Table 1: Colony morphology and cultural characteristics of isolated strains after incubation at 28oC for 72 h.

Bacterial

strains

Media used Colony morphology

VR1 YEMA Small (2 mm), opaque, circular, highly EPS producing gummy colonies.

VR2 YEMA 2.1 mm in size, translucent, round, highly gummy, convex type colonies.

VR3 YEMA White coloured, circular, small, convex colonies.

VR4 YEMA Small, translucent, granular, convex colonies.

VR5 CrYEMA Translucent, round, highly LPS producing gummy colonies, small in size.

VR6 CrYEMA Pinkish, translucent, medium sized, circular, gummy colonies.

VR9 CrYEMA Small, rounded, white in colour, gummy, convex colonies

VR10 CrYEMA Small, white, circular, less gummy, flat colonies

VR11 BAM Circular, off-white in colour, very small, flat colonies.

VR12 BAM Small, round, white coloured, opaque, convex colonies.

VR13 BAM White coloured, small, flat, rounded, opaque colonies.

VR14 BAM White coloured, opaque, round, convex colonies.

VR15 KB medium Small, round, pale yellow colour, smooth convex colonies.

VR16 KB medium Round, white coloured, convex colonies.

VR19 KB medium Round, medium size, smooth, pale yellow in colour, convex colonies.

VR20 KB medium Round, creamy white, opaque, small, flat colonies.

YEMA= Yeast extract mannitol agar, CrYEMA= Congo red yeast extract mannitol agar, KB = King’s B medium, BAM= Bacillus

agar medium.

Table 2. Absorbance (at 610 nm) of isolates VR1 and VR1 after every 12 hours of intervals measured in UV-VIS

spectrophotometer.

*, Values are mean of triplicate standard errors.

Isolates Absorbance (610 nm) at every 12 h intervals*

0 12 24 36 48 60 72

VR1 0.040.01 0.060.017 0.10.01 0.30.02 0.50.011 0.610.013 0.620.011

VR2 0.050.02 0.080.016 0.130.01 0.350.017 0.540.02 0.640.01 0.650.015

Table 3: Physiological and biochemical characteristics of different strains on YEMA/CrYEMA/ Bacillus agar/ King’s B (KB)

medium isolated from V. mungo.

1- Gram reaction, 2- shape, 3- capsule, 4-motility, 5- endospore, 6- PHB accumulation, 7- catalase, 8- urease, 9- oxidase, 10- starch

hydrolysis, 11- gelatin hydrolysis, 12- indole production, 13- growth on nutrient agar medium, 14- growth on YEMA, 15- growth

on CrEMA, 16- esculin hydrolysis, 17- KNO3 (8%) tolerance, 18- Voges Proskaur test, 19- methyl red , 20- ONPG, 21- citrate

utlilization, 22- H2S prodyction, 23- nitrate reduction, 24- fluorescence, 25- pigment; N- not tested.

Isolates Biochemical characteristics

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

VR1 - Rod - + - + + - + - + + + + + + - - - + + - N N N

VR2 - Rod - + - + + - + - + + + + + + - - - - + - N N N

VR3 - Rod + + - + + - - - - + + + + + - - - - + + N N N

VR4 - Rod + + - + + - + + - + + + + + - - - + - - N N N

VR5 - Rod + + - + + - - + - + + + + + + - - - + - N N N

VR6 - Rod + + - + + - + - - + + + + + - - - - - + N N N

VR9 - Rod + + - + + - + - - + + + + + - - - - + - N N N

VR10 - Rod - + - + + + + - - + + + + + + - - + - - N N N

VR11 + Rod - + + + + + + - - + + N N - - - - + - + + N N

VR12 + Rod - + + + + + + + - - + N N - - - - - - + + N N

VR13 + Rod - + + + + + + - - + + N N + - - - + - + + N N

VR14 + Rod - + + + + - + + + - + N N - - - - + - + + N N

VR15 - Rod - + - + + - + + + + + N N + - + - + - - - + +

VR16 - Rod - + - + + + - + - + + N N + - - - + + - + - +

VR19 - Rod - + - + + + + + - + + N N + + - - - + - - + +

VR20 - Rod - + - + + - + - + + + N N + - + - + + - - + +

Bradyrhizobium sp.

NAIMCC-B-00262 -

Rod - + - + + - + - + + + + + + - - - - + + - - -

B. subtilis MTCC 441 + Rod - + + - + + + - - + + - - - - - - + - - + - -

Pseudomonas sp.

MTCC 129 -

Rod - + - + + + + + + + + - - + - - - + + - - + +

Table 4. Effect of different temperature on growth of bacterial isolates.

Bacterial

strains Temperature (C) Cardinal Temperature

10 15 20 25 28 30 35 40 45 50 55 Minimum Optimum Maximum

VR1 - - + ++ +++ ++ ++ - - - - 20 28 35

VR2 - - + ++ +++ ++ + - - - - 20 28 35

VR3 - - + ++ +++ +++ ++ + - - - 20 28 40

VR4 - + ++ ++ +++ ++ + + - - - 15 28 40

VR5 - + ++ +++ +++ ++ ++ + - - - 15 28 40

VR6 - - ++ +++ +++ ++ + + - - - 20 28 40

VR9 - + + ++ +++ ++ + - - - - 15 28 35

VR10 - - + + +++ ++ + ++ - - - 20 28 40

VR11 + + ++ ++ +++ +++ ++ ++ ++ + - 10 28 50

VR12 - + + ++ +++ +++ ++ ++ + + - 15 28 50

VR13 + + ++ ++ +++ +++ ++ ++ + + - 10 28 50

VR14 + + ++ ++ +++ +++ +++ ++ + - - 10 28 45

VR15 - + + ++ +++ +++ +++ ++ + - - 15 28 45

VR16 + + ++ ++ +++ +++ ++ ++ + - - 10 28 45

VR19 - + + ++ +++ +++ +++ ++ + - - 15 28 45

VR20 - + + ++ +++ ++ ++ + + - - 15 28 45

Bradyrhizo

NAIMCC-B-

00262

- - ++ ++ +++ ++ + - - - - 20 28 35

Bacillus

MTCC441

- + + ++ +++ +++ +++ ++ ++ + - 15 28 55

Pseudomonas

MTCC129

- + ++ ++ +++ +++ ++ ++ + - - 15 28 45

Table 5. Growth of bacterial isolates on different pH values.

Bacterial

strains

pH range Cardinal pH

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Minimum Optimum Maximum

VR1 - + ++ +++ ++ + - - 5 7 9

VR2 - + ++ +++ ++ + - - 5 7 9

VR3 - + ++ +++ +++ + + - 5 7-8 10

VR4 - + ++ +++ +++ + - - 5 7-8 9

VR5 - + ++ +++ ++ + + - 4 7 10

VR6 - + ++ +++ +++ + - - 5 7-8 9

VR9 - + ++ +++ ++ + - - 5 7 9

VR10 - - ++ +++ ++ + + - 6 7 10

VR11 - + ++ +++ +++ ++ + - 5 7-8 10

VR12 - + ++ +++ +++ ++ - - 5 7-8 9

VR13 - + +++ +++ +++ + + - 5 7-8 10

VR14 - + ++ +++ +++ ++ + - 5 7 10

VR15 - + +++ +++ +++ + - - 5 7-8 10

VR16 - + +++ +++ ++ ++ + - 4 7 10

VR19 + ++ +++ +++ +++ + + - 5 7-8 10

VR20 - + +++ +++ +++ + - - 4 7 10

NAIMCC-B-

00262

- + ++ +++ ++ + - - 5 7 9

Bacillus

MTCC 441

- + ++ +++ +++ ++ - - 5 7-8 9

Pseudomonas

MTCC 129

+ ++ +++ +++ +++ + - - 4 7-8 9

Table 6. Effect of different salt concentrations (NaCl) (%) on growth of bacterial isolates.

Bacterial strains Salt concentration (%) Cardinal salt concentration (%) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Minimum Optimum Maximum

VR1 +++ +++ +++ + - - 1 1-3 4

VR2 +++ +++ +++ ++ - - 1 1-3 4

VR3 +++ +++ +++ ++ - - 1 1-3 4

VR4 +++ +++ +++ ++ - - 1 1-3 4

VR5 +++ +++ +++ +++ + - 1 1-4 5

VR6 +++ +++ +++ ++ - - 1 1-3 4

VR9 +++ +++ +++ + - - 1 1-3 4

VR10 +++ +++ +++ ++ + - 1 1-3 5

VR11 +++ +++ +++ ++ + + 1 1-3 6

VR12 +++ +++ +++ ++ + - 1 1-3 5

VR13 +++ +++ +++ ++ + - 1 1-3 5

VR14 +++ +++ +++ + - - 1 1-3 4

VR15 +++ +++ +++ + + - 1 1-3 5

VR16 +++ +++ +++ + - - 1 1-3 4

VR19 +++ +++ +++ ++ + + 1 1-3 6

VR20 +++ +++ +++ ++ + - 1 1-3 5

NAIMCC-B-

00262

+++ +++ +++ + - - 1 1-3 4

Bacillus MTCC

441

+++ +++ +++ ++ ++ - 1 1-3 5

Pseudomonas

MTCC 129

+++ +++ +++ ++ + - 1 1-3 5

Table 7. Utilization of various carbon sources by bacterial strain isolated from Vigna mungo.

Carbon

sources

VR1 VR2 VR3 VR4 VR5 VR6 VR9 VR10 VR11 VR12 VR13 VR14 VR15 VR16 VR19 VR20 NAIMCC

-B-00262

MTCC

441

MTCC

129

Monosaccharides pentoses Xylose + + + + + - - - + + + + + + + + + + +

L-Arabinose - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + - - - +

Ribose + + - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + +

Rhamnose + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

D-Arabinose - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Monosaccharides Hexoses

Fructose + + - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + +

Dextrose - - - + - - - - + + + + + + + - - + +

Galactose + + + - + - - - + + + + - - - - + + -

Mannose + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - + + -

Sorbose - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Disaccharides

Lactose - - + + + + + + + + + - + + + + - + +

Maltose + + - + + - + - + + + + + + + + + + +

Trehalose - - - - + - - - + + + - + + + + - + +

Melibiose - - + - - - - - + - + + - - - - - + -

Sucrose - - + + + + + - + + + + + + + + - + +

Cellobiose - - - - - - - + + - + - + - + + - + +

Trisaccharide

Raffinose - - - - + - + - - - - - - + - - + - -

Melezitose - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Polysaccharides Inulin - - - - - - - - + + + + - - - - - + -

Organic compounds Sodium

gluconate

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Glycerol + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + - + + +

Salicin - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Organic compounds

Glucosamine - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

α-methyl-D-

glucoside

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

α-methyl-D-

mannoside

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

ONPG + + + + - + + - - - - - - - - - + - -

Esculin + + + + - + + + - - - - - - + - + - -

Citrate + + + + + + - + + - + - - - - + + - -

Sugar alcohol

Dulcitol - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Inositol - - + - - - + - + + + + - + + + - + +

Sorbitol + + - - + - - - + + + + + + + + + + +

Mannitol + + + + + - + - + + + + + + + + + + +

Adonitol + - + + - + + + - + + + - + - + + - +

Table 8: Plant growth promoting (PGP) activities found in different bacterial isolates from V. mungo.

Bacterial strains IAA

production

HCN

production

Phosphate

solubilization

Siderophore

production

Chitinase

activity

ACC

deaminase

Antagonism

against M.

phaseolina

VR1 +++ - +++ ++ ++ + ++

VR2 +++ - +++ +++ ++ ++ +++

VR3 + - + - - - +

VR4 + - + - - - +

VR5 + - + - + - +

VR6 + - + - - - -

VR9 ++ - + - - - -

VR10 + - - - - - -

VR11 +++ - +++ ++ ++ - ++

VR12 + - ++ + + - +

VR13 +++ - ++ ++ ++ + ++

VR14 ++ - + + - + +

VR15 ++ - + ++ + - +

VR16 +++ - ++ - - - -

VR19 + - + + - - -

VR20 + - ++ - - - -

Bradyrhizobium sp.

NAIMCC-B-00262

++ - +++ + + + ++

Bacillus subtilis

MTCC 441 + + - - - - ++

Pseudomonas

MTCC129 + + -

++ - - +

Table 9. Quantitative estimation of siderophore by isolates VR1, VR2, VR11 and VR13.

*Values are mean of three replicates standard error.

Incubation

time (h) Siderophore (g/ml) produced by different Bradyrhizobium isolates

*

VR1 VR2 VR11 VR13

0 0 0 0 0

24 80.1 100.1 90.3 70.1

48 160.2 190.3 170.1 150.1

72 230.1 260.2 240.1 210.2

96 290.2 320.1 310.2 290.1

120 330.3 370.2 35v2 340.1

144 320.1 360.1 340.1 350.2

Table 10: Antagonistic effect of Bradyrhizobiun isolates VR1 – VR6 against M.

phaseolina in vitro.

* = Values are mean of three replicates standard error.

Isolates

Growth inhibition of M. phaseolina colony

(%)*

Dual culture Cell-free culture

VR1 50.50.2 37.60.3

VR2 71.50.7 49.20.1

VR3 42.60.3 29.50.2

VR4 37.10.2 32.40.3

VR5 10.90.2 9.20.2

VR6 15.20.1 12.70.4

Bradyrhizobium

NAIMCC-B-00262 42.20.2 32.30.2

Table 11: Antagonistic effect of Bacillus isolates VR11 – VR14 against M.

phaseolina in vitro.

* Values are mean of three replicates standard error;

Isolates Growth inhibition of M. phaseolina colony (%)*

Dual culture Cell-free culture

VR11 78.60.2 54.50.3

VR12 51.50.7 42.20.1

VR13 60.20.3 53.40.2

VR14 47.10.2 32.40.3

Bacillus subtilis

MTCC 441 59.20.2 48.30.2

Table 12: Effect of cell-free culture filtrates (CFCF) of Bradyrhizobium isolates

on mycelial yield of M. phaseolina.

# Values are mean of three replicates, = standard errors; † values in parentheses

represent inhibition in mycelia yield (%); LSD at P > 0.1 in comparison with control

values.

Bacterial strains Mycelial dry weight (mg)#

Concentration of CFCF (%, v/v)

15% 30% 45%

Control 56.10.3 41.30.2 26.60.2

VR1 27.504

(50.9)†

12.30.3

(96.8)

0

100

VR2 23.30.2

(58.4)

3.10.2

(92.5)

0

(100)

VR3 32.60.3

(41.9)

18.20.3

(55.9)

12.30.2

(53.8)

VR4 35.40.2

(36.9)

25.30.1

(38.7)

10.30.1

(61.3)

VR5 37.10.1

(33.9)

30.30.2

(26.3)

12.10.2

(54.5)

VR6 33.90.3

(39.6)

27.8-.3

(32.7)

11.60.2

(56.7)

NAIMCC-B-

00262

29.10.2

(48.1)

13.20.4

(68.0)

2.30.2

(91.4)

SEM 0.1334 0.138 0.378

CD at 1% 0.5631 0.5800 1.5905

CD at 5% 0.4058 0.4180 1.1462

Table 13: Effect of cell-free culture filtrates (CFCF) of Bacillus isolates on

mycelial yield of M. phaseolina.

#, Values are mean of three replicates, = standard errors; † values in parentheses

represent inhibition in mycelia yield (%); LSD at P > 0.1 in comparison with control

values.

Bacterial

strains

Mycelial dry weight (mg)#

Concentration of CFCF (%, v/v)

15 30 45

Control 56.10.2 44.20.3 26.42

VR11 31.60.3

(43.6)†

12.20.6

(72.4)

0

(100)

VR12 40.20.4

(28.3)

27.80.1

(37.1)

5.10.2

(80.7)

VR13 32.50.3

(42.6)

18.20.4

((58.8))

0

(100)

VR14 38.40.2

(31.6)

21.30.3

(51.8)

4.20.3

(84.1)

Bacillus

MTCC 441 34.20.3

(39.0)

25.70.2

(41.9)

1.920.4

(92.8)

SEM 0.275 0.113 0.305

CD at 1% 0.1233 0.5059 1.3663

CD at 5% 0.8674 0.3559 0.9612

Table 14: Effect of cell-free culture filtrates of Bradyrhizobium isolates VR1-VR6

on germination of M. phaseolina sclerotia.

*Values are mean of five replicates, = standard errors

Bacterial

isolates

Concentration

(%, v/v)

Sclerotia germination (%)*

Incubation (hours)

48 72 96

Control - 802 863 933

VR1 15 323 422 541

30 231 261 312

45 0 83 121

VR2 15 282 372 472

30 81 121 171

45 0 0 0

VR3 15 422 533 623

30 351 451 562

45 222 312 382

VR4 15 403 511 593

30 321 402 521

45 203 273 323

VR5 15 382 481 601

30 252 342 453

45 174 243 292

VR6 15 412 571 651

30 251 341 451

45 232 292 363

Brady. NAIMCC-

B-00262

15 362 471 581

30 201 252 313

45 0 111 152

Table 15: Effect of culture filtrates of Bradyrhizobium isolates on hyphal

development during sclerotia germination of M. phaseolina after 48 h

incubation.

*Values are mean of five replicates, 1 standard error; 0 = No germination

Bacterial isolates

Concentration

(%, v/v)

Sclerotia germination (%)*

No. of hypha produced /sclerotium

1-3 4-6 >7 Total

Control - 41 263 501 802

VR1

15 42 101 182 321

30 211 32 0 233

45 0 0 0 0

VR2

15 42 173 72 282

30 63 22 0 82

45 0 0 0 0

VR3

15 102 162 262 423

30 111 153 93 352

45 82 102 42 221

VR4

15 31 142 273 404

30 93 194 122 321

45 102 81 21 203

VR5

15 61 122 202 381

30 102 154 61 253

45 111 62 11 174

VR6

15 82 111 222 411

30 61 162 31 253

45 213 21 0 234

Bradyrhizobium sp.

NAIMCC-B-00262

15 111 183 72 362

30 32 164 11 203

45 0 0 0 0

Table 16: Effect of cell-free culture filtrates of isolates of Bacillus on germination

of M. phaseolina sclerotia.

*Values are mean of five replicates, standard errors

Bacterial isolates

Concentration

(%, v/v)

Sclerotia germination (%)*

Incubation time (hours)

48 72 96

Control - 811 872 932

VR11 15 152 242 324

30 22 54 73

45 0 0 0

VR12

15 413 533 602

30 234 312 422

45 92 122 213

VR13 15 202 273 351

30 34 61 92

45 0 0 0

VR14 15 451 602 693

30 322 373 511

45 173 262 322

Bacilus MTCC 441 15 282 433 552

30 183 291 381

45 0 7 102

Table 17: Effect of culture filtrates of isolates of Bacillus on hyphal development

during sclerotia germination of M. phaseolina after 48 h incubation.

Bacterial

isolates Concentration

(%), v/v

Sclerotia germination (%)*

No. of hypha produced /sclerotium

1-3 4-6 > 7 Total

Control - 84 202 52 814

VR11

15% 32 73 41 142

30% 21 0 0 21

45% 0 0 0 0

VR12

15% 112 221 72 402

30% 131 82 31 241

45% 82 22 0 101

VR13

15% 63 113 41 212

30% 31 0 0 31

45% 0 0 0 0

VR14

15% 104 252 92 442

30% 153 113 51 313

45% 112 52 0 161

Bacillus

MTCC 441

15% 84 131 71 282

30% 101 71 11 182

45% 0 0 0 0

*Values are mean of five replicates; standard error.

Table 18. In vitro interaction between bacterial isolates.

+, Synersism, -, Antagonism.

Isolated

strains

VR1 VR2 VR3 VR4 VR5 VR6 VR9 VR10 VR11 VR12 VR13 VR14 VR15 VR16 VR19 VR20

VR20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + +

VR19 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +

VR16 - - - - - - - - - - - - +

VR15 - - - - - - - - - - - - +

VR14 - - - - - - - - - - - +

VR13 ++ ++ - - - - - - ++ - +

VR12 - - - - - - - - - +

VR11 ++ ++ - - - - - - +

VR10 - - - - - - +

VR9 - - - - - - +

VR6 - - - - - +

VR5 - - - - +

VR4 - - - +

VR3 - - +

VR2 ++ +

VR1 +

Table 19. Effect of cell-free filtrates of Bradyrhizobium sp. VR2 on growth of Bacillus sp. VR11.

Bacillus sp.

VR11

Optical density at 660 nm#

Incubation time (hours)

0 24 48 72 96

Control 0.180.01 0.410.03 0.630.02 0.780.01 0.810.02

VR11 0.180.01 0.610.02ns

0.920.01**

1.160.02**

1.230.01*

SEM 0.408 0.408 0.236 0.942 0.239

CD at 1% 0.5247 0.5247 0.3038 0.1212 0.3074

CD at 5% 0 .2415 0.2415 0.1399 0.5578 0.1415

#, Values are mean of three replicates, standard error; * and **, LSD at P > 0.1 and P > 0.5,

respectively in comparison with control.

Table 20: Intrinsic antibiotic activity shown by bacterial isolates.

Antibiotics Antibiotic

disk

(mcg)

Zone of

resistance

(mm)

Zone of

sensitivity

(mm)

VR1 VR2 VR11

Chloramphenicol C 30 17 21 24 (S) 26 (S) 22 (S)

Nalidixic acid Na 30 12 21 23 (S) 09 (R) 10 (R)

Furazolidone Fr 50 14 18 12 (R) 20 (R) 23 (S)

Norfloxacine Nx 10 13 17 18 (S) 21 (S) 11 (R)

Oxytetracycline O 30 11 17 19 (S) 24 (S) 21 (S)

Cephotaxime Ce 30 15 19 12 (R) 06 (R) 13 (R)

Cephalexin Cp 30 14 18 11 (R) 06 (R) 09 (R)

Co-trimoxazol Co 25 13 19 21 (S) 06 (R) 24 (S)

Ceftazidime Ca 30 16 21 26 (S) 24 (S) 31 (S)

Ciprofloxacin Cf 10 12 16 19 (S) 23 (S) 28 (S)

Nitrofurantoin Nf 300 12 16 04 (R) 08 (R) 21 (S)

Norfloxacin Nx 10 14 18 22 (S) 28 (S) 23 (S)

Netillin Nt 30 11 17 24 (S) 19 (S) 21 (S)

Ofloxacin Of 5 15 19 26 (S) 24 (S) 21 (S)

Table 21. Effect of seed bacterisation with bacterial isolates on seed germination and seedling growth

of V. mungo 30 days after sowing.

Abbreviations: * and **, LSD at P > 0.1 and > 0.5, respectively in comparison with control; T1 – M. phaseolina,

T2- B. japonicum VR2 nal+

, T3- VR1fur+

, T4- VR11nor+

, T5- VR1fur+

+VR2 nal+

+ VR11nor+

, T-6- M.

phaseolina + VR1fur+

+VR2 nal+

, T7- M. phaseolina + VR1fur+

+ VR11nor+

, T8- M. phaseolina + VR2 nal+

+

VR11nor+

.

Treatments Seed

germination

(%) Root Shoot Nodule No.

length (cm) Weight (g) length (cm) Weight (g)

Control 71 6.0 0.395 18.5 1.578 6

T1 62**

4.4**

0.315ns

17.1**

1.126 ns

4*

T2 86**

8.3 0.528**

25.0**

3.116 ns

11**

T3 80* 7.8

** 0.497

* 23.4

** 2.734

ns 10

**

T4 82**

8.0**

0.510* 24.2

** 3.064

ns 11

**

T5 88* 8.9

** 0.661

** 26.7

** 3.523

* 12

**

T6 77**

7.4* 0.471

ns 21.2

** 2.132

* 8

**

T7 76**

7.2**

0.433ns

20.0**

1.926* 8

*

T8 78**

7.8**

0.594**

23.9**

2.469**

9**

SEM 1.329 0.502 0.299 0.171 0.115 0.540

CD at 1% 5.4896 0.2077 0.1237 0.2089 0.4763 2.2421

CD at 5% 3.9849 0.1507 0.8980 0.1516 0.3458 1.1275

Table 22: Effect of seed bacterization with B. japonicum VR1, Bradyrhizobium sp.

(Vigna) VR2 and VR11 on plant height and vigour index of V. mungo

after 30 DAS in pots.

Abbreviations: * and **, LSD at P > 0.1 and P > 0.5, respectively in comparison with

control; T1 – M. phaseolina, T2- B. japonicum VR2 nal+

, T3- VR1fur+

, T4-

VR11nor+

, T5- VR1fur+

+VR2 nal+

+ VR11nor+

, T-6- M. phaseolina +

VR1fur+

+VR2 nal+

, T7- M. phaseolina + VR1fur+

+ VR11nor+

, T8- M. phaseolina

+ VR2 nal+

+ VR11nor+

.

Treatments Plant length

(cm)

Vigour index

Control 24.5 1739.5

T1 21.5**

1333.0

T2 33.3**

2863.4

T3 31.2**

2496.0

T4 32.2**

2640.4

T5 35.6**

3132.8

T6 28.6**

2202.2

T7 27.2**

2067.2

T8 31.7**

2472.6

SEM 0.729

CD at 5% 0.3012

CD at 1% 0..2186

Table 23. Effect of seed bacterisation with bacterial isolates on growth of V. mungo 60 days after sowing.

Abbreviations: * and **, LSD at P > 0.1 and P > 0.5, respectively in comparison with control; T1 – M.

phaseolina, T2- B. japonicum VR2 nal+

, T3- VR1fur+

, T4- VR11nor+

, T5- VR1fur+

+VR2 nal+

+ VR11nor+

, T-

6- M. phaseolina + VR1fur+

+VR2 nal+

, T7- M. phaseolina + VR1fur+

+ VR11nor+

, T8- M. phaseolina +

VR2 nal+

+ VR11nor+

.

Treatment Root Shoot

Nodule No.

Length (cm) Weight (g) length (cm) Weight (g)

Control 10.1 0.723 32.57 2.661 7

T1 9.3* 0.583

ns 27.83** 2.258* 5*

T2 13.9** 1.232** 40.33** 4.783** 13**

T3 12.9** 1.132** 38.3** 4.486** 10**

T4 13.7** 1.173** 39.7** 4.749** 12**

T5 14.9** 1.391** 41.37** 4.943** 14**

T6 11.4** 0.890* 35.47** 3.499** 10**

T7 10.9* 0.864** 33.73** 3.462** 10**

T8 11.4**

0.964** 35.53** 3.669** 11**

SEM 0.242 0.472 0.130 0.114 0.419

CD at 1% 1.0014 0.1950 0.5685 0.4729 1.7321

CD at 5% 0.7269 0.1416 0.3909 0.3433 1.2573

Table 24. Effect of seed bacterization with twin/tree consortia of Bradyrhizobium sp.

(Vigna) isolate VR1fur+

and VR2 nal+

, and Bacillus sp. isolate VR11nor+

on

disease reduction (%).

#, Values are mean of three replicates of 10 plants of V. mungo. *, Values in

parentheses are disease reduction (%).

T1 – M. phaseolina, T5- VR1fur+

+VR2nal+

+ VR11nor+

, T-6- M. phaseolina +

VR1fur+

+VR2 nal+

, T7- M. phaseolina + VR1fur+

+ VR11nor+

, T8- M. phaseolina +

VR2 nal+

+ VR11nor+

Treatment Number of plants showing disease symptoms#

30 days 60 days

T1 6.0 8.0

T5 2.0 (66.7%)* 2.5 (68.7%)

T6 4.0 (33.4%) 5.3 (33.7%)

T7 4.8 (20.0%) 6.2 (22.5%)

T8 3.2 (46.7%) 3.9 (51.2%)

Table 25. Root colonization by B. japonicum VR1fur+

, Bradyrhizobium sp. (Vigna)

VR2 nal+

and Bacillus sp. VR11nor+

in the presence of M. phaseolina after

30 and 60 days of sowing (2011).

##, Values are mean Log cfu of 10 plants; = standard error.

T2- Bradyrhizobium sp. VR2 nal+

,

T3- B. japonicum VR1fur+

,

T4-

VR11nor+

,

T5- VR1fur+

+VR2 nal+

+ VR11nor+

,

T6- M. phaseolina +

VR1fur+

+VR2 nal+

, T7- M. phaseolina + VR1fur+

+ VR11nor+

, T8- M.

phaseolina + VR2 nal+

+ VR11nor+

Treatments

Log CFU g-1

root segments#

Marker strain 30 days 60 days

T2 VR2 nal+

6.51 7.19

T3 VR1fur+

6.19 6.72

T4 VR11nor+

6.28 7.1

T5

(Consortium A) VR1

fur+ 6.32 6.86

VR2 nal+

6.87 7.4

VR11nor+

6.57 7.14

T6

(Consortium B) VR1

fur+ 6.25 6.8

VR2 nal+

6.69 7.13

T7

(Consortium C) VR1

fur+ 6.24 6.88

VR11nor+

6.33 6.99

T8

(Consortium D) VR2

nal+ 6.76 7.22

VR11nor+

6.43 7.15