OBJ: I WILL DESCRIBE COMMON FORMS OF HEAT ILLNESSES AND THEIR CAUSESOBJ: I WILL DESCRIBE COLD ILLNESSES AND THEIR CAUSESOBJ: I WILL DESCRIBE METHODS FOR THE PREVENTION OF HEAT AND COLD ILLNESSES

Heat and Cold Illnesses

Review Types of Bleeding and Shock

Arterial BleedingVenous BleedingCapillary BleedingHemorrhagic ShockAnaphylactic ShockPsychogenic ShockMetabolic ShockSymptoms of Shock: draw face with signsTreatment: Call 911, Keep calm, Supine position,

blanket, monitor breathing

Review: Types of Bleeding and Shock

Partner AssignmentCreate Animoto picture and word movie. Include:1.Demonstrate and identify type of shock2.Demonstrate and identify at least 4 signs and symptoms of shock

Do additional research if needed

3.Demonstrate and identify at least 4 treatment options to prevent deathNote: Demonstrate= act out and take pic

Identify= words to describe pic

Korey Stringer

Korey Stringer, an offensive tackle for the Minnesota Vikings, died early yesterday, a day after collapsing from heatstroke at the Vikings' training camp in Mankato, Minn. His death sparked discussion and review of training camp procedures in extreme heat throughout the National Football League.

Stringer, 27, a 6-foot-4-inch, 335-pound league all-star who was entering his seventh professional season, complained of exhaustion after being unable to complete practice on Monday morning in the Vikings' first practice of training camp and was carted off the field. He did not practice Monday afternoon, and he vowed to return on Tuesday for the morning session, which he did. It lasted nearly two and a half hours, and players were in full pads.

Temperatures hovered above 90 degrees and the humidity was stifling. The heat index, combining the effects of temperature and humidity, hit 110. Stringer vomited three times in practice and walked to an air-conditioned shelter. There he complained of dizziness and became weak and began breathing heavily.

Stringer was driven by ambulance to Immanuel St. Joseph's-Mayo Health System, where his temperature was 108 degrees upon arrival. He was unconscious until he died at 1:50 a.m.

The Hydration Impact: The Korey Stringer Story

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4iVxWH_s60

Heat Stress

A condition that occurs when the body cannot maintain homeostasis and the body temperature begins to rise (hyperthermia). The hypothalamus of

the brain is in control of regulating body temperature

Assessing the Risk

There are certain risks that increase the chance of suffering from heat stress Athletes need to be well hydrated, rested and in good

physical condition for temperature regulation work properly Poor condition causes the body to work harder, putting

more strain on the hypothalamusThe heat index combines temperature and

humidity to provide a reference point for various levels of risk associated with exercise under hot and humid conditions The greater the heat index, the more moisture in the air.

The body progressively loses its ability to adequately evaporate moisture

These risks can cause potentially dangerous increases to core temperature

Athletic Activity Guidelines

Bright Yellow Zone CAUTION: Normal practice for athletes, closely monitor new or

unconditioned athletes or all athletes during extreme exertion. Schedule mandatory rest / water breaks. (5 min water / rest break every 25 min)

Gold Zone EXTREME CAUTION: New or unconditioned athletes should not

practice. Well conditioned athletes should have more frequent rest breaks and hydration as well as cautious monitoring for symptoms of heat illness. Schedule frequent mandatory rest / water breaks. (5 min water / rest break every 20 min) Have immersion pool on site for practice.

Orange Zone DANGER: All athletes must be under constant observation and

supervision. Remove pads and equipment. Schedule frequent mandatory rest / water breaks. (5 min water / rest break every 15 min) Have immersion pool on site for practice.

Dark Red Zone EXTREME DANGER: SUSPEND PRACTICE

How have your practices or games been affected on days of extreme heat?

Sports Science Extreme Heat

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0yxigvbx3Ts

General Care of Heat Illnesses

There are varying degrees of heat-illnesses but even the milder ones can become life threatening if not properly treated or managed

Methods of Treatment Reduce body temperature

Moving victim to cool location, removing unnecessary clothing, pouring cool water over extremities

Fanning the victim Increases air circulation and evaporation

Immerse victim in cool water Extremities should be massaged to promote circulation

of cool blood

Avoiding Heat-related Illnesses

Keys to avoid heat-related illnesses Prevention Being aware of the environment Acclimatization Proper Hydration

Heat-related illness include Dehydration Sunburns Heat cramps Heat Syncope Heat Exhaustion Heat Stroke

DehydrationDehydration in athletics occurs

when you use or lose more fluid than you take in, and your body doesn't have enough water and other fluids to carry out its normal functions.

Early Symptoms: Light yellow urine Mild headache Fatigue Reduced endurance and oxygen uptake Feelings of thirst

Serious dehydration Disorientation Irritability No urine output Rapid pulse Complete exhaustion

Treatment for Dehydration

The best treatment is preventionTreatment for Dehydration:Stop your activity and rest.Get out of direct sunlight and lie down in a cool spot Prop up your feetTake off any extra clothes.Drink a rehydration drink, water, juice, or sports drink to replace fluids and mineralsRest for 24 hours

SunburnsCaused by overexposure to

UV light from the sun Can lead to premature aging

and skin cancerMedical attention should be

sought if the burn is severe enough to cause blistering

Treatment Cold washcloth Use of over-the-counter pain

medication Moisturizing lotion or aloe vera

gel can help relieve itching and provide moisture

Prevention Use of sunscreen on exposed skin

Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of 15 or greater

Heat Cramps

Heat cramps are very common and should not be overlooked because they can be the first stage of heat illness Caused by rapid water and

electrolyte loss Occur in various muscles

Calf (most common) Quadriceps Hamstrings Abdominals

Treatment Slow passive stretching with ice Immediate fluid and electrolyte

replacement

Heat Cramps

Heat Syncope

Occurs when the body tries to cool itself through the dilation of blood vessels Also called fainting

Symptoms Lightheadedness Dizziness Headache Nausea Vomiting

Treatment Drinking fluids Stop activity

Heat Exhaustion

A condition of near-total body collapse, where the athlete experiences difficulty dissipating the heat.

Symptoms Skin is cool, moist and pale Generalized weakness Dizziness Nausea Rapid breathing Weak, rapid pulse May progress to heat stroke if not

treatedTreatment

Moving the athlete to the shade Immediate fluid replacement Cooling the body Use ice towels if necessary

Heat Stroke

The most severe heat-related condition, where the body’s heat regulation breaks down

Symptoms Dry, hot skin Strong, rapid pulse Possible mental confusion Unconsciousness

Treatment Move the athlete to shade Cool immediately by removing unnecessary clothing Icing with towels with ice packs in axilla and groin areas Misting and fanning the skin Call 911http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Sh3SFgmGc4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4cUddZEom0k

Cold Illnesses

Review Heat Illnesses

Identify heat illness and treatment options

With no urine output

Sports Science: Cold Weather

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59PEmRIMTo0

Cold Stress

There are 5 ways that the body loses heat Respiration Evaporation Conduction Radiation Convection

Contributing factors Cold temperatures High or cold winds Dampness Cold water

The body has to work harder to maintain its temperature

Evaporation

Rids the body of heat with every expiration

Respiration

•Evaporation of perspiration and other moisture from skin causes body to lose heat

Conduction

When the body is in direct contact with a cooler object. Heat from the body flows to the cooler object Ex. Sitting on cool ground or standing/swimming in

cool water

Radiation

Transfer of heat by infrared rays. Just as the body gains heat from infrared rays of the

sun, it can lose heat by infrared rays to a cooler environment.

Convection

Occurs when heat near the body’s surface is removed by moving air Wind, cool breeze

Wind Chill

Describes the rate of heat loss on the human body resulting from the combined effects of low temperature and wind Wind-chill temperature is a measure of relative

discomfort due to combined cold and wind Developed in 1941 and revised in 2001 to make use of

advances in science and technology

Wind-chill temperatures near or below 0 degrees F indicate a risk of frostbite to exposed flesh

Hypothermia

When heat from the body is lost (from being in a cold environment) faster than it can be replaced

Symptoms Begin when body temp drops to 95 Shivering As body temp continues to drop

Slurred speech Lack of coordination Memory loss

Unconsciousness after body temp reaches 85 Death may occur around 78

Treatment for Hypothermia

1. Call 9112. Restore Warmth SlowlyGet the person indoors.Remove wet clothing and dry the person off, if needed.Warm the person's trunk first, not hands and feet. Warming extremities first can cause shock.Warm the person by wrapping him or her in blankets or putting dry clothing on the person.Do not immerse the person in warm water. Rapid warming can cause heart arrhythmia.3. Begin CPR, if necessary, while warming person4. Give Warm FluidsGive the person a warm drink, if conscious. Avoid caffeine or alcohol

Frostbite

When skin tissues and blood vessels are damaged from exposure to temperatures below 32 degrees F Commonly affects toes, fingers, earlobes, chin,

cheeks, and nose

3 Stages of Frostbite

Stage 1 – Frostnip pins-and-needles sensation skin turns very white and soft

Stage 2 - Superficial frostbite May show blistering Skin is numb, waxy, and frozen Ice crystal form in the skin

Stage 3 – Deep Frostbite Freezing of blood vessels, muscles,

tendons, nerves, and bone. Can lead to permanent damage,

blood clots, gangrene No feeling in the affected area Usually no blistering Serious infection and loss of limb is

frequent Medical attention is needed as soon

as possible

Treatment of Frostbite

Emergency care should be provided. If it is not possible to immediately transport to a hospital, the following steps will help: Bring the individual indoors as soon as possible Apply warm towels or immerse the area in circulating

lukewarm water or 20 minutes. Leave any blisters Do not use hot water or hold the affected area near

fire Offer warm fluids to the athlete, but never alcohol,

which causes the blood to cool quickly Keep the affected areas raised.

Assignment Quiz

Assess your current knowledge and comprehension of information by completing the assignment quiz.

Partner Bingo

Place the following words on your bingo boards:

Dehydration Sunburns Heat cramps Heat Syncope Heat Exhaustion Heat Stroke Respiration Evaporation Conduction Radiation Convection Hypothermia Frostbite Hemorrhagic Shock Anaphylactic shock Psychogenic shock