Objects - History - Stellenbosch Heritage · 2011-09-13 · Objects - History Objects - Assessment A = course / pattern of history B = rarity C = information potential D = characteristic

enters the hatchery in the east corner, runs in a channel across the top of the hatchery, and is led through a series of cement-lined tanks (photo 1) and various aeration devices into the dams below. The top dams are long and narrow (photo 2), while those below are broader and larger. Buildings and structures such as shadecloth-covered 'sheds' with large plastic breeding tanks inside, pump (?) houses, are concentrated in the north east corner, above and behind the hatchery house (Object 01). The hatchery dams are leased by a fly fishing concern.

Condition (short)

good

Architectural Style

History

In 1892 the Government leased some land from the farm and the hatchery and ponds were built (see SAHRA file and 1890s photographs). FG Chaplin was appointed curator in 1907. "He improved the hatchery considerably by enlarging many of the ponds and devising a new system of raceways with waterfalls and rapids . . . Over the course of the next thirty years, he landscaped the hatchery grounds with flowering tress and shrubs, lawns and pathways and planted the embankments and margins of the ponds with violets, wall flowers, ferns and lilies which provided colourful displays throughout the year. The Jonkershoek hatchery became one of the major tourist attractions of Stellenbosch. Visitors were enthralled by the sight of the Jonkershoek peaks in the glow of sunset, reflected in the ponds fringed with lilies and scarlet ixias. During subsequent developments which necessitated the construction of additional concrete tanks and buildings, the hatchery lost much of its early old-world charm and beauty" (Hey 1995:48). Hey describes the Chaplins as living in a stone cottage overlooking the hatchery (Hey 1995: 49), which may be the building visible on the 1938 aerial, surrounded by trees. This may have been the ‘overseer’s house’ referred to in 1894: CA AGR vol 5, 19B pt 1. There is still a house in this position, but it appears to be modern. Dr Hey, who had been appointed biologist at Jonkershoek hatchery in 1937, became curator in 1941. In 1943 the Cape Department of Inland Fisheries was established and the Jonkershoek hatchery became its headquarters and "was enlarged to provide the facilities for the culture of pondfish suitable for stocking farm dams and reservoirs" (Hey 1995:57). It was further enlarged over the next 8 years (Hey 1995:58). Ryan Weaver, who works at the Fly Fishing operation, is currently researching the history of the hatchery and has a collection of old photographs. Tel (office) 021 866 1011; fax 021 866 1404; cell: 083 235 8027; email: [email protected].

Construction Date

1892 onward

Associated People

FG Chaplin, Curator 1907-1941Dr D Hey, Curator 1942-43, then Superintendent and later Director of Dept Inland Fisheries, Director of Dept Nature ConservationJT Geddes Page, Curator 1948-1954 (later Director of Natal Parks Board)Many others: further research required

Associated Events

Creation of Cape Departments of Inland Fisheries (1943) and Nature Conservation (1952)

References

See PropertyRyan Weaver, who works at the Fly Fishing operation, is currently researching the history of the hatchery and has a collection of old photographs. Tel (office) 021 866 1011; fax 021 866 1404; cell: 083 235 8027; email: [email protected].

Significance Statement

The trout hatchery is of outstanding provincial significance in terms of history, culture, science, association with the development of provincial administration and of prominent figures in science and administration, with the development of fisheries research and policy and nature conservation; it has great information and educational potential and is aesthetically magnificent in its setting.

Significance Category

A, B, C, E, F, G, H

Proposed Grading2

Objects - History

Objects - Assessment

A = course / pattern of history

B = rarity

C = information potential

D = characteristic of type

E = aesthetic

F = creative / technical

G = social / cultural / spiritual

H = assoc. NB person / group

I = slavery

17 October 2006 Page 55 of 94

Vulnerablilities

Operating the hatchery is no longer a function of CapeNature, which has primary jurisdiction over the site. Shortage of funds and the need for income-generating development may jeopardise the future of the facility.

NHR Act Status

older than 60 years (S. 34)

Date of Gazette Official Grading

Recommendations

Further research, and on-site interpretation ("scientific archaeology", explaining processes and functions as does industrial archaeology).

Property NameJonkershoek Farm, Jonkershoek, Stellenbos

Composite NameWest of Jonkershoek werf

Heritage Resource NameCapeNature offices, Jonkershoek

Catalogue Number02.15a/02.03

Type of Resourcebuildings

Composite - Objects

PhotoTitleCapeNature Offices, Jonkershoek

Photograph Date06/05

PhotographerPenny Pistorius

Visual Description

The offices at Jonkershoek are low-key modern structures, conventionally constructed of plastered loadbearing masonry with steel windows and corrugated asbestos cement roofs. Two parallel buildings run along the contour, the north one housing the library, the south one offices, with a paved area between them (and utilitarian structures such as carports and storerooms to the east). The south wing has an extension in similar style but on concrete columns, with brick-paved parking beneath. The main entrance is up a flight of stairs from under the wing. In front of the building (south) is a garden with lawns, trees and a stream meandering through water features.

Condition (short)

fair

Architectural Style

modern

History

Jonkershoek hatchery became the headquarters of the newly-created Cape Department of Inland Fisheries in 1943, with Dr D Hey as the first Superintendent of Inland Fisheries, later Director. "A Stellenbosch architect, Mr John Collins was appointed to plan a building incorporating offices, laboratories and an aquarium … and this was erected the following year." (Hey 1995:57).

Objects - Description

Objects - History


Inland Fisheries was incorporated into the newly-created Department of Nature Conservation in 1952 and to house the headquarters "the fisheries building at Jonkershoek was enlarged in 1954 by the addition of a new wing carried on pillars, with offices, a library and storerooms, designed by the Cape Town architect Mr Hugh Floyd. As funds were limited, building was undertaken departmentally under the guidance of the architect and using hired artisans. Savings were effected whenever possible …" (Hey 1995:88, picture p 89). The headquarters and Directorate were moved to Cape Town in 1961, and the research section moved to new premises at Assegaaibosch (02.16) in 1965. The Jonkershoek offices became the management headquarters of the Western Cape regional Department of Nature Conservation.

Construction Date

1944, extended 1954

Associated People

Dr D Hey, first Superintendent (from 1943) and later Director of Dept Inland Fisheries, Director of Dept Nature Conservation from 1952Many others: further research required

Associated Events

Creation of Cape Departments of Inland Fisheries (1943) and Nature Conservation (1952)

References

See Property


The offices are not particularly distinguished architecturally, but unobtrusive. Socio-cultural and historical interest as the buildings were the first headquarters of the newly-created provincial Department of Inland Fisheries (1943), and of the newly-created Department of Nature Conservation (1952), with consequent associations with the activities (including scientific research) of these organisations, and with the people who worked there.


A, C, G, H

Proposed Grading

2 (association with hatchery)

Vulnerablilities

NHR Act Status

Partially older than 60 years (S. 34)


Recommendations

Further research.



B = rarity



E = aesthetic




I = slavery

Property NameJonkershoek Farm, Jonkershoek, Stellenbos

Composite NameWest of Jonkershoek werf

Heritage Resource NameJonkershoek trout hatchery housing


Type of Resourcehousing

Composite - Objects


PhotoTitle'Bosdorp' of timber houses on the ridge north west of Jonkershoek



PhotoTitleSemi detached housing on the ridge west of the trout hatchery



PhotoTitleHouse on the ridge west of the trout hatchery




PhotoTitleManager's house, north east of the trout hatchery, on the hill behind the werf



Visual Description

Around the trout hatchery are various housing villages ('bosdorpe') and staff houses of differing ages and types (see photos). None of the buildings which appear on the 1938 aerial photograph could be located, but some of them may be incorporated into houses that appear to be more recent. Some of the housing probably dates from the 1940s and may be older than 60 years. Not surveyed in detail.

Condition (short)

Good-fair

Architectural Style

Various, 20th C domestic

History

See description.

Construction Date

1940s(?) to 1980s

Associated People

Staff of provincial Forestry, Fishery and Nature Conservation Departments

Associated Events

References


The range of housing types and arrangements demonstrates the provision of various types of staff housing by state departments from the mid-20th C and changing socio-cultural conditions.


A, C, D, G

Proposed Grading

3

Vulnerablilities

NHR Act Status Date of Gazette Official Grading


Objects - History



B = rarity



E = aesthetic




I = slavery


Some houses may be older than 60 years (S. 34)

RecommendationsFurther research: full survey including dating.

Property NameJonkershoek Farm, Jonkershoek, Stellenbosch District

Composite NameJonkershoek werf

Catalogue Number02.15a/01

Type of Resourcefarmstead

Objects1. house2. slave quarters3. longhouse4. cellar5. bell tower6. ring wall7. water channel8 graveyard 9 old road10 garden11 lateral road

Composites (groups of clusters of heritage resources: sub-places and areas)

Photo TitleJonkershoek werf. 2000 aerial photo

Photograph Date2000

PhotographerChief Director: Surveys & Mapping

Photo TitleJonkershoek werf, 1980 orthophoto

Photograph Date1980



Photo TitleSAFCOL hall from the Jonkershoek Road bypass.



Photo TitleSAFCOL Offices from the south east.



Photo TitleSAFCOL Offices from the north west.




Photo TitleJonkershoek werf. 1938 aerial photo.

Photograph Date1938


Photo TitleDetail of 1933 map cam3-2834 showing irrigable lands around Jonkershoek werf, with tributaries and water furrows highlighted

Photograph Date

PhotographerStewart Harris

Photo TitleJonkershoek werf. Drawing from KrugerRoos Survey of the Current Status of Historical Farmsteads around Stellenbosch.

Photograph Date

Photographer

Visual DescriptionThe werf occupies a slight hump on the south facing slope above the water meadows -- the foot of a ridge coming down from Square Tower Peak just to the west. Directly behind the werf is a well-watered valley with a fan of tributaries. Three of the werf buildings are lined up parallel to the river (objects: 01 house, 02 slave quarters, 03 longhouse), with the cellar (Object 04) opposite and lower down in the west corner. There is a bell tower west of

Composite - Description


the house (Object 05). The werf has walls east and west (Object 06) and there is a river running through it in a channel (Object 07). To the east, below the werf, is a walled graveyard (Object 08). The "spine" of the werf is the old Jonkershoek Road (Object 09), which ran through werf below the garden (Object 10). The tarred Jonkershoek road bypasses it in a smooth curve on the south side, running through a forest of poplars. There is a lateral road down to the Eerste Rivier in the south-west corner (Object 11). The werf is used by SAFCOL, which has a modern administration building below the old road near the graveyard (photos 6. 7), accessed from a road along the east edge of the werf. Single storey on the north side facing the werf, it has a parallel wing to the south which is two storeys on a parking basement. Because it is dug into the fall of the land, this wing is shielded from the werf by the lower building. There is also a hall, below and to the west of the SAFCOL building (photo 8). Behind and between the house and slave quarters is a modern outbuilding and garages. A road comes down here from behind the trout hatchery.

ConditionFair/poor

HistoryJan de Jonker was granted this land in 1683 and by the time of his death 15 years later there were several buildings including a small house. The longhouse in the Jonkershoek werf may incorporate fabric of the house he built (Fagan 1979:3). Water supplies and the relationship to the fields had been established. During the 18th century Jonkershoek belonged to the family which owned Lanzerac and the werf may have declined in this period. Between 1801 and 1821 there were considerable improvements, and the essence of the present buildings date from then. In 1801 Jonkershoek came into the sole ownership of Christoffel Groenewald 3rd. During his ownership between 1801 and 1813 its value jumped 24-fold, and even then it was underpriced: it was sold in 1817 for f30,000 to a property speculator who re-sold same day for f41,920. Then again, between 1817 and 1821 when Arend Brink owned it, it doubled to f74,017. So the first 20 years of the 19th century -- associated with the boom years of the wine trade -- saw great enhancement of the farm and werf. The werf and building clusters lasted in this form till the end of the 19th century and is substantially in place today (Fagan 1979:2a,2b). In 1821 the werf consisted of four buildings. It possibly had a wall round it -- the present one is late 19th century. At the entry were two half-hipped thatch roof buildings opposite each other, the south one a wine cellar and the north one, Fagan suggests, slave quarters. Next, in line with this, was the homestead. It is an H shape but the rear wing is at an angle, demonstrating that it had grown over time. From an examination of the building fabric, Fagan shows that the rear was built first, then the front section was added. Both had thatch roofs and were linked by a section with a flat lime roof. Fagan deduced that the front section had straight gable ends and a simple central gable. Beyond, also in line, was another older building (longhouse) which Fagan ascertained was an earlier homestead. Clearly, the place had been subjected to a series of building episodes but it is not possible to say who brought the improvements about. Christoffel Groenewald 3rd (1801-13) and Andries Brink (1817-21) were the owners when its value increased so are very likely candidates, but Fransen and Cook suggest Pieter Gerhard Neethling who owned it 1823-61. Pieter Gerhard Neethling and his son Paul Pieter massively increased the size of the farm, and in 1877 PP Neethling went bankrupt. His Inventory describes a house with 5 bedrooms, living room, dining room, pantry, kitchen and passage (gang) -- possibly the present H shaped house. There was also a wine cellar with vats and a smithy (smidswinkel). The property was then owned by the Watermeyer family. In the early 20th century the main house acquired a curved front gable and tiled roof with raised eaves and dormer windows. (see Fagan 1979 for detailed accounts of each building based on archival research and building fabric inspection, and garden layout c1916). Meantime there were changes to the buildings, keeping them up-to-date (See Objects). The werf was acquired by the State in 1934. PHS declaration pending (SAHRA database). See SAHRA file 2/K/Ste/73 and current file. Includes letters, maps, evaluation, and a detailed study by Gwen and Gawie Fagan (Fagan, GT, "Jonkershoek: Voorlopige verslag vir restourasiewerk", unpublished report, May 1979). Objects mentioned in the proposed declaration: ringmuur, woonhuis, slawehuis, kelder, graveyard (outside werf).

Associated PeopleSee Jonkershoek Historical Property

AssociatedEvents

ReferencesFagan 1979Fransen and Cook 1980:158Fransen 2004:199De Bosdari 1953:631902 Brink Map CA M2-409 shows location of grants1938 aerial photograph.Cam3-2834

Composite - History


1980 orthophoto2000 aerial photograph.For references of old photographs, see photos See also Property and Jonkershoek Historical Property

Significance StatementHistorical farm werf in which layers of fabric demonstrate historical and architectural developments from the 17th C to the mid-20th C - a rare example in which 20th C alterations have not been destroyed by restoration. Great archaeological potential in the building fabric and under ground. Associated with development of adjacent trout hatchery and thence creation of Department of Nature Conservation, also with development of state forestry.

Significance CategoryA, B, C, D, E, G, H, (I)

Proposed Grading2, possibly 1

VulnerablilitiesUncertainty regarding future ownership, jurisdiction and use of the historical buildings at the werf, as State assets are subject to negotiation. Shortage of funds for maintenance and conservation will probably result in the werf being subject to a proposal call for income-generating development (as public-private partnership) at some stage.

RecommendationsFull heritage study of werf in context so that the pending declaration of Jonkershoek farm as a provincial heritage site may proceed. Conservation-development parameters must be clearly established. Restoration that removes 20th C layers should not be considered without detailed study and debate. All layers are significant.

Official Grading NHR Act StatusDeclaration (as PHS) pending

Date of Gazette

Composite - Assessment


B = rarity



E = aesthetic




I = slavery

Property NameJonkershoek Farm, Jonkershoek, Stellenbosch District


Heritage Resource NameJonkershoek house


Type of Resourcehouse

Composite - Objects

PhotoTitleJonkershoek house from the south west, with longhouse beyond




PhotoTitleJonkershoek house, front.



PhotoTitleJonkershoek house from south west.



PhotoTitleJonkershoek house from north west.


PhotographerStewart Harris


PhotoTitleJonkershoek house, early 20th C. (AG14970)

Photograph Dateearly 20th C

PhotographerArthur Elliot

PhotoTitleJonkershoek House, side gables. 1951. UCT.

Photograph Date1951

PhotographerUCT, unknown

Visual Description

H-shaped, south facing house with holbol end gables with pointed caps and vases on the shoulders, and a matching but narrow front gable. End gables have false windows with plaster surrounds, except south east gable, which has a door to the loft and a masonry stair to it. The roof is clay tiled and there are barley twist chimneys to the back wing, and to the front wing two triangular-topped dormer gables each side of the main gable, above each window below. The windows are Georgian sashes. The front door is a Georgian panelled double door and there is another door at each end of the front façade, both with lower lintels than the other openings. All openings have plaster surrounds (pilasters, ornate curved mouldings above, and moulded sills below). There is a raised stoep with central stairs and curved end walls. Formal garden to east, yard behind, werf garden in front (see Object 10)

Condition (short)

Fair

Architectural Style

Cape, altered

History

See Fagan, GT, "Jonkershoek: Voorlopige verslag vir restourasiewerk", unpublished report, May 1979, for detailed accounts of each building based on archival research and building fabric inspection. See also Historical Notes, Jonkershoek Historical Property 02.15/00. Unlike Assegaaibosch opposite, which was largely built in ‘one go’, Jonkershoek’s H shaped house came into being in many separate building episodes. The rear wing is the oldest, and sits at a slight angle to the werf geometry: its ceiling beams indicate it was built in the 18th century. Early in the 19th century another wing was constructed in front of it and the two thatched buildings were linked with a flat-roofed connection to form an H. Dramatic increases in resale prices in the early 19th century indicate several episodes in this period, carried out by Christoffel Groenewald 3rd (sole ownership 1801-1813) and Arend Brink (1817-1821) and possibly also PG Neethling (1823-61). Fagan deduced that the front section had


Objects - History


straight gable ends and a simple central gable. Between 1884 and 1911, when the Watermeyer brothers owned the estate, the house had its thatch replaced by a Italian tiled roof, raised 600mm at the eaves. Dormer windows were inserted (which served no purpose as the roof space was not used). The straight front gable was replaced with a curved one resembling the end-gables and a new window inserted to match the dormers. The rear wing was also elaborated in similar style, including the probably addition of barleysugar chimneys. In a couple of stages in 1911 and 1921 the property passed to Maria Magdelena Johanna Watermeyer. Bathrooms and breakfast room with matchboard ceilings were added in about the 1930’s.

Construction Date

Chiefly early 19th C

Associated People

See Property and Werf.

Associated Events

References

See Property and Werf.


A rare unrestored H-shaped Cape house, dating from the early 19th C and updated at various periods so that it has many layers of historical fabric. The key building of the historical werf at Jonkershoek. Fine detailing and materials. Associated with historical farming in the upper valley; also with the establishment of state forestry.


A, B, C, D, E (G, H, I)

Proposed Grading

2

VulnerablilitiesSee werf.

NHR Act Status

Declaration as PHS pending


Recommendations

See werf.



B = rarity



E = aesthetic




I = slavery

Property NameJonkershoek Farm, Jonkershoek, Stellenbo


Heritage Resource NameJonkershoek slave quarters

Catalogue Number02.15a /01.02

Type of Resourceoutbuilding

Composite - Objects


PhotoTitleJonkershoek slave quarters from the south west



PhotoTitleJonkershoek slave quarters, east end gable



PhotoTitleJonkershoek slave quarters, late 19th C. Detail of CADrJ124

Photograph Date late 19th C.

Photographer


PhotoTitleJonkershoek slave quarters, detail of late 19th C photo of Godfrey Watermeyer's farm, UCT.

Photograph Date late 19th C.

PhotographerUCT

Visual Description

A long, south-facing building in line with and to the west of the house. It has a tiled roof with a narrow central holbol gable flanked by holbol dormer windows (all with shuttered windows), and holbol end gables -- the east one has a loft door and timber stair. The south side has a central (modern stable) door flanked by double timber casements and then another door and casement each side -- those on the right are at the same level, but the left ones are lower. The rhythm of these bays differs from that of the gables and dormers. To the far right is another door flanked by windows, at a higher level, and to the left is a door-and-window, door-and-window. The front stoep steps down in a slope to the left of the central stairs to accommodate the level changes. The north side has modern horizontal timber windows.

Condition (short)

Fair/poor

Architectural Style

Cape, altered

History

See Fagan, GT, "Jonkershoek: Voorlopige verslag vir restourasiewerk", unpublished report, May 1979) for detailed accounts of each building based on archival research and building fabric inspection. The first 20 years of the 19th century -- associated with the boom years of the wine trade -- saw great enhancement of the farm and werf. The werf and buildings lasted in this form till the end of the 19th century and are substantially in place today. In 1821, Fagan asserts, this was slave quarters. Late 19th C photos (photos 4, 5) show the building thatched, with a half-hipped west end gable, a straight east end gable and a chimney towards the west end. In one of them a wall can be seen extending from the west end northward, perhaps enclosing a back courtyard; in the other there is apparently a walled enclosure on the west side of the building. The building was tiled and altered in the early 20th C when the Watermeyers modernised the house and has been further altered subsequently.

Construction Date

early 19th C

Associated People

See Property.

Associated Events

References

See Property.


A rare unrestored Cape outbuilding, possibly slave quarters, dating from the early 19th C and updated at various periods so that it has many layers of historical fabric. One of the four historical buildings of the werf at Jonkershoek. Associated with historical farming in the upper valley and the history of slavery; also with the establishment of state forestry.


Objects - History




A, B, C, D, E G, (H), I

Proposed Grading

2

Vulnerablilities

See werf.

NHR Act Status

Declaration as PHS pending


Recommendations

See werf.


B = rarity



E = aesthetic




I = slavery

Property NameJonkershoek Farm, Jonkershoek, Stellenbo


Heritage Resource NameJonkershoek longhouse

Catalogue Number02.15a /01.03

Type of Resourceoutbuilding

Composite - Objects

PhotoTitleJonkershoek longhouse from the south west



PhotoTitleJonkershoek longhouse, east end




PhotoTitleJonkershoek longhouse, early 20th C. E1132.



PhotoTitleJonkershoek longhouse, early 20th C. E14969.



PhotoTitleJonkershoek longhouse, 1951.UCT

Photograph Date1951

PhotographerUCT


PhotoTitleJonkershoek longhouse from the east, showing second gable, right. Detail of 1950s photo. UCT

Photograph Date1950s

PhotographerUCT

Visual Description

A long, south-facing building in line with and to the east of the house. It has two parts. West is a 3-bay portion with holbol end gables and front gable, a corrugated iron roof and a barley-twist chimney. Under the gable is a 4-panelled Victorian door with fanlight and attached casement windows each side. Left and right (but not symmetrical) are 3x4 sashes. It has a raised stoep with cement stairs to the door, and a flower bed enclosed in a low wall in front. Attached to it on the east is a longer portion with plain corrugated iron roof, a matching holbol end gable and various windows (a 2x3 timber casement, steel casements of various sizes). The line of the adjacent stoep is continued by a retaining wall and raised planting bed, and the front garden wall continues for the length of both buildings.

Condition (short)

fair

Architectural Style

Cape, altered

History

See Fagan, GT, "Jonkershoek: Voorlopige verslag vir restourasiewerk", unpublished report, May 1979) for detailed accounts of each building based on archival research and building fabric inspection. The first 20 years of the 19th century -- associated with the boom years of the wine trade -- saw great enhancement of the farm and werf, including the construction of the present house. Fagan and Fransen both suggest that this building incorporates an earlier house than the present one. It has been periodically altered. The west part of the building was tiled and altered in the early 20th C when the Watermeyers modernised the house (the chimney dates from this period). Early 20th C photos (photos 3, 4) show the house part with a 3x4 window in the west end gable (now gone), a door with fanlight under the front gable, flanked by very narrow windows, a 2x4 casement to the left and a lower window to the right. The eastern part was longer than at present (see also1938 aerial in Werf Composite) and it also had a front gable (still present in 1951, see photo 5). It had a corrugated iron roof, and various windows. In 1965 Fransen records that this part of the building was stables. The front gable and the section beyond it were demolished at some stage after 195, and none of the original woodwork has survived.

Construction Date

Before early 19th C

Associated People

See Property.

Associated Events

References

See Property.



Objects - History



Documents

Objects - History - Stellenbosch Heritage · 2011-09-13 · Objects - History Objects - Assessment A = course / pattern of history B = rarity C = information potential D = characteristic