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UNCLASSIFIED
AD NUMBER
LIMITATION CHANGES
TO:
FROM:
AUTHORITY
THIS PAGE IS UNCLASSIFIED
AD830107
Approved for public release; distribution isunlimited.
Distribution: Further dissemination only asdirected by Army Materiel Command, Rock Island,IL 61202, APR 1968, or higher DoD authority.
USAARDC ltr 10 Nov 1977
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-•-:
:.E
*
=
£i
-;-
r
r
E
*:
ITS SE ID ISCLOSURE,
DISTR1WTI»
TATBOT
=
:
5. I
t.Ei E
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-vJ
A D
RDT&E PROJECT
NO
USATECOM
PROJECT NO
8-8-0200-13
USAIB PROJECT
NO
3239
3>
O
o
00
Q
MILITARY
OTENTIAL
EST
F
NOISE
UPPRESSOR
EL
M4
FOR
M16A1
IFLE
FINAL EPORT
By
MAJOR
WILLIAM
R.
EE
1LT
E N E
W . OLE
APRIL 968
STATEMENT
5 USCLISSIUÄ
1
UNITED
TATES
R M Y
NFANTRY
O A R D
Fort Benning, Georgia
1905
D
D
-9
E
A P R
17 1 9 6 8
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Distribution
This document may
be further
distributed
by any
holder
only
vlth th e specific
prior approval
of
Commanding General,
US
Army
Materiel
Command, ATTN: MCPM-RS, Rock
Island,
Illinois.
Disposition Instructions
Destroy
this
report
when
It
i s
no longer needed,
return It
to
the
originator.
Do
not
Disclaimer
The
findings
In
this
report
are no t
to
be
construed
as
an
official
Department
of
th e
army
position.
1 1
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RDT&E PROJECT
NO
USATECOM PROJECT NO
8-8-0200-13
USAIB
PROJECT
NO
3239
MILITARY POTENTIAL
TEST
O F
NOISE
SUPPRESSOR,
HEL, M4 ,
FOR M16A1 RIFLE
FINAL
REPORT
By
M A J O R
WILLIAM
.
EE
1LT E N E W.
OLE
APRIL 968
UNITED
TATES R M Y NFANTRY O A R D
Fort
enning,
Georgia
1905
APPROVED
JAMES
.
UIR,
R.
Colonel, nfantry
President
111
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ABSTRACT
The
Military
Potential
Test
of
th e
Noise Suppressor,
HEL,
M4 ,
for the
M16A1
Rifle, wa s
conducted
by
th e United
States
Army
Infantry
Board
from
1
February
1968
to
26
March 1968
at Fort
Banning, Georgia.
The purpose
of
this
test
was
to
evaluate
th e
advantages
and/or
dis-
advantages
of
th e noise
suppressor
In
reallstip
operational
exercises
characteristic
of
Vietnam
environments
with
respect
to
such
factors
as
position
disclosing effects, system
functioning,
durability,
re -
liability,
an d
maintenance. ifteen
M16A1
rifles with
noise
suppressors
attached
were
used
to
conduct
this test. ifteen standard M16A1 rifles
were
used
for control purposes.
Specific phases of
testing
under
temperate
climatic conditions
Included physical characteristics; safety; signature effects;
known
distance accuracy;
quick fire; durability and reliability;
portability
an d aerial delivery;
maintenance; human factors engineering;
and
value
analysis.
There were no deficiencies.
hree shortcomings were noted;
the
gas
deflector
failed to
deflect all
of
th e escaping gases
from th e
firer s
eyes;
th e
ejection
pattern
of
the
M16A1
rifle with
th e
noise
suppressor
attached caused
the
expended
cartridge
to
strike
the
cheek
of left-handed flrers; and
the malfunction rate
of
th e
test
weapon was
significantly higher
than
the
control
weapon during automatic
fire.
It was concluded
that
the Noise Suppressor,
HEL,
M4 ,
had
military
potential
and
accomplished the
purpose
for
which
It
was
designed,
i.e.,
t o d e c e i w E
observers
located forward of the test weapon as
to
the
loca-
tion
of
the
weapon
when
It
I s
fired.
It
wa s
recommended
that
the
Noise
Suppressor,
HEL,
M4 ,
be
consider-
ed
as
having
military
potential, and
further
development
be directed
toward
correction
of th e
shortcomings.
i v
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FOREWORD
Th e
United
States
Army
Infantry
Board was
responsible
fo r
preparing th e test plan,
test
execution,
and
preparing
th e
test
report.
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TABLE
F ONTENTS
PAGE
ABSTRACT v
FOREWORD———-—
——
m—
SECTION
.
INTRODUCTION
1.1 ACKGROUND—
1.2
ESCRIPTION
F ATERIEL
1.3 EST BJECT IVES
1.4
UMMARY F
ESULTS
1.5 ONCLUSIONS- -
1.6 ECOMMENDATIONS
SECTION . DETAILS
F
EST
2.1
NTRODUCTION-
2.2
UBTEST
O
,
PREOPERATIONAL
NSPECTION
ND
HYSICAL
CHARACTERISTICS
2.3
UBTEST
O
,
SAFETY
2.4
UBTEST
O
,
SIGNATURE
FFECTS
2.5
UBTEST
O 4,
N O W N ISTANCE CCURACY-
0
2.6
UBTEST
O
,
UICK IRE 4
2.7 UBTEST
O
, DURABILITY
ND
ELIABILITY
5
2.8 UBTEST
O
,
PORTABILITY
ND ERIAL ELIVERY
9
2.9
UBTEST
O , AINTENANCE
1
2.10
UBTEST
O
,
H U M A N
ACTORS
NGINEERING
3
2.11
UBTEST O 0,
VALUE NALYSIS 3
SECTION .
APPEND ICES
I ,
TEST
DATA
5
I I .
PHOTOGRAPHS—
5
III.
DEFICIENCIES
AND
SHORTCOMINGS
5
I V .
REFERENCES 6
V .
DISTRIBUTION
LIST
7
v l
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SECTION 1 .
INTRODUCTION
1. 1
BACKGROUND
1.1.1 n
May
1966 th e United
States
Army, Vietnam (USARV), submitted
an Expediting Non-Standard Urgent
Requirement
for
Equipment
(ENSURE)
request
(DA
ENSURE
Index
No 77)
fo r
silencers
fo r
th e
M16A1 rifle.
In
response
to
this
request,
the
US
Army Human
Engineering Laboratories
(USAHEL),
Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, designed and tested a
noise suppressor.
hi s
test was
completed
in
November 1967,
and
after
reviewing
th e
results,
th e
US
Army
Test
and
Evaluation
Command
(USATECOM)
recommended
that the suppressor
"be
considered safe
to
fire
an d
suitable for
field
testing."
1.1.2 he Commanding General,
US Army
Materiel
Command
(USAMC), direct-
ed more intensive an d extensive
evaluation
an d exposure of the suppressor
to
realistic
field
us e fo r
Increased
assurance
as
to
capability and
limitations prior to approval
fo r
operational
use in Vietnam.
1.1.3
n
5 January 1968 th e Project
Manager,
Rifles,
USAMC,
Rock
Island, Illinois, requested
USATECOM
to
conduct
a
field
evaluation
of
the
noise
suppressor.
1.1.4
n
25
January
1968 USATECOM
directed
th e US Army Infantry
Board
(USAIB)
to
conduct
a military
potential
test
of
th e
noise
suppressor
for th e M16A1
rifle.
1.1.5 he
materiel
for test was received
on
31
January
1968. esting
began on
1
February
1968
at
Fort
Banning,
Georgia,
and was
completed
on
26
March
1968.
1. 2
ESCRIPTION OF MATERIEL
(See
Appendix
II
fo r
photographs)
1.2.1
he
Noise
Suppressor Assembly,
HEL,
M4 , hereinafter referred to
as
the test
item,
consists
of
a
steel cylinder
with three mounting
screws
and
a
separate
rear
support.
t has
no
moving parts, i s
12
inches
long,
an d
weighs
1. 8 pounds
(fig 1
an d
2 ,
ep p
II). phos-
phate
coating
on
all exposed parts
offers
resistance
to
rust.
nce
installed,
the
test item becomes an
integral
part
of th e
weapon
and
should
not be removed. he Rifle, 5.56-mm, M16A1, with the
test
item
attached,
i s hereinafter
referred
to
as th e
test
weapon
(fig 3 ,
app
II),
1.2.2
ertain modifications
were
necessary
to
th e M16A1 rifle
to
allow installation of the test
item and to insure
proper
functioning
of
the
rifle.
he test item replaced the flash
suppressor of the
rifle,
and
a
third
gas pressure
relief port was
added to
the
bolt
carrier
to compensate
for
higher
gas pressures within th e weapon an d
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to maintain th e
proper
cyclic
rate. In addition, a
gas
deflector
was
clip-mounted
onto
th e
rifle
charging
handle
to
deflect escaping
gases from
the
firer's
eyes
(fig 4 thru
6 , app
II).
1. 3 EST OBJECTIVES
1.3.1 o
evaluate
the advantages
and/or
disadvantages
of th e test
item
in
realistic
operational exercises characteristic of Vietnam
environments.
1.3.2
o determine:
a . erformance
characteristics
an d
to
verify
effects
of operation
as relates to suppression of
noise,
position disclosing
effectiveness,
marksmanship,
night
operations,
and safety precautions
under
field
conditions.
b. he effects the test
item
has pon system functioning,
reliability,
maintenance,
accuracy
and ethality
of
the M16A1
rifle. (USAIB
was
unable to
determine he
effect th e
test item
has
upon lethality.)
c . aintenance
requirements
fo r
field us e
as
relates
to both
the
test
item
an d
M16A1
rifle.
d. hether th e test
item
h as military potential.
1. 4
UMMARY
OF RESULTS
1.4.1
o
deficiencies wtre
noted.
1.4.2
hree
shortcomings
were noted:
a .
he failure of
the gas
deflector
to deflect
all of th e
escaping gases
from th e
firer's eyes (Subtest No 2).
b.
he
ejection pattern
of
the
test weapon caused
the
expended
cartridge
to strike
the right cheek of left-handed firers, thereby
creating
a safety hazard (Subtests
No
2 and 9 ) .
c.
he test
weapon
exhibited a significantly higher malfunction
rate
than
the
control
weapon
during automatic
fire
(Subtest
No 6) .
1.4.3
he test
item
increased
th e
over-all
length
of
th e
M16A1
rifle
by
5
Inches
and the
weight
by
1.58
pounds (Subtest
N o
1).
1.4.4
ttachment
of
the
test item
to the M16A1
rifle
caused a sig-
nificant
decrease
in
the muzzle noise
and flash level of th e test
weapon (Subtest No
3 ) .
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1.4.5
bservers located forward of ti e test weapon
were deceived
as
to
th e location
of
th e weapon
when I t
was
fired
(Subtest N o
3).
1.4.6 he
known
distance
accuracy an d
quick-fire
performances of
th e
test and control weapons were comparable
(Subtests
No 4
an d
5) .
1.4.7 he
man-portability
of
the M16A1
rifle
Is
degraded when th e
test item
is
attached
because
of
the additional
weight
an d
th e
change
in
th e
center
of balance
of
th e
weapon
(Subtest No 7) .
1.4.8
he
Individual weapons container should be used
to
protect
the
test
weapon
against
damage
when
Jumped
with the Individual
parachutist (Subtest
No
7) .
1.4.9
he
test
weapons
require more frequent
and detailed care
and
cleaning
than the control weapons. eriodic inspection of
th e test item mounting screws
an d
bore alignment
is also necessary
(Subtest No
8).
1. 5
ONCLUSIONS
The United States Army Infantry
Board
concludes
that:
a .
he
test
item
does
have
military
potential.
b. he
test
item accomplishes
th e
purpose fo r
which
it
was
de -
signed,
i.e., to
deceive
observers located
forward
of
th e
test
weapon
as to th e location or the weapon
when
it i s fired.
1. 6 ECOMMENDATIONS
The United
States Army
Infantry
Board
recommends
that:
a .
he
Noise
Suppressor
Assembly, HEL, M4 ,
be
considered
as
having military potential.
b .
urther
development be directed toward correction
of
th e
shortcomings.
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SECTION .
DETAILS
F
EST
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.1.1 efinitions
When he
ollowing erms re
sed
n
onjunction with est
results,
the efinitions
hown
ere will pply.
a. alfunction: Failure f weapon
o
unction properly.
b.
inding: Any
resistance xperienced
when
he lignment
age
is
nserted nto
he
est item ttached o weapon.
2.1.2
est
tems
Fifteen
est
weapons
were received y
SAIB or
est
2.1.3
ontrol
Items
Fifteen
Rifles,
5.56-mm,
M16A1,
were
received
by USAIB
fo r us e
as
control
weapons.
2.1.4
ach
appropriate
subtest was conducted using
MI93
ball
ammuni-
tion (Lot No LC
12298
and Lot No LC
18250)
with ball
propellant
an d
M196 tracer
ammunition (Lot
No
TW
18047)
using
IMR
propellant.
2.1.5
est
Soldiers
Thirty test soldiers were used
in
this
project and were repre-
sentative
of
those
who would
normally
be expected to operate and
main-
tain th e test weapons
in
th e
field.
Fifteen test
soldiers
were
used
as
firers
and
each firer
was
assigned a test
and
control
weapon.
2.1.6 est
Location
Testing
was
conducted
at
Fort Benning, Georgia, under th e pre-
vailing temperate conditions.
2.1.7 est
and
Analysis Methodology
Each
applicable subtest
was
conducted
so
that
test an d
control
weapons
were
represented at any given
time of
th e exercise.
n
anal-
ysis of
variance was run
on
th e
dependent variables of
extreme
spread
and mean radius
data
gathered,
during the Known Distance Accuracy
Subtest
(Subtest No 4), to determine i f a significant difference ex-
isted between
weapons
at
th e
various
ranges
with
respect
to
the de-
pendent
variables. n analysis
was also conducted
to
see
if weapons
performance
changed
significantly
with respect
to th e
dependent
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variables;
an d
If
weapons
performance
changed
significantly
with
re-
spect t o these variables where
times
of usage
becomes
another
factor.
2.2 UBTEST
MO
1 ,
PREOPERATIONAL
INSPECTION
AND
PHYSICAL
CHARACTER-
ISTICS
2.2.1
bjectives
2.2.1.1
o determine
if
th e
test and control weapons
were complete an d
in proper
condition
for
testing.
2.2.1.2
o determine the size, configuration, an d weight of
the test
item
and accessories.
2.2.2 ethod
2.2.2.1
he
test
and
control
weapons
were
inspected
for
completeness,
serviceability,
and
any
evidence
of
damage.
2.2.2.2 ac h
of
the test
and
control
weapons
was
function
fired with
a
minimum of
tw o 20-round magazines
(one
semiautomatic,
on e automatic)
of each type of
ammunition
provided.
2.2.2.3 he
test
and control weapons
were
photographed, weighed, and
measured,
an d th e data
recorded
an d
compared.
2.2.3 esults
2.2.3.1
hotographs
of the test and control weapons ar e
shown
in Ap-
pendix
II.
2.2.3.2
he
test
an d control
weapons
were
complete
an d
in proper
con-
dition
for testing
except
fo r
tw o
test
weapons
which exhibited a
mis-
alignment
of th e suppressor
with
the bore when
checked
with
the
alignment
gage (fig
9 ,
app
II).
n
the
subsequent function
firing
of
these
two weapons,
an
inspection of
the
suppressor
endcap holes re -
vealed
a
slight
chipping
or peening
effect
caused by the
strike
of
th e
bullets (fig 10,
ap p
II).
technical
inspection
of
one
of
these test
weapons,
conducted
later
In the test,
by
direct
support personnel
re-
vealed
that the
barrel
was
bent
an d
it
was
subsequently
withdrawn
from
further testing; however,
this
condition
had no
adverse effect
on
th e
operational
efficiency
and
effectiveness of
th e
other test
weapon.
2.2.3.3 he
average
dimensions
and
weights
of the
test and control
weapons
were
as
follows:
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TABLE 1
LENGTH
AND WEIGHT OF
TEST
AND
CONTROL WEAPONS
Length
(in)
Weight,
Slln«
(lb)
Weight,
Full
Magazine,
with
Slln«
( l b )
Weight, Full i
Magazine, with
Sling and
Bipod
(lb)
Control
j
Weapon
3 9 7.15
7.97
8.54 |
Test
Weapon
44 1/8
8.73 9.85 10.41
2.2.4
nalysis
Th e
test weapons,
except
for
the
one
test weapon
indicated in
paragraph 2.2.3.2 above,
an d control
weapons were
serviceable
and
In
proper
condition for testing.
2. 3 UBTEST NO 2 , SAFETY
2.3.1 bjective
To determine
if
th e
test
weapons were
safe
for
US
Army
use.
2.9.1
ethod
Throughout
all
testing,
data pertaining
to
the
safety
features
of
the
test
weapon
were noted. esults
were
recorded
an d analyzed
under
this
subtest.
2.3.3
esults
2.3.3.1
he
gas
deflector modification
on the
test weapon did
not com-
pletely
deflect
all
of the
escaping gases
from the firer's
eyes. hese
gases were more
noticeable during
the
automatic
an d rapid semiautomatic
modes
of
fire
and
were a source
of
irritation
to
th e
firer.
2.3.3.2 he
ejection
pattern
fo r the test weapon was
different
from
that
of the
control weapon.
he
control weapon ejected th e expended
cartridges
forward of
the
left-handed firer
an d at
a
sufficient
dis-
tance
to
no t
represent
a
hazard;
however,
the
test
weapon
ejected
th e
expended
cartridges
rearward an d
in
such
a
manner
to represent
a
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hazard (fig 1 ,
ap p
I).
O n
everal
ccasions,
the
hot rass
truck
the
eft-handed lrer
n
he ight heek, causing njury hat
anged
from
discomfort
o
ircular
uts
n
he
lesh
fig
2,
pp
I).
The
ejected brass
lso
went own
he
e
r
:-handed
lrer s
ollar
nd
aused
discomfort
rom
he
heat.
2.3.4
Analysis
2.3.4.1 he failure of the gas deflector to
perform its function
ef -
ficiently
I s
a
shortcoming.
2.3.4.2
he ejection pattern of the
test weapon constitutes
a
safety
hazard
to
a
left-handed
flrer.
his
i s
a
shortcoming.
2. 4
UBTEST
NO
3 ,
SIGNATURE
EFFECTS
2.4.1
bjective
To
etermine an d compare
the
signature effects of
th e
muzzle flash,
muzzle noise,
and smoke
of th e test and
control
weapons
during
daylight
and
darkness.
2.4.2
ethod
2.4.2.1
hree ontrol
eapons nd hree
test
weapons
were
mounted n
firing tands
nd
ired
n
both
he emiautomatic
nd
automatic
ode
of
fire
uring
daylight
nd darkness.
Observers
ere
placed n
afe
osi-
tions 5
meters
to
he
flanks
f
he
iring
position
at meters,
50
meters,
100
meters,
nd
very
00
meters
own
ange,
from
he
iring
line,
to 00
meters
o
etermine nd
ompare
he
ifference,
If
ny.
In
he
ignature ffects
f
he est nd
ontrol
weapons.
Photographs,
still,
nd
motion picture,
ere
made f the
est
nd ontrol
weapons
during
he
iring xercise.
2.4.2.2
ive
est nd ive
ontrol
weapons were
ired hrough he
ourse
described n Appendix
of
he nterim Operation
nd
M ain tenance
Manua l
l O M M )
(firing
o he lanks
nd
ver
he
eads f bservers)
for
the
est
weapon. Th e ability
f
bservers o determine
he
zimuth nd distance
to
he est nd ontrol weapons
wa s
oted. Th e ourse wa s
ired
uring
darkness.
(Fig
3, pp
I).
2.4.2.3 uring he
onduct
f
all
ubtests
particular ttention wa s
given
o
he
ffects
f
lash,
uzzle
noise,
nd
moke.
Results
ere
reported nd
analyzed nder
his
ubtest.
2.4.3 esults
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2.4.3.1 he comparative performance of th e test and control weapons
with
respect
to signature effects (muzzle noise,
muzzle
flash,
smoke)
is
depicted in
Tables
2
through
5
based
on
questionaires (in
the
format
of
th e
tables) completed by each observer.
TABLE
2
SIGNATURE
EFFECTS
TEST
WEAPON, DAYLIGHT
Meters
I
Noise Level
Flash
Level
..Smoke
Level
Hi
fi
h
Moder-
ate
Low
None
Bright
Moder-
ate
Low
None
Heavy
L i
Moder-
Low
None
0
X X X
| 50
X
X
X
l 0 0
X
X
X
200
X
X
x
|
00
X
M
X
4 0 0
x
i
X
00
x 1
x
X
600
x
x
x
TABLE
3
SIGNATURE
EFFECTS
- CONTROL
WEAPON,
DAYLIGHT
1
Meters
1 Noise
Leve 1 Flash Leb
i |
Smoke Leve
Hifih
Moder
ate
Low
None
BriRht
Moder-
at e
Low
None
Heav^L
Moder-
ate
Lo w
None
0
X
x
X
|
o X
1
x 1
X
[
00
X
X
X
1
2 0 0
X
x
X
300 X x
I I
X
{
00
X
X
X
500
X
x
1
x
| 00 X
x
1 X
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TABLE
4
SIGNATURE
EFFECTS
-
TEST
WEAPON,
NIGHT
Meters
1
Noise
Level
U
Flash
Level .Smoke
I
e
n
Hlfih
Moder
ate
Lo w
None
Bright
Moder
ate
Low^
None
HHeavy
Moder
ate
Low
None
{
0 X X
X
5 0
X
X
X
j
00
X X
X
2 0 0
X
X
X
3 ° °
X
X
X
|
00
X
x
X
500
X
x
X
600
X
x 1
X
TABLE
5
SIGNATURE EFFECTS - CONTROL
WEAPON,
NIGHT
Meters
t
Noise
Level
i
Flash
I
vel
U Smoke
]
. e v e
HiRh
Moder
ate
Lo w
None
Briaht
Moder-
ate
Low
None
DHeavy
Moder
ate
Lo w
None
I
0
X
X
|
X
50
X
X
X
00
X
X
X
I
2 0 0
X X
X
I
3 0 0
X
X
X
400
X
X
X
500
X
x
x
600
X
x
x
2.4.3.2 he
test item caused a significant decrease in the muzzle
noise
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and
flash level
of the M16A1
rifle,
bu t the
smoke levels were compara-
tively the same.
lso,
difference
was
noted
In
th e
flash
and
smoke
pat-
terns
of
th e
test and control
weapons.
'The flash observed
from
the
con-
trol
weapon
was
pear
shaped
an d
larger
than
the
flash
produced
by
th e
test weapon. he flash observed from
th e
test weapon was pencil
shaped
an d
approximately
2
Inches long
(fig
1 4 ,
app
II).
he
test
weapon
normal-
ly
produced
a
flash
on the first round
fired, If
th e
weapon
had
not
been
fired for 10 minutes. ubsequent rounds fired did n e t produce a
notice-
able
flash.
uring
the Initial firing
of
th e test weapons,
sparks
were
emitted
In
the
vicinity
of
the
bayonet
stud
of
the
weapon (the
point
at
which
the rear end of the noise suppressor abuts against th e rifle).
After approximately 3,000 rounds were
fired through
th e
test
weapon an d
carbon deposits
had
formed, this spark
was
no t observed.
he standard
flash suppressor on the
control
weapon
dispersed smoke caused by
firing
an d
caused it to
be
dissipated
more rapidly
than that
of
th e
test
weapon.
Smoke
caused
as
a result of firing
the
test
weapon escaped through
th e
aperture
in
the
endcap of the
suppressor in
a
thin column approximately
8 inches
long
before
dispersing and
evaporating.
2.4.3.3 he exercise
described in
paragraph 2.4.2.2
was
conducted
on
22
March
1968
under starlight conditions.
he
weather was
overcast.
The course,
as
fired,
is
depicted
in figure 1 3 ,
Appendix
II.
bservers
were unable to
estimate
the azimuth an d
distance
from the observer point
to
th e
firing point when the test weapons
were
fired. he observers
were able to
estimate,
with a
reasonable
degree
of accuracy, the
azimuth
an d
distance
from
the observer point
t o
the
firing
point
when
the con-
trol weapons were fired. he observers were able
to
distinguish between
th e
test an d
control
weapons during
firing
because
th e
test
weapon di d
not
produce
the
characteristic
"thump"
of
the
muzzle blast
which normally
accompanies the
ballistic
"crack" of th e projectile.
2.4.4
Analysis
2.4.4.1
he level
of
th e
muzzle noise and
flash
of
the
test
weapon i s
significantly lower
than
that
of
th e control
weapon;
the
smoke
levels
of th e test
and
control
weapons
are
comparable.
2.4.4.2 bservers, located forward
of
the test weapon,
ar e
deceived
as
to
the
location
of the
weapon
when
it
is fired.
2. 5
UBTEST NO 4,
KNOWN
DISTANCE ACCURACY
2.5.1
bjective
To
determine
and
compare
the
accuracy
of
th e test and control
man/weapons
system
at known
distance ranges.
1 0
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2.5.2 ethod
2.5.2.1 fter
zeroing,
14
test
soldiers
each
fired three 10-round
groups (semiautomatic
mode,
sandbag-support,
prone
position),
with the
test and control weapons,
at
"A"
type rifle targets located at each
range
of
100,
300,
and
400
meters.
The
extreme
spread,
mean
radius,
and
center
of
impact
of
each
shot
group
w e r e
determined
and
the
target
was
examined for keyhole
rounds an d
indications
of bullet yaw,
erratic
flight
an d possible
bullet
break-up. his
exercise was
repeated,
at
the
300-meter
range only,
half-way
through
t h e
test
and
at
the con-
clusion of
the
test.
2.5.2.2 fter
zeroing,
15 test
soldiers
each fired a
10-round
group
(semiautomatic
and
then
automatic
mode, (2- to 3-round
bursts),
sandbag-supported, prone position)
with th e test and
control
weapons at
"M" type silhouette
targets located at
ranges of
1 0 0 ,
250,
and
400
meters.
he
average number of
target
hits
for
the test and control
weapons
at each
range was recorded.
2.5.2.3
he
exercise
described
in
paragraph
2.5.2.2
was
repeated
during
darkness
with
th e
starlight
scope mounted on the test
and
control weap-
ons,
except
that
nine each test and control
weapons
were fired
in
this
exercise.
2.5.3
esults
r
2.5.3.1
he results of
known
distance
accuracy
firing
with th e test
and
control
weapons
at
"A" type
targets are
depicted
in
Table 6
an d figures
1
through
1 8 ,
Appendix
I. ue
to
zeroing and
accuracy
problems with
one
test
weapon, averages
shown
in
Table
6
are based
on the firing
of
14
firers.
TABLE
6
K N O W N ISTANCE
CCURACY
Semiautomatic ire
Day)
(Average
f
4
irers)
Range
(Meters)
Total
Rounds
Fired
Test Weapon Control
ean on
Mea n
Radius
(inches)
Extreme
Spread
(inches)
Mean
Radius
(inches)
Extreme
Spread
(inches)
100 *420 2.57
8.61
2.16
7.19
300
*420 7.48
25.68
7.41
22.39
**420
7.97
23.16
6.67
20.10
***420
7.88 24.07
6.16
19.96
400
•420
10.39
31.89
8.74
26.72
* eginning
f
est
**
M idway
n
est
***
nd
f
est
11
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2.5.3.2
The
esults
f nown distance ccuracy
iring with he
est
nd
control
weapons
t
H
ype
ilhouette
argets
uring
aylight are e-
pleted n ables 7 nd .
TABLE
7
KNOWN
DISTANCE
ACCURACY
Semiautomatic
Fire
(Day)
(10-round
Shot
Group)
(Totals of I S
firers)
Type
Weapon
Tot:al
Rounds
Fired
Range
(Meters)
Target
Hits
Percentage
of
Hits
Test
1 5 0 100 144
96
1 5 0
25 0
1 2 1
80
i
1 5 0
400
69
46
Control
1 5 0
100 1 4 7 9 8
1 5 0
25 0
114
7 6
1 5 0
400
72
4 8
TABLE
8
KNOWN DISTANCE ACCURACY
Automatic
Fire
(Day)
(10-round
Shot
Group)
(Totals of 15 firers)
Type
Weapon
Total
Rounds
Fired
Range
(Meters)
Target
Hits
Percentage
o f Hits
Test
1 5 0
100
9 7
60
1 5 0
25 0 73
48
1 5 0
400
42
2 8
Control
1 5 0
100
103
68
1 5 0 25 0
67
44
1 5 0 400
40
2 6
2.5.3.3
he
results of
known distance accuracy
firing with
the
test
and control
weapons,
with
starlight
scope
attached,
ac
"M"
type sil-
houette targets during darkness are
depicted
in
Tables
9 and
1 0 .
1 2
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TABLE 9
KNOWN
DISTANCE
ACCURACY
Semiautomatic Fire (Night)
(Totals
of
9 firers)
Type
Weapon
Total
Rounds
Fired
Range
(Meters)
Target
Hits
Percentage
of
Hits
Test
90
1 0 0
90
100
90
250
73
81
90
400
2 0
22
Control
90
1 0 0
89
99
90
2 5 0
5 2
58
9 0
400
2 2
24
TABLE
10
KNOWN DISTANCE
ACCURACY
Automatic Fire
(Night)
(10-round
Shot Group)
(Totals
of
9
firers)
Type
Weapon
Total
Rounds
Fired
Range
(Meters)
Target
Hits
Percentage
of Hits
Test
90
1 0 0 69
90
2 5 0
3 5
3 9
90
400
2 1
23
Control
9 0 1 0 0
67
74
9 0
2 5 0
3 5
39
9 0
400
5 6
2.5.4 Analysis
2.5.4.1
n
erms f
mean
adius nd xtreme preads,
the
ontrol weap-
on
demonstrates
ignificantly
better
accuracy
han
he est weapon.
There s, owever, o ignificant difference
between
he est and
con-
trol
weapons
s
o
hit
apability
against man-size
argets.
2.5.4.2
he
est
tem does
ot
ignificantly
affect
he ccuracy of
the ifle
against man-size
argets.
i
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2.6
SUBTEST
O
5,
UICK
IRE
2.6.1
blectlve
To
determine
t h e
effectiveness
of th e test
weapon
in
th e
quick-
fire
role.
2.6.2
ethod
2.6.2.1
est
oldiers ere rained n quick-fire echniques nd
ired
a
amiliarization uick-fire
xercise
with
he
est
nd
ontrol weapons .
2.6.2.2
ifteen est
soldiers ach ired
he
est nd ontrol weapons
through
uick-fire ourse,
at
hort-exposure
im e
(pop-up)
targets
located 0,
40 ,
and meters from he
iring
point
(one
arget t ach
range). Targets
er e
andomly
presented;
exposure
ime was
eccnds
per
target; th e irer as not
limited
n
he mount
f mmunition
o
be
ired; owever,
firing
was ermitted nly when argets
were
presented.
Each
arget was
resented
wice
uring ach
iring
xercise.
The
ourse
was
fired
our
imes;
twice
n
he
emiautomatic
mode
nd
wice
n
he
automatic
ode
f
ire
(2- o
-round bursts).
Rounds fired
nd argets
hit ere ecorded.
2.6.3
esults
The
results
of
quick
fire
with
the
test
an d
control weapons
ar e
depicted
in Tables 1 1
an d
12. he
tables depict
the results of tw o
rep-
etitions
of quick fire
in each
mode.
TABLE
11
Q U I C K
IRE
Semiautomatic
ire
(4-second
xposure)
Type
Weapon
♦ Number
of
Targets
Presented
Range
(Meters)
Targets
Hit
Test
5 8
2 0
45
5 8
40
43
5 8
80
42
Control
5 8
2 0
4 7
5 8
40
52
5 8
80
44
♦
One
f
ach
ype weapon
test
nd
ontrol)
as
withdrawn
after he
first
iring
f
he
xercise.
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T A B L E 12
Q U I C K
IRE
Automatic
Fire
(4-second
xposure)
Type
Weapon
♦
Number
f
Targets
Presented
Range
(Meters)
Targets
Hit
Test
58 20
54
58
40
57
58
80
50
Control
58
20
56
58
4
54
58
80
47
*One f
ach
ype
weapon
(test
nd
ontrol)
as
withdrawn after
he
first iring f
he
xercise.
2.6.4 Analysis
There Is
no
significant
difference
between
the performance
of
the
test
and control weapons when employed in
a
quick-fire
role.
2. 7 UBTEST
NO
6,
DURABILITY
AND RELIABILITY
2.7.1
blectlve
To determine and
compare the
durability
and
reliability
of the
test
and
control weapons.
2.7.2
ethod
2.7.2.1
uring the
conduct
of
oil subtests
incidents
pertaining
to
the
durability and reliability of
the
test weapons were noted. esults
were analyzed
and
recorded
under
this subtest. ~ ~ ^ .
2.7.2.2
n
addition
to
the
firing
conducted in
other
subtests,
the
following exercises were conducted
to
evaluate
the durability and
reliability of the
test
weapon:
a.
hirty
test
soldiers,
15
armed
with th e test
weapon,
and
15
armed
with the
control
weapon, conducted a
4-day
exercise
as
described
In figure 19 , Appendix I.
b.
ive
each
test
and
control
weapons
were
fired
at
the
sus-
tained
rate
of
fire, semiautomatic
mode
(12-15
rounds
per minute) for
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3
minutes. he weapons
were allowed to cool until
they
could be handled
without discomfort, and the firing was repeated until 1,000 rounds had
been expended from each weapon.
c .
ive
20-round
magazines
were
fired, automatic mode,
as
rapidly
as possible, through five each test and control weapons. he weapons
were
allowed
to
cool fo r
60
seconds
and were
then
fired
at
the
sus-
tained
rate
of
fire
(45-60
rounds
per
minute),
automatic
mode,
2-
to
3-round
bursts
for
60
seconds. he
weapons
were
allowed
to
cool
until
they could be handled without discomfort,
and
the firing
was
repeated
until
1,000 rounds had been expended
from
each
weapon.
2.7.2.3
he exercises
described
i n
paragraph 2.7.2.2
b
an d
c were fired
with straight
ball,
gain with
straight tracer ammunition, and repeated
using a mix of 4 ball to
1 tracer.
2.7.2.4
hree
20-round
magazines
o f
ammunition
were fired through three
each
test an d control weapons,
at
the
maximum
rate
of fire,
once
each
morning and once each
afternoon
for 7 consecutive days
in
addition
to
other
firing
which
was
conducted
with these
weapons.
he
weapons were
no t
cleaned
during
this
period; however,
applications
of
Lube
Oil,
Semi-
fluid,
Automatic
Weapons,
MIL-L-46000
A
(ISA),
were
applied
as
needed.
A round
was
left in th e chamber of each weapon at
the conclusion of each
day's
firing.
he
weapons
were
kept
in
open,
exposed
storage
throughout
the
7-day
period.
2.7.2.5 hree each test an d control weapons were stored for
9
con-
secutive days in a climatic chamber
maintained
at 100
F
temperature
and
68
to
70-percent humidity. hree hundred rounds of ammunition were
fired
through
each
of
th e
si x
weapons
each day
for
the
first
3
days.
The
weapons were then
stored
in the climatic
chamber
for
2
consecutive
days without
firing.
uring
each of the
last
4
days
300
rounds were
fired through each weapon. he weapons were fired
in
both the semi-
automatic
and
automatic
modes.
he weapons were not cleaned
during
this
period,
no additional LSA was applied,
a
round
was
left
in
t h e
chamber,
and
an
uncharged
magazine
was
left
in
th e
weapon
at
th e
con-
clusion
of each day's firing
and
during storage.
2.7.2.6 uring the
conduct
of
th e
above
exercises
any
effect
of
firing
on
the
test an d control weapons was
noted
and compared. visual in -
spection of each
test
and control veapon was
made
during
each
cooling
period,
and
a
complete technical inspection of each
test
and
control
weapon
was
made upon completion
of
the firing.
2.7.2.7
minimum
of 6,000 rounds
was
fired through
two
test and con-
trol
weapons.
he firing was conducted
i n
various modes (automatic
and semiautomatic).
ounds fired during al l subtests were counted in
this
total.
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2.7.2.8
comparison
was made
of th e
malfunction
rates
of
the
test
and control weapons.
2.7.3 esults
2.7.3.1
he
results
f
iring
,000
ounds
hrough ive
ach est
nd
control
eapons s
escribed
n
paragraphs .7.2.2b nd , nd .7.2.3
are
epicted
n
able
3
nd 4.
TABLE 13
RELIABILITY IR ING ,
SEMIAUTOMATIC IRE
Test Weaoon
Control Weaoon
Malfunction
B a l l
Tracer
4-1
Mix
i Ball
Tracer
4-1
Mix^
Failure
to
Feed
4
1
0
1 1
Double-feed
2
2
4
0
Failure to
Elect
0
0
3
1
0
0
0
Failure
of
Bolt to C l o s e l l 0
1
0 1 0
0
Total Rounds
Fired
5.000 5.000
5 . 0 0 0 | 5.000
5.000
5 . 0 0 0
1
TABLE
14
RELIABILITY IRING, AUTOM ATIC IRE
Malfunction
Test Weapon
|
Control Weapon
Ball
Tracer
4-1
Mix
f
Ball
Tracer
4-1
Mix
Failure
to
Feed
4
0
[
1
0
0
Double-feed
3 7
5 8
3 3
1 0
3
5
Failure
to
tiect
0 0
2
1 0
0
0
Failure
of
Bolt
to
Closel
3
0 1 0
0
Total
Rounds
Fired 115.000
5.000 5 . 0 0 0 1 5 . 0 0 0
5.000
5 . 0 0 0
2.7.3.2 Only
ne
malfunction wa s
xperienced
with he
hree
ach
est
and
ontrol
weapons
uring
he
-day
iring,
open,
exposed
torage
x-
ercise
escribed n aragraph .7.2.4. A
est
eapon
xperienced
double-feed n he econd
ay
f he
xercise.
All
weapons
(test nd
,
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conttol)
were
sluggish
In
operation
on the
sixth and
seventh
days,
but no
other
malfunctions
were
experienced.
2.7.3.3
o
malfunctions
were
experienced with the three
each
test
and
control
weapons during
the
first 5
days
of
the
9-day
firing,
climatic
chamber
exercise
described
in
paragraph
2.7.2.5
n
the
sixth
day th e test
weapons
were
sluggish
in
operation.
his
con-
dition
was
not
noticeable
with
th e control
weapons.
n th e seventh
day of th e
exercise
all
weapons
(test and control)
exhibited
sluggish
operation. his condition continued throughout th e
last
day
of
the
exercise.
n
the
eighth
day of th e exercise the test weapons had three
malfunctions (two
double-feed,
on e failure
of
bolt
to
remain to the
rear);
th e
control weapon
had
on e
malfunction
(double-feed). n
the
ninth day the carbon build-up
in
the
test and
control
weapons
necessi-
tated th e us e of the
bolt
assist
on
every
round
fired.
2.7.3.4 he
results
of
firing
a
minimum
of
6,000
rounds
through
two
each test
and
control
weapons
ar e
as
follows:
Weapon
Test
Number
of
Malfunctions
Control
2.7.3.5
he
1 5 test
weapons (test weapon with
bent
barrel,
withdrawn
from test, included) fired
a
cumulative
total
of
55,769 rounds of
ammunition
as
follows:
5.56-mm
Ball
(ball propellent) 43,681
5.56-inm Tracer
(IMR propellent)
-
12,088
2.7.3.6
he
1 5
control
weapons
fired
a
cumulative
total
of
53,073
rounds
of ammunition as follows:
5.56-mm
Ball
(ball
propellent)
40,985
5.56-mm
Tracer
(IMR
propellent)
-
12,088
2.7.3.7
otel malfunctions
occurring
during conduct of
al l subtests
pertaining
to the
durability
an d reliability
of th e
test
an d
control
weapons are
depicted
in
Table
15 .
2.7.3.8
hroughout
al l
firing,
ro
broken
parts
were
noted,
although
th e
test
item
mounting
screws
were loosened
during
firing
an d
re-
quired
periodic checking a nd
tightening.
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TABLE 15
MALFUNCTIONS
1
Ma lfunction
Test Weapon
Control
Weapon
Failure
to
Feed
1 1
3
Double Feed
140
1 7
Failure
to
Elect
6
2
♦
Failure
of
Bolt
to Close
8
3
Failure
of
Bolt
to
Stay
to Rear 8
0
♦
Does not
Include continuous
use
of bolt assist
on
test
and
control
weapons
on
last
day
of
9-day
firing
exercise
(para
2.7.3.3).
2.7.4
nalysis
2.7.4.1 he malfunction ate f he
est
weapon
s
ignificantly
higher
han
hat
f
he
ontrol
weapon.
The reatest difference s n
the ouble-feed malfunction ate, 140 or
h e'
est
weapon,
compared
with 7
for
the ontrol weapqn.
2.7.4.2
ore
malfunctions
re
xperienced
y
he
est
weapons uring
automatic
iring. The
malfunction ate
or
he ontrol
weapon
s
relatively he
ame ,
egardless
f
he
ype
ire. The high malfunc-
tion
ate
f
he
est
weapon
during
utomatic
ire s onsidered
shortcoming.
2.7.4.3
he est
weapons
re urable.
2.8
SUBTEST
O
,
PORTABILITY
ND ERIAL ELIVERY
2.8.1 bjectives
2.8.1.1
o
determine
the
ease of
carrying
th e test weapon In field
exercises
and
cross-country.
2.8.1.2
o determine the portability
of
th e
test weapon
an d
th e ability
of the test weapon to
withstand aerial delivery by
th e individual
para-
chutist.
2.8.2
ethod
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2.8.2.1 ixteen combat-equipped
test
soldiers,
eight carrying test
weapons
and eight carrying
control
weapons,
al l
with
fully
charged
magazines
Inserted,
moved
3
miles
through dense brush
an d 3 miles
over
open,
rough
terrain,
to
Include
fording
streams
and
crawling
throuph
and.
he
weapons
had
been
previously zeroed. eriodically
during
this
exercise the
test
soldiers
were required
to run. Jump,
and
assume
an
appropriate
position fo r firing. pon completion of
the
exercise,
th e
test
and
control
weapons
were Inspected
fo r damage,
and
were
fired
with
th e
magazlne(s) which
accompanied
the weapons
to
confirm
the
previously
obtained
zero setting.
2.8.2.2 fter
being
zeroed,
five
each
of
the test and
control
weapons
were placed,
unrestrained.
In the cargo
compartment of
a
l^-ton truck
and
transported
25
miles
over umlmproved roads
and cross-country.
he
weapons
were
then
Inspected for
damage,
function fired, an d
th e pre-
viously
obtained
zero
confirmed.
2.8.2.3
fter
zeroing,
one control
weapon
an d
four
test
weapons
were
attached
to Individual
parachutists an d
jumped
from
a
UH-XD
helicopter.
Th e
weapons were slung over
th e left shoulder of
th e parachutists,
muzzle
down,
an d secured
with
tie-downs
at
th e
shoulder,
thigh
an d
calf (fig 1 5 an d 1 6 ,
ap p
II).
fter
being subjected
to
the
parachute
jump th e weapons were Inspected for damage, and the previously
ob -
tained
zeroes
confirmed.
2.8.2.4 fter
zeroing,
12
test
weapons were subjected to
a
parachute
jump
by
Individual
parachutists
from
a
C-119
aircraft. our of
the
weapons
were
carried In th e
manner
described In paragraph
2.8.2.3 an d
eight were
carried
by
th e
Individual
parachutists
In
th e
Individual
weapons container.
fter
being
subjected
to
th e
parachute
jump,
the
weapons were
Inspected
fo r
damage,
an d
the
previously
obtained
zeroes
confirmed.
2.8.3 esults
2.8.3.1
uring
the
march,
test
soldiers
di d
not
experience
difficulty
with
th e test weapon
being
caught
on brush,
vines,
r
low
hanging
limbs.
2.8.3.2
he
test
Item
changed th e
center of
balance of the M16A1
rifle,
making
It
awkward to carry by th e
carrying
handle.
hen car-
ried
or
handled
In
any other
manner,
no
appreciable
difference
was
noted In
portability
between the test
and
control
weapons,
other
than
the
added
weight. (Fig
17
an d 1 8 ,
app
I I )
2.8.3.3 o
amage
was
sustained
by the test
and
control weapons as
a
result
of
being transported 25 miles cross-country In an unrestrained
manner In th e cargo
compartment
of
a 1%-ton truck.
he
previously ob -
tained
zero
setting
of the
test
an d control
weapons
was
no t
adversely
affected.
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2.8.3.4 he results of
aerial delivery
of
the
test an d
control weap-
ons
by
Individual
parachutists
are
as follows:
a.
he
weapons
(test
an d
control)
had
to
be
elevated
by
the
para-
chutists
prior
to
exiting
th e
aircraft
In order
for
the front sight
assembly öf th e weapon
to
clear
the floor
of
th e helicopter (fig 1 6 ,
app
II).
b. ix
parachutists
attempted to execute left
parachute
landing
falls. wo
of
r . h e
parachutists
experienced
discomfort
when they
landed
on th e weapon an d
on e
parachutist had his test weapon torn
loose
from
the tie-downs when he hit th e ground. he barrel of a
test
weapon,
carried
by a
fourth
parachutist,
hit
th e ground
with
sufficient force
to
bend
the barrel approximately 6^
Inches
from th e
muzzle end
of
the
weapon.
Th e
angle
of bend
was
approximately
35
r 62.3
mils to the
left
(fig
19 ,
app
II).
he
test weapons In Individual weapons
con-
tainers Incurred
no
damage.
wo clicks
of
elevation
were required
to
confirm th e
zero
of th e
test
weapon that
was
torn
loose
during landing.
The
zero
of the
test weapon with the
bent
barrel could
not be confirmed.
The
zeroes
of
the
other
test
and control
weapons were
not
changed.
2.8.4
nalysis
2.8.4.1
he
man-portability f he M16A1 rifle
s
egraded when
he
test tem s ttached because f he dditional weight nd he hange
In
he
enter
f alance f he eapon.
2.8.4.2
he
ndividual
weapons ontainer
s
eeded
o
protect
he est
weapon against
amage
when umped
y
he
ndividual arachutist.
2.9
SUBTEST O
8,
A I N T E N A N C E
2.9.1
bjective
To determine
an d
compare
the maintainability of
th e test an d
con-
trol weapons
with
respect
to ease of maintenance,
assembly
and
dis-
assembly, and
adequacy
of
maintenance
instructions,
cleaning
equipment,
an d tools
provided
as basic issue items.
2.9.2
ethod
2.9.2.1
ix
test
weapons
were maintained in accordance with instruc-
tions
contained
in
the
IOMM
for
th u
Noise
Suppressor,
and'six
test
weapons
were maintained
in
accordance
with
instructions
contained in
IM 9-1005-249-14.
hough not
so specified in th e
publications
refer-
enced
above, care and cleaning with th e test weapon
was
conducted
twice dally
for
those
weapons
maintained in
accordance
with
the
IOMM
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an d once
dally
or hose
maintained
n
accordance
with
M
9-1005-249-14.
2.9.2.2 All ontrol
eapons
were maintained n accordance with M
9-1005-249-14.
2.9.3
esults
2.9.3.1
he
six test
weapons maintained
In
accordance
with
the
I0MM
(cleaned
twice dally) fired
a
cumulative
total
of 23,424
rounds.
total
of 31
malfunctions
was sustained.
wenty-one of
the
31
mal-
functions were
double-feed.
hese
weapons required
approximately
135
minutes
per
day
for
maintenance.
2.9.3.2 he six test
weapons
maintained in
accordance with
TM
9-1005-
249-14 (cleaned
once dally)
fired
a
cumulative
total
of 24,047
rounds.
A total
of 88
malfunctions was
sustained. Seventy-seven
of
th e
88 mal-
functions
were
double-feed.
ive
of these test
weapons fired th e auto-
matic
fire
durability
test
described
in
paragraph
2.7.2.2c,
Subtest
No
6 , an d th e
majority
of
the
malfunctions
noted
above
were
sustained
during
this
automatic fire
exercise.
hese
weapons
required approxi-
mately
90
minutes
per
da y for
maintenance.
2.9.3.3 o special tools or
equipment
were
required
for th e per-
formance
of operator maintenance.
2.9.3.4
ll
mounting
screws
on the test
items
attached
to the M16A1
rifle
required
periodic
checking and
tightening
by
direct
support
per-
sonnel. ne of
these
mounting
screws
became loose,
an d was
subsequently
lost,
during firing
and had
to be replaced (fig
2 0 , app
II).
he
test
item
mounting screws required
a
special
size Allen
wrench.
n
align-
ment
gage
was
also required t o
periodically check
the
proper
alignment
of
the
test
item
to
th e
bore
of
the
weapon.
o
other
repairs
or
re -
placement
of parts were
necessary
during
th e
conduct
of
the
test.
2.9.3.5
arbon
build-up
was greater in
the test weapons than
in
th e
control
weapons.
his
carbon
build-up
was
particularly noticeable in
the
lower
receiver group, bolt an d
bolt
carrier
of
the
test
weapons.
2.9.4 nalysis
2.9.4.1
he
test weapons
require
more
frequent
and careful cleaning
than
th e
control weapons.
eriodic inspections
are
also necessary
to
check
th e tightness of
the
test
item
mounting screws
and
proper
alignment of
th e
test
item with th e
bore
of
th e weapon.
2.9.4.2
he
assembly
an d
disassembly
of
the
test
weapon
are
th e
same
as
for
th e
control
weapon;
th e maintenance instructions, cleaning
equipment
an d tools
provided
as
basic issue items
with
the
test
and
control weapons are
adequate.
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1
2.10 SUBTEST O
,
UMAN
ACTORS
NGINEERING
2.10.1
bjective
To
determine
f
he
est
weapon
wa s
uitably
ngineered
rom
human
actors
tandpoint.
2.10.2 ethod
Throughout
all esting, observations
were
made o
etermine
he
compatability f
he est weapons
with
he
kills,
aptitudes, nd
limitations f he
oldiers
ho perated nd maintained hem.
Par-
ticular ttention
wa s iven o he
omparative ase
f arrying
nd
handling
he
est nd ontrol weapons
nd
ny adverse ffect n
he
firer aused y heat, flash,
noise,
scaping gases, and ecoil.
2.10.3
esults
The results of
al l
subtests revealed
certain
features
of
th e
test
weapon
which were not compatible
with th e skills, aptitudes an d limi-
tations
of
the
soldiers who
operated
an d
maintained them. hese
fea-
tures
were as
follows:
a . he
test
item
changed
th e
center
of
balance
of
the test
weap-
on making it
awkward
to carry by th e
carrying
handle
(Subtest
No
7) .
b.
he
gas deflector on th e test weapon did
not deflect
all
of
the
escaping
gas
from
th e firer's
eyes,
causing some
discomfort
during
automatic
an d
sustained semiautomatic fire
(Subtests
No
2
an d 6) .
c.
he ejection
pattern
of
the test
weapon caused the expended
cartridge
to
strike
th e
right
cheek
of
left-handed
firers
(Subtest
No
2) .
d . he
configuration
of th e
test weapon makes it extremely diffi-
cult
to
jump,
without incurring
damage
to
the
weapon,
or
injury
to
the
jumper, unless
the
Individual
weapons
container is usid.
2.10.4
nalysis
The est
weapon s
ot
uitably ngineered or
eft-handed
irers,
nor with espect
o scaping gases. These
are
previously
eported
hort-
comings
.
2.11
S U B T E S T
O
0, A L U E
NALYSIS
2.11.1 Objective
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' T o determine If
the
test weapon contained any unnecessary or
costly features which could be eliminated without
sacrificing
essen-
tial
quality,
reliability,
maintainability,
performance or mission
accomplishment.
2.11.2
ethod
During
al l testing,
special attention was
given
t o
identification
of
nonessential or nice-to-have
accessories,
omponents,
or
features,
an d items which
appeared to warrant further study by th e developer.
2.11.3
esults
Th e test weapon
did
no t
contain any
unnecessary or costly
features.
2.11.4
nalysis
The
est
weapon
does
ot
ontain
ny
eatures
which
are
onsidered
unnecessary
r
ostly.
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I
SECTION - APPENDICES
APWWHTY
. TEST
ATA
25
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u
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4J
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•
M
m
u
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|
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Uj
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id
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App
8/10/2019 observation on silencer for m16 rifle doc n.830107
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/observation-on-silencer-for-m16-rifle-doc-n830107 42/76
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8/10/2019 observation on silencer for m16 rifle doc n.830107
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38
App
8/10/2019 observation on silencer for m16 rifle doc n.830107
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39
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8/10/2019 observation on silencer for m16 rifle doc n.830107
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Known Distance Accuracy-Semiautomatic Fire
Analysis
of
Variance-Test
nd
Control
Weapons
(Dependent
ariable s
mean
adius)
Range:
100 Meters
Source
f
Variation
Degrees
f
Freedom
Mean
Square
Total
89
Weapon
1
3.880*
rii-ic»
2
.595
W
p... i
-..
al 2
.215
Error
84
.720
CConclusion::
Control
eapon
erformance
s
uperior o
est
weapon
performance.
Range:
3 Meters
| ource f
Variation
Degrees f
Freedom
Mean
Square
Total
83
Weapon
1
.080
XrUl
2 .560
Wca
rial
2 8.130
Error
78
10.056
Conclusion:
ontrol
eapon erformance s
qual
o
formaace.
test weapon.
per-
Range: 400 M eters
ource
f
Variation
Degrees f
Freedom
Mean
Square
Total
89
Weapon 1
61.310*"*
rial
2
3.523
|
j » T .
rial
2
3.486
rror
84
7.760
Conclusion: ontrol
weapon
erformance
s uperior o
est
weapon
performance.
♦ Indicates
ignificance
at
.0 5
evel.
**Tndicates
ignificance
at .0 1 evel.
Figure 5
L0
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Known
Distance
Accuracy-Semiautomatic Fire
Analysis
of
Variance-Test
and
Control Weapons
(Dependent variable
is
extreme
spread)
Range: 100 Meters
Degrees
f
Fiiedom
-Mean |
Square
ariation
Total
89
Weapon
I -
44.800*
Trial
2
7.150
\' pr
Trial
2
1.105
Error
84
9.280
Conclusion:
Control
weapon performance
is
superior
to test weapon
petformance.
Range:
300
Meters
Source of
Variation
Total
Weapon
Trial
jia
Trial
Etror
Degrees
of
Freedom
- Si
7 8
Mean
Square
227.140*
18.395
49.085
48.003
Conclusion:
Control
weapon performance
is
performance.
Range: 400
Meters
superior
to
test
weapon
Source
f
Variation
Degrees f
Fteedom
Mean
Square
Total
89
Weapon
1
600.686*
Trial
2 40.523
JW^ .
Trial
r~ 2
25.568
Error
84
111.651
rror
»
Conclusion:
ontrol weapon performance
s
performance.
*Indicates
ignificance
at
.05
evel.
superior
o
est
weapon
Figure 6
41
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Known Distance
Accuracy-Semiautomatic
Fire
Analysis
of
Variance
(Dependent
variable i s
mean
radius)
(Range
300
Meters)
Control Weapon
j
ource
of
Variation
Degrees
of
Freedom
Mean
Square
Total
1 2 5
|
Time
2
16.708
T r i a l
2
16.246
|
Time
X
Trial
4
2.142
| _ E r r o r
1 1 7
8.135
Conclusion: Control
weapon
performance
di d
not phange
over
time.
Test Weapon
1
ource
of
Variation
Degrees
of
Freedom
Mean
Square
Total
1 2 5
Time 2
2.905
T r U l
2
.5^5
|
Time
X Trial
4
2.450
|
Error
1 1 7 7.211
Conclusion:
Test
weapon performance
did
no t
change over time.
Figure
1 7
4 2
App
I
8/10/2019 observation on silencer for m16 rifle doc n.830107
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Known Distance Accuracy-Semiautomatic Fire
Analysis f
Variance
(Dependent variable s
xtreme
pread)
(Range 00 Meters)
Control
Weapon
|
Source of
1
Variation
Degrees
of
Freedom
Mean
Square
Total 1 2 5
|
Time
2
312.039**]
Trial
2
57.799
|
Time
X
Trial 4
25.923
Error
1 1 7 47.718
Conclusion:
ontrol weapon performance mproved
ver
ime.
Test
Weapon
ource of
i
Variation
Degrees
of
Freedom
Mean
Square
Total
1 2 5
Time
2
68.510
1
Trial 2 22.710
Time X Trial
4
51.815
Error
1 1 7
58.122
Conclusion: Test weapon performance
did
not
change
over time.
**lndicates
significance
at
.01
level.
Figure
18
4 3
Ap p I
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1s t
Da y
FOUR-DAY OPERATIONAL
TEST
CYCLE
•
0800-1200 Move to base
camp
location, set
up, brief personnel,
issue
equipment
an d
defense
order.
1200-1800 Prepare
defense
position.
1800-2400
Issue
complete defense
an d
patrol
orders.
an defensive
positions.
2d
Day
0001-0600 Ma n defensive
positions.
0600-0900 Preparation
for conduct
of
patrols.
0900-1500
Conduct
of
squad
size
reconnaisance
patrols.
1500-1800 Continue
work
on
defensive
positions.
1800-2400 Ma n defensive positions. ssue
order
for conducting
ambush.
3d
Da y
0001-0600 an defensive
positions.
0600-0900 reparation for ambush.
0900-1200
ove
to
ambush
location.
1200-1600 onduct
of
ambush.
1600-1700
eturn
to
base
camp.
1700-2400 an
defensive
positions.
4th
Day
0001-0600 Man
defensive
positions.
0600-0800 M otor arch o amsworth Range.
0800-1600
Known
istance
300
meters)
accuracy
iring.
(Para
2.5.2.1,
ubtest o 4)
figure
9
44
pp
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ACTEMDIX
I. PHOTOQM Attttl
Ftgure
MOISE
UPPRESSOR»
MEL,
M
45
A^p
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Endcap
Baffiea
Connector
/
Rear
Support
Figure
2
Sketch of
Noise
Suppressor, HEL, M4
(Inside
vlev)
4 6
APP n
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Figure
3
M16A1
Rifle vlth
Noise
Suppressor,
HEL,
M4 ,
Attached.
4 7
App II
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Figure
4
NOISE
SUPPRESSOR, HEL, M4 ,
WITH ACCESSORIES
A.
olse Suppressor,
HEL,
M4
B . odified
bolt
C. as
Deflector
4 8
Ap p
II
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Figure
6
A. as Deflector Mounted on Charging
Handle of
M16A1
Rifle
vlth
Noise
Suppressor,
HEL, M4 ,
Attached.
B.
16A1 Rifle without Ga s Deflector
Mounted
on Charging
Handle.
5 0
App
II
8/10/2019 observation on silencer for m16 rifle doc n.830107
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INCHIS
Figure
7
A.
16A1
Rifle
vlth
Noise Suppressor,
HEL,
M4 ,
Attached,
and Magazine
Inserted,
B. 16A1 Rifle vlth
Magazine
Inserted.
Ap p
II
5 1
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~
.,• ••<;
w .
^
t e f t .
r
>
r;-.;'
Mv ^MK
'
» • IJ
^ Ä ">
. : •
3 E ; - ^ : .
**
i'*w
Figure 8
A.
est
Soldier
Firing
M16A1
Rifle.
B.
est Soldier
Firing
M16A1
Rifle
vith
Noise Suppressor, HEL, M4 ,
Attached.
5 2
Ap p
11
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Figure
A. lignment
Gage
Inserted
Into
Properly
Aligned Noise
Suppressor,
HEL, M4.
B,
lignment Gage
Inserted
Into Noise
Suppressor,
HEL,
M4, on
M16A1
Rifle
vlth
Defective Barrel.
App
II
5 3
*-
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Figure
10
Arrows indicate
Peening
of
Endcap
of Noise Suppressor,
HEL,
M4 ,
by
Projectile.
App
II
5 4
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AfPKOXIMATI
IJECTIOK
PATTi«N FOR
A . M16A1
A
1.
MI6A1 WITH SUPPRESSOR
.
Figure
1
Ejection Pattern of
M16A1 Rifle and M16A1
Rifle with
Noise
Suppressor,
HEL,
M4,
Attached.
5 5
App
II
8/10/2019 observation on silencer for m16 rifle doc n.830107
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Figure
12
Circular
Cuts
on
Face
of Left-Handed Flrer Caused
by
Ejection of Expended Cartridge
from
M16A1 Rifle
vith
Noise
Suppressor,
HEL,
M4 ,
Attached.
App II
5 6
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ANGLE
Or
F IRE
AZIMUTH
DISTANCE
FROM
OBSERVER
TO
FIRER
Schematic
f
Overhead
iring
Exercise se d
o
Test
Deceptive Characteristics
of M16A1
Rifle
with
Noise
uppressor, EL M4 attached.
57 pp
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' '^l^
w L
^j|wi
^?«()?fwW
\
-
^^^HH^
.«
r'-^ >
;
^^
« * .
...
^
Mg
''JRP
w
•
En&i^
:
"
*
n
,)
Figure
4
Comparison
of
Signature
Effects
(Flash)
of
Test
nd
Control
Weapon
at
night).
A .
M16A1
Rifle.
B. 16A1
Rifle
vlth
Noise Suppressor,
HEL,
M4,
Attached.
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II
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Figure
13
Parachutist
with
M16A1
Rifle
vith
Noise Suppressor,
HEL,
M4,
attached.
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Figure 16
Parachutists
Preparing
to
Jump
from
UH-ID
Aircraft
A.
16A1 rifle vlth
front
sight
assembly
caught
on
floor
of aircraft.
B an d C.
16A1
rifle - w i t h
Noise
Suppressor,
HEL,
M4 ,
attached
vlth front sight assembly
lifted
up over
floor of aircraft.
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Figure
1 /
CENTER
OF
BALANCE
A. rrow
Indicates
Center o f Bilnnee of
Unlooded H16A1 Rifle.
B .
rrow Indicate«
Center
o f
Balance of
Unloaded M16A1
Rifle with Noise
Suppressor, HEL,
M 4 .
•
I
i
1
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INCH »
Figure 18
Center
of
Balance
A«
rrow
Indicates
Center of Balance of
Loaded
M16AI
Rifle.
B..
Arrow
Indicates
Center
of
Balance
of
Loaded M16A1 Rifle with
Noise
Suppressor,
HEL, M4,
Attached.
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Figure 19
Arrow Indicates
Bend
In Barrel
of M16A1
Rifle
with
Noise Suppressor,
HEL, M4,
Attached, Caused
when Parachutist Attempted Left Parachute Landing
Fall
and
Weapon
Hit
the
Ground.
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INCHES
[
Figure 0
Arrows ndicate
Loose M ounting crew
nd
M ounting crew Hole
n
Noise uppressor,
KEL,
4,
ounted
n
M16A1
Rifle.
64
4
App
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APPENDIX III.
EFICIENCIES
AN D
SHORTCOMINGS
Deficiency
None
Shortcoming
1 .
EFICIENCIES
Suggested Corrective
Action
2.
HORTCOMINGS
Remarks
2. 1 he
gas deflector
does
no t
deflect al l
of
the escaping
gases
from
the
flrer's
eyes.
2. 2 he ejection
pattern
of
th e
test
weapon constitutes
a
safety hazard to
a
left-handed flrer.
2. 3 he
test
weapon
exhibits
an
unusually
high
malfunction rate
during automatic fire.
Suggested Corrective Action
Unknown
Unknown
Remarks
Subtest
No
2 .
Subtest No
2 .
Unknown
Subtests
No
6
an d 8 .
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III
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APPENDIX
IV.
REFERENCES
1 .
etter, AVC-O&T, Headquarters, USARV,
20
Ma y
1966, subject:
"Silencer
for
th e M-16
Rifle
(ENSURE)."
2 .
ONFIDENTIAL
message,
AVHGC-DST
35173,
24 Ma y 1967, subject:
"Silencer
for
the
XM16A1
Rifle
(U),
ENSURE
Nr
77,"
3.
etter,
AVHGC-DST,
Headquarters, USARV,
25
September
1967,
sub-
ject: "Evaluation
Plan
- Silencer fo r the
M16A1
Rifle (ENSURE
#77) (U)."
4. etter, AMSHE-SYS, USAHEL, 11
December
1967,
subject: "HEL,
M4 ,
Noise Suppressor," vlth
Inclosure.
5 . etter, AMSTE-BC, USATECOM,
25
January 1968, subject: 'Military
Potential Test
of
Noise Suppressor fo r M16A1 Rifle,
USATECOM
Project
No . 8-8-0200-13."
6 .
S
Army Infantry
Board
Project
3239,
Plan of
Test
for
Military
Potential
Test
of
Noise
Suppressor,
HEL,
M4,
for
M16A1
Rifle,
February
1968.
:
Ap p
IV
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UNCLASSIFIED
Security
ClMtif ication
DOCUMENT
CONTROL
DATA • R&D
(tteuttlr
olm—IHvmUm
of
MM« ,
o dy
el
a>»ti»et
and
Indtukij
mwtalmUon
mtuH
N
mjmtt *«"
N o»»»»»
Wgg
'» l««»lft«<0
I.
OXIOINATIN
0
ACTIVITY
Coiporat«
au thor )
United
States
Army
Infantry
Board
Fort
Banning,
Georgia
1905
1«.
NKPONT
BCUMITV
C LAtkiriC
A TION
UNCLASSIFIED
2 6 «BOU»
I.
RIP<MT
TITLf
MILITARY OTENTIAL EST F NOISE UPPRESSOR
EL
4 F O R
6 A
IFLE
4.
OKfeCNIPTIVt
NOTI1 (Typo o f
report an d
Inehitln
do
t o o )
Final
Report.
pril
1968
.
AUTHORC;
ft«« n a n« ,
tml
MM
nitial)
Lee,
William R.,
Major,
Infantry
Cole,
en e
W .
LT
Infantry
• M ORT
OATI
April 968
••. CONTRACT OR
«RANT O.
fc
RROJBCT
O.
Ta .
TOTAL NO .
OP
RAOBt
73
i.
ORIOINATOR'S RKRORT
NUMBBRff;
U S A T E C O M
Project
o
8-8-0200-13
•
ft.
OTNBRRKRORT
OfS>
Any athot
USAIB
Project
No
3239
diol
m y
ho oooltnod
10 .
AVAILARILITV/LIMITATIOH NOTICES
Destroy this
report
when
it
is
no longer needed,
the
originator.
Do
not
return
i t
to
11. SURRLKMtNTARV
NOTU
It
SRONtORINO
MILITARY ACTIVITY
Commanding General,
US
Army Materiel
Command, ATTN:
MCPM-RS, Rock
Island,
Illinois
U.
ABSTRACT
Th e
Military Potential
Test of
the Noise Suppressor,
HEL,
M4, fo r
th e
M16A1 Rifle, vas
conducted by the US
Army
Infantry Board
from 1 Feb
68
to 26
Mar 68 at Ft
Benning,
Ga.
he
purpose
was to
evaluate
the
advantages
and/or
disadvantages
of th e
noise
suppressor in
realistic operational
exercises
charac-
teristic
of
Vietnam
environments
with
respect
to
such
factors
as
position dis-
closing
effects,
system
functioning,
durability,
reliability,
and maintenance.
Fifteen
M16A1
rifles
with
noise
suppressors
attached
were used to conduct
this
test.
ifteen
standard
M16A1
rifles
were
used
fo r
control
purposes.
pecific
phases
of
testing
under
temperate
climatic
conditions included
physical
charac-
teristics;
safety;
signature
effects;
known
distance accuracy;
quick
fire;
dura-
bility and
reliability;
portability and
aerial
delivery;
maintenance; human
factors
engineering; and
value analysis. here
were
no deficiencies;
three
shortcomings
were
noted.
he
gas deflector failed to
deflect all
of
th e
escap-
ing
gases
from the
firer
:
s eyes; the
election pattern of the
M16A1
rifle with
the
noise suppressor
attached
caused the expended
cartridge to strike th e
cheek
of
left-handed
firers; and th e
malfunction rate
of the
test
weapon
was unusually
high.
It
was concluded
that
th e
Noise
Suppressor, HEL,
M4 , had
military
potential
and accomplishes
th e
purpose
fo r
which
i t
was
designed, i.e.,
t o
c f e c e l v e
observers
located forward of th e test weapon as to th e
location
of th e weapon
when it is
fired.
It
was
reconraended
that
the Noise
Suppressor,
HEL,
M4 ,
be
considered
as
having
military potential, and
further
development be
directed
toward
correc-
tion
of
the shortcomings.
DD
PORM
I JAN ••
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UNCLASS I F IED
Security
Classification
W
KEY
ORDS
Noise Suppressor
M uscl e
lash nd
oise
Smoke
Flash Suppressor
LINK
ROLE T
INSTRUCTIONS
LINK B
WT
LINK
1.
ORIGINATING
CTIV ITY :
Entw
he
am e nd address
of th a contractor, ubcontractor, rantee,
epartment
of D e-
fanae
activity or
other
organisation
(corporal« uthor) aaulng
th a
report,
2a.
REPORT
SECUHTY CLASSIFICATION:
Enter
the ver-
all
acurlty
claaaiflcation
of
UM report.
Indicate
whether
"Reatricted Data" a
ncluded
M arking
a o be n accord-
ance
with
appropriate
aacurlty
rugulatlona.
26.
GROUP: Automatic
downgrading a
pecified In
oD
i-
rective
5200.10 and
Armed
Forces
Industrial
M anual . Enter
th a
roup
number .
Also,
when
applicable, how
hat
optional
markings have bean uaad or Group
3
nd Group
4
s uthor-
ised.
3.
EPORT
TITLE: Eater
the
complete
report
itle
n
all
capital
ettera. Titian
n
all aaaa should
be
unclassified.
If
a meaningful
itle annot be elected
without
laaaiflca-
tion, how itle claaaiflcation
In
all capitala in parenthesis
laaadlataly
following
tha
itle.
4. ESCRIPTIVE
OTES:
I f
appropriate, nter he
type
of
report,
a.g., nterim, prograaa,
ummary , nnual,
r
final.
Give
h e
nclusive datea
whan
a pecific
eporting
period s
eevarod.
5. UTHOR(8):
Enter
tha ame<s)
of
suthoKs)
s
hown on
or
a
tha
report.
Bator
last name ,
irst
ame ,
middle
nitial.
If
military,
how
rank nd
branch
of service. The am e of
tha principal
uthor
is
an abaolute
minimum requirement.
6 b
REPORT
DATE;
Enter
tha
data
of
th a
report
as
day,
stonth, yesr,
r
month, year.
If more
than
one date
appears
on
the report, uaa data of
publication.
7a. TOTAL
N UMBER OP
AGES :
Tha
total
page
count
should
follow
normal
pagination
procedures, .e.,
nter
the
number of
pagas
containing
nformation.
76.
NUMBER OF
REFERENCES Enter
the
total
umber
of
rofarencaa
ited
n
tha report.
•a.
CONTRACT OR
GRANT
NUMBER: If «propriate, nter
the applicable
umber
of
tha
contract
r
grant
nder which
tha
report
was written,
•6, c, c td.
ROJECT NUMBER : nter the appropriate
military epartment dentification, uc h aa project
number ,
subproject uM ber , yatem
numbers ,
ask umber,
tc.
9a. ORIGINATOR'S REPORT UM BER(S) : Emer the offi-
cial report
number
by which
the document
will
be
dentified
an d
controlled by
tha
originating activity.
This
umber
must
ba
unique
to thia
eport.
96. THER REPORT
UM BER(S):
f
the report
aa been
assigned
any
other
report
umbers
(either
by
the
originator
or
by the pomor),
also nter thia numbers).
10 .
AVA ILAB IL ITY /LIM ITAT ION
OTICES :
Enter an y
im -
itations
n
further
dissemlnstlon of the
eport,
ther
then thoss
Imposed by
ecurity classification,
using
tsndsrd
tatements
auch a:
(1) Qualified requesters
may
obtain coplea
f
this
report rom
DDC"
(2)
Foreign
announcement
and
dlaaamlnatlon
of
thia
report by DC s ot authorised."
(3)
U . . overnment
aganclaa
may obtain coplea of
this
report
directly from DDC
Other
qualified DC
users
hall
request through
(4)
"U.
.
military
aganclaa may obtain copies of
thia
report
directly
rom
DDC Other
qualified users
shall
equest through
(5) "All distribution of this
report
s
ontrolled ual-
ified D D C
users
hall equest hrough
If
tha
eport
has
been urnia'.iad to tha Office of Technical
Servlcaa, epartment
of
Commerce,
or
aale
to he
public.
ndi-
cate thia
act an d
enter
he
price, f known,
1L UPPLEMENTARY NOTES : aa or additional xplana-
tory
notes.
12 .
PONSORING
M ILITARY
ACTIVITY:
nter
th e am e
of
the
depertmental project
office
or laboratory
ponsoring (pay-
ing or)
the
research nd development
Include
address.
13 . BSTRACT: nter an abatract giving
a
brief an d
factual
summary
of
th e
ocument
ndicative
of the
report, ven
though
it may
also appear elsewhere n he body of the echnical
e-
port. I f additional pace s
equired, ontinuation aheet
aha
be
attached.
It a
highly
desirable
hat he
abatract
of
classified
e-
ports
be
unclassified.
Each aragraph
of
the batract hall
end
with
n ndication
of
the
military
aacurlty
classlflcstlon
of
the
nformation n the
aragraph, epresented
a fTS) ,
S),
(C), r (U).
There s o
imitation n the ength
of
the abatract. How-
ever, he
uggested
ength a rom 50 o
25
words.
14 . KEY
WORDS: Key
words are
echnically
meaningful erms
or bort hraaea
ha t
haracterize eport nd may be uaad a
index ntries or ataloging he
eport.
Key words
must
be
selected
o
that
o security
claaaiflcation
a
required.
Iden-
fiers,
uch as
quipment
model
designation,
rsde ame ,
nli-
tary
project
ode
ame,
eographic
ocation,
may
e
aed
a
key
worda
bu t
will
be ollowed
by n
ndication of technical
context. The aa l gnmant
f
inks, ulea, nd weights
a