AN TON V SINH thc phmI VI C S SX, CBTPB Y t Cc an ton v sinh thc phm********

Phn 1: Cc khi nim c bn1. nhim thc phm: nhim thc phm l tnh trng xut hin bt c mt cht l no (cht nhim) trong thc phm2. Cht nhim: Bt k cht no khng c ch cho vo thc phm m c mt trong thc phm do kt qu ca vic sn xut, ch bin, x l, ng gi, bao gi, vn chuyn v lu gi thc phm hoc do nh hng ca mi trng ti thc phm.3. c im ca cht nhim:+ Khng c mc ch cng ngh v khng ch ng cho vo thc phm.+ Xut hin khng do ch nh trong thc phm.+ C th xut hin mt cch t nhin (tnh c) trong thc phm, kh c kh nng kim sot c hoc cn phi chi ph rt cao cho vic loi b chng.+ S c mt trong thc phm thng kh nhn bit c, cn phi gim st.

Phn 2: phn loi nhim thc phm1. nhim sinh hc3. nhim vt l2. nhim ho hc

nhim sinh hcTc nhn sinh hcSc vt b bnhMi trngSinh vt c c tch bin thc phmBo qun thc phm nhim:t NcKhng kh

m thtNu khng kV sinh c nhn(Tay ngi lnh mang trng, ho ht hi)iu kin mt v sinh.Khng che y rui, b, chut

Thc phm

nhim sinh hcCc tc nhn sinh hc gy nhim thc phm1. Vi khun:

Cc vi khun c trong thc phm c th gy bnh nhim khun hoc ng c thc phm. Bnh nhim khun thc phm l do n phi vi khun gy bnh, chng pht trin v sinh c t trong c th ngi, thng trong rut.

Ng c thc phm do n phi cht c hnh thnh t trc (cht c do VK sinh ra trong thc phm t trc khi n).

nhim sinh hcCc tc nhn sinh hc gy nhim thc phm1. Vi khun:(Tip theo)

Thng ngi ta chia ra 2 loi vi khun hnh thnh bo t v vi khun khng hnh thnh bo t.Cc loi vi khun hnh thnh bo t: (VD: Cl. botulinum; Cl.perfringens; Bacillus cereus)Cc loi vi khun khng hnh thnh bo t: (VD: Vibrio cholerae; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Shigella; Salmonella; Campylobacter; Listeria; Staph.aureus; Streptococcus; E.coli; yersinia enterocolitica; Proteur)

thc phm chn nhim e.coli

a phng

Loi Thc phm

T l (%)

Nam nh

- Gi

- Nem, cho, chua

- Lng ln chn

- Ch qu

100

Hu

- Thc n chn n ngay ng ph

40,0

Ph Th

- Tht luc

- Tht kho

- Tht rn, nng

40,2

24,0

32,0

Thi Bnh

- Rau sng

100

Thnh ph HCM

- Kem bn rong cng trng hc

96,7

- Thc n n ngay ng ph

90,0

Qung Bnh

- Thc n n ngay ng ph

25,0

Thanh Ho

- Thc n l tht

- Thc n l c

- Thc n l rau

78,9

69,7

78,1

C mau

- Xi

- Bnh m kp tht

82,3

77,2

nhim sinh hcCc tc nhn sinh hc gy nhim thc phm2. Vi rus: Virus vim gan A Virus vim gan E Rotavirus Norwalk virus Virus bi lit

nhim sinh hcCc tc nhn sinh hc gy nhim thc phm3. K sinh trng:

K sinh trng n boGiun aGiun tcGiun mcGiun xonSn l gan nhSn l phiSn dy lnSn dy b

nhim sinh hcCc tc nhn sinh hc gy nhim thc phm4. Cc sinh vt c c t: c t nm c: aflatoxin: L c t ca nm aspergillus flavus v aspergilus parasiticus, hay c trong ng, u, ci da kh l c t gy ung th gan, gim nng sut sa, trng. ochratoxin: L c t ca nm aspergillus ochraccus v Penecillium viridicatum, hay c trong ng, la m, la mch, bt u, ht c ph. c t ny cng c kh nng gy ung th.

Kt qu xt nghim AFLATOXIN B1Lc nhn: 7/55 mu (13%)X du: 2/6 mu (33%) Tng: 9/30 mu (30%)C ph:30%u phng:68%

nhim sinh hcCc tc nhn sinh hc gy nhim thc phm4. Cc sinh vt c c t: (Tip theo) ng vt c cht c: Cc C nc (tetradotoxin). Cc loi c c khc. c t trong nhuyn th:

DSP (Diarrhetic Shellfh Poisoning): Gy tiu chyNSP: Gy lit thn kinhASP (Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning): Gy ng trPSP (Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning): Gy lit c.

nhim sinh hcCc tc nhn sinh hc gy nhim thc phm4. Cc sinh vt c c t: (Tip theo) Thc vt c c: (Pyrrolizidine, Alkaloids, Lipin alkaloids): Sn (HCN). L ngn Mng

nhim ho hcNhng cht ho hc cho thm vo thc phm theo mun.Nhng ho cht ln vo thc phm.Ho cht bo v thc phm.

Gm c:

nhim ho hc Nhng cht ho hc cho thm vo thc phm theo mun: bo qun thc phm: Cht st khun: mui nitrat, nitrit, acid benzoic, natri benzoat, natri borat (hn the) Cc cht khng sinh: chloramphenicol, tetracycllin, streptomycin, penicillin. Cc cht kch thch, tng trng. Cc cht chng oxy ho: acid ascobic, a.citric, a.lactic, -Tocophenol Cht chng mc: natri diaxetat, diphenyl...Tng tnh hp dn ca thc n: Cht to ngt tng hp: saccarin Cc phm mu: phm mu v c, hu c, phm mu tng hp.Cc cht cho thm vo ch bin c bit: Cc cht lm trng bt: kh chlor, oxyt nit Cht lm tng kh nng thnh bnh, dai, dn ca bt: bromat, hn the Cc cht lm cng thc phm: canxi chlorua, canxi citrat, canxi phosphat Tng khu v: m chnh (natri monoglutamate)

Cc ha cht cng nghip, cc ha cht trong t: dioxin, PCBs, vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, benzopyrene, styreneCc kim loi nng: thy ngn, ch, cadimi, km, arsen, ng, st.Cht nhim trong nu nng, ch bin: acrylamide, chloropropanols.

Nhng ho cht ln vo thc phm:

nhim thc phm do ho cht bo v thc vt (HCBVTV) nc ta ngy cng gia tng. Nguyn nhn do cha kim sot c tnh trng nhp lu, bun bn cc loi HCBVTV cm qua bin gii, cha hng dn v cch dng HCBVTV n ni n chn cho ngi dn, chnh quyn cc cp, nht l c s cng nh cc ngnh chc nng cha thc s c bin php qun l nghim ngt. Tnh trng rau qu, k c ch xanh, b nhim HCBVTV cn kh ph bin.

Ho cht bo v thc vt:

nhim vt l Cc d vt: Cc mnh thu tinh, sn, t si, mnh vn vt dng khc ln vo thc phm. Cc mnh kim loi, cht do Cc yu t phng x: do s c n l phn ng nguyn t, cc nh myin nguyn t, r r phng x t cc Trung tm nghin cu phng x, hoc t cc m phng x.

Cc ng vt, thc vt trong vng mi trng b nhim phng x, k c nc ung, s b nhim cc cht phng x v gy hi cho ngi s dng khi n phi chng.

II. Ni dung iu kin VSATTP:Ni dung iu kin VSATTP bao gm 3 nhm iu kin sau: iu kin nh xng (iu kin c s), iu kin dng c, thit b v iu kin v con ngi.

1. iu kin v c s:C s cn phi hiu l bt c to nh hay khu vc no x l thc phm, k c cc khu vc xung quanh, di s kim sot ca cng mt ban qun l. iu kin m bo VSATTP cho mt c s thc phm l:

1.1. V tr:+ Cn xem xt cc ngun nhim bn tim n nh hng ti thc phm khi quyt nh chn v tr xy dng c s sn xut, cng nh chn cc bin php hp l c hiu qu bo v thc phm. C s khng c t ni, m sau khi xem xt nhng bin php bo v, ngi ta thy vn cn mi e do cho s an ton v ph hp ca thc phm. c bit, v tr c s thng phi xa:Khu vc c mi trng nhim v cc hot ng cng nghip khc c nhiu kh nng gy nhim thc phm;Khu vc d b ngp lt tr phi c bin php bo v c s khi b ngp lt mt cch hu hiu;Khu vc d b sinh vt gy hi ph hoi;Khu vc c cc cht thi, rn hay lng, m khng th loi b chng mt cch c hiu qu.

+ V tr c s cn m bo:Khng b nhim.Khng b ngp lt.C ngun nc m bo.Thun tin v giao thngng x ni b c xy dng m bo tiu chun v sinh, c cng rnh thot nc tt.

1.2. Thit k v b tr:+ Ni thch hp, l ni m vic thit k b tr mt bng cng ngh cho mt c s sn xut ch bin thc phm phi to iu kin cho v sinh thc phm c tt, ng thi tnh n c vic bo v chng nhim cho do thc phm gy ra gia cng on khc cng nh khi thao tc ch bin v x l thc phm.+ Yu cu thit k, b tr nh xng:C tng bao ngn cchC kch thc ph hpDy chuyn sn xut i theo mt chiuThun tin cho lm v sinh v kh trngKhng to ni n nu cho ng vt gy hiC s ngn cch gia khu sn xut v khu khng sn xut, cng nh gia cc khu tip nhn nguyn liu, s ch, ch bin, bao gi phn ph, kho hng, khu v sinh, thay bo h lao ng, khu n ung... trnh nhim cho.

1.3. Cu trc:1.3.1. Kho, xng, thit b c b tr ph hp v thun li trong qu trnh sn xut, ch bin thc phm d p dng cc bin php x l v sinh.+ Trn nh: sng mu, khng thm nc, khng rn nt, trnh mc v ng nc v cc cht bn.+ Sn nh: sng mu, lm bng cc vt liu khng thm nc, d ra, khng trn, khng gy c i vi thc phm, d lau chi, kh trng v thot nc tt.+Tng v gc tng nh: Phng, sng mu, khng gy c vi thc phm, khng thm nc, d c ra v kh khun.+ Ca ra vo: Nhn, khng thm nc, tt nht l t ng m, ng v ng kn. Trc ca ra vo i vi cc c s sn xut thc phm ng hp, thc phm ch bin bao gi sn phi thit k ch nc st trng dng ngm ng trc khi vo v ra.+ Ca s: C li bo v trnh s xm nhp ca cn trng v ng vt. Li phi thun tin cho vic lm v sinh thng xuyn.

1.3.2.H thng thng gi:+ H thng thng gi thch hp loi hi nc ngng t, khng kh nng, kh b nhim, mi l v bi.+ Hng ca h thng thng gi phi m bo khng c thi gi t khu vc nhim bn sang khu vc sch.+ C li bo v bng cc vt liu khng r, d tho ri lm v sinh.1.3.3. Dng c cha cht thi v vt phm khng n c:Dng c cha cht thi phi kn, c np y trnh s xm nhp ca ng vt v c dn ra thng xuyn.

1.3.4. H thng chiu sng:C s thc phm phi lun c chiu sng y :Ni sn xut c cng nh sng khng di 200lux.Ni cn kim tra thc phm phi t cng nh sng khng di 540 lux.n trong khu vc c s thc phm phi c hp hoc li bo v trnh khi v lm ri mnh vo thc phm v c lau chi thng xuyn.

1.3.5. H thng cng, rnh phi kn, thot nc tt, d ci to, khng gy nhim cc vng xung quanh.

1.3.6. H thng nh v sinh y c b tr cc v tr thun tin cho tt c mi ngi trong c s thc phm v c y cc thit b m bo v sinh.

1.3.7. Khu vc nui ng vt (nu c) c b tr cui hng gi chnh v cch ly ring bit vi khu vc sn xut, ch bin, kinh doanh thc phm:

Yu cu v cu trc:- Kt cu vng chc, d lm v sinh v kh trng.- Vt liu: Khng thm nc, khng thi nhim, thch hp vi tng loi thc phm, khng c, bn, d bo tr, d lm v sinh v kh trng.- B mt nhn, tr, d lm v sinh, kh trng.

2. iu kin v thit b v dng c ch bin:2.1. Yu cu:+ Cc dng c dng cha ng v ch bin thc phm phi c lm t nguyn liu khng c, khng gy mi l so vi mi v ca thc phm ban u, khng hp th, khng thi nhim vo thc phm, khng b n mn.+ Dng c cha ng v ch bin thc phm phi nhn, khng rn nt, d lm sch v ty trng b mt.+ Cc phng tin vn chuyn phi ph hp vi cc tnh cht c bit ca thc phm, d dng c ra v phi c gi gn sch s thng xuyn m bo v sinh an ton thc phm.+ Cc phng tin vn chuyn s dng trong qu trnh ch bin, sn xut kinh doanh, lu thng thc phm khng c gy nhim, thay i mi hoc lm bin cht thc phm.+ Thit b v dng c, ni cn thit, phi bn, d di chuyn, tho lp duy tu bo dng, d lm sch, ty trng v gim st thch hp.

2.2. Cc thit b dng c ch yu:2.2.1. Dng c ch bin, my ch bin: phi thch hp vi loi thc phm, m bo an ton v sinh, khng gy c, bn, d bo tr, d lm v sinh kh trng.

2.2.2. Thit b, dng c ng gi: m bo khng thi nhim cht c ra thc phm, bn, d bo tr, lm sch.

2.2.3. Thit b kim sot - gim st thc phm:Ngoi nhng yu chung thit b dng un, x l nhit, lm ngui, lu gi hay lm ng lnh thc phm phi c thit k lm sao nhanh chng t c nhit theo yu cu ca thc phm, nhm bo m tnh an ton v ph hp ca thc phm, v duy tr nhit mt cch hu hiu. Thit b phi c thit k c th gim st, kim sot c nhit . nhng ni cn thit, cc thit b phi c phng tin hu hiu kim sot v gim st m khng kh, dng kh, v cc thng s bt k no khc, c tc dng bt li ti tnh an ton v ph hp ca thc phm. Nhng yu cu ny nhm m bo:- Cc vi sinh vt c hi hay cc vi sinh vt khng mong mun hoc cc c t ca chng, c loi tr hay lm gim ti mc an ton, hoc s tn ti v tng trng ca chng c kim sot mt cch hu hiu.- ni thch hp, c th gim st cc gii hn ti hn theo phng php HACCP.- Vi nhit v vi iu kin khc cn thit cho s an ton, v ph hp ca thc phm c th nhanh chng t c v duy tr chng

2.2.4. ng cht ph thi v cc th khng n c: ng ph thi, sn phm ph v cc cht khng n c hoc cht nguy him phi c thit k c bit d nhn bit, c cu trc ph hp, ni cn thit, phi oc lm bng vt liu t b h hng. cha cc cht nguy him phi c phn bit r v khi cn c th kho c trnh s nhim bn thc phm do c hay tnh c.

2.2.5. Thit b cung cp nc v nc :Cn c h thng cung cp nc ung sao cho lun lun c y v c cc phng tin thch hp lu tr, phn phi nc, kim sot nhit , m bo tnh an ton v ph hp ca thc phm. Nc ung c l nc c quy nh trong tiu chun nc ung ca B Y t hoc l nc ung c tiu chun cao hn. Nc khng ung c (v d nh nc dng dp chy, sn xut hi nc, lm lnh v cc mc ch khc m khng lm nhim thc phm), th nc ny c cp theo mt h thng ring. Cc h thng nc khng ung c phi c tch ring bit, khng c ni hoc khng cho php hi lu vo h thng nc sch ung c. Nc phi c lm t nc sch. Thit b cha ng vn chuyn, bo qun nc phi sch, khng gy nhim.

2.2.7. Thit b lm sch v kh trng:Cn b tr cc phng tin phc v hp v sinh c thit k thch hp lm sch thc phm, dng v thit b. Nhng phng tin nh vy, u thch hp, phi c cung cp nc ung c, nc nng v nc lnh. Thit b lm v sinh v kh trng phi bng vt liu khng r, bn, d lm sch, ph hp vi tng khu vc.2.2.6. Thit b thot nc v cht thi:C thit k b tr h thng thot nc v phng tin cht thi hp l. Chng phi c thit k v xy dng sao cho trnh c mi nguy nhim bn cho thc phm hay gy nhim ngun cung cp nc sch ung c.

2.2.8. Phng tin v sinh c nhn v khu vc v sinh:Cn c cc phng tin v sinh c nhn lun duy tr ch v sinh c nhn mc thch hp nhm trnh nhim bn cho thc phm. u thch hp, cc phng tin phi bao gm:- Phng tin ra v lm kh tay, nh chu ra c h thng cp nc nng v nc lnh (hoc c nhit ph hp, c thit b kim sot)- Nh v sinh c thit k hp v sinh.- C cc phng tin, khu vc ring bit v hp l nhn vin thay qun o.Nhng phng tin trn phi c b tr v thit k hp l.

2.2.9. Thit b cung cp kh nn, hi nc: Phi m bo sch, an ton, khng gy nhim cho thc phm.

2.2.10. Thit b bo qun thc phm: nhng ni cn thit, phi b tr phng tin thch hp bo qun thc phm, cng nh bo qun cc cht liu v cc ho cht phi thc phm (nh cc cht ty ra, du nhn, nhin liu). u thy thch hp, cc phng tin dng bo qun thc phm phi c thit k v xy dng sao cho:- C ch bo dng duy tu v lm v sinh thun li.- Trnh c sinh vt gy hi xm nhp v n nu.- Bo v mt cch hu hiu thc phm khi b nhim trong khi bo qun v khi cn to ra c mt mi trng nhm gim n mc ti thiu s h hi ca thc phm (v d bng cch kim sot c nhit v m khng kh).Nhng loi phng tin bo qun, c b tr s tu thuc vo tnh cht ca thc phm. u cn, phi b tr cc phng tin ring, an ton ct gi cc vt liu ty ra v cht nguy him.

3. iu kin v con ngi:3.1. Hc tp kin thc v sinh v an ton thc phm:Ch cc c s thc phm c trch nhim lin h vi c quan y t a phng t chc cho cng nhn trc tip tham gia vo qu trnh sn xut, ch bin thc phm hc tp v cc kin thc an ton v sinh thc phm. Mi ngi sn xut ch bin thc phm phi c chng ch c hc tp VSATTP theo quy nh.

3.2. Sc kho ngi sn xut:+ Ngi tham gia trc tip vo sn xut, ch bin thc phm u phi khm sc kho trc khi tuyn dng v nh k kim tra li theo quy nh ca B Y t.+ Nhng ngi ang b mc cc bnh truyn nhim theo danh mc quy nh ca B Y t khng c tham gia trc tip vo qu trnh sn xut hay ch bin thc phm.+ Vic khm sc kho phi c tin hnh cc c quan y t t cp qun, huyn tr ln. 100% cng nhn u phi c cy phn 1 - 2 ln/nm.+ Ngi trc tip sn xut hay ch bin thc phm u phi chp hnh "thc hnh bn tay tt":

Thc hnh bn tay tt (GHP)

1. ra tay sau khi:

- i toilet

- Tip xc vi thc phm sng

- X mi

- ng tay vo rc

- Gi nga, ngoy tai, ngoy mi hoc ng tay vo cc b phn ca c th

- Ht thuc

- ng tay vo sc vt

- Mi ln ngh

2. Ra tay trc khi:

- Tip xc vi thc phm

- Ch bin

- Tip xc thc phm chn

- n

3. Lau kh tay sau khi ra bng khn giy dng mt ln, khn bng sch hoc my thi kh. Cm lau kh, chi vo qun o, vy tp d.

4. Ra tay k bng x phng v nc sch c gan bn tay v mu bn tay, c tay cc khe ngn tay v np mng tay.

5. Khng mng tay di nu c vt xc th cn c bng b bng gc khng thm nc v nn i gng tay khi tip xc vi thc phm.

+ Ngi ch bin thc phm phi thc hin cc yu cu sau:Mc trang phc ring khi ch bin. Ngoi ra, trong nhng trng hp cn thit, ngi sn xut, ch bin thc phm phi i m v i gng tay hay eo khu trang schKhng n ung trong khu vc sn xut thc phmKhng khc nh, ht thuc l trong khu vc ch bin.

3.3. Khch tham quan:Khch tham quan vo khu vc sn xut ch bin thc phm phi mc qun o bo h v chp hnh cc quy nh v v sinh c nhn nh cy phn, ra tay, kh trng

thc hnh bo qun thc phm tt(GSP)1. Thc phm cn c bo qun lu gi trong khu vc, dng c, trang b chuyn dng cho thc phm (t lnh, bung lnh, kho lnh...)2. ng, bao gi thc phm phi an ton, khng thi nhim, khng thng, khng r st, c np y kn, d chi ra.3. Bo qun thc phm nhit an tonNhit vngnguy himNhit vng lutr thc phm nngNhit vng lutr thc phm lnhNhit vng lu trthc phm ng lnh100 oc60 oc5 oc0 oc- 15 ocNhit :Vi khun sinh si ny n mau chng khi nhit gia 50C v 600C, y gi l vng nhit nguy him (temperature danger zone)Qu v phi bo m l thi gian thc phm trong vng nhit nguy him cng ngn cng tt.4. Bo m thi gian bo qun5. Khng nhim cho trong qu trnh bo qun hoc nhim t mi trng, cn trng6. Khng dng cc cht hoc phng php bo qun thc phm ngoi quy nh.

thc hnh lu thng phn phi thc phm tt(GDP)

1. Ch dng trang thit b chuyn dng cho thc phm vn chuyn, trnh gy thi nhim

2. Che y, bao gi thc phm an ton, trnh gy nhim thm vo thc phm

3. Gi nhit an ton cho tng loi thc phm trong qu trnh vn chuyn

4. Khng lm bin tnh, thay i tnh cht ca thc phm trong qu trnh lu thng phn phi

5. Khi vn chuyn thc n v dng c cho khch hng cn trong cc vt liu sch s, khng c, chc chn, che y kn khng h hng, nhim.

6. m bo ng thi gian vn chuyn. Thc n chn, thi gian sau khi nu n khi n khng qu 2 gi

thc hnh nhn mc thc phm tt (glp)

1. cc thc phm bao gi sn phi c nhn y ni dung theo quy nh

1.1.Tn hng ho thc phm

1.2. Tn a ch thng nhn chu trch nhim v hng ho thc phm

1.3. nh lng ca hng ho thc phm

1.4. Thnh phn cu to

1.5. Ch tiu cht lng ch y

1.6. Ngy sn xut, thi hn s dng, thi hn bo qun

1.7. Hng dn bo qun, hng

1.8. Xut x hng ho (hng nhp khu, hng xut khu)

2. cc thc phm ti sng, ch bin khng c bao gi sn, n, ung c gi tr tiu dng trong vng 24 gi

2.1. Phi bit r ngun gc an ton

2.2. Thc n phi c bo qun sch, chng rui b, ma, gi,bi

2.3. Dng c bao gi cha ng phi sch khng gy thi nhim, nhim vo thc phm.

chng trnh GMP1. nh ngha:GMP l ba ch ci ca ba t ting Anh: Good Manufacturing Practices, ngha l thc hnh sn xut tt.+ GMP l quy phm sn xut, tc l cc bin php, thao tc thc hnh cn tun th nguyn tc m bo sn xut ra nhng sn phm t yu cu cht lng v sinh an ton.+ Quy phm sn xut thng tp trung vo cc thao tc, vn hnh trong cng ngh v thit b, thng c xy dng cho tng sn phm hoc nhm sn phm tng t, bao gm cc GMP ca tng cng on hoc mt phn cng on sn xut trong quy trnh cng ngh ch bin thc phm.

2. Phm vi kim sot ca GMP:+ GMP gip kim sot tt c nhng yu t lin quan n CLVSATTP ca sn phm trong qu trnh sn xut ch bin, t khu tip nhn nguyn liu n thnh phm cui cng. (xem s hnh 8)Hnh 8. Phm vi kim sot ca GMPMi trngNguyn liuTay ThiNhit ngh gian Thnh phm

Ni dung c bn ca GMP v GHPChng trnh v sinh:To iu kin kim sot c hiu qu cc nguy c i vi thc phm, cn trng v cc tc nhn khc c th gy nhim c thc phmChng trnh v sinh ch c hiu lc khi thit b c thit k v lp t tt trong mt khu vc sch s, v sinhChng trnh v sinh i hi s cam kt ca lnh o cao nht v trin khai n mi n v v c nhn

Ni dung c bn ca GMP v GHP Nh xng v phng tin ch binYu cu chung: V tr, din tch, vt liu xy dng, thit k.Khu vc x l thc phm: tng, trn nh, ca s, ca ra vo, cu thang, thang my, cu trc ph, lp t thit b, bn ln men ngoi tri, cc kh nng nhim bn.Phng tin v sinh: Cp thot nc, nh v sinh, ra tay.Phng tin chiu sng: sng; bng n, chao n, dyThng gi: Lung kh, lu lng gi, li bo v, cht ph thi, cht ty ra, kh trng.Thit b v dng c: Vt liu ch to; thit b ng lnh hay gia nhit, thit b o; thit k, lp t, s dng; dng c, phng tin cm tay; thit b khc.H thng an ton.

Ni dung c bn ca GMP v GHPKim sot qu trnh ch bin: Nguyn vt liu, Hot ng sn xut

Ni dung c bn ca GMP v GHPKim sot v sinh nh xng.Yu cu chung: lm sch thng xuyn, kh trng;Cha v x l ph phm v cht thi: Lu gi, vn chuyn, x l trc khi a ra ngoi, dng c x l.Bo qun ho cht nguy hi.Kim sot sinh vt gy hi. dng c nhn.

Ni dung c bn ca GMP v GHPYu cu v con ngi: iu kin sc kho: Kim tra sc kho, khm nh kCch ly ngun gy nhim bnh: Cch ly, iu tr ngi b bnh truyn nhim, d ly lanCh v sinh: Sch s, qun o, trang sc, n ung ni lm vic, khch tham quanGio dc, o to v u tKim tra, gim st