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Objective: Define Extremophile, give examples of conditions where some extremophiles live and study one extremophile enough to write a cartoon about its life.
Images from NASA, http://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/
Extraterrestrial life-Under what conditions can it
exist?
If and when we find life in space, what do you expect
we’ll find?
What is an extremophile?
Organisms that live where nothing else canOrganisms that live where nothing else can
Extremozymes- enzymes that work
under extremes
Extremozymes- enzymes that work
under extremes
Extreme conditions cause proteins to denature, which
is why fevers can be dangerous.
• Temperature
• pH
• Salt concentration
What happens to us at extremes?
Extremophile“Extreme” “loving”
Extremophile“Extreme” “loving”
Psychrophiles-
low temperatures
Thermophiles- high temperatures
Chemical ExtremesChemical Extremes
AcidophileAlkaliphileHalophile
Dead Sea
Mono Lake- soda lake
More Extremophiles…
Endolith- Lives
inside rocks or
pores of minerals
Giardia
Anaerobe- Lives
without the
presence of
oxygen
1. Carlsbad Caverns National Park: Lechuguilla Cave
2. Yellowstone National Park: Hot Springs
3. Great Salt Lake State Park
4. Cruise Ship over Hydrothermal Vents
5. Kamchatka
6. Indonesia: Kawah Ijen Lake
7. Deep sea trenches
Life at the Extreme!
Chemolithoautotrophic (rock-eating) bacteria
These bacteria feed on the sulfur, iron, and manganese minerals
Can life exist without carbon?
heat-loving microbes include photosynthetic algae, organic matter degraders, and chemolithoautotrophic (rock-eating) bacteria.
The bacteria produce colors which depend on the temperature of the water which favors one bacterium over another.
Can anything live in boiling water?
Our Cells can’t be frozen without serious, long term damage.
Wood frogs can create an antifreeze-like solution in their blood that lets them literally freeze solid (no beating heart or brain activity) until spring thaws then it comes out unharmed.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/nature/life-in-the-abyss.html
Life in the AbyssBy Peter TysonPosted 03.30.99NOVA
The Organisms: *Blind shrimp, *giant white crabs*Tubeworms*Others
The location: Hydrothermal Vents *Pitch darkness *poison gas *heavy metals *extreme acidity *enormous pressure *water both frigid & searing
No Sunlight
No sunlight = no plantsTherefore - all vent life belongs to the animal kingdom.
All other life ever identified, on land or in the sea, gets its energy either directly or indirectly from the sun.
Chemosynthesis: Energy from chemicals! Tiny microbes oxidize the hydrogen sulfide that diffuses out of the vents, providing nutrients for animals higher up the food chain.
Sea anemones and barnacles flourish in complete darkness, drawing energy from breaking down highly toxic chemicals found in the smoke
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2081787/Hydrothermal-vents-Lost-world-unknown-species-Antarctic-sea-bed.html
*The pressure on every part of this octopus's body is over 3,000 pounds per square inch.
*At such pressures, any air pockets, such as lungs, would be crushed flat as a deflated balloon.
*Vent animals have evolved bodies with no such air spaces.
Pressure is on
Normal Pressure: 14.7 pounds per square inch.
In the vent:*deadly toxicants. *hydrogen sulfide
this gas is lethal to most organisms, including many creatures that live
within wafting distance.
pH of waters coming out of black smokers:
2.8There are "naked" snails around hydrothermal vents that could not form their calcium carbonate shells because the water was too acidic.
Acids and Toxins
Tardigrades (Water Bears) can withstand: *Temperatures from just above absolute zero to well above 100oC*Pressures greater than any found in the deepest ocean trenches*The vacuum of outer space *Solar radiation, gamma radiation, ionic radiation— at doses hundreds of times
higher than would kill a person. *They can go without food or water for nearly 10 years, drying out to the point where they are 3% or less water, only to rehydrate, forage, and reproduce. (source: wikipedia)
And the Winner is…
Your TaskCreate a 3 to 5 picture comic strip telling the story of your assigned
extremophile.
Requirements:3 to 5 picturesOne sentence captions with each picture.Must read like an actual comic strip (story-like).Description of environment must be included.
You may use Halftone on your iPad or hand draw.
Meet the Champions
1. Pyrolobus fumarii2. Crypotendoliths3. Alkaliphilic bacteria 4. Deinococcus
radiodurans5. Bacillus substilis6. Halophilic bacteria 7. Foraminifera
Please count off
by sevens!