NYDIS Training Curriculum Operations Module 2

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OPERATIONS MODULED I S A S T E R C H A P L A I N S

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NYDIS Training CurriculumOperations Module 2

Trajectory of Interventions

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Objectives (1)

In this module you will:

Review the disaster continuum and identify its separate phase

Categorize and group the emotional phases of disaster with the disaster phases

Identify appropriate interventions for each emotional phase

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Objectives (2) Apply PCAID in all the emotional

phases within the disaster continuum

Lead an intervention that builds on hope based on prior experience in coping with in adversity

Work together with others as a team to provide appropriate interventions in each stage of the disaster continuum.

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First Objective: Review

What are the phases of a disaster?Pre-Disaster/Warning

PreparationMitigation

Impact/RescueShort-Term Recovery

AftermathRelief

Long-Term Recovery/Reconstruction

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Second Objective: Emotional Phases

What are the emotional phases of a disaster?

Fight/Flight/Freeze Fear/Shock/Relief Heroic/Honeymoon Disillusionment Working though grief Trigger Events/Anniversaries Acceptance/Adjustment

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Effect of Disasters on Individuals and Communities: Review

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Third Objective: Appropriate InterventionsWhat interventions would you do? The remaining members of the

class divide up to create equal numbers at each easel and then each add an intervention for the emotional phase associated with the disaster phase written at their easel.

Consultation with members of your team is encouraged!

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Mini-Review The purpose of Emotional and

Spiritual Care is to help those affected draw upon their own emotional and spiritual resources in the midst of their pain.

Our goal is not necessarily to take away their grief, but to help them work through their grief.

Disaster Spiritual Care, Roberts & Ashley, Eds., p. xvii

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Photograph: Missing Persons 2 by Keith Tyler

Facing view of missing-person flyers outside NYU’s Greenberg Hall, one of many impromptu displays throughout Manhattan, September 18, 2001.

Impact/Rescue: World Trade Center Missing, September 18, 2001

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Survivors’ Immediate Needs Stabilization Reassurance Safety Presence

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Immediate Response/Impact Interventions

Remember Bambi’s mother!!!

Meet immediate needs for Stabilization Reassurance Safety Presence

PCAID

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Families’ Immediate Needs Hard information Ongoing communication from

the disaster site about what’s going on

The sense that they are not excluded

Non-anxious presence to be with them

Safety

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Note During times of high stress and

crisis, memories and emotions are not processed and stored in the normal way.

The lower brain doesn’t know the crisis is over.

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Human Reactions to TraumaStress reactions can be: physical emotional spiritual cognitive interpersonal

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Short-Term Recovery:Is immediate and overlaps with

response, including: providing essential public health and

safety services restoring interrupted utility and

other essential services reestablishing transportation routes providing food and shelter for those

displaced by the incident. Although called “short-term,” some of

these activities may last for weeks.

National Response Framework (NRF), US Department of Homeland Security,

January, 2008, p. 45.

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Short-term recovery?

Photo courtesy of FDNY Photo Unit

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Recovery Programs

Recovery from an incident is unique to each community, and depends on the amount and kind of damage caused by the incident and the resources that the jurisdiction has ready or can quickly obtain.

NRF, p.45-46

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RecoveryRecovery programs are needed to: Identify needs and resources Provide accessible housing and

promote restoration Address care and treatment of

affected persons Inform residents and prevent

unrealistic expectations Implement additional measures for

community restoration Incorporate mitigation measures and

techniques, as feasible NRF, p.45-46

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Short-Term Recovery Is generally when the greatest mental health,

spiritual help and pastoral counseling needs emerge.

Photo courtesy of the FDNY Photo Unit

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Short-Term Recovery: Emotional ResponseDisillusionment: This phase generally begins as survivors and the community begin to understand that recovery is a long process rather than an event.

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Other Emotions Common to the Short-Term Recovery Phase: Anger Helplessness Sense of futility Loss of hope

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Spiritual Issues: How to Respond to Victims/Survivors Offer security Listen Be quiet Support Stay theologically neutral Serve Avoid “fixing” things Pray for them WITH THEIR PERMISSION AND

ONLY FOR WHAT THEY ASK FOR Focus on their needs and not your own.

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What Survivors Want to Say to Clergy

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Chaplains’ Role in Disasters – (Short-Term) Recovery Phase In the recovery phase, the ESC

caregiver may move into a counseling role to help individuals recover for the longer term.

In this phase, the ESC caregiver may become more involved in helping the survivor: search for meaning in the face of their suffering understand their crisis-in-faith issues become able to forgive and hope again.

The Salvation Army, p. 36

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Katrina satellite image through the courtesy of the National Weather Service, Southern Region Headquarters, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

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Collective Impact of Trauma/DisasterCollective trauma is defined as: A blow to the basic tissues of

social life that damages the bonds attaching people together and impairs the prevailing sense of community.

(Myers, 2003) in Salvation Army, p. 17.

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Transition to Long-Term Recovery :

The community may feel abandoned.

The future may seem hopeless.

This is an important time for spiritual care.

Photo courtesy of FDNY Photo Unit

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Long-Term Recovery …may involve some of the same

actions [as short-term recovery] but may continue for a number of months or years, depending on the severity and extent of the damage sustained.

For example, long-term recovery may include the complete redevelopment of damaged areas.

Additional information on long-term recovery can be found in the ESF #14 Annex at the NRF Resource Center, http://www.fema.gov/NRF

National Response Framework, US Department of Homeland Security, January, 2008, p. 45.

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Emotions Common to Long-Term Recovery

Abandonment Exhaustion Confusion Despair

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Long-Term Recovery Interventions PCAID Focus on transforming feelings Community Spiritual Assessment Spiritual care interventions to kindle

hope Attention to emotional and spiritual

issues around anniversaries Organized community services of

memorial and remembrance Retreat opportunities for caregivers

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Community Spiritual Assessment Its purpose is simply to identify

spiritual needs for which the community may not have ready assets.

It identifies these needs in a concrete way that can be articulated while designing the Long-Term Recovery Plan.

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Exercise In your teams, take five minutes to

familiarize yourselves with the outline and contents of the NVOAD Community Spiritual Assessment, Attachment E.

Think about and discuss when and how you would perform this intervention in your community.

Share two of your team’s insights about the Assessment with the larger class.

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Pre-Planning for the Next Disaster What is the most likely disaster that

would happen to your community? How would you prepare your worshiping

community for this disaster? How would you help the larger

community prepare? What is the biggest obstacle preventing

your worshiping community from being prepared for a disaster?

How can you overcome it?

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Disaster Response-AbilityIs my worshiping community safe?

If yes, then,

Given my responsibilities to them, to my own household, and my current emotional status, am I able to respond to this disaster as a chaplain?

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Reflection

Is there a constant in all these phases, emotions, and interventions?

What are you feeling?

What are you thinking?

What here is most helpful to you?

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Constants PCAID: Useful in all phases.

The material being assessed and the interventions will be different in each emotional and chronological phase, but the PCAID intervention is the constant framework.

Hope

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Hope Seems to be a

capacity to hold – in a present time of struggle – a sense of wholeness and strength that rests in a transcendent force. Photo courtesy of FDNY Photo Unit

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The Importance of Hope Hope is the central capacity that

contributes toward personal and communal resiliency.

The loss of hope is despair.

Hope enables individuals, families, and communities to endure great hardship with courage.

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The Maintenance of Hope Hope is a central priority for

spiritual care providers. Some of the most powerful

interventions performed by spiritual care providers are interventions that specifically stimulate a sense and experience of hope in individuals and communities.

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Fifth Objective: Hope and AdversityShare concrete examples of what got

you through periods of difficulty in your life in one of the following areas: Personal – your own life history Family – the broader history of

your parents, grandparents, and ancestors

Cultural – the experience of your nation, ethnicity, and culture

Spiritual – the history of your faith group or spiritual perspective

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Objectives Review (1):

Break down the disaster continuum and identify its separate phases

Categorize and group the emotional phases of disaster with the disaster phases

Learn the nature of appropriate interventions for each emotional phase

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Objectives Review (2):

Apply PCAID in all the emotional phases within the disaster continuum

Lead an intervention that builds on hope that is based on prior experience in coping with in adversity

Work together with others as a team to provide appropriate interventions in each stage of the disaster continuum.

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15 Minute Break

Documents

NYDIS Training Curriculum Operations Module 2