OCCUPATIONAL EXP O SURE DYNAMICS IN D I FFERENT TYPES OF RUSSIAN NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

Tsuruga 13-14 November 2008

ISOE International ALARA Symposium

1

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DYNAMICS IN DIFFERENT

TYPES OF RUSSIAN NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

Dr. Boris Bezrukov Concern Energoatom, RussiaDr. Olga Bezrukova VNIIAES, RussiaDr. Vadim Glasunov VNIIAES, Russia

ВНИИАЭС



2

Beloyarsk NPP

Balakovo NPP

Novovoronezh NPP

Kursk NPP

Kalinin NPP

Kola NPPLeningrad NPP

Smolensk NPP

Bilibino NPP

VVER-1000

VVER-440

BN-600

EGP-6

RBMK-1000

Volgodonsk NPP

List of the Russian commercial reactors

1010 NPPs, 3131 Units, P=2324223242 MW(el)

ВНИИАЭС



3

Nowadays, 31 commercial reactors are totally operated in the Russian Federation

- 15 VVER type reactors- 11 RBMK type reactors- 5 custom – built reactors

+ 4 reactors are at the stage of decommissioning

ВНИИАЭС



4

All Russian plants centralized management is executed by one

operating utility – Concern Energoatom (till September 2008 – Concern Rosenergoatom)

Concern Energoatom is fully responsible for providing all aspects of operational

safety at Russian NPPs

ВНИИАЭС



5

The main task of All-Russian Research Institute for Nuclear Power Plants Operation (VNIIAES), which was

established in 1979, to provide scientific and technical support in the area of NPP operation, based on the development and implementation and methods, aimed at increasing of the plants safety, reliability

and economical efficiency

ВНИИАЭС



6

In the Russian Federation, since 01 January 2000, effective dose 100 mSv per five successive years

with the provision that it should not exceed 50 mSv in any single year was determined as the main dose

limit in occupational exposure

Since 1961 until 01 January 2000, the main dose limit in occupational exposure was fixed 50 mSv

of annual equivalent dose

in the Soviet union and later in Russia

ВНИИАЭС



7

The 1996-1999 transient period of time was specially planned for development and practical implementation of organizational and technical activities to meet the new more strict occupational radiation requirements

ВНИИАЭС



8

Comparison of some occupational radiation protection indicators of Russian reactors in 1996 and 2007

ВНИИАЭС

Kind of indicator Reactor type 1996 2007Average annual individual dose of plant personnel and contractors, mSv

VVER 2.0 0.9

RBMK 7.0 2.2

Custom-built 3.9 1.5

All reactors 4.8 1.6

Number of plant personnel and contractors exceeding 20 mSv individual dose, persons

VVER 68 0

RBMK 861 0

Custom-built 37 0

All reactors 966 0

Average annual collective dose per unit, man Sv

VVER 1.7 0.9

RBMK 9.4 3.4

Custom-built 1.3 0.5

All reactors 4.3 1.6



9

Average annual individual doses at different types Russian reactors for the years

1994-2007

ВНИИАЭС

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Volgodonsk

Balokovo

Beloyarsk

Kalinin

Kola

Novovoronezh

Average

Leningrad

Smolensk

Bilibino

Kursk

Avera

ge a

nn

ual in

div

idu

al

do

se, m

Sv

Р



10

Distribution of the number of plant personnel and contractors

according to the intervals of the annual individual dose for 2007, in %

ВНИИАЭС

79.8

45.6

65.7

7.0

22.1

12.9

6.7

18.3

11.16.5

14.010.4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

%

less then 1 mSv 1-2 mSv 2-5 mSv 5-20 mSv

VVER

RBMK

All reactors



11

Evolution of the total number of plant personnel and contractors with the annual

individual dose less than 1 mSv for the years 2000-2007, in % from total

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

VVER RBMK All reactors

%

ВНИИАЭС



12

Number of plant personnel and contractors with the annual individual dosemore than 20 mSv for the years 1997-2007

ВНИИАЭС

693

291

110

6 417

801827

0000

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Nu

mb

er

of

pla

nt

pe

rso

nn

el a

nd

c

on

tra

cto

rs



13

Distribution of the number of plant personnel and contractors according to accumulated individual dose for the years 2003-2007

ВНИИАЭС

00.170.631.32

95.9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

<50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-100 >100

Dose intervals, mSv

%



14

Average annual collective doses per unit at different types Russian reactors for the years 1994 - 2007

ВНИИАЭС 0

510

1520

25

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Volgodonsk

Balakovo

Beloyarsk

Average for all reactors at decommissioning

Bilibino

Kalinin

Kola

Novovoronezh (3 operating reactors)

Average for all operating reactors

Average for all reactors

Leningrad

Smolensk

Kursk

An

nu

al

co

lle

cti

ve

do

se

pe

r u

nit

,

ma

nS

v

Рис.2.9



15

In the years 1996-2007, as a result of the implementation the considerable organizational and technical activities, the levels of occupational exposure at different type of Russian reactors were substantially decreased. Nowadays, occupational radiation protection indicators are fully correspond with the requirements of the national radiation protection regulation which is based on the

ICRP Publication 60 and the IAEA BSS 115

ВНИИАЭС

Documents

OCCUPATIONAL EXP O SURE DYNAMICS IN D I FFERENT TYPES OF RUSSIAN NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS