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Ocean Commission Update
Coastal and Ocean Governance Review for Washington State
Presentation to Washington State Senate
Committee on Natural Resources, Ocean and Recreation
January 31, 2005
Marc J. HershmanProfessor, School of Marine Affairs
Adjunct Professor, School of Law
University of Washington
An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century
Low Water
12 NM
High Seas
Baselin
e
C.Z.
?? NM
T.S.
Continental Shelf
Expansion of ocean jurisdictionThe 1958 zonal approach
Thanks to Craig Allen
Deep Seabed
Hig
h S
eas
Uplands
Internalwaters
*Baselin
e*
*Baselin
e*
12 NM
Tidelands
12 NM
200 NM
EEZ(188 NM wide)
High WaterHigh WaterLow Low WaterWater
Continental Shelf
C.Z.
Submerged Lands
T.S.
Expansion of ocean jurisdictionThe modern regime
Thanks to Craig Allen
The renewal of national ocean policy
Bi-partisan panel Broad range of
expertise Geographic balance
The U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy
Presidential response
The President has 90 days to submit to Congress a statement of proposals to implement or respond to the Commission’s recommendations. The Bush Administration “Ocean Action Plan” was announced December 17, 2004.
Final Report Contents
Coordinated andComprehensiveNational Ocean
Policy
Advancing our understanding
Education
America’s Coasts: Living on the Edge
Water Quality and Pollution
International role
Ocean Value & Vitality
The new ocean governance framework
Final Report Contents
Coordinated andComprehensiveNational Ocean
Policy
Advancing our understanding
Education
America’s Coasts: Living on the Edge
Water Quality and Pollution
International role
Ocean Value & Vitality
The new ocean policy framework
K-12 Higher Ed & the
workforce Informal ed
Education and the workforce
Education coordination and development are key functions within the National Ocean Council
Align education with workforce needs Develop diverse ocean-related education at all post-
secondary levels Promote federal stipends for ocean-related education at the
post-secondary level Encourage cross-disciplinary courses of ocean study
Final Report Contents
Coordinated andComprehensiveNational Ocean
Policy
Advancing our understanding
Education
America’s Coasts: Living on the Edge
Water Quality and Pollution
International role
Ocean Value & Vitality
The new ocean policy framework
Watersheds Natural hazards Restoration Shorelines Commerce
Coastal management
Address growing costs of coastal hazards and data needs
Eliminate federal incentives that encourage inappropriate development
Better incorporate hazard risk into federal project analysis
Improve awareness of hazard risks Improve the National Flood
Insurance Program Improve hazard mitigation planning
Protection from natural hazards
www.ecy.wa.gov
Washaway Beach, WA
Ocean Shores, WA
www.ecy.wa.gov
Final Report Contents
Coordinated andComprehensiveNational Ocean
Policy
Advancing our understanding
Education
America’s Coasts: Living on the Edge
Water Quality and Pollution
International role
Ocean Value & Vitality
The new ocean policy framework
Coastal pollution Monitoring Vessel
pollution
Invasive species Marine
debris
Water Quality and Pollution
Coastal waters under siege
Managing point sources of pollution
Managing nonpoint sources of pollution
Managing atmospheric sources of pollution
Addressing coastal water pollution
EPA office of water
Final Report Contents
Coordinated andComprehensiveNational Ocean
Policy
Advancing our understanding
Education
America’s Coasts: Living on the Edge
Water Quality and Pollution
International role
Ocean Value & Vitality
The new ocean policy framework
FisheriesMammals
AquacultureOffshore non-living resources
Ocean Value and Vitality
Upgrade scientific input and separate scientific and management decisions
Strengthen research that supports management of commercial and recreational fishing
Clarify fishery management jurisdictions and upgrade interstate fishery organizations
Broaden Fishery Council membership
Achieving Sustainable Fisheries
Ocean Value and Vitality
Threats to marine mammals
Improving marine mammal protection
Meeting research and education needs
Applying ecosystem-based management
Protecting Marine Mammals
www.noaanews.noaa.gov
www.yoto98.noaa.gov
www.ucsc.edu
Ocean Value and Vitality
Coral ecosystems The existing management
framework International coral reef
protection Improving understanding of
corals
Preserving Coral Reefs
FKNMS
Marine Archaeology
Ocean Value and Vitality
Challenges to expansion
Developing and implementing national aquaculture policy
Increasing the knowledge base
International concerns and cooperation
Marine aquaculture
www.photolib.noaa.gov
Offshore Pacific threadfin (Moi) pen, HI
Ocean Value and Vitality
Links between oceans and human health Beneficial uses of marine-derived bio-products Negative health impacts of marine organisms Increasing federal coordination of oceans and
human health research
Connecting oceans and human health
www.wdfw.wa.gov
Ocean Value and Vitality
Non-living resources in federal waters
Oil and gas Methane hydrates Renewable energy Other marine minerals
Development of offshore energy and other mineral resources
Wave Dragon – a large offshore wave energy converter
www.wavedragon.net
Final Report Contents
Coordinated andComprehensiveNational Ocean
PolicyAdvancing our understanding
Education
America’s Coasts: Living on the Edge
Water Quality and Pollution
International role
Ocean Value & Vitality
The new ocean policy framework
Research Observing systems Technology Data
Research/ Education
Hydrothermal vent
ROV Tiburon
R/V Western Flyer
Monterey Bay Aquarium/ MBARI
Ocean Research/Observing Systems
The Neptune Project
Final Report Contents
Coordinated andComprehensiveNational Ocean
Policy
Advancing our understanding
Education
America’s Coasts: Living on the Edge
Water Quality and Pollution
International role
Ocean Value & Vitality
The new ocean policy framework
International ocean policy and science
Final Report Contents
Coordinated andComprehensiveNational Ocean
Policy
Advancing our understanding
Education
America’s Coasts: Living on the Edge
Water Quality and Pollution
International role
Ocean Value & Vitality
The new ocean governance framework National Council
Regional Approach Offshore management Consolidation
Governance frameworkThe national level initiative
Executive Office of the President
National Ocean CouncilChair: Assistant to the
Presidentfor Ocean Affairs
Ocean Policy
Advisors(non-federal)
Scientific and Technical Advisors
Committee on Ocean Resource Management
Committee on Ocean Science, Applications and Technology
National Ocean Council
Develop goals for national ocean governance Recommend and oversee national ocean policy Coordinate/ integrate activities of federal ocean agencies Stimulate regional approaches to ocean management Identify redundancies Guide use of science for policy Support partnerships: agency/NGO, private/public Expand agency outreach Assess state of nation’s oceans and coasts
Functions
The regional approach
Take the initiative on ocean management Set agenda and determine organizational
structure Receive federal support Define regions (initially based on fisheries
management regions)
“Bottom-up” policy development
The regional approach
Characterize the region Develop goals and objectives Facilitate regional research Coordinate collaborative ocean
management Build awareness Develop regional ecosystem
assessments Monitor and evaluate regional
performance Identify opportunities for offshore uses (e.g.
renewable energy, MPA’s)
Potential functions
USGS
Improving governance of the offshore
Meet Growing Need
Clarify Offshore Responsibilities
Ensure fair return from use of resources
Use Marine Protected Areas as Appropriate
A coordinated management regime
Renewable ocean energy Offshore wind farms: Horns Rev, Denmark
www.hornsrev.dk
www.hornsrev.dk
Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan Dec. 17, 2004
Enhancing Leadership and Coordination Advancing ocean research and observations Improving natural resource use and
conservation Assisting coast and watershed management Supporting marine transportation Advancing international ocean science and
policy
Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan
Supporting Regional Collaborations
•Great Lakes Interagency Collaboration
•Regional Partnership in the Gulf of Mexico
•Regional Aquatic Resource Partnership for
the Southeast of US
Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan
Resource Management Actions
•Promote market based systems in fisheries•Foster balanced representation on fish councils•Establish guidelines for use of science in fisheries•Implement coral reef local action strategies•Propose offshore aquaculture legislation•Better integrate the existing network of marine managed areas•Support offshore energy development
Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan
Coast and Watershed Management
•Advance watershed conservation through the Farm Bill•Conserve and restore coastal habitat•Prevent the spread of invasive species•Reduce coastal water pollution•Reduce airborne pollution of coastal waters
Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan
Ocean Research and Observations
•Develop ocean research priorities plan•Build global earth observation network•Deploy new research and survey platforms•Develop national water quality monitoring network•Coordinate ocean and coastal mapping•Implement oceans, human health, hypoxia act•Promote lifelong ocean education
Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan
International Ocean Policy and Science
•Accede to UN Convention on the Law of the Sea•Strengthen implementation of London Convention•Reduce land-based sources of marine pollution•Approve ratification of MARPOL amendments on pollution from marine engines•Use large marine ecosystems concept in international context•Link global earth observation system with the global marine assessment
Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan
Make ICMTS Cabinet Level Implement Freight Action Agenda Assess Short Sea Shipping Update water level observation network near
seaports Launch Federal Clean Marina Challenge Decrease Vessel Air Emissions
Supporting Marine Transportation
Congressional Initiatives - 2003-04
NOAA Organic Legislation Ocean and Coastal Policy Ocean Exploration Ocean Mapping Oceans and Human Health Marine Debris Reduction Ocean and Coastal Observations Coast and Estuarine Land Protection Ocean Research Coordination
Coastal State and BC Initiatives
California Ocean Action Plan and Ocean Protection Council
Oregon Ocean Policy Advisory CouncilCanada Ocean Strategy; Cdn-BC
Implementation MOUHawaii Ocean and Coastal CouncilWashington: Proposed Ocean Policy
Review Commission
Washington State Situation
Emerging marine technologies and development/environmental trends
•Renewable ocean energy projects
•Fisheries enhancement and mariculture
•Ocean science and monitoring
•Marine Biotech and human health protection
•Climate change and variability effects
•Marine transit and short sea shipping
Washington State Situation
Links to Oregon and British Columbia
•Oregon: coordination on erosion, dredging, fisheries, research and ocean observing/monitoring systems
•British Columbia: coordination on water quality, habitat improvement, research, marine reserves, shipping safety
S. 5278 - Ocean Policy Review Commission
Modeled after US Commission Gets the dialogue started Take a fresh and independent look Build capacity to better assert state interests Provide sufficient funds for an independent
review
Thank you
The Project on Ocean Governance
School of Marine Affairs
University of Washington