Occupational Health and Safety Program Fall Protection For General Industry

Occupational Health and Occupational Health and Safety ProgramSafety Program

Fall Protection For General IndustryFall Protection For General Industry

Course DescriptionCourse Description

Provides descriptions of fall hazards in general Provides descriptions of fall hazards in general industry and maintenance and the OSHA industry and maintenance and the OSHA regulations to mitigate the hazards.regulations to mitigate the hazards.

Includes: general requirements, floor and wall Includes: general requirements, floor and wall openings and holes, ladders, scaffolding, aerial openings and holes, ladders, scaffolding, aerial lifts, and other working surfaces.lifts, and other working surfaces.

Getting Credit and CertificateGetting Credit and Certificate

To get full credit and certificate for this class, the class facilitator should do the following:

*Present the Power Point Presentation and have all students study any handouts.

*Enter the appropriate information into the facility’s training records.

*Send the following information by e-mail to the Cabinet’s Safety Coordinator for each student in the class:

-name,-work address,-work title,-name of class,-date of class.

Safety Coordinator-Richard T. Owen at [email protected] certificates will be returned to the class facilitator.

IntroductionIntroduction

Slips, trips, and falls constitute the majority of general Slips, trips, and falls constitute the majority of general industry accidents.industry accidents.

They cause 15% of all accidental deaths, and are They cause 15% of all accidental deaths, and are second only to motor vehicles as a cause of second only to motor vehicles as a cause of

fatalities.fatalities.

Application of OSHA RegulationsApplication of OSHA Regulations

OSHA standards for OSHA standards for walking and working walking and working surfaces apply to:surfaces apply to:

**all permanent places of all permanent places of employment andemployment and

**maintenance sites.maintenance sites.

HousekeepingHousekeeping

Some of the most frequently overlooked general Some of the most frequently overlooked general requirements involve housekeeping.requirements involve housekeeping.


All places of employment, passageways, storerooms, All places of employment, passageways, storerooms, and service rooms shall be kept clean and orderly and service rooms shall be kept clean and orderly

and in a sanitary condition.and in a sanitary condition.

The floor of every workroom shall be maintained in a The floor of every workroom shall be maintained in a clean and, so far as possible, a dry condition.clean and, so far as possible, a dry condition.


Where wet processes are used, drainage shall be Where wet processes are used, drainage shall be maintained and gratings, mats or raised platforms maintained and gratings, mats or raised platforms

shall be provided.shall be provided.

Aisles and PassagewaysAisles and Passageways

Aisles and passageways shall be kept clear and in Aisles and passageways shall be kept clear and in good repair with no obstruction across or in aisles good repair with no obstruction across or in aisles

that could create a hazard.that could create a hazard.

Permanent aisles and passageways shall be Permanent aisles and passageways shall be appropriately marked.appropriately marked.

Aisles and PassagewaysAisles and Passageways

Where mechanical equipment is used, aisles Where mechanical equipment is used, aisles shall be sufficiently wide. Improper aisle widths shall be sufficiently wide. Improper aisle widths coupled with poor housekeeping and employee coupled with poor housekeeping and employee

traffic can cause injury to employees, damage the traffic can cause injury to employees, damage the equipment and material, and can limit egress in equipment and material, and can limit egress in

emergencies.emergencies.

Covers and GuardrailsCovers and Guardrails

Covers and/or guardrails shall be provided to protect Covers and/or guardrails shall be provided to protect personnel from the hazards of open pits, tanks, vats, personnel from the hazards of open pits, tanks, vats,

ditches, etc.ditches, etc.

Floor/Roof LoadingFloor/Roof Loading

Load ratings on any floor or roof of a building or other Load ratings on any floor or roof of a building or other structure shall not be exceeded by placing a load structure shall not be exceeded by placing a load greater that that for which such floor or roof is greater that that for which such floor or roof is

approved.approved.

Protection for Floor OpeningsProtection for Floor Openings

Standard railings shall be provided on all exposed Standard railings shall be provided on all exposed sides of a stairway opening, except at the stairway sides of a stairway opening, except at the stairway entrance.entrance.


Standard Railing-consists of a top rail, mid rail, and Standard Railing-consists of a top rail, mid rail, and posts. Shall have a vertical height of 42 inches from posts. Shall have a vertical height of 42 inches from

the upper surface of top rail to floor, platform, the upper surface of top rail to floor, platform, runway or ramp level. runway or ramp level.

Mid-rail height is 21 inches.Mid-rail height is 21 inches.

Toeboard is also required.Toeboard is also required.


Standard Toeboard-4 inches in vertical height, with not Standard Toeboard-4 inches in vertical height, with not more than ¼-inch clearance above floor level.more than ¼-inch clearance above floor level.


Floor openings may be covered rather than guarded Floor openings may be covered rather than guarded with rails.with rails.

When the floor opening cover is removed, a temporary When the floor opening cover is removed, a temporary guardrail shall be in place, or an employee shall be guardrail shall be in place, or an employee shall be

stationed at the opening to warn personnel.stationed at the opening to warn personnel.

Protection of Open Sided Protection of Open Sided Floors/Platforms/RunwaysFloors/Platforms/Runways

Every open sided floor or platform 4 feet or more Every open sided floor or platform 4 feet or more above adjacent floor or ground level shall be above adjacent floor or ground level shall be guarded by a standard railing on all open sides, guarded by a standard railing on all open sides, except where there is an entrance to a ramp, except where there is an entrance to a ramp, stairway, or fixed ladder.stairway, or fixed ladder.


The railing shall be provided with a toeboard The railing shall be provided with a toeboard whenever, beneath the open sides:whenever, beneath the open sides:

Persons can pass,Persons can pass, There is moving machinery, and/orThere is moving machinery, and/or There is equipment with which falling materials There is equipment with which falling materials

could create a hazard.could create a hazard.


Every runway shall be guarded by a standard railing, or Every runway shall be guarded by a standard railing, or equivalent, on all sides 4 feet or more above floor or equivalent, on all sides 4 feet or more above floor or

ground level.ground level.

Where tools, machine parts, and/or materials are likely Where tools, machine parts, and/or materials are likely to be used on the runway, a toeboard is required on to be used on the runway, a toeboard is required on

the exposed side.the exposed side.


Regardless of height, open sided floors, walkways, Regardless of height, open sided floors, walkways, platforms or runways above or adjacent to dangerous platforms or runways above or adjacent to dangerous equipment or other hazards shall be guarded with a equipment or other hazards shall be guarded with a

standard railing and toeboard.standard railing and toeboard.


Use at least one of the following whenever employees Use at least one of the following whenever employees are exposed to a fall of 6 feet or more above a lower are exposed to a fall of 6 feet or more above a lower level:level:

Guardrail systems,Guardrail systems,

Safety net systems,Safety net systems,

Fall arrest systems.Fall arrest systems.


Cover or guard floor holes as soon as they are created Cover or guard floor holes as soon as they are created during new construction.during new construction.

For existing structures, survey the site before working For existing structures, survey the site before working and continually audit as work continues.and continually audit as work continues.

Guard or cover any openings or holes immediatelyGuard or cover any openings or holes immediately..


Construct all floor hole covers so they will effectively Construct all floor hole covers so they will effectively support two times the weight of employees, support two times the weight of employees,

equipment, and/or materials that may be imposed on equipment, and/or materials that may be imposed on the cover at any one time.the cover at any one time.


In general, it is better to use fall prevention systems, In general, it is better to use fall prevention systems, such as guardrails, than fall protection systems, such such as guardrails, than fall protection systems, such

as safety nets or fall arrest devices, because they as safety nets or fall arrest devices, because they provide more positive safety means.provide more positive safety means.

Stairway Railings and GuardsStairway Railings and Guards

Every flight of stairs Every flight of stairs with four or more risers with four or more risers shall have standard stair shall have standard stair railings or standard railings or standard handrails as specified in handrails as specified in OSHA Regulations.OSHA Regulations.

Portable LaddersPortable Ladders

Chief hazard when using a ladder is falling.

A poorly designed, maintained or improperly used ladder may collapse under the load placed upon it and cause an employee to fall.

Types of Portable LaddersTypes of Portable Ladders

StepladderStepladder-self supporting portable ladder, non--self supporting portable ladder, non-adjustable in length.adjustable in length.

SingleSingle LadderLadder-non self supporting portable, non--non self supporting portable, non-adjustable in length, consisting of one section.adjustable in length, consisting of one section.

ExtensionExtension LadderLadder-Non self supporting portable -Non self supporting portable ladder adjustable in length.ladder adjustable in length.

OSHA Requirements for LaddersOSHA Requirements for Ladders

Portable stepladders longer than 20 feet shall not be Portable stepladders longer than 20 feet shall not be used.used.

Stepladders shall be equipped with a metal spreader Stepladders shall be equipped with a metal spreader or locking device of sufficient size and strength to or locking device of sufficient size and strength to securely hold the front and back sections in open securely hold the front and back sections in open position.position.


Single ladders longer than 30 feet shall not be used.Single ladders longer than 30 feet shall not be used.

Extension ladders longer than 60 feet shall not be Extension ladders longer than 60 feet shall not be used.used.

Ladders shall be maintained in good condition at all Ladders shall be maintained in good condition at all times.times.


Ladders shall be inspected Ladders shall be inspected frequently and those which frequently and those which

have developed defects shall have developed defects shall be withdrawn from service be withdrawn from service for repair or destruction and for repair or destruction and

tagged or marked as tagged or marked as DANGEROUS-DO NOT DANGEROUS-DO NOT

USEUSE..

OSHA Standards for Ladder UseOSHA Standards for Ladder Use

Ladders shall be placed with a secure footing, or they Ladders shall be placed with a secure footing, or they shall be lashed, or held in position.shall be lashed, or held in position.

Ladders used to gain access to a roof or other area Ladders used to gain access to a roof or other area shall extend at least 3 feet above the point of support.shall extend at least 3 feet above the point of support.


The foot of a ladder The foot of a ladder shall, where possible, be shall, where possible, be used at such a pitch that used at such a pitch that the horizontal distance the horizontal distance from the top support to from the top support to the foot of the ladder is the foot of the ladder is ¼ of the working length ¼ of the working length of the ladder.of the ladder.


*The worker shall always face the ladder when *The worker shall always face the ladder when climbing up or down.climbing up or down.

*Short ladders shall not be spliced together to make *Short ladders shall not be spliced together to make long ladders.long ladders.

*Ladders shall never be used in the horizontal *Ladders shall never be used in the horizontal position as scaffolds or work platforms.position as scaffolds or work platforms.

*Top of a regular stepladder shall not be used as a *Top of a regular stepladder shall not be used as a step.step.


Use both hands when climbing or descending ladders.Use both hands when climbing or descending ladders.

Metal ladders shall never be used near electrical Metal ladders shall never be used near electrical equipment.equipment.

OSHA Requirements for OSHA Requirements for ScaffoldsScaffolds

Footing or anchorage for scaffolds shall be sound, Footing or anchorage for scaffolds shall be sound, rigid, and capable of carrying the maximum intended rigid, and capable of carrying the maximum intended load without settling or displacement.load without settling or displacement.

OSHA Requirements for ScaffoldsOSHA Requirements for Scaffolds

Unstable objects, such Unstable objects, such as barrels, boxes, loose as barrels, boxes, loose brick or concrete blocks brick or concrete blocks shall not be used to shall not be used to support scaffolds or support scaffolds or planks.planks.


Scaffolds and their components shall be capable of Scaffolds and their components shall be capable of supporting at least supporting at least FOUR TIMESFOUR TIMES the maximum the maximum

intended load.intended load.


Scaffolds and their components shall be Scaffolds and their components shall be maintained in a safe condition and shall not be altered maintained in a safe condition and shall not be altered

or moved horizontally while they are in use or or moved horizontally while they are in use or occupied.occupied.


Damaged or weakened scaffolds shall be Damaged or weakened scaffolds shall be immediately repaired and shall not be used until immediately repaired and shall not be used until

repairs have been completed.repairs have been completed.


A safe means must be provided to gain access to the A safe means must be provided to gain access to the working platform level through the use of a ladder, working platform level through the use of a ladder, ramp, etc.ramp, etc.

Overhead protection must be provided for personnel Overhead protection must be provided for personnel on a scaffold exposed to overhead hazards.on a scaffold exposed to overhead hazards.


Guardrails, midrails, and toeboards must be installed Guardrails, midrails, and toeboards must be installed on all open sides and ends of platforms more than 10 on all open sides and ends of platforms more than 10 feet above the ground or floor.feet above the ground or floor.

Wire mesh must be installed between the toeboard Wire mesh must be installed between the toeboard and the guardrail along the entire opening, where and the guardrail along the entire opening, where persons are required to work or pass under the persons are required to work or pass under the scaffolds.scaffolds.


Employees shall not work on scaffolds during Employees shall not work on scaffolds during storms or high winds or when covered with ice storms or high winds or when covered with ice

or snow.or snow.

Unguarded Protruding Steel RebarsUnguarded Protruding Steel Rebars

Unguarded protruding steel reinforcing bars are Unguarded protruding steel reinforcing bars are hazardous. Workers can impale themselves by hazardous. Workers can impale themselves by stumbling or falling onto the rebars.stumbling or falling onto the rebars.


Guard all protruding ends of steel rebar with rebar Guard all protruding ends of steel rebar with rebar caps or wooden troughs;caps or wooden troughs;

Bend rebar so exposed ends are no longer upright;Bend rebar so exposed ends are no longer upright; When employees are working at any height above When employees are working at any height above

exposed rebar, fall protection/prevention is the first exposed rebar, fall protection/prevention is the first line of defense against impalement.line of defense against impalement.


Rebar Caps and Wooden TroughRebar Caps and Wooden Trough

Unguarded Protruding Steel Unguarded Protruding Steel RebarsRebars

Rebar should be bent over or protect with caps so that a Rebar should be bent over or protect with caps so that a worker would not be injured by fall on them.worker would not be injured by fall on them.

Aerial LiftsAerial Lifts

Vehicle Mounted Elevating and Rotating Work Platforms

Aerial LiftsAerial LiftsExtensible boom platforms.Aerial ladders.Articulating boom platforms.Vertical towers.Boom lifts.Combination of any of the

above.

Scissors LiftsScissors Lifts

Scissors lifts do not fall within any of the categories, not Scissors lifts do not fall within any of the categories, not addressed by the aerial lift provisions of the addressed by the aerial lift provisions of the

regulations.regulations.

Fall under the requirements of mobile scaffolds.Fall under the requirements of mobile scaffolds.

Tie-Off Requirements for Aerial LiftsTie-Off Requirements for Aerial Lifts

Employees must be tied-off when working from an Employees must be tied-off when working from an aerial lift.aerial lift.

A body belt is permitted only if it is part of a restraint A body belt is permitted only if it is part of a restraint system, otherwise, a body harness must be used and system, otherwise, a body harness must be used and the equipment must meet the OSHA requirements of the equipment must meet the OSHA requirements of a fall arrest system.a fall arrest system.

Tie-Off Requirements for Scissors LiftsTie-Off Requirements for Scissors Lifts

Scissors lifts are covered by the non-aerial lift Scissors lifts are covered by the non-aerial lift portions of the scaffold standard.portions of the scaffold standard.

Employees on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a Employees on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level must be protected from falling by lower level must be protected from falling by restraint systems, fall arrest systems, or restraint systems, fall arrest systems, or guardrailsguardrails..

Tying-off is not required where protection is Tying-off is not required where protection is afforded by guardrails.afforded by guardrails.

InspectionsInspections

Scaffolds and scaffold components shall be inspected Scaffolds and scaffold components shall be inspected for visual defects by a competent person before each for visual defects by a competent person before each work shift.work shift.

Also inspected after any occurrence which could Also inspected after any occurrence which could affect structural integrity.affect structural integrity.

Thank You For Your Thank You For Your ParticipationParticipation

For additional assistance contact:Richard T. OwenEducation Cabinet Safety Coordinator601 East Main StreetFrankfort, Kentucky [email protected]

Documents

Occupational Health and Safety Program Fall Protection For General Industry