Obligation &Prohibition

GROUP 7

Halia * M. Agus * M. Dede *

Rahmatin * Riska

Obligation• Must & have to dipakai untuk

mengungkapkan suatu keharusan untuk melakukan sesuatu.

• Must mengandung makna keharusan yang lebih kuat karena dilakukan atas kemauan sendiri

• Have to suatu keharusan yang dilakukan karena keterpaksaan (atas kemauan pihak lain), kalau tidak dilakukan ada unsur resiko

• Should & ought to mempunyai makna yang sama : mengandung arti/bersifat saran bahwa sesuatu perlu dilakukan

• Had mengandung arti yang hampir sama dengan have to yaitu saran yang maknanya lebih kuat, mendesak, mengandung resiko buruk bila tidak dilakukan

• Would rather keharusan yang hampir sama dengan must, tidak mengandung suatu resiko

• Need to sebagai kata kerja mengandung makna keharusan internal. Bahwa subyek merasa perlu melakukan atau sesuatu tindakan perlu dilakukan untuk kepentingan subyek

• sebagai contoh lain: The monitoring of heartbeats is needed in ICU to observe the patient’s life time

Structure (Must)

• Subject + auxiliary “must” + main verb (infinitive)

• Example :• I must go home• You must visit us• Must : Use in

present & future tenses

Structure (Have to)

• subject + auxiliary verb + have + infinitive (with to)

subject auxiliary verb

main verb have

infinitive (with to)

+ She has to work.  

- I do not have to see the doctor.

? Did you have to go to school?

Use in tenses subject auxiliary

verbmain verb have

infinitive

past simple I   had to work yesterday.

present simple

I   have to work today.

future simple

I will have to work tomorrow.

present continuous

She is having to wait.  

present perfect

We have had to change the time.

modal (may)

They may have to do it again.

Prohibition

• Prohibition : larangan, merupakan bentuk negatif dari Obligation (keharusan), atau bentuk negatif dari ijin (permission)

OBLIGATION PROHIBITIONHave to Do/does + not 

+ have toMust Must + notShould Should + notOught to  Ought + not + 

toHad better Had better not

Structure (must not)

• subject + must not + main verb (infinitive without “to”)

subject auxiliary must + not main verb

I mustn't forget my keys.You mustn't disturb him.Students must not be late.

• Dalam bentuk negatif ada perbedaan jelas antara musn’t dan don’t have to

• Do/doesn’t have to : tidak adanya keharusan untuk melakukan sesuatu

You don’t have to give a tip for nurse’s service (boleh dilakukan atau tidak)• Mustn’t : keharusan untuk tidak melakukan

sesuatu. You musn’t smoke in this hospital area (dilarang)

• Shouldn’t, oughtn’t, had better not : mengandung arti saran negatif, bahwa sesuatu sebaiknya tidak boleh dilakukan.May May + not

Can Can + notTo be allowed To be + not + 

allowedShould + avoid + verb-

ingMenghindari, sebaiknya tidak

Have to

Exercise Put in must not or do not / does not

We have a lot of work tomorrow. You _____ be late

Answer : We have a lot of work tomorrow. You must not be late

Put in must not or do not / does not

You _____ tell anyone what I just told you. It’s a secret.

Answer : You mustn’t tell anyone what I just told you. It’s a secret.

Put in must not or do not / does not

The museum is free. You _____ pay to get in.

Answer :The museum is free. You don’t have to pay to get in.

Put in must not or do not / does not

John’s a millionaire. He ____ go to work.

Answer :John’s a millionaire. He doesn’t have to go to work.

Put in must not or do not / does not

He _____ cook tonight because he’s going to a restaurant.

Answer : He doesn’t have to cook tonight

because he’s going to a restaurant.

Thank You :D