Obligations and Contracts I- Codal.pdf

7/26/2019 Obligations and Contracts I- Codal.pdf

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BOOK IV

OBLIGATIONS AND CONTRACTS

Title. I. - OBLIGATIONS

CHAPTER 1

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Art. 1156. An obli!tion i" ! #$ri%i&!l ne&e""it' to i(e) to %o or not to %o. *n+

Art. 115,. Obli!tion" !ri"e ro/

*1+ L!0

*2+ Contr!&t"

*3+ 4$!"i-&ontr!&t"

*+ A&t" or oi""ion" $ni"7e% b' l!0 !n%

*5+ 4$!"i-%eli&t". *189:!+

Art. 1159. Obli!tion" %eri(e% ro l!0 !re not re"$e%. Onl' t7o"e e;re""l' %eterine%in t7i" Co%e or in "e&i!l l!0" !re %e!n%!ble) !n% "7!ll be re$l!te% b' t7e re&et" o t7el!0 07i&7 e"t!bli"7e" t7e !n% !" to 07!t 7!" not been ore"een) b' t7e ro(i"ion" o t7i"BooVII) o t7i" BooVIII o t7i" Boo


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Art. 1165. 7en 07!t i" to be %eli(ere% i" ! %eterin!te t7in) t7e &re%itor) in !%%ition to

t7e ri7t r!nte% 7i b' Arti&le 11,8) !' &oel t7e %ebtor to !


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Art. 11,3. T7e !$lt or nelien&e o t7e oblior &on"i"t" in t7e oi""ion o t7!t %ilien&e

07i&7 i" re=$ire% b' t7e n!t$re o t7e obli!tion !n% &orre"on%" 0it7 t7e &ir&$"t!n&e" o

t7e er"on") o t7e tie !n% o t7e l!&e. 7en nelien&e "7o0" b!% !it7) t7e ro(i"ion"

o Arti&le" 11,1 !n% 2281) !r!r!7 2) "7!ll !l'.

I t7e l!0 or &ontr!&t %oe" not "t!te t7e %ilien&e 07i&7 i" to be ob"er(e% in t7e

eror!n&e) t7!t 07i&7 i" e;e&te% o ! oo% !t7er o ! !il' "7!ll be re=$ire%. *118!+

Art. 11,. E;&et in &!"e" e;re""l' "e&iie% b' t7e l!0) or 07en it i" ot7er0i"e %e&l!re%

b' "ti$l!tion) or 07en t7e n!t$re o t7e obli!tion re=$ire" t7e !""$tion o ri"


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er"on) t7e obli!tion "7!ll t!


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&oer&e) or %i"!e!r" in "$&7 ! 0!' t7!t it" e;i"ten&e i" $n


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Obli!tion" 0it7 ! re"ol$tor' erio% t!


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Art. 11::. A er"on !ltern!ti(el' bo$n% b' %ierent re"t!tion" "7!ll &oletel' erorone o t7e.

T7e &re%itor &!nnot be &oelle% to re&ei(e !rt o one !n% !rt o t7e ot7er $n%ert!


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Art. 1286. 7en onl' one re"t!tion 7!" been !ree% $on) b$t t7e oblior !' ren%er

!not7er in "$b"tit$tion) t7e obli!tion i" &!lle% !&$lt!ti(e.

T7e lo"" or %eterior!tion o t7e t7in inten%e% !" ! "$b"tit$te) t7ro$7 t7e nelien&e o

t7e oblior) %oe" not ren%er 7i li!ble. B$t on&e t7e "$b"tit$tion 7!" been !%e) t7e

oblior i" li!ble or t7e lo"" o t7e "$b"tit$te on !&&o$nt o 7i" %el!') nelien&e or r!$%.

*n+

SECTION . - oint !n% Soli%!r' Obli!tion"

Art. 128,. T7e &on&$rren&e o t0o or ore &re%itor" or o t0o or ore %ebtor" in one !n%t7e "!e obli!tion %oe" not il' t7!t e!&7 one o t7e orer 7!" ! ri7t to %e!n%) ort7!t e!&7 one o t7e l!tter i" bo$n% to ren%er) entire &oli!n&e 0it7 t7e re"t!tion. T7erei" ! "oli%!r' li!bilit' onl' 07en t7e obli!tion e;re""l' "o "t!te") or 07en t7e l!0 or t7en!t$re o t7e obli!tion re=$ire" "oli%!rit'. *113,!+

Art. 1289. I ro t7e l!0) or t7e n!t$re or t7e 0or%in o t7e obli!tion" to 07i&7 t7e

re&e%in !rti&le reer" t7e &ontr!r' %oe" not !e!r) t7e &re%it or %ebt "7!ll be re"$e%

to be %i(i%e% into !" !n' "7!re" !" t7ere !re &re%itor" or %ebtor") t7e &re%it" or %ebt"bein &on"i%ere% %i"tin&t ro one !not7er) "$b#e&t to t7e R$le" o Co$rt o(ernin t7e

$ltili&it' o "$it". *1139!+

Art. 128:. I t7e %i(i"ion i" io""ible) t7e ri7t o t7e &re%itor" !' be re#$%i&e% onl' b'

t7eir &olle&ti(e !&t") !n% t7e %ebt &!n be enor&e% onl' b' ro&ee%in !!in"t !ll t7e

%ebtor". I one o t7e l!tter "7o$l% be in"ol(ent) t7e ot7er" "7!ll not be li!ble or 7i" "7!re.

*113:+

Art. 1218. T7e in%i(i"ibilit' o !n obli!tion %oe" not ne&e""!ril' i(e ri"e to "oli%!rit'. Nor

%oe" "oli%!rit' o it"el il' in%i(i"ibilit'. *n+

Art. 1211. Soli%!rit' !' e;i"t !lt7o$7 t7e &re%itor" !n% t7e %ebtor" !' not be bo$n% int7e "!e !nner !n% b' t7e "!e erio%" !n% &on%ition". *118+

Art. 1212. E!&7 one o t7e "oli%!r' &re%itor" !' %o 07!te(er !' be $"e$l to t7e ot7er")

b$t not !n't7in 07i&7 !' be re#$%i&i!l to t7e l!tter. *111!+

Art. 1213. A "oli%!r' &re%itor &!nnot !""in 7i" ri7t" 0it7o$t t7e &on"ent o t7e ot7er". *n+

Art. 121. T7e %ebtor !' !' !n' one o t7e "oli%!r' &re%itor" b$t i !n' %e!n%) #$%i&i!l

or e;tr!#$%i&i!l) 7!" been !%e b' one o t7e) !'ent "7o$l% be !%e to 7i. *112!+

Art. 1215. No(!tion) &oen"!tion) &on$"ion or rei""ion o t7e %ebt) !%e b' !n' o t7e

"oli%!r' &re%itor" or 0it7 !n' o t7e "oli%!r' %ebtor") "7!ll e;tin$i"7 t7e obli!tion)0it7o$t re#$%i&e to t7e ro(i"ion" o Arti&le 121:.

T7e &re%itor 07o !' 7!(e e;e&$te% !n' o t7e"e !&t") !" 0ell !" 7e 07o &olle&t" t7e %ebt)

"7!ll be li!ble to t7e ot7er" or t7e "7!re in t7e obli!tion &orre"on%in to t7e. *113+

Art. 1216. T7e &re%itor !' ro&ee% !!in"t !n' one o t7e "oli%!r' %ebtor" or "oe or !ll

o t7e "i$lt!neo$"l'. T7e %e!n% !%e !!in"t one o t7e "7!ll not be !n ob"t!&le to


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t7o"e 07i&7 !' "$b"e=$entl' be %ire&te% !!in"t t7e ot7er") "o lon !" t7e %ebt 7!" not

been $ll' &olle&te%. *11!+

Art. 121,. P!'ent !%e b' one o t7e "oli%!r' %ebtor" e;tin$i"7e" t7e obli!tion. I t0o

or ore "oli%!r' %ebtor" oer to !') t7e &re%itor !' &7oo"e 07i&7 oer to !&&et.

He 07o !%e t7e !'ent !' &l!i ro 7i" &o-%ebtor" onl' t7e "7!re 07i&7 &orre"on%"to e!&7) 0it7 t7e intere"t or t7e !'ent !lre!%' !%e. I t7e !'ent i" !%e beore t7e

%ebt i" %$e) no intere"t or t7e inter(enin erio% !' be %e!n%e%.

7en one o t7e "oli%!r' %ebtor" &!nnot) be&!$"e o 7i" in"ol(en&') reib$r"e 7i" "7!re to

t7e %ebtor !'in t7e obli!tion) "$&7 "7!re "7!ll be borne b' !ll 7i" &o-%ebtor") in

roortion to t7e %ebt o e!&7. *115!+

Art. 1219. P!'ent b' ! "oli%!r' %ebtor "7!ll not entitle 7i to reib$r"eent ro 7i" &o-

%ebtor" i "$&7 !'ent i" !%e !ter t7e obli!tion 7!" re"&ribe% or be&oe ille!l. *n+

Art. 121:. T7e rei""ion !%e b' t7e &re%itor o t7e "7!re 07i&7 !e&t" one o t7e "oli%!r'

%ebtor" %oe" not rele!"e t7e l!tter ro 7i" re"on"ibilit' to0!r%" t7e &o-%ebtor") in &!"et7e %ebt 7!% been tot!ll' !i% b' !n'one o t7e beore t7e rei""ion 0!" ee&te%.

*116!+

Art. 1228. T7e rei""ion o t7e 07ole obli!tion) obt!ine% b' one o t7e "oli%!r' %ebtor")

%oe" not entitle 7i to reib$r"eent ro 7i" &o-%ebtor". *n+

Art. 1221. I t7e t7in 7!" been lo"t or i t7e re"t!tion 7!" be&oe io""ible 0it7o$t t7e

!$lt o t7e "oli%!r' %ebtor") t7e obli!tion "7!ll be e;tin$i"7e%.

I t7ere 0!" !$lt on t7e !rt o !n' one o t7e) !ll "7!ll be re"on"ible to t7e &re%itor) or

t7e ri&e !n% t7e !'ent o %!!e" !n% intere"t) 0it7o$t re#$%i&e to t7eir !&tion

!!in"t t7e $ilt' or nelient %ebtor.

I t7ro$7 ! ort$ito$" e(ent) t7e t7in i" lo"t or t7e eror!n&e 7!" be&oe io""ible

!ter one o t7e "oli%!r' %ebtor" 7!" in&$rre% in %el!' t7ro$7 t7e #$%i&i!l or e;tr!#$%i&i!l

%e!n% $on 7i b' t7e &re%itor) t7e ro(i"ion" o t7e re&e%in !r!r!7 "7!ll !l'.

*11,!+

Art. 1222. A "oli%!r' %ebtor !') in !&tion" ile% b' t7e &re%itor) !(!il 7i"el o !ll

%een"e" 07i&7 !re %eri(e% ro t7e n!t$re o t7e obli!tion !n% o t7o"e 07i&7 !re

er"on!l to 7i) or ert!in to 7i" o0n "7!re. it7 re"e&t to t7o"e 07i&7 er"on!ll' belon

to t7e ot7er") 7e !' !(!il 7i"el t7ereo onl' !" re!r%" t7!t !rt o t7e %ebt or 07i&7

t7e l!tter !re re"on"ible. *119!+

SECTION 5. - Di(i"ible !n% In%i(i"ible Obli!tion"

Art. 1223. T7e %i(i"ibilit' or in%i(i"ibilit' o t7e t7in" t7!t !re t7e ob#e&t o obli!tion" in07i&7 t7ere i" onl' one %ebtor !n% onl' one &re%itor %oe" not !lter or o%i' t7e ro(i"ion"o C7!ter 2 o t7i" Title. *11:+

Art. 122. A #oint in%i(i"ible obli!tion i(e" ri"e to in%enit' or %!!e" ro t7e tie

!n'one o t7e %ebtor" %oe" not &ol' 0it7 7i" $n%ert!


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been re!%' to $lill t7eir roi"e" "7!ll not &ontrib$te to t7e in%enit' be'on% t7e

&orre"on%in ortion o t7e ri&e o t7e t7in or o t7e (!l$e o t7e "er(i&e in 07i&7 t7e

obli!tion &on"i"t". *1158+

Art. 1225. @or t7e $ro"e" o t7e re&e%in !rti&le") obli!tion" to i(e %einite t7in" !n%

t7o"e 07i&7 !re not "$"&etible o !rti!l eror!n&e "7!ll be %eee% to be in%i(i"ible.

7en t7e obli!tion 7!" or it" ob#e&t t7e e;e&$tion o ! &ert!in n$ber o %!'" o 0or


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GENERAL PROVISIONS

Art. 1231. Obli!tion" !re e;tin$i"7e%/

*1+ B' !'ent or eror!n&e/

*2+ B' t7e lo"" o t7e t7in %$e/

*3+ B' t7e &on%on!tion or rei""ion o t7e %ebt

*+ B' t7e &on$"ion or erer o t7e ri7t" o &re%itor !n% %ebtor

*5+ B' &oen"!tion

*6+ B' no(!tion.

Ot7er &!$"e" o e;tin$i"7ent o obli!tion") "$&7 !" !nn$lent) re"&i""ion) $lillent o! re"ol$tor' &on%ition) !n% re"&rition) !re o(erne% el"e07ere in t7i" Co%e. *1156!+

SECTION 1. - P!'ent or Peror!n&e

Art. 1232. P!'ent e!n" not onl' t7e %eli(er' o one' b$t !l"o t7e eror!n&e) in !n'ot7er !nner) o !n obli!tion. *n+

Art. 1233. A %ebt "7!ll not be $n%er"too% to 7!(e been !i% $nle"" t7e t7in or "er(i&e in

07i&7 t7e obli!tion &on"i"t" 7!" been &oletel' %eli(ere% or ren%ere%) !" t7e &!"e !'

be. *115,+

Art. 123. I t7e obli!tion 7!" been "$b"t!nti!ll' erore% in oo% !it7) t7e oblior !'

re&o(er !" t7o$7 t7ere 7!% been ! "tri&t !n% &olete $lillent) le"" %!!e" "$ere%

b' t7e obliee. *n+

Art. 1235. 7en t7e obliee !&&et" t7e eror!n&e)


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Art. 123:. In obli!tion" to i(e) !'ent !%e b' one 07o %oe" not 7!(e t7e ree %i"o"!l

o t7e t7in %$e !n% &!!&it' to !lien!te it "7!ll not be (!li%) 0it7o$t re#$%i&e to t7e

ro(i"ion" o Arti&le 12, $n%er t7e Title on FNatural Obligations.F *1168!+

Art. 128. P!'ent "7!ll be !%e to t7e er"on in 07o"e !(or t7e obli!tion 7!" been

&on"tit$te%) or 7i" "$&&e""or in intere"t) or !n' er"on !$t7orie% to re&ei(e it. *1162!+

Art. 121. P!'ent to ! er"on 07o i" in&!!&it!te% to !%ini"ter 7i" roert' "7!ll be

(!li% i 7e 7!"


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Ho0e(er) 07en t7e %ebt i" in !rt li=$i%!te% !n% in !rt $nli=$i%!te%) t7e &re%itor !'

%e!n% !n% t7e %ebtor !' ee&t t7e !'ent o t7e orer 0it7o$t 0!itin or t7e

li=$i%!tion o t7e l!tter. *116:!+

Art. 12:. T7e !'ent o %ebt" in one' "7!ll be !%e in t7e &$rren&' "ti$l!te%) !n% i it

i" not o""ible to %eli(er "$&7 &$rren&') t7en in t7e &$rren&' 07i&7 i" le!l ten%er in t7e

P7iliine".

T7e %eli(er' o roi""or' note" !'!ble to or%er) or bill" o e;&7!ne or ot7er er&!ntile

%o&$ent" "7!ll ro%$&e t7e ee&t o !'ent onl' 07en t7e' 7!(e been &!"7e%) or 07en

t7ro$7 t7e !$lt o t7e &re%itor t7e' 7!(e been i!ire%.

In t7e e!ntie) t7e !&tion %eri(e% ro t7e oriin!l obli!tion "7!ll be 7el% in t7e

!be'!n&e. *11,8+

Art. 1258. In &!"e !n e;tr!or%in!r' inl!tion or %el!tion o t7e &$rren&' "ti$l!te% "7o$l%

"$er(ene) t7e (!l$e o t7e &$rren&' !t t7e tie o t7e e"t!bli"7ent o t7e obli!tion "7!ll

be t7e b!"i" o !'ent) $nle"" t7ere i" !n !reeent to t7e &ontr!r'. *n+

Art. 1251. P!'ent "7!ll be !%e in t7e l!&e %e"in!te% in t7e obli!tion.

T7ere bein no e;re"" "ti$l!tion !n% i t7e $n%ert!


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I t7e %ebt" %$e !re o t7e "!e n!t$re !n% b$r%en) t7e !'ent "7!ll be !lie% to !ll o

t7e roortion!tel'. *11,!+

S?BSECTION 2. - P!'ent b' Ce""ion

Art. 1255. T7e %ebtor !' &e%e or !""in 7i" roert' to 7i" &re%itor" in !'ent o 7i"%ebt". T7i" &e""ion) $nle"" t7ere i" "ti$l!tion to t7e &ontr!r') "7!ll onl' rele!"e t7e %ebtorro re"on"ibilit' or t7e net ro&ee%" o t7e t7in !""ine%. T7e !reeent" 07i&7) ont7e ee&t o t7e &e""ion) !re !%e bet0een t7e %ebtor !n% 7i" &re%itor" "7!ll be o(erne%b' "e&i!l l!0". *11,5!+

S?BSECTION 3. - Ten%er o P!'ent !n% Con"in!tion

Art. 1256. I t7e &re%itor to 07o ten%er o !'ent 7!" been !%e re$"e" 0it7o$t #$"t&!$"e to !&&et it) t7e %ebtor "7!ll be rele!"e% ro re"on"ibilit' b' t7e &on"in!tion ot7e t7in or "$ %$e.

Con"in!tion !lone "7!ll ro%$&e t7e "!e ee&t in t7e ollo0in &!"e"/

*1+ 7en t7e &re%itor i" !b"ent or $n


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Beore t7e &re%itor 7!" !&&ete% t7e &on"in!tion) or beore ! #$%i&i!l %e&l!r!tion t7!t t7e

&on"in!tion 7!" been roerl' !%e) t7e %ebtor !' 0it7%r!0 t7e t7in or t7e "$

%eo"ite%) !llo0in t7e obli!tion to re!in in or&e. *1198+

Art. 1261. I) t7e &on"in!tion 7!(in been !%e) t7e &re%itor "7o$l% !$t7orie t7e %ebtor

to 0it7%r!0 t7e "!e) 7e "7!ll lo"e e(er' reeren&e 07i&7 7e !' 7!(e o(er t7e t7in.

T7e &o-%ebtor") $!r!ntor" !n% "$retie" "7!ll be rele!"e%. *1191!+

SECTION 2. - Lo"" o t7e T7in D$e

Art. 1262. An obli!tion 07i&7 &on"i"t" in t7e %eli(er' o ! %eterin!te t7in "7!ll bee;tin$i"7e% i it "7o$l% be lo"t or %e"tro'e% 0it7o$t t7e !$lt o t7e %ebtor) !n% beore 7e7!" in&$rre% in %el!'.

7en b' l!0 or "ti$l!tion) t7e oblior i" li!ble e(en or ort$ito$" e(ent") t7e lo"" o t7e

t7in %oe" not e;tin$i"7 t7e obli!tion) !n% 7e "7!ll be re"on"ible or %!!e". T7e "!e

r$le !lie" 07en t7e n!t$re o t7e obli!tion re=$ire" t7e !""$tion o ri"


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One !n% t7e ot7er


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*5+ T7!t o(er neit7er o t7e t7ere be !n' retention or &ontro(er"') &oen&e% b'

t7ir% er"on" !n% &o$ni&!te% in %$e tie to t7e %ebtor. *11:6+

Art. 1298. Not0it7"t!n%in t7e ro(i"ion" o t7e re&e%in !rti&le) t7e $!r!ntor !' "et$ &oen"!tion !" re!r%" 07!t t7e &re%itor !' o0e t7e rin&i!l %ebtor. *11:,+

Art. 1291. Coen"!tion !' be tot!l or !rti!l. 7en t7e t0o %ebt" !re o t7e "!e!o$nt) t7ere i" ! tot!l &oen"!tion. *n+

Art. 1292. T7e !rtie" !' !ree $on t7e &oen"!tion o %ebt" 07i&7 !re not 'et %$e.

*n+

Art. 1293. I one o t7e !rtie" to ! "$it o(er !n obli!tion 7!" ! &l!i or %!!e" !!in"t

t7e ot7er) t7e orer !' "et it o b' ro(in 7i" ri7t to "!i% %!!e" !n% t7e !o$nt

t7ereo. *n+

Art. 129. 7en one or bot7 %ebt" !re re"&i""ible or (oi%!ble) t7e' !' be &oen"!te%

!!in"t e!&7 ot7er beore t7e' !re #$%i&i!ll' re"&in%e% or !(oi%e%. *n+

Art. 1295. T7e %ebtor 07o 7!" &on"ente% to t7e !""inent o ri7t" !%e b' ! &re%itor in

!(or o ! t7ir% er"on) &!nnot "et $ !!in"t t7e !""inee t7e &oen"!tion 07i&7 0o$l%

ert!in to 7i !!in"t t7e !""inor) $nle"" t7e !""inor 0!" notiie% b' t7e %ebtor !t t7e

tie 7e !(e 7i" &on"ent) t7!t 7e re"er(e% 7i" ri7t to t7e &oen"!tion.

I t7e &re%itor &o$ni&!te% t7e &e""ion to 7i b$t t7e %ebtor %i% not &on"ent t7ereto) t7e

l!tter !' "et $ t7e &oen"!tion o %ebt" re(io$" to t7e &e""ion) b$t not o "$b"e=$ent

one".

I t7e !""inent i" !%e 0it7o$t t7e


18/33

e(en t7o$7 t7e &re%itor" !n% %ebtor" !re not !0!re o t7e &oen"!tion. *1282!+

SECTION 6. - No(!tion

Art. 12:1. Obli!tion" !' be o%iie% b'/

*1+ C7!nin t7eir ob#e&t or rin&i!l &on%ition"

*2+ S$b"tit$tin t7e er"on o t7e %ebtor

*3+ S$bro!tin ! t7ir% er"on in t7e ri7t" o t7e &re%itor. *1283+

Art. 12:2. In or%er t7!t !n obli!tion !' be e;tin$i"7e% b' !not7er 07i&7 "$b"tit$te t7e"!e) it i" ier!ti(e t7!t it be "o %e&l!re% in $ne=$i(o&!l ter") or t7!t t7e ol% !n% t7ene0 obli!tion" be on e(er' oint in&o!tible 0it7 e!&7 ot7er. *128+

Art. 12:3. No(!tion 07i&7 &on"i"t" in "$b"tit$tin ! ne0 %ebtor in t7e l!&e o t7e oriin!l

one) !' be !%e e(en 0it7o$t t7e


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*1+ 7en ! &re%itor !'" !not7er &re%itor 07o i" reerre%) e(en 0it7o$t t7e

%ebtor"


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ere in&i%ent!l beneit or intere"t o ! er"on i" not "$i&ient. T7e &ontr!&tin !rtie" $"t

7!(e &le!rl' !n% %eliber!tel' &onerre% ! !(or $on ! t7ir% er"on. *125,!+

Art. 1312. In &ontr!&t" &re!tin re!l ri7t") t7ir% er"on" 07o &oe into o""e""ion o t7e

ob#e&t o t7e &ontr!&t !re bo$n% t7ereb') "$b#e&t to t7e ro(i"ion" o t7e ort!e L!0 !n%

t7e L!n% Rei"tr!tion L!0". *n+

Art. 1313. Cre%itor" !re rote&te% in &!"e" o &ontr!&t" inten%e% to %er!$% t7e. *n+

Art. 131. An' t7ir% er"on 07o in%$&e" !not7er to (iol!te 7i" &ontr!&t "7!ll be li!ble or

%!!e" to t7e ot7er &ontr!&tin !rt'. *n+

Art. 1315. Contr!&t" !re ere&te% b' ere &on"ent) !n% ro t7!t oent t7e !rtie" !re

bo$n% not onl' to t7e $lillent o 07!t 7!" been e;re""l' "ti$l!te% b$t !l"o to !ll t7e

&on"e=$en&e" 07i&7) !&&or%in to t7eir n!t$re) !' be in


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Art. 1321. T7e er"on !


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Art. 1333. T7ere i" no i"t!


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Art. 135. Si$l!tion o ! &ontr!&t !' be !b"ol$te or rel!ti(e. T7e orer t!


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Art. 1355. E;&et in &!"e" "e&iie% b' l!0) le"ion or in!%e=$!&' o &!$"e "7!ll not

in(!li%!te ! &ontr!&t) $nle"" t7ere 7!" been r!$%) i"t!


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Art. 13,2. Ho0e(er ener!l t7e ter" o ! &ontr!&t !' be) t7e' "7!ll not be $n%er"too% to

&ore7en% t7in" t7!t !re %i"tin&t !n% &!"e" t7!t !re %ierent ro t7o"e $on 07i&7 t7e

!rtie" inten%e% to !ree. *1293+

Art. 13,3. I "oe "ti$l!tion o !n' &ontr!&t "7o$l% !%it o "e(er!l e!nin") it "7!ll be

$n%er"too% !" be!rin t7!t iort 07i&7 i" o"t !%e=$!te to ren%er it ee&t$!l. *129+

Art. 13,. T7e (!rio$" "ti$l!tion" o ! &ontr!&t "7!ll be interrete% toet7er) !ttrib$tin to

t7e %o$bt$l one" t7!t "en"e 07i&7 !' re"$lt ro !ll o t7e t!


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*+ T7o"e 07i&7 reer to t7in" $n%er liti!tion i t7e' 7!(e been entere% into b' t7e

%een%!nt 0it7o$t t7e


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*12::+

CHAPTER ,VOIDABLE CONTRACTS

Art. 13:8. T7e ollo0in &ontr!&t" !re (oi%!ble or !nn$ll!ble) e(en t7o$7 t7ere !' 7!(ebeen no %!!e to t7e &ontr!&tin !rtie"/

*1+ T7o"e 07ere one o t7e !rtie" i" in&!!ble o i(in &on"ent to ! &ontr!&t

*2+ T7o"e 07ere t7e &on"ent i" (iti!te% b' i"t!


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In obli!tion" to ren%er "er(i&e) t7e (!l$e t7ereo "7!ll be t7e b!"i" or %!!e". *1383!+

Art. 13::. 7en t7e %ee&t o t7e &ontr!&t &on"i"t" in t7e in&!!&it' o one o t7e !rtie")

t7e in&!!&it!te% er"on i" not oblie% to !


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n!e" o t7e $r&7!"er" !n% er"on on 07o"e !&&o$nt t7e "!le i" !%e) it i"

! "$i&ient eor!n%$

*e+ An !reeent o t7e le!"in or ! loner erio% t7!n one 'e!r) or or t7e

"!le o re!l roert' or o !n intere"t t7erein

*+ A rere"ent!tion !" to t7e &re%it o ! t7ir% er"on.

*3+ T7o"e 07ere bot7 !rtie" !re in&!!ble o i(in &on"ent to ! &ontr!&t.

Art. 18. ?n!$t7orie% &ontr!&t" !re o(erne% b' Arti&le 131, !n% t7e rin&ile" o !en&'in Title > o t7i" BooISTENT CONTRACTS

Art. 18:. T7e ollo0in &ontr!&t" !re ine;i"tent !n% (oi% ro t7e beinnin/

*1+ T7o"e 07o"e &!$"e) ob#e&t or $ro"e i" &ontr!r' to l!0) or!l") oo% &$"to")

$bli& or%er or $bli& oli&'

*2+ T7o"e 07i&7 !re !b"ol$tel' "i$l!te% or i&titio$"

*3+ T7o"e 07o"e &!$"e or ob#e&t %i% not e;i"t !t t7e tie o t7e tr!n"!&tion

*+ T7o"e 07o"e ob#e&t i" o$t"i%e t7e &oer&e o en

*5+ T7o"e 07i&7 &ontel!te !n io""ible "er(i&e

*6+ T7o"e 07ere t7e intention o t7e !rtie" rel!ti(e to t7e rin&i!l ob#e&t o t7e

&ontr!&t &!nnot be !"&ert!ine%

*,+ T7o"e e;re""l' ro7ibite% or %e&l!re% (oi% b' l!0.

T7e"e &ontr!&t" &!nnot be r!tiie%. Neit7er &!n t7e ri7t to "et $ t7e %een"e o ille!lit'be 0!i(e%.


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Art. 118. T7e !&tion or %een"e or t7e %e&l!r!tion o t7e ine;i"ten&e o ! &ontr!&t %oe" not

re"&ribe.

Art. 111. 7en t7e n$llit' ro&ee%" ro t7e ille!lit' o t7e &!$"e or ob#e&t o t7e

&ontr!&t) !n% t7e !&t &on"tit$te" ! &riin!l oen"e) bot7 !rtie" bein in !ri %eli&to) t7e'

"7!ll 7!(e no !&tion !!in"t e!&7 ot7er) !n% bot7 "7!ll be ro"e&$te%. oreo(er) t7e

ro(i"ion" o t7e Pen!l Co%e rel!ti(e to t7e %i"o"!l o ee&t" or in"tr$ent" o ! &rie"7!ll be !li&!ble to t7e t7in" or t7e ri&e o t7e &ontr!&t.

T7i" r$le "7!ll be !li&!ble 07en onl' one o t7e !rtie" i" $ilt' b$t t7e inno&ent one

!' &l!i 07!t 7e 7!" i(en) !n% "7!ll not be bo$n% to &ol' 0it7 7i" roi"e. *1385+

Art. 112. I t7e !&t in 07i&7 t7e $nl!0$l or orbi%%en &!$"e &on"i"t" %oe" not &on"tit$te !

&riin!l oen"e) t7e ollo0in r$le" "7!ll be ob"er(e%/

*1+ 7en t7e !$lt i" on t7e !rt o bot7 &ontr!&tin !rtie") neit7er !' re&o(er

07!t 7e 7!" i(en b' (irt$e o t7e &ontr!&t) or %e!n% t7e eror!n&e o t7e

ot7er" $n%ert!


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Art. 11:. 7en t7e l!0 "et") or !$t7orie" t7e "ettin o ! ini$ 0!e or l!borer")

!n% ! &ontr!&t i" !ree% $on b' 07i&7 ! l!borer !&&et" ! lo0er 0!e) 7e "7!ll be entitle%

to re&o(er t7e %ei&ien&'.

Art. 128. In &!"e o ! %i(i"ible &ontr!&t) i t7e ille!l ter" &!n be "e!r!te% ro t7e le!l

one") t7e l!tter !' be enor&e%.

Art. 121. T7e %een"e o ille!lit' o &ontr!&t i" not !(!il!ble to t7ir% er"on" 07o"e

intere"t" !re not %ire&tl' !e&te%.

Art. 122. A &ontr!&t 07i&7 i" t7e %ire&t re"$lt o ! re(io$" ille!l &ontr!&t) i" !l"o (oi% !n%

ine;i"tent.

Title III. - NAT?RAL OBLIGATIONS

Art. 123. Obli!tion" !re &i(il or n!t$r!l. Ci(il obli!tion" i(e ! ri7t o !&tion to &oelt7eir eror!n&e. N!t$r!l obli!tion") not bein b!"e% on o"iti(e l!0 b$t on e=$it' !n%n!t$r!l l!0) %o not r!nt ! ri7t o !&tion to enor&e t7eir eror!n&e) b$t !ter (ol$nt!r'

$lillent b' t7e oblior) t7e' !$t7orie t7e retention o 07!t 7!" been %eli(ere% orren%ere% b' re!"on t7ereo. Soe n!t$r!l obli!tion" !re "et ort7 in t7e ollo0in !rti&le".

Art. 12. 7en ! ri7t to "$e $on ! &i(il obli!tion 7!" l!"e% b' e;tin&ti(e re"&rition)

t7e oblior 07o (ol$nt!ril' eror" t7e &ontr!&t &!nnot re&o(er 07!t 7e 7!" %eli(ere% or

t7e (!l$e o t7e "er(i&e 7e 7!" ren%ere%.

Art. 125. 7en 0it7o$t t7e


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%ebt" o t7e %e&e!"e%) !'" ! le!&' in &oli!n&e 0it7 ! &l!$"e in t7e %ee&ti(e 0ill) t7e

!'ent i" ee&ti(e !n% irre(o&!ble.

Title IV. - ESTOPPEL *n+

Art. 131. T7ro$7 e"toel !n !%i""ion or rere"ent!tion i" ren%ere% &on&l$"i(e $ont7e er"on !

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Obligations and Contracts I- Codal.pdf