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of Milk in the Manufacture of Bread. From time imme- imorial milk has been employed in the manufacture of biead 1

and pastry, but the fatty matters contained in it pre-vent the leaven from producing its effects, by slackeningthe process ot fermentation, and communicate to thepaste a peculiar flavour. This difficulty, according tothe author, may be overcome by separating the creamimmediately after the milk is drawn. The results obtainedare very encouraging; the bread produced is of remark-able whiteness and of excellent taste. In an economicalpoint of view, this bread is not more expensive thanthat made in the ordinary way. Moreover, it is morenutritious, as it is shown by chemical analysis that it con-tains one-fourth more of nitrogenous matter and one-thirdmore of phosphates than the bread made with water. It istherefore considered a valuable aliment, which would serveto combat rachitism in obtaining assimilable phosphoric acidin the alimentation of children and of adults.

PROFESSOR GERMAIN SÉE ON TEA.In a very interesting clinical lecture by Professor Germain

Sée at the Hotel Dieu, on the Diet of Patients, the lecturerreferred to tea as being the best of beverages. It is the bestdigestive drink, but it should be a light infusion; at leasthalf a litre should be taken at a time, and hot. It may withadvantage replace at the midday repast the wine that isnow generally drunk. It does not ferment, and it con-

tains only traces of tannin, whereas coffee containsmuch more, which coagulates the albumens. Certainauthors have denounced ‘ theism," which is described asbeing worse than morphinism, etherism, alcoholism. Eloythreatens tea-drinkers with intellectual feebleness, hallucina-tions, cephalalgia, &c. They become dyspeptic, "cardiacs"cachectic, anaemic, &c. It is curious to note that whiletea-drinking is being condemned in England, it is becomingalmost the universal beverage in this country, and particu-larly in the wine-growing districts. For instance, it hasbeen estimated that during the last thirty years the con-sumption of tea in France has increased from 168,000to 300,000 kilogrammes. Professor Sée recommends tea asnot only being the best digestive, but as being the surestmeans of sustaining intellectual energy.

Paris, Jan. 17th.

ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS.

AT an extraordinary meeting of the Council of the College,held on Thursday, Jan. 19th, after the confirmation of theMinutes of the quarterly meeting, held on the 12th inst.,the Council proceeded to the further consideration of theproposed reply to the Privy Council respecting the state-ment made on behalf of the Association of Fellows in

reference to the Supplemental Charter, and read the revisedreply as prepared by the President and Vice-Presidents.The reply was agreed to, and will be forwarded by theSecretary of the College to the Lord President of the PrivyCouncil at an early date.

Obituary.THOMAS KENNEDY WHEELER. M.D.

IT is with much regret that we announce the death ofone of the most respected of the older medical practitionersof Belfast-Dr. Wheeler-which took place under excep-tionally melancholy circumstances on Friday, Jan. 13th.For some time past it had been noticed that the deceasadgentleman had been in very depressed spirits. His medicalattendant, Dr. J. W. T. Smith, observed this mental de-pression, and the impression made on his mind was thatDr. Wheeler was afraid of falling into a state of health inwhich he would be unfit for professional work, as he wassuffering from cardiac disease. On Wednesday, when lastseen by Dr. Smith, he was very nervous. On Fridaymorning, about a quarter to nine o’clock, he entered achemist’s shop in Belfast and ordered a lotion containingprussic acid. While the assistant went to the front part ofthe shop to paper up the bottle it would appear thatDr. Wheeler, in a moment of temporary insanity, seized the

stock bottle and walked into a bedroom off the shop, wherethe assistant found him lying on the bed. Dr. O’Neillwas immediately summoned, and found the unfortunategentleman insensible and breathing heavily. He triedartificial respiration and used the stomach-pump, butthe deceased was dead in seven or eight minutes, havinglived about twenty minutes after taking the dose. From.the evidence it would appear that almost an ounce ofthe prussic acid must have been taken, and the mattersremoved from the stomach smelt strongly of the drug. Atthe inquest the jury returned a verdict " That the deceaseddied horn an excessive dose of prussic acid taken while ina state of unsound mind." After the inquest a very carefulnecropsy was made by Dr. O’Neill and Professor Sinclair.The cerebral coverings showed signs of inflammatorychange; they were opaque, thickened, and firmly adherent.There were minute recent haemorrhages in the cortex, espe-cially of the anterior lobes. In the left hemisphere therewere softening and degeneration of the brain substance, the.result of a more extensive extravasation of old standing.The heart was enlarged and fatty; there was disease of themitral valve and adherent pericardium. The aorta andcarotid arteries had patches of calcareous deposit. Thesepathological changes accounted for the disturbance of thedeceased’s mental faculties.

Dr. Wheeler was sixty-three years -of age. The mostintense sorrow prevailed in Belfast on Friday when itbecame known that he was dead, as both in public andprivate life he was most popular. Dr. Wheeler was one ofthe original graduates of the Queen’s University, and wasPresident of the Graduates’ Association in Belfast. Duringall his life he resided in Belfast, where he had a very exten-sive middle-class practice. He was pre-eminently a generalpractitioner, profoundly trusted as a physician and belovedas a friend. His kindly courtesy and buoyant spiritsmade him a general favourite, which was apparent by thegreat gloom which prevailed in Belfast when his deathwas announced. He took a deep interest in all philan-thropic and religious matters. The deceased will be greatlymissed in Belfast. One of his sons, Dr. T. R. Wheeler, is

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surgeon to the Royal Hospital, and deep sympathy is feltfor him and the rest of Dr. Wheeler’s family in their veryheavy trial.

Dr. Wheeler was buried on Monday last, and although thefuneral was private there was an immense attendance ofthe public, including the leading medical men.

TITO VANZETTITHE Paduan school lost its ablest representative on the

evening of the 6th inst. The octogenarian, Professor TitoVanzetti, who held the chair of Clinical Surgery in ordinaryin that University, had been ill for some days, and thoughhis patriarchal years made his recovery almost hopeless,the progress of his malady was watched with an interestseldom aroused in patients much his juniors. The wholetownsfolk, and in particular the students, awaited the suc-cessive bulletins of his attendants with feverish anxiety,and when it was announced that he was no more, the feelingwas universal that the city and the school had been bereftof their brightest ornament.His career as a student was full of promise, and he had

barely graduated when he commenced that round of profes-sional travel which, till late in life, was a passion with him,visiting all the public echools and cliniques of importance inEurope, and perfecting himself in every way for his workas a surgeon. His visits to foreign universities and hos-pitals were not those of the professional tourist merely. Hestayed at nearly all of them long enough to master the dis-tinctive character and method of each; and from some ofthem-Cracow, for instance-he brought away specialqualifications, entitling him to practise and teach therewhenever he cared to return. ‘

On coming back to Padua, laden with the spolia opimaof foreign schools, he was at once appointed Professor ofSurgery in its University. In this chair he more thanjustified all the expectations that had been formed of him.He was a brilliant operator, full of resource, cautiouswithal, and specially careful (therein teaching a lesson notquite mastered by his compatriots) in after-treatment. Hisdemeanour in the class room, in the clinical wards, andin the operating theatre made him very popular withhis students, expressing as it did a finely balanced

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nature, resolute yet mild, self-assured yet modest, justyet genial. Honours fell largely to his share, all of themunsolicited or due to the initiative of friends native orforeign. He was Commander of the Crown of Italy, of theOrder of St. Anna of Russia, and of the Pian Order. He wasChevalier of the Order of Francis Joseph I. of Austria, andeffective member of numerous scientific and learned bodiesin France, Belgium, and other countries, besides being Fellowof the Royal Societies of Venice and Turin.He lived for surgery in teaching and in practice; and of

the ample fortune he realised in its pursuit he left by willthe sum of 100,000 fr. for the advancement of clinical surgeryin his own school. A splendid funeral attested the admira-tion and love in which he was held, not only in Padua, butthroughout the Italian peninsula, in which his frequent con-sultation journeys had made him acquainted with nearlyevery considerable representative of his art. The Ministerof Public Instruction, in reply to the telegraphic announce-ment of his death and of the sums he had bequeathed foruniversity purposes, sent the following message: " Of hisdevotion to the science and the practice of the professionwhich conferred on him such high distinction, Tito Vanzettihas on his death-bed given generous proof. I shall not failto be represented at his funeral."

Steps are being taken to commemorate him suitably inthe University of Padua, while a selection from his nume-rous memoirs and papers on interesting professional topicswill,it is understood, be issued under distinguished editorship.

Medical News.UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE.—At a congregation

field on Jan. 12th, the following degrees were conferred :-DOCTORS OF MEDICINE.-James Harris Lilley, St. John’s ; HarryGroom. Magdalene.

BACHELORS OF MEDICINE.—Francis Robert Bryant Bisshopp, King’s ;Humphry Davy Rolleston, St. John’s ; Robert Humphrey Marten,Caius ; Ernest Lloyd Jones, non-collegiate.

BACHELORS OF SURGERY.-Francis Robert Bryant Bisshopp, King’s ;Humphry Davy Rolleston, St. John’s ; Robert Humphrey Marten,Caius; Ernest Lloyd Jones, non-collegiate.COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS IN IRELAND.-At exami-

nations held in December and January, the following i,gentlemen obtained the licences in Medicine and Midwiferyof the College :-

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MEDICINE.—William Boake, Thomas Hutchinson Keogh, T. MooreO’Donnell, William McDowe1, Aikin Wright.

MIDWIFERY.—William Boake, James Graham Hojel, Thomas Hopkins,Thomas Hutchinson Keogh, Daniel Joseph O’Mahony.

The undermentioned has been admitted a Member :-Joseph Beatty.

THE annual ball in ai of the funds of the Stratford-on-Avon Hospital was held on the 13t.h inst., and proved, asin former years, very successful.

MR. MORETON, F.R.C.S. Eng., of Tarvin, whilst outwith the Cheshire hounds on the 5th inst., was kicked byanother rider’s horse, and had his leg broken.THE annual meeting of the supporters of the Corn-

wall Trained Nurses’ Home was held at Truro on the llthinst., when satisfactory reports for the past year were pre-sented and adopted.MR. M. B. NAIRN has offered £3000 to the Town

Council of Kirkcaldy for the erection, equipment, and main-tenance in perpetuity of a cottage hospital for the town anddistrict.

PRESENTATION.—On the 14th inst. Prince Christian,as High Steward of the Borough of Windsor, presented SirHenry Simpson, late Mayor of the Borough, with silverplate, value 200 guineas, on behalf of residents in Windsor,in recognition of his services as Mayor last year in connexionwith the local celebration of the Queen’a Jubilee.

SUFFOCATION OF THE QUEEN’S CORONER. -On the14th inst. Mr. Langham, coroner for the Duchy of Lancaster,held an inquest at Clapham on the body of Mr. WilliamThomas Manning, of the Old Farm, New Park Road, Clap-ham Park, coroner to the Queen’s Household, who died onthe 10th inst. from suffocation by coal gas. The jury, inaccordance with the evidence, returned a verdict of "Acci-dental death."

ROYAL EAR HOSPITAL.—The seventy-first annualgeneral meeting of the governors and committee of theRoyal Ear Hospital, Soho, was held on the 10th inst. Dur-

ing the past year the number of patients—larger than in anyformer year-was 2654 out-patients and 56 in-patients,giving 8343 attendances. The total expenditure for the yearamounted to .6722 3s. 3d.

MANCHESTER MEDICAL SOCIETY. -The followinggentlemen have been elected office-bearers for 1888: -President : Dr. Julius Dreschfeld. Vice-Presidents : Drs.Charles James Cullingworth, James Ross, George ArthurWright, and Alfred Harry Young. Treasurer: Dr. C. EdwardGlascott. Secretary: Mr. Frederick Armitage Southam.Elected Members of Committee: Drs. Henry Ambrose GrundyBrooke, Thomas Jones, William N. Maccall, Simeon Holgate0 wen, Frederick Morrish Pierce, T. Carleton Railton, ThomasSmith, Graham Steel], John Williams, and William Yeats;Messrs. Frederick Melland and Alfred W. Stocks. LibraryCommittee: Drs. Abraham Matthewson Edge, AbrahamEmrys-Jones, Siegmund Moritz, James Ross, and WilliamYeats. Auditors: Messrs. William Coates and HenryRichmondHutton.

BEQUESTS.-The late Mr. John Fulton, Edinburgh,has left the following legacies :-To the University of Edin-burgh for the General University Fund, the sum of £3000;to the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, the sum of .62000; tothe Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, the sumof £1000 ; and to the Infirmary of Kilmarnock the sum of£1000.—By her will Mrs. Hannah Sarah Chadwick, late ofBalham, bequeaths on the death of a sister the sum of.626,666 13s. 4d. to the president, vice-president, treasurer,and governors of the Westminster Hospital, and immediatelegacies of S600 to the London Fever Hospital, of £1000each to the Charing-cross and Middlesex Hospitals, the Hos-pital for Consumption at Brompton, the Royal Free Hospital,Gray’s-inn-road, and the Western Dispensary, Rochester-

row.—The late Mr. M’Kenzie has, subject to a life rent,bequeathed £100 to the Greenock Hospital and Dispensary.-The late Miss C. F. Gladstone has by her will requestedthat £100 be given to the Hospital for Women and Children,Shad well.

THE COLLEGE OF STATE MEDICINE.-The followinggentlemen were elected Associates of the College at the

meeting of Council of Jan. 13ch, 1888, Sir Joseph Fairer,K.C.S.l., in the chair :-Charles Adams, M.B., LL.B., Qual.State Med. Dub., Surgeon, 1,M.D., Madras; F. W. Alexander,Dip. Pub. Health, R. Colls. Phys. & Surg. Eng., Mile-endInfirmary; Edward A. Birch, M.D., F.R.C.S.L, Cert. Pub.Health, R. Coll. Phys. Edin., Surgeon-Major, I.M.D., Bengal;Laurence Corban, M.D., Dip. San. Sci., R.U. Irel., Surgeon-Major, Medical Staff ; Peter Cullen, M.D., Cert. Pub. Health,R. Coll. Phys. Edin., Surgeon-Major, I.M.D., Bengal;Benjamin Evers, D.P.H. Cambridge, Surgeon-Major, I.M.D,Bengal; Patrick Hehir, M.D., D.P.H. Camb., Surgeon. I.M.D,Bengal; T. G. McGann, F.R C S.L, D.P.H. Camb., Surgeon-Major, I M.D., Madras; C. J. McNally, M.D., D.P. 11. Camb.,Surgeon-Major, 1,M.D., Madras; W. J. R. Simpson, M.D.,D.P.H. Camb., Medical Officer of Health, Calcutta ; S. I.

Thompson, D.P.H. Camb., Surgeon, I.M.D., Bengal; F. P.Wightwick, M.B., D.P.H, R. Colls. Phys. & Surg. Eng,,St. John’s, Horselydown.LIVERPOOL MEDICAL INSTITUTION.-At the annual

meeting held on the 12th instant, the following listof officers, Council, and Microscopical Committee wasadopted:-President: William Cdrter, M.D., F.R.C.P. Vice-Presidents : R. Robertson, M.D. ; William Williams, M.D.;F. J. Bailey, L.R.C.P.; G. E. Walker, F.R.C.S. Hon. Trea-surer: J. N. Cregeen, L,R.C.P. Hon. General Stcretary:A. Bernard, M.B. Hon. Secretary, Ordinary Meetings: D.Harrisson, M.R.C.S. Hon. Librarian: R. Williams, M.R.C.S.Council : K. A. Grossmann, M.D. ; W. Irvine, M.D.;C. G. Lee, M.R.C.S.; W. P. Rowe, L.R.C.P. ; W. Whit-ford, M.D.; R. Eccles, M.D.; J. B. Nevins, M.D.; E. W.Hope, M.D.; E. H. Dickinson, M.D.; W. J. Fleetwood,M.K.Q.C,P.I.; Robert Jones, M.R.C.S.; C. Puzey, M.R.C.S.Microscopical Committee: W. Alexander, F.R.C.S.; A. Barron,M.B.; P. M. Braidwood, M,D. ; H. Briggs, F.R.C.S.; G.GibsonHamilton, F.R.C.S. Ed.; J. S. Hicks, F.R.C.S.Ed.; J. R.Logan, M.B.; Rushton Parker, F.R.C.S. ; F. T. Paul, F.R.C.S.;W. Williams, M.D.; J. Wiglesworth, M.D. Auditors: W.Whitford, M.D.; T. H. Bickerton, M,R.C.S.