Obtaining the goals

Identify realistic future use of all water bodies – drinking water, irrigation water, livestock watering, bathing, fishing, recipient for wastewater

Set corresponding requirements to quality (levels of constituents and charateristics such as temperature and pH)

Coordinate requirements to quality with flow variations (environmental flows)

Monitor water quality and variations (daily, seasonal, annual)

Focus monitoring program on constituents which relate to the quality objectives

Interpretation of monitoring results Revisit the WQ goals and objectives for

reality checks in the light of the monitoring results

Make tentative assessments of corresponding pollution control requirements

Point source discharges - quantity and quality of wastewater (variations, constituents, characteristics)

Monitor variations in the perspective of the flow of the recipient

Inventorise all point sources and their origin (e.g. urban wastewater, industrial wastewater)

Inventorise all non-point sources (e.g unsewered sanitation, agrochemicals, nutrients)

Estimate quantities of pollutants from non-point sources and variations over time

Establish water flows and flow variations over time

Establish mass balances, dilution potential and assimulation capacity

Combine source information and recipient characteristics to estimate the need for pollution control under different scenario assumptions

Revisit WQ goals

Sewage treatment – waste stabilization ponds, mechanical, biological, chemical treatment)

Separation of storm drainage system and wastewater system, changes in overflow conditions

Engineered wetlands, root-zone treatment

Recycling and cleaner technologies

Scenarios for development Future pollution sources and loads (point

and non-point) WQ scenarios Technology application and load reductions Simulation of future WQ situation Management system adjustments

(enabling environment, institutional roles, management tools)

Implementation, monitoring and evaluation