of people, languages, historicevents and time periods, holidays, buildings, bridges, and spacecraft.

For example: Specific street names: Balmoral AvenueCities: Glen CoveStates: TexasCountries: United StatesContinents: South AmericaRivers: Mississippi RiverOceans: Indian OceanLakes: Lake MichiganMountains: Appalachian MountainsGroups of people: AmericansLanguages: ChineseHolidays: ThanksgivingBuildings: Empire State BuildingBridges: George Washington BridgeSpacecraft: ChallengerHistoric events and time periods: World War I ,

The Great Depression


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Step Two: Practice


1. My cousin just returned from asiaAsia

.

2. Ben used to live in ohio, but he now lives in Florida.

3. I would love to surf in the pacific ocean.

4. We celebrate Christmas at my grandmother’s house.

5. Sometimes Kim and Tom eat chinese food for dinner.

6. The eiffel tower is nine hundred and eighty-six feet tall.

7. Most of Janice’s family is Irish.

8. My grandfather fought in the korean war.

9. lake erie is a great place for water skiing.

10. John Denver wrote a song about the rocky mountains.


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Part BPractice Answering Multiple-Choice Questions

Session 1Session 2Session 3


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Session 1

DIRECTIONS

Gerald wrote a draft of a short story about a girl getting the perfect pet. Now, he needshelp editing and revising it.

Read Gerald’s draft and use it to answer numbers 1 through 11.

Inez Gets a Pet(1) Inez was allergic to cats, her apartment house didn’t allow dogs, and her

mother thought hamsters and gerbils looked too much like rats. (2) Inez asked for

a bird and Inez thought hard about it and Inez realized that she didn’t like the

idea of putting a bird in a cage. (3) Birds belonged in the sky. (4) Flying free.

(5) I’ll never have a pet of my own, Inez often thought to herself.

(6) One summer day, Inez’s Aunt Grace came for a visit. (7) Grace was nearly

ninety years old, but she was young at Heart. (8) Inez loved it when Grace visited.

(9) Although they were nearly eighty years appart in age, they got along perfectly.

(10) Sometimes they would sit quietly for an hour, with Grace knitting something

beautiful, while Inez read a book Grace had brought her. (11) Then they would

both look up at the same moment and say something – and often they would find

themselves saying the same thing! (12) “Great minds think alike,” Grace would

always say.


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(13) On this visit, Grace had a box with her. (14) She held it carefully against

her body. (15) She held it as if it were breakable. (16) Inez wondered what was in

it. (17) Grace didn’t leave her in suspense for long. (18) As soon as she had put

her suitcase away in the guest room, she came out to the kitchen with the box

and set it on the table.

(19) “Inez, my dear,” Grace said. (20) “I’ve been hearing for years how

much you want a pet of your own. (21) I think i have a solution to your problem.

(22) In this box is a new pet for you. (23) You will not be allergic to it, it doesn’t

look like a rat, and it doesn’t fly.” (24) Grace took the top off the box pulled out a

jar. (25) Inside the jar swam the most colorful fish Inez had ever seen. (26) It was

blue red purple and orange.

(27) Inez could not hide her excitement. (28) “Thank you!” she cried as she

hugged her aunt. (29) “Does my mom know about the pet fish?” (30) She hoped

her mother would not mind.

(31) Just then, Inez’s mother walked into the room. (32) She held a large,

glass bowl full of water. (33) The bowl had pink gravel on the bottom. (34) Inez

liked her favorite color pink the best. (35) Inez and her mother smiled at one

another. (36) At last, Inez had the pet she’d always wanted.


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1 Choose the best topic sentence to addto the beginning of the first paragraph.

A? The pet store was located on MainStreet.

B? Inez wanted a pet more thananything else in the world.

C? Inez sneezed.

D? Inez loved her cousin’s dog, Damien.

2 Read sentence 2. It is poorly written.

Inez asked for a bird and Inezthought hard about it and Inezrealized that she didn’t like theidea of putting a bird in a cage.

Choose the best way to rewrite thissentence.

F? Inez thought hard about it and Inezasked for a bird and Inez didn’t likethe idea of putting a bird in a cage.

G? Inez didn’t like the idea of putting abird in a cage she asked for one andthought hard about it.

H? She asked for a bird but when shethought hard about it, Inez realizedthat she didn’t like the idea ofputting a bird in a cage.

J? Putting a bird in a cage, Inez didn’tlike but she asked for a bird andthought about it hard.

3 Choose the correct way to write theunderlined part of sentence 7.

Grace was nearly ninety years old,but she was young at Heart.

A? At Heart.

B? at heart.

C? At heart.

D? No change is needed.

4 Which one of these is not a completesentence?

F? Flying free.

G? She hoped her mother would notmind.

H? Inez wondered what was in it.

J? “Great minds think alike,” Gracewould always say.


Although they were nearly eightyyears appart in age, they got alongperfectly.

A? aparte

B? apart

C? aparrt



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6 Choose the best way to combine theideas of sentences 14 and 15 into onesentence.

She held it carefully against herbody. She held it as if it werebreakable.

F? She held it carefully breakableagainst her body.

G? She held it carefully held it as if itwere breakable.

H? Her body held it carefully against heras if it were breakable.

J? She held it carefully against her body,as if it were breakable.


I think i have a solution to yourproblem.

A? i think i

B? i think I

C? I think I


8 Which of these is another way to writethe underlined part of sentence 23?

You will not be allergic to it, itdoesn’t look like a rat, and itdoesn’t fly.

F? wont

G? wo’nt

H? won’t

J? wont’

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Grace took the top off the boxpulled out a jar.


A? Grace took the top off pulled jar outof the box.

B? Grace took the top of the box offand pulled out a jar.

C? Grace took the top off of the boxand jar was pulled out.

D? Grace took the jar out the box shehad taken top off of.


It was blue red purple and orange.

F? blue, red, purple and, orange.

G? blue, red, purple, orange.

H? blue, red, purple, and orange.

J? No change is needed.


Inez liked her favorite color pinkthe best.


A? Inez liked pink best out of all thecolors and it was her favorite.

B? Pink was Inez’s favorite color.

C? Inez liked her favorite color best.

D? Pink was the favorite of Inez and theone that she liked best out of all thecolors.


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Session 2

DIRECTIONS

Talia had to write a report about a famous female athlete. So far, she has written a draft.Now, she needs help editing and revising it.

Read Talia’s draft and use it to answer numbers 12 through 21.

Let’s Hear It for the Babe!(1) Plenty of women have won too Olympic gold medals. (2) But can you

count the number who have won medals in seven track and field events and have

set more than five American and world records (3) In fact, how many have been

champions in basketball and golf? (4) Only one woman has done all that! (5) Her

name was Babe Didrikson Zaharias.

(6) Babe’s real name was Mildred when she was born in Port Arthur, Texas,

and loved all types of sports ever since she was young. (7) She got the name

“Babe” because she was so good at playing baseball. (8) The boys she plays with

named her after the famous baseball player, Babe Ruth. (9) He was a great home

run hitter, and so was Babe Didrikson!

(10) In high school, basketball was played by Babe. (11) Later, when

she started working, she played for her company’s team. (12) The team won.

(13) Most of its games. (14) They were voted All-Americans and won the national

championship. (15) Then Babe decided to enter a track and field match. (16) She

was a one-woman team. (17) She entered eight events on her own. (18) In five

events, she won first place. (19) She tied for first place in another and won fourth

place in one. (20) She broke four world records that day.

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(21) She won Olympic gold medals in the javelin throw and the hurdles and

an Olympic silver medal in the high jump. (22) She jumped as high as the woman

who won the gold medal, but Babe went over the bar head first. (23) At the time,

that was against the rules, so the judges had to take points off her score.

(24) When Babe returned to Texas, she began getting paid for playing sports

and doing ads. (25) Then she decided to start playing a sport. (26) Babe won the

second golf tournament she entered!

(27) Babe died on September 27 1956. (28) She was only forty-five years old

but she did many great things in her lifetime. (29) The Associated Press voted her

Woman Athlete of the Year six times and named her Woman of the Half-Century.

(30) She won awards and set records in many different sports. (31) She also

funded a medical clinic and wrote the storey of her life. (32) Babe made it easier

for other women to enter the world of sports.


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Plenty of women have won tooOlympic gold medals.

F? to

G? two

H? tue



But can you count the number whohave won medals in seven trackand field events and have set morethan five American and worldrecords

A? records.

B? records?

C? records!



Babe’s real name was Mildred whenshe was born in Port Arthur, Texas,and loved all types of sports eversince she was young.

What is the best way to rewrite thissentence?

F? Babe’s real name was Mildred. Shewas born in Port Arthur, Texas. Eversince she was young, Babe loved alltypes of sports.

G? Babe’s name was Mildred born inPort Arthur, Texas. She loved sinceshe was young all types of sports.

H? Mildred was Babe’s name when shewas born and loved sports in PortArthur, Texas.

J? She loved all types of sports. BornMildred, Babe was born in PortArthur, Texas.

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The boys she plays with named herafter the famous baseball player,Babe Ruth.

A? playing

B? played

C? player



Babe died on September 27 1956.

F? September, 27, 1956

G? September, 27 1956

H? September 27, 1956


17 Which of the following is not a completesentence?

A? Only one woman has done all that!

B? The team won.

C? Most of its games.

D? She was a one-woman team.

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In high school, basketball wasplayed by Babe.

Choose the best way to rewrite the sentence.

F? Basketball was played by Babe inhigh school.

G? Babe played basketball in high school.

H? Basketball was playing, in highschool, by Babe.

J? Babe, in high school, played basketball.

19 Choose the best topic sentence to addto the beginning of the paragraph thatstarts with sentence 21.

A? Babe entered the 1931 Olympics andwon more medals.

B? Babe broke the rules.

C? Babe did not like to compete.

D? Some people did not think Babe wastalented.

20 Choose the best way to write theunderlined part of sentence 25.

Then she decided to start playing a sport.

F? doing something else.

G? playing a game.

H? playing golf.

J? playing another sport.


She also funded a medical clinicand wrote the storey of her life.

A? storry

B? story

C? storie


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Session 3

DIRECTIONS

Julie has to write a letter to the principal of her new school. She has already written a draft. Now, she needs help editing and revising it.

Read Julie’s draft and use it to answer numbers 22 through 32.

Julie’s Letter(1) Dear Dr. Cannon,

(2) My name is Julie and I just moved here from Atlanta Georgia. (3) I will be

a new fourth grade student at your school this september. (4) Because I must use a

wheelchair, I have a service dog that helps me do things. (5) I know that usually

dogs is not allowed in school. (6) However, service dogs are the exception to

that rule. (7) All service dogs are allowed in public when with a disabled person.

(8) I would like too explain to you what Ginger does for me. (9) So that I can

bring her to school.

(10) Because I cannot get everything I need by myself, it helps to have a

service dog. (11) Many people are familiar with guide dogs, which help the blind.

(12) But there are other types of service dogs, too. (13) Ginger can pull my

wheelchair or carry my things in a backpack. (14) She picks up what I drop and

even helps me open or close doors.

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(15) From the moment I met Ginger as a puppy, I knew she and I would be a

great team. (16) I feel like she can almost read my mind! (17) She always knows

when I need my mom and dad. (18) One time, when I had a cold, I lost my voice.

(19) But Ginger still knew what I needed. (20) All I had to do was point and make

faces and Ginger knew what to do.

(21) She never barks and she is kind to other people. (22) She does sniff

strangers when she is trying to figure out if we should trust them that is a good

thing. (23) She protects me. (24) She always stays right by my side and never gets

in the way.

(25) Please understand that it is important to me to have Ginger join me at

school. (26) She always makes my day more easier. (27) I know that it will be

strange to have a dog here at school. (28) I promise to keep her quiet and she will

stay right by me and she will be next to my wheelchair at all times. (29) I look

forward to introducing you to Ginger next week!

(30) Sincerely.

(31) Julie King


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My name is Julie and I just movedhere from Atlanta Georgia.

F? Atlanta. Georgia.

G? Atlanta, Georgia.

H? Georgia Atlanta.



I know that usually dogs is notallowed in school.

A? dog is

B? dog are

C? dogs are



I would like too explain to youwhat Ginger does for me.

F? to explain too

G? to explain two

H? to explain to



I will be a new fourth gradestudent at your school thisseptember.

A? This September.

B? This september.

C? this September.



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26 Read sentence 17.

She always knows when I need mymom and dad.

Choose the best sentence to add rightafter this sentence.

F? I tell her when to go get them andshe listens and follows my directions.

G? My family loves dogs.

H? My sister is named Rachel.

J? Ginger is yellow with a black noseand green eyes.

27 Choose the best sentence to add rightafter sentence 24.

A? She is the most well-behaved dog inthe world.

B? Ginger is the prettiest dog in theworld.

C? She is poorly-behaved.

D? She is the silliest dog in the world.


She does sniff strangers when sheis trying to figure out if we shouldtrust them that is a good thing.


F? She does sniff strangers. When she istrying to figure out if we should trustthem. That is a good thing.

G? She does sniff strangers when she istrying to figure out if we should trustthem. That is a good thing.

H? To figure out if we should trust themshe sniffs strangers it is a good thing.

J? She does sniff strangers when she istrying. To figure out if we shouldtrust them it is a good thing.

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29 Which one of these is not a completesentence?

A? But there are other types of servicedogs, too.

B? So that I can bring her to school.

C? I look forward to introducing you toGinger next week!

D? However, service dogs are theexception to that rule.


She always makes my day moreeasier.

F? most easier

G? more easiest

H? easier



I promise to keep her quiet and shewill stay right by me and she willbe next to my wheelchair at alltimes.


A? I promise to keep her quiet, by meand be next to my wheelchair.

B? I promise to keep her right by mequiet and she will be next to mywheelchair.

C? I promise to keep her quiet and shewill stay right by my wheelchair at alltimes.

D? She will stay quiet by me by mywheelchair.

32 Choose the correct way to writesentence 30.

Sincerely.

F? Sincerely!

G? Sincerely

H? Sincerely,



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Part CStrand by Strand

All Together

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Section 1: Strand by Strand

Strand 1: The Elements of a Complete Sentence

1 Find the word that best completes the sentence.

Mike rode his bike quickly down the .

A fast

B hill

C raced

D speed

2 Which of these is not a complete sentence?

A Debbie liked to read.

B Read many books each week.

C She liked mystery books the most.

D Debbie often read before going to bed.

3 Find the word or words that best complete the sentence.

The fish around in the tank.

A swam

B animal

C bright and pretty

D this way and that


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A Miss Morgan was a nice lady.

B She lived in a house at the end of the street.

C She owned many cats and dogs.

D She took the dogs walk every day.

5 Find the words that best complete the sentence.

The girls and boys .

A at the school

B got on the bus

C and the teachers

D sitting in class


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Strand 2: Subject-Verb Agreement

6 Choose the word that best completes the sentence.

The train running late.

A is

B are

C will

D were

7 Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

Erin and Rima to school together each morning this week.

A walk

B walks

C has walked

D have walked


The people when the team scores.

A cheer

B cheers

C is cheer

D has cheers


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9 Choose the sentence that is written correctly.

A The kittens are playful.

B There is four kittens.

C The smallest kitten were white.

D The kittens was born last week.


dancing on the stage.

A Juan and I were

B The fourth grade students was

C Annabelle look forward to

D Moira and Kenny is


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Strand 3: Capitalization and Punctuation

11 Choose the answer that shows the correct capitalization.

A Mr. sanders lives next door.

B Alison and Kira are Best Friends.

C Ian Reynolds is a good swimmer.

D The Girl was new at school.

12 Choose the answer that shows the correct punctuation.

A It was dark, but, Joseph had a torch.

B The American flag is red, white, and blue.

C The pie had apples, and pears in it.

D After the sun went down it, got cold.

13 Choose the answer that shows the correct capitalization and punctuation.

A The easter holidays are in April.

B Christmas Day is in December.

C My Father is not working on Boxing Day

D Our family eats turkey on thanksgiving?


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14 Find the sentence that has the correct capital letters.

A We moved houses last Year.

B We are going on vacation in July.

C I read that it might rain on the Weekend.

D I started flute lessons last friday.

15 Choose the sentence that has correct punctuation.

A There was a slight breeze?

B The sun was shining,

C Did you check the weather report.

D Do you think it will rain today?


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Strand 4: Combining of Sentences

16 Which sentence best combines the two sentences?

Leah wanted to play outside.

It was raining.

A Leah wanted to play outside, so it was raining.

B Leah wanted to play outside, and it was raining.

C Leah wanted to play outside, but it was raining.

D Leah wanted to play outside, then it was raining.


My dog Buster has shaggy fur.

My dog Buster has a short tail.

A My dog Buster has a shaggy short fur and tail.

B My dog Buster has shaggy fur and a short tail.

C My dog Buster has shaggy and short fur and tail.

D My dog Buster has shaggy fur and my dog Buster has a short tail.


The car drove down our street.

The car stopped in front of our house.

A The car drove down our street or stopped in front of our house.

B The car drove down our street yet stopped in front of our house.

C The car drove down our street but stopped in front of our house.

D The car drove down our street and stopped in front of our house.


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19 Choose the best way to combine the two sentences.

Jordan woke up early.

Jordan went for a run.

A Jordan woke up and went for a run early.

B Jordan woke up early and went for a run.

C Jordan went for a run and woke up early.

D Jordan woke up and went for a run, early.


Sophie went for a drive.

Sophie went with Adam.

A Sophie, went for a drive, and went with Adam.

B Sophie went for a drive, and she went with Adam, too.

C Sophie went for a drive and she went with Adam.

D Sophie went for a drive with Adam.


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Strand 5: Separation of Sentences

21 Which sentence contains two complete thoughts and should be written as two sentences?

A Last week, I went fishing with my uncle.

B I like most soups, but I don’t like pea and ham soup.

C Even though I like camping, I decided to stay home.

D The hiking was a lot of fun, it was hard work.


A The dog raced around the block, he was fast.

B Next time, I’ll ride my bike instead of walking.

C Of all the friends I have, Calvin is my best friend.

D Without Karen’s help, I would not have finished my homework.


A Since I met him, Jonah has been very kind.

B After we went to the movies, we had dinner.

C I would like to go horse riding, but I am a little scared.

D The book was a great read, it was very funny.


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24 Which sentence contains two complete thoughts and should be written as twosentences?

A The pencil is sharp, Roy sharpened it.

B When Lorna was young, she liked doing ballet.

C Next week, the bookstore will be closed.

D The house was old, and it was starting to fall apart.


A Next year, the parade will be even bigger.

B The author was funny, the book was very good.

C After walking for hours, we stopped for a rest.

D Oranges usually have seeds, but some oranges don’t.


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Section 2: All Together

1 Choose the answer that shows the correct capitalization.

A I cheered when mikey scored a goal.

B Anna can speak some italian.

C The White House is a famous building.

D The Brooklyn bridge has been in many movies.


A I wasn’t sure which way to go, so I asked a lady for help.

B Since I was young, I have always enjoyed reading.

C Last night, I sat outside and stared up at the stars.

D It was a good plan, it didn’t work out quite right.


I had an apple for lunch.

I also had a sandwich for lunch.

A I had an apple and a sandwich for lunch.

B I had for lunch an apple and a sandwich also.

C I had an apple and had a sandwich for lunch.

D I had an apple for lunch and also a sandwich for lunch.


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The students learning how to do a tap dance.

A is

B are

C was

D have

5 Find the word that best completes the sentence.

Emily her teacher a question.

A asked

B class

C said

D smart


A I guessed it was about noon, and I was right.

B My birthday is in June, my sister’s is in July.

C After dinner, we decided to play board games.

D My friends liked the movie, but I didn’t.


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Anton would like a bike for his birthday.

Anton would like a skateboard for his birthday too.

A Anton would like a bike and a skateboard for his birthday.

B Anton would like a bike for his birthday and a skateboard.

C Anton would like a bike and a skateboard for his birthday too.

D Anton would like a bike and a skateboard too for his birthday.

8 Find the word or words that best complete the sentence.

The present had a bow on it.

A shine

B tying

C small gold

D in a knot

9 Choose the answer that shows the correct capitalization and punctuation.

A Ann read a poem called “Last night.”

B The novel “Animal Farm” was written by George Orwell.

C I enjoyed reading the short story “my gift.”

D Cooking Today is a good magazine for young cooks.


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The shirt was too large for Adam.

He will grow into it.

A The shirt was too large for Adam, or he will grow into it.

B The shirt was too large for Adam, but he will grow into it.

C The shirt was too large for Adam, and he will grow into it.

D The shirt was too large for Adam, then he will grow into it.


Theo likes to cakes and pies.

A bake

B bakes

C has baked

D will bake


A “Wait for me,” he yelled.

B “Can I get a lift home,” Jordan asked.

C “It is getting late, Leon said.”

D “Look out” cried Chan!”


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A Lions can run fast, but they are not the fastest animal.

B A zebra looks similar to a horse, zebras have stripes.

C Of all the animals in Africa, giraffes are the tallest.

D To keep cool, elephants put mud on their skin.


The cat crawled into its basket.

The cat fell asleep.

A The cat crawled into its basket fell asleep.

B The cat crawled into its basket and fell asleep.

C The cat crawled into and fell asleep in its basket.

D The cat crawled and fell asleep and into its basket.


A Kai made a snowman in the morning.

B Then the sun came out.

C The snowman started to melt.

D Gone by the afternoon.


The children choir practice twice a week.

A is

B are

C has

D have


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I think it will rain tomorrow.

My brother does not agree.

A I think it will rain tomorrow, so my brother does not agree.

B I think it will rain tomorrow, for my brother does not agree.

C I think it will rain tomorrow, but my brother does not agree.

D I think it will rain tomorrow, and my brother does not agree.


A Allie woke up early.

B Smell pancakes cooking.

C She raced down the stairs.

D Her breakfast tasted great.


A I bought a new pair of shoes, they were too tight.

B This winter, I would like to learn how to ski.

C I liked Mrs. Green, so I wanted to be in her class.

D I read my short story to the class, and they liked it.


A Its getting late.

B That’s a nice shirt.

C I was’nt sure what to do.

D Louis cant’ sing very well.


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The sound of the bird sometimes up everyone.

A wake

B wakes

C waking

D is waking


A There was a storm in the afternoon.

B Marco saw lightning.

C Thought he heard thunder.

D Rain and hail fell from the sky.


A What time does the zoo open.

B The elephant was huge!

C There were many animals to see?

D We had a great day out


A Before I left, I checked that I had everything.

B This year, my brother turns seven.

C We asked if we could play outside, Mom said it was too cold.

D I squeezed fresh lemon juice, and it tasted great.


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The clothes on the line quickly if it is sunny.

A dries

B will dry

C had dried

D have dried


A The grocery store busy.

B Georgia had to wait in line.

C She finally got served.

D Georgia was glad to get home.


starting to feel tired.

A The runners is

B The young child were

C The parents think that the baby are

D Graham, Lisa, and Pedro were

28 Choose the sentence that has the correct capital letters.

A It gets very cold here during Winter.

B I only started reading the book Yesterday.

C I usually get a lift to school on Wednesdays.

D Toni posted the letter Last Friday.


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A I waited over an hour for my friend, but then I went home.

B After finishing the puzzle, Martina felt good.

C Cleo baked a pumpkin pie, it was delicious.

D Even though it was raining, Raul went to the beach.

30 Choose the best way to combine the sentences.

The rabbit ran across the field.

The rabbit jumped into the bushes.

A The rabbit ran and jumped across the field and into the bushes.

B The rabbit ran and jumped into the bushes across the field.

C The rabbit ran across the field and jumped into the bushes.

D The rabbit ran across and jumped into the bushes and the field.


The vanilla cake .

A pink icing on it

B made by Miss Potter

C in the fridge

D tasted great


A The map were hard to understand.

B Charlie and Anna was lost.

C The map did not help them at all.

D They finally had to asks someone for help.


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A Sean is studying science?

B Sean’s mother thinks he studies too hard.

C How does Sean feel about studying!

D He goes to school every day,


Katie had her hair cut.

Marina cut Katie’s hair.

A Katie had her hair cut by Marina.

B Katie had her hair cut and Marina.

C Katie had her hair cut Marina.

D Katie by Marina had her hair cut.


A Tomorrow after music class, we are going to go for lunch.

B Of all the rivers in the world, the Nile is the longest.

C Clayton bought three pairs of jeans, but he took one back.

D The tennis player was very good, she won the game.


Dane waited for the bus .

A with his friend

B bored and annoyed

C running late

D long time


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A The curtains in the dining room are new.

B The table have been in the family for years.

C The chairs are nice but they does not match.

D The painting on the wall do add some color.


Raj went to the park.

Raj went ice skating.

A Raj went ice skating in the park.

B Raj went to the park, ice skating.

C Raj went to the park, and Raj went ice skating.

D Raj, went to the park, and ice skating there.


A Dani bought a book from the online store amazon.

B Simon put on his Nike running shoes.

C Corey’s Computer was made by Acer.

D Pia loves drinking Strawberry Milkshakes.


A You can take a train to Boston, or you can fly to Boston.

B Benny woke up early, it was a school day.

C In the afternoon, there was a thunderstorm.

D After buying a new dress, Sandy got a new haircut.


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A Troy and Erin went to the park.

B They played football together.

C Troy practiced throwing and catching.

D Had a lot of fun that day.


Graham got out the plates.

Graham put the plates on the table.

A Graham got out the plates and put they on the table.

B Graham got out the plates and put us on the table.

C Graham got out the plates and put it on the table.

D Graham got out the plates and put them on the table.


A On the last lap of the race, Steven took the lead.

B Richard called his mother, but his mother wasn’t home.

C Of all the cities in the world, Paris is my favorite.

D The football flew high in the air, it went over the fence.


A The stove are very hot.

B Steven know not to touch it.

C Steven’s brothers are not old enough to know.

D Steven have to watch his brothers carefully.


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A The school basketball team is called the Ravens.

B Kylie baked a fresh Apple Pie.

C Aunt cindy visits us often.

D The people on the Boat look happy.


The vase on the table .

A and the candlesticks

B a dozen lovely roses

C toppled over

D in the dining room


A Grandpa is going fishing in the morning.

B Henry and Kim is hoping to go with him.

C Grandpa’s fishing gear are ready.

D The fishing bait are in the freezer.


The runner was very good.

The runner had not won a race.

A The runner was very good, so she had not won a race.

B The runner was very good, yet she had not won a race.

C The runner was very good, or she had not won a race.

D The runner was very good, nor she had not won a race.


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A After dinner, Joe and Emily watched a movie.

B Ewan ran around the block twice, Ewan felt tired.

C Freda wanted to see a movie, so she called her friend.

D Last month, the store hired two new people.


A Waynes’ bag is heavy.

B The dogs bed is in the corner.

C Jasmine’s room is messy.

D The friend’s walked to the park.


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ISBN 978-1-4204-5571-7

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NYC-Grammar-D