Upload
others
View
7
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
OBSERVATION OF GREENHOUSE GASES AND AEROSOLS UNDER VARIABILITY OF INDONESIA CLIMATE
Prof. Dr. Edvin AldrianAgency for Asessment and Application on TechnologyIPCC Working Group I Vice Chair
Land Cover/Land Use Changes (LC/LUC) and Impacts on Environment in South/Southeast Asia - International Regional Science Meeting, 28-30th May, 2018, Philippines
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Observation of GHG in a GAW Station in Indonesia (in Bukit Koto Tabang)
Measurement of GHG reduction in Bali Island during Nyepi day
Aerosol Study during forest fire in Riau Province Sumatera
Aerosol Study during forest fire in central Kalimantan
Aerosol Study during forest fire in Jambi Province Sumatera
AMBIENT CO2 MEASUREMENT
Trend= 2.67ppm (logarithmic)Est Dec 2020+ 399.06 ppmEst Dec 2020 -26%=392.63 ppm
390.0
395.0
400.0
405.0
410.0
Jan-14 Jul-14 Jan-15 Jul-15 Jan-16 Jul-16 Jan-17 Jul-17 Jan-18
Kons
entr
asi
CO₂ (
ppm
)
Trend of CO2 January 2014 - March 2018GAW Station Bukit Kototabang
BMKG
BMKG
322.0
324.0
326.0
328.0
330.0
332.0
334.0
Jan-14 Jul-14 Jan-15 Jul-15 Jan-16 Jul-16 Jan-17 Jul-17 Jan-18
BMKG
Tangg
Trend of N2O January 2014 - March 2018GAW Station Bukit Kototabang
Kons
entra
si N₂O
(ppb
)
1750.0
1770.0
1790.0
1810.0
1830.0
1850.0
1870.0
1890.0
1910.0
1930.0
1950.0
1970.0
1990.0
2010.0
Jan-14 Jul-14 Jan-15 Jul-15 Jan-16 Jul-16 Jan-17 Jul-17 Jan-18
Kons
entr
asi C
H₄ (
ppb)
Trend of CH4 January 2014 - March 2018GAW Station Bukit Kototabang
BMKG
7.00
7.50
8.00
8.50
9.00
9.50
10.00
10.50
11.00
Jan-14 Jul-14 Jan-15 Jul-15 Jan-16 Jul-16 Jan-17 Jul-17 Jan-18
Kons
entra
si S
F6 (p
pt)
Date
BMKG
Trend of SF6 January 2014 - March 2018GAW Station Bukit Kototabang
SEASONAL VARIABILITY
INSTRUMENTS AT GAW STATION BUKIT KOTO TABANG
Ozone Analyzer
CO Analyzer
Pyranometer BAM 1020
NephlometerHVAS
Air Flask SamplerPassive Air Sampler
INSTRUMENTS AT GAW STATION BUKIT KOTO TABANG
GHG EMISSION REDUCTION DURING HINDU NYEPI DAY
Nama Lokasi : Negara Singaraja Karangasem Bedugul DenpasarKoordinat : 8º 20’ 24”S, 114º
36’ 59”E8º 6’ 57,2”S,
115º 4’ 50,1”E8º 21’ 53,4”S, 115º
36’ 39,0”E8º 15’ 1,8”S, 115º 9’ 8,2”E
8º 40’ 44,2”S, 115º 13’ 56,6”E
Metode & Frekuensi Data : Indirect Measurement (Sampling); Daily Data (14.00
WITA)
Direct Measurement; Continuous Monitoring; (Data tiap 5 menit)
Alat : Flask Sampler Flask Sampler Flask Sampler Flask Sampler WolfPack® & IRIS 4600
Data GRK : CO2, CH4 CO2, CH4 CO2, CH4 CO2, CH4 CO2, N2O
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
Negara Karangasem Bedugul Singaraja
CO
2(p
pm)
LOKASI
Sebelum
Saat Nyepi
Setelah 375
395
415
435
455
475
495
515
535
0:00 2:24 4:48 7:12 9:36 12:00 14:24 16:48 19:12 21:36
CO
2(p
pm
)
Jam
8 Maret
9 Maret
10 Maret
11 Maret
12 Maret
13 Maret
14 Maret
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
0:00 2:24 4:48 7:12 9:36 12:00 14:24 16:48 19:12 21:36N
2O
(p
pb
)Jam
8 Maret
9 Maret
10 Maret
11 Maret
12 Maret
13 Maret
14 Maret
Average Reduction 33%
GHG emission reduction during Hindu Nyepi day
GHG EMISSION REDUCTION DURING NYEPI DAY
Goal: reduction of athropogenic emission during the absence of human activities
There is none until nowadays such a quantitative direct measurement that could prove that statement.
The present method used by many are estimation, asumption and model that are qualitative. This is due to the difficulty of isolated an area clear of surrounding influences In Indonesia there is a Bali island where the People stop their activities 30 hours during teh Nyepi Holy day.
This is the first of a kind that prove of human activity shall increase the GHG concentration
GHG EMISSION REDUCTION DURING NYEPI DAY
Nyepi day in Bali island is an ideal condition in the measurement of the amount of anthropogenic emissions as the entire island stop their activities in a day and being isolated from the outside. This is the real measurement of anthropogenic emissions without models, formulas and assumptions.
Given the unique circumstances in Bali Nyepi Day in which we believe it has no comparison in any other hemisphere (an island stopped its activity in a day), it is predicted that such measurement is the first time in the world.
FIRE IN RIAU
Aqua MODIS satellite imagery on June 19th, 2013 (a); Hysplitforward trajectory model ran 24 h for June 2013 from hotspotin Riau (b).
Riau PSI in 5 monitoring sites (Rumbai,Minas, Duri Camp, Duri Field, and Dumai) vshotspots (b).
PM2.5 concentration (a) and PSI in Singapore (b) vs hotspot detection in Riau Province in June 2013.
Daily AOD at wavelength 500 nm and daily hotspot number in June 2013 (a) and scatter plot of AOD versus AE(440–870 nm) (b). AE was determined using 440–870 nm, which are indicative of the general size distribution and the relativedominance of fine versus coarse mode particles.
Aerosol size distribution during June 2013 from Singapore AERONET site. There is significant shift between size distribution before the fire episode (solid rectangular/circle) and during fire episode (dashed rectangular/circle).
FOREST FIRE IN PALANGKARAYA KALIMANTANAEROSOL INSTRUMENT TO OBSERVE AEROSOL
The sun photometer installed on the roof of the TjilikRiwut Meteorology Station at Tjilik Riwut AirportPalangkaraya, Central Kalimantan – Indonesia
Monthly AOD, hotspot and rainfall relationship. AOD at wavelength 500 nm (a) and Visibility versus AOD and hotspot in 2012 (b) and 2014 fire episodes (c),
Histogram of AOD during fire episode 2012 and 2014 (a, b) and Histogram of SSA (c),
FOREST FIRE IN JAMBI PROVINCE SUMATERAHOTSPOT IN SUMATERA 1 OCTOBER 2014
Jambi City
PARTICULATE (PM10) VS VISIBILITY DURING FIRE EPISODE OCTOBER 2014
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0,0
50,0
100,0
150,0
200,0
250,0PM10 leftvisibility right (km)
Certainly there is a clear relationship between particulate concentration and visibility, however, some reduction of visibility is due to fire in some other parts outside Jambi
OCTOBER 2014 AOD VS AE
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1 8 15 22 29 36 43 50 57 64 71 78 85 92 99 106
113
120
127
134
141
148
155
162
169
176
183
190
197
204
211
218
225
Angs
trom
Exp
AOT
AOT_500 left
440-870 Angstrom AE right
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Angs
trom
Exp
440-
870
nm
AOT 500nm
AOT vs AE Small size aerosol from forest fire
Peatland source aerosol with high AOD above 4.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Angs
trom
Exp
AOD
AOD 500nm Angstrom Exp 440-870nm
MONTHLY AOD VS AE
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2Angs
trom
Exp
440-
870n
m
AOD 500nm
SOME IPCC ACTIVITY
1. IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Land; an IPCC special Report on Climate Change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems.Expert Review on First Order Draft end of May 2018
2. IPCC Expert meeting on Short lived Climate Forcers (SLCF) Geneva 28 – 31 May 2018
CONCLUSIONS
1. GHG concentration is surely related to human activity as shown in Bali measurement.
2. Degraded land use change and deforestation in Jambi province have been studied and detected
3. There is a significant relationship between forest fire as indicated with the hotspot number with climate annually or interannually
4. PM10 and AOD during fire episodes increase significantly and eventually reduce visibility
5. Significantly high AOD number above 6.0 in Kalimantan and above 5.0 in Jambi may related to peat fires in the eastern coast of Sumatera
THANKS A LOT - SALAMAT
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Edvin_Aldrianhttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb6tHXKzSvP51W
qQ8xyo7kQ
References1. Kusumaningtyas SDA, E. Aldrian, M.A. Rahman, A. Sopaheluwakan, 2016,
Aerosol Properties in Central Kalimantan due to Peatland Fire, Aerosol Air Quality Research, 16: 2757–2767
2. Kusumaningtyas SDA and E. Aldrian, 2016, Impact of the June 2013 Riau province Sumatera smoke haze event on regional air pollution, Environmental Research Letter, Vol 11, No 7, 75007-75017