symbiosis

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symbiosis`simbIowsis[n] the relation between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other

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We have symbiotic relationships with dozens of domesticated plants and animals. They may provide food, fiber, labor, protection, and/or companionship. In return, we work to ensure their survival. Domesticated cotton is one example of this.

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Organic Cotton - Organic farming represents a commitment to a system of agriculture that

strives for balance with nature, using methods and materials that minimize impact on the environment. The USDA* National Organic Program prohibits the use of genetic engineering,

irradiation or sewage sludge as well as toxic and persistent synthetic pesticides and synthetic fertilizers in organic

agriculture and processing. *United States Department of Agriculture

2928

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Rather than taking a scorched earth approach by controlling insects with pesticides, organic farmers may enlist insect allies control species called beneficials that feed upon the pests. The farmers gain a greater crop yield; the beneficials gain a food source.

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Accreditation - Procedure by which an authoritative body gives a formal recognition that a body or person is competent to carry out specific tasks under organic certification.

Biodiversity - The variety of life forms and eco-system types on Earth.Includes genetic diversity (i.e., diversity within species), species diversity (i.e., the number and variety of species) and eco-system diversity (total number of ecosystem types).

Bleaching A finishing process that brightens and removes natural and artificial impurities from yarn and fabric using either chlorine, hydrogen peroxide or other substances.Chlorine bleaching has a negative environmental impact, as the waste does not degrade, and is harmful to ecosystems. Organic processing calls for hydrogen peroxide as it degrades relatively quickly, and helps to balance pH in effluent water.

Breeding - Selection of plants or animals to reproduce and/or to further develop desired characteristics in succeeding generations.

Buffer Zone - A clearly defined and identifiable boundary area bordering an organic production site that is established to limit application of, or contact with, prohibited substances from an adjacent area.

Certification - The procedure by which a independent third party gives written assurance that a clearly identified process production or processing system has been methodically assessed, and that adequate confidence is provided that specified products conform to organic requirements.

Contamination - Pollution of organic product or land; or contact with any material that would render the product unsuitable for organic certification.

Conventional - Any material, production or processing practice that is not certified organic or organic in-conversion.

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4342

>CFJJ8IPConversion period - The time between the start of the organic management and the certification of crops and animal husbandry as organic.

Cotton - Color grown - Cotton plants that are specifically bred to take advantage of their natural coloring in shades of white, brown and green.

Cotton - Organic - Cotton grown without any harmful pesticides, herbicides or artificial fertilizers.

Cotton - Transitional Cotton grown during the period of time between the start of the organic management process and the official certification of the organic crops. This transitional period usually takes two to three years.

Cotton By-products - As cotton is ginned, short fibers called motes are generated when the seed is separated from the fiber. Conventional cotton seed is sent to an oil compress where the seed is delinted, producing linters, which are short fibers used in paper production. The seed is also pressed to produce cotton seed meal and cotton seed oil.

Crop Rotation - The practice of alternating the

species or families of annual and/or biennial crops grown on a specific field in a planned pattern or sequence so as to break weed, pest and disease cycles and to maintain or improve soil fertility and organic matter content.

Dyes - Low Impact - Better for the environment as they have the lowest impact in terms of temperature, water use and dye exhaustion.They also use no heavy metals, low salt, and are AZO & dioxazines compound free.

Dyes - Natural - Pigments are derived from organic materials such as vegetables, berries, bugs, clay, indigo, and other plant extracts.

Genetic Diversity - The variability among living organisms from agricultural, forest and aquatic ecosystems; this includes diversity within species and between species.

Genetic Engineering - A set of techniques from molecular biology (such as recombinant DNA) by which the genetic material of plants, animals, micro-organisms, cells and other biological units are altered in ways or with results that could

4544

>CFJJ8IPnot be obtained by methods of natural mating and reproduction or natural recombination. Techniques of genetic modification include, but are not limited to: recombinant DNA, cell fusion, micro and macro injection, encapsulation, gene deletion and doubling. Genetically engineered organisms do not include organisms resulting from techniques such as conjugation, transduction and natural hybridization.

Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) - A plant, animal, or microbe that is transformed by genetic engineering.

Green Manure - A crop that is incorporated into the soil for the purpose of soil improvement. May include spontaneous crops, plants or weeds.

Irradiation (ionising radiation) - High energy emissions from radio-nucleotides, capable of altering a foods molecular structure for the purpose of controlling microbial contaminants, pathogens, parasites and pests in food, preserving food or inhibiting physiological processes such as sprouting or ripening. The use of irradiation is not allowed on organic cotton.

N.G.O. - (non governmental organization) A non profit organization financed through private funds and grants.

Natural Fibers - Materials that grow in nature such as cotton, flax, hemp, alpaca, wool, bamboo, soyand silk.

Organic Product - A product which has been produced, processed, and/or handled in compliance with organic standards.

Recycled Fibers - Refers to the reclaiming of materials used by consumers and then subsequently processed, broken down and converted into a fibrous state.

Synthetic Material - Not of natural origin, these are man-made polyesters and polyvinyl fiber derivatives such as acrylic, nylon and spandex synthesized from petroleum and carbon derivatives.

46

`simbIowsis[n] the relation between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other

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