Ocean Drilling Program Initial Reports Volume 159...Steep dips in contourite-bedded sandstones intercalated in cleaved black shales (late Albian). B. Section 159-960A-54R-3. Set of

c.

Along the Còte d'Ivoire-Ghana Transform Margin Leg 159 has investigated a wide range of geological problems from Quaternary paleoceanographic fluctua-tions to Early Cretaceous margin development. This frontispiece illustrates some aspects of the sedimentological and structural record of the Cretaceous trans-form margin creation.A. Section 159-959D-75R-1. Steep dips in contourite-bedded sandstones intercalated in cleaved black shales (late Albian).B. Section 159-960A-54R-3. Set of small scale deformations in finely laminated siltstones and claystones affected by fractures filled with kaolinite (Early Creta-ceous).C. Section 159-961B-73R-1. Shear plane with crenulations and associated microfolding in lenticular bedded siltstones (Early Cretaceous).D. Core 159-962D-6R. Microfaulting and veining in laminated dolomitic siltstone and claystone (late Albian).

PROCEEDINGSOF THE

OCEAN DRILLINGPROGRAM

VOLUME 1 5 9

INITIAL REPORTSCOTE DIVOIRE-GHANA TRANSFORM MARGIN

EASTERN EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC

Covering Leg 159 of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel JOIDES Resolution,Dakar, Senegal, to Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Sites 959-962,

3 January-2 March 1995

Jean Mascle, Q.P. Lohmann, Peter D. Clift, Thomas Akamaluk, Simon Allerton,Maria Vera Susanna Ask, Enriqueta C. Barrera, Eric Barton, Christophe Basile,

Jean-Pierre Bellier, Jean Benkhelil, Emmanuel K. Brantuoh, Rosemary Anne Edwards,E. (Lee) Ewert, Carlos Qonçalves, Ken-ichiro Hisada, Mary Anne Holmes,

Aleksandra Q. Janik, Kyger C Lohmann, Sumito Morita, Carlos A. Mortera-Qutierrez,Richard D. Norris, Francisca E. Oboh, Elizabeth A. Pickett, Thomas Pletsch,

Greg Ravizza, Samir Shafik, Im Chul Shin, Kari O. Strand, Thomas Wagner, David K. WatkinsShipboard Scientists

Peter D. CliftShipboard Staff Scientist

Prepared by the

OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM

TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY

in cooperation with theNATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION

andJOINT OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS, INC.

This publication was prepared by the Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, as anaccount of work performed under the international Ocean Drilling Program, which is managed byJoint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc., under contract with the National Science Foundation. Fund-ing for the program was provided by the following agencies at the time of this cruise:

Canada/Australia Consortium for the Ocean Drilling Program, Department of Energy, Mines andResources (Canada), and Department of Primary Industries and Energy (Australia)

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Federal Republic of Germany)

European Science Foundation Consortium for Ocean Drilling (Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Greece,Iceland, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and Turkey)

Institut Français de Recherche pour 1'Exploitation de la Mer (France)

National Science Foundation (United States)

Natural Environment Research Council (United Kingdom)

University of Tokyo, Ocean Research Institute (Japan)

Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are thoseof the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation, the par-ticipating agencies, Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc., Texas A&M University, or Texas A&MResearch Foundation.

Reference to the whole or to part of this volume should be made as follows:

Mascle, J., Lohmann, G.P., Clift, P.D., et al., 1996. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 159: College Station,TX (Ocean Drilling Program).

Shipboard Scientific Party, 1996. Site 959. In Mascle, J., Lohmann, G.P., Clift, P.D., et al., Proc.ODP, Init. Repts., 159: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 65-150.

Effective Publication Dates of ODP Proceedings

According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the date of publication of a workand of a contained name or statement affecting nomenclature is the date on which the publicationwas mailed to subscribers, placed on sale, or when the whole edition is distributed free of charge,mailed to institutions and individuals to whom free copies are distributed. The mailing date, not theprinted date, is the correct one.

The mailing dates of recent Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program are as follows:

Volume 156 {Initial Reports): September 1995Volume 157 {Initial Reports): November 1995Volume 158 {Initial Reports): January 1996Volume 144 {Scientific Results): December 1995Volume 145 {Scientific Results): December 1995Volume 146, Pt. 1 {Scientific Results): December 1995

Distribution

Copies of this publication may be obtained from Publications Distribution Center, Ocean Drilling Pro-gram, 1000 Discovery Drive, College Station, Texas 77845-9547, U.S.A. Orders for copies willrequire advance payment. See current ODP publication list for price and availability of this publication.

Printed February 1996

ISSN 0884-5883Library of Congress 87-655-674

Printed in Canada by Friesens

The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984 ™

ForewordBy the National Science Foundation

The National Science Foundation is proud to play a leading role in partnership with theU.S. Oceanographic community in the operation and management of the Ocean DrillingProgram (ODP). We are equally proud of the cooperation and commitment of our interna-tional partners, who contribute both financial and intellectual resources required to main-tain the high quality of this unique program. The Ocean Drilling Program, like itspredecessor, the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP), is a model for the organization andplanning of research to address global scientific problems that are of high priority interna-tionally and of long-term interest to the scientific community and general public.

Major scientific themes guiding the development of specific drilling cruises range fromdetermining the causes and effects of oceanic and climatic variability to understanding thecirculation of fluids in the ocean crust and the resultant formation of mineral deposits.Although such studies are at the forefront of basic scientific inquiry into the processes thatcontrol and modify the global environment, they are equally important in providing thebackground for assessing man's impact on the global environment or for projectingresource availability for future generations.

The transition from the DSDP to the ODP was marked by a number of changes. The471-foot JOIDES Resolution, which replaced the Glomar Challenger, has allowed largerscientific parties and the participation of more graduate students, a larger laboratory andtechnical capability, and operations in more hostile ocean regions. The JOIDES Resolu-tion has drilled in all of the world's oceans, from the marginal ice regions of the Arctic towithin sight of the Antarctic continent. Over 1,200 scientists and students from 26 nationshave participated on project cruises. Cores recovered from the cruises and stored in ODPrepositories in the United States and Europe have provided samples to an additional 1,000scientists for longer term post-cruise research investigations. The downhole geochemicaland geophysical logging program, unsurpassed in either academia or industry, is provid-ing remarkable new data with which to study the Earth.

In 1994, NSF and our international partners renewed our commitment to the programfor its final phase. Of the 20 countries that supported ODP initially, only one, Russia, hasbeen unable to continue for financial reasons. As the reputation and scientific impact ofthe program continue to grow internationally, we hope to add additional members and newscientific constituencies. This global scientific participation continues to assure the pro-grants scientific excellence by focusing and integrating the combined scientific knowl-edge and capabilities of its member nations.

We wish the program smooth sailing and good drilling!

Neal LaneDirectorNational Science Foundation

Arlington, Virginia

ForewordBy Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc.

This volume presents scientific and engineering results from the Ocean Drilling Pro-gram (ODP). The papers presented here address the scientific and technical goals of theprogram, which include providing a global description of geological and geophysicalstructures including passive and active margins and sediment history, and studying indetail areas of major geophysical activity such as mid-ocean ridges and the associatedhydrothermal circulations.

The Ocean Drilling Program, an international activity, operates a specially equippeddeep-sea drilling ship, the JOIDES Resolution (Sedco/BP 471), which contains state-of-the-art laboratories, equipment, and computers. The ship is 471 feet (144 meters) long, is70 feet (21 meters) wide, and has a displacement of 18,600 short tons. Her derrick towers211 feet (64 meters) above the waterline, and a computer-controlled dynamic-positioningsystem stabilizes the ship over a specific location while drilling in water depths up to27,000 feet (8230 meters). The drilling system collects cores from beneath the seafloorwith a derrick and drawworks that can handle 30,000 feet (9144 meters) of drill pipe.More than 12,000 square feet (1115 square meters) of space distributed throughout theship is devoted to scientific laboratories and equipment. The ship sails with a scientificand technical crew of 51 and a ship's crew (including the drill crew) of 62. The size andice-strengthening of the ship allow drilling in high seas and ice-infested areas as well aspermit a large group of multidisciplinary scientists to interact as part of the scientificparty.

Logging, or measurements in the drilled holes, is an important part of the program.ODP provides a full suite of geochemical and geophysical measurements for every holedeeper than 1300 feet (400 meters). For each such hole, there are lowerings of basicoil-industry tools: nuclear, sonic, and electrical. In addition, a Formation MicroScanner isavailable for high-resolution imaging the wall of the hole, a 12-channel logging tool pro-vides accurate velocity and elastic property measurements as well as sonic waveforms forspectral analysis of energy propagation near the wall of the hole, and a vertical seismicprofiler can record reflectors from below the total depth of the hole.

The management of the Ocean Drilling Program involves a partnership of scientistsand governments. International oversight and coordination are provided by the ODPCouncil, a governmental consultative body of the partner countries, which is chaired by arepresentative from the United States National Science Foundation (NSF). The ODPCouncil periodically reviews the general progress of the program and discusses financialplans and other management issues. Overall scientific and management guidance is pro-vided to the operators of the program by representatives from the group of institutionsinvolved in the program, called the Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sam-pling (JOIDES).

The Executive Committee (EXCOM), made up of the administrative heads of theJOIDES institutions, provides general oversight for ODP. The Planning Committee(PCOM), with its advisory structure, is made up of working scientists and provides scien-tific advice and detailed planning. PCOM has a network of panels and working groups thatscreen drilling proposals, evaluate instrumentation and measurement techniques, andassess geophysical-survey data and other safety and siting information. PCOM uses therecommendations of the panels and committees to select drilling targets, to specify thelocation and major scientific objectives of each two-month drilling segment or leg, and toprovide the science operator with nominations for co-chief scientists.

Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. (JOI), a nonprofit consortium of U.S. Oceano-graphic institutions, serves as the National Science Foundation^ prime contractor forODP. JOI is responsible for seeing that the scientific objectives, plans, and recommenda-tions of the JOIDES committees are translated into scientific operations consistent withscientific advice and budgetary constraints. JOI subcontracts the operations of the pro-gram to two universities: Texas A&M University and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory

of Columbia University. JOI is also responsible for managing the U.S. contribution toODP under a separate cooperative agreement with NSF.

Texas A&M University (TAMU) serves as science operator for ODP. In this capacity,TAMU is responsible for planning the specific ship operations, actual drilling schedules,and final scientific rosters, which are developed in close cooperation with PCOM and therelevant panels. The science operator also ensures that adequate scientific analyses areperformed on the cores by maintaining the shipboard scientific laboratories and computersand by providing logistical and technical support for shipboard scientific teams. Onshore,TAMU manages scientific activities after each leg, is curator for the cores, distributessamples, and coordinates the editing and publication of scientific results.

Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) of Columbia University is responsible forthe program's logging operation, including processing the data and providing assistance toscientists for data analysis. The ODP Data Bank, a repository for geophysical data, is alsomanaged by LDEO.

Core samples from ODP and the previous Deep Sea Drilling Project are stored forfuture investigation at four sites: ODP Pacific and Indian Ocean cores at TAMU, DSDPPacific and Indian Ocean cores at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, ODP andDSDP Atlantic and Antarctic cores through Leg 150 at LDEO, and ODP Atlantic and Ant-arctic cores since Leg 151 at the University of Bremen, Federal Republic of Germany.

Scientific achievements of ODP include new information on early seafloor spreadingand how continents separate and the margins evolve. The oldest Pacific crust has beendrilled and sampled. We have new insights into glacial cycles and the fluctuations ofocean currents throughout geological time. ODP has also provided valuable data that shedlight on fluid pathways through the lithosphere, global climate change both in the Arcticand near the equator, past sea-level change, seafloor mineralization, the complex tectonicevolution of oceanic crust, and the evolution of passive continental margins.

Many of the scientific goals can be met only with new technology; thus the programhas focused on engineering as well as science. To date, ODP engineers have demonstratedthe capability to drill on bare rock at mid-ocean-ridge sites and have developed techniquesfor drilling in high-temperature and corrosive regions typical of hydrothermal vent areas.A new diamond coring system promises better core recovery in difficult areas. In a closecollaborative effort between ODP engineers and scientists, a system has been developedthat seals selected boreholes ("CORKs") and monitors downhole temperature, pressure,and fluid composition for up to three years. When possible, ODP is also taking advantageof industry techniques such as logging while drilling, to obtain continuous downholeinformation in difficult-to-drill formations.

JOI is pleased to have been able to play a facilitating role in the Ocean Drilling Pro-gram and its cooperative activities, and we are looking forward to many new, excitingresults in the future.

James D. WatkinsAdmiral, U.S. Navy (Retired)PresidentJoint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc.

Washington, D.C.


MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS OF THE JOINTOCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS FORDEEP EARTH SAMPLING (JOIDES)

University of California at San Diego, Scripps Institutionof Oceanography

Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory

University of Hawaii, School of Ocean and Earth Scienceand Technology

University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine andAtmospheric Science

Oregon State University, College of Oceanic andAtmospheric Sciences

University of Rhode Island, Graduate School ofOceanography

Texas A&M University, College of Geosciences andMaritime Studies

University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Geophysics

University of Washington, College of Ocean and FisherySciences

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Canada/Australia Consortium for the Ocean DrillingProgram, Department of Energy, Mines and Resources(Canada) and Department of Primary Industries andEnergy (Australia)

European Science Foundation Consortium for OceanDrilling (Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Iceland,Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland, and Turkey)

Federal Republic of Germany, Bundesanstalt fürGeowissenschaften und Rohstoffe

France, Institut Français de Recherche pour 1'Exploitationde la Mer

Japan, University of Tokyo, Ocean Research Institute

United Kingdom, Natural Environment Research Council

PRIME CONTRACTOR

Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc.Washington, D.C.

David A. FalveyDirector, Ocean Drilling Programs

OPERATING INSTITUTION

College of Geosciences and Maritime StudiesTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station, Texas

Robert A. DuceDean


Paul J. FoxDirector

Timothy J.G. FrancisDeputy Director

Richard G. McPhersonAdministrator

Jack G. Baldauf, ManagerScience Operations

Ann Klaus, ManagerPublications

Russell B. Merrill, Curator and ManagerInformation Services

Robert E. Olivas, ManagerTechnical and Logistics Support

LOGGING OPERATOR

Borehole Research GroupLamont-Doherty Earth ObservatoryColumbia UniversityPalisades, New York

David Goldberg, Head

PARTICIPANTS ABOARD THE JOIDES RESOLUTION FOR LEG 159

Jean MascleCo-Chief Scientist

Laboratoire de Géodynamique Sous MarineB.P. 4806230 Villefranche-sur-MerFrance

G.P. LohmannCo-Chief Scientist

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods Hole, Massachusetts 02543U.S.A.

Peter D. CliftStaff Scientist

Ocean Drilling ProgramTexas A&M University Research Park1000 Discovery DriveCollege Station, Texas 77845-9547U.S.A.

Thomas AkamalukObserver/Physical Properties Specialist

Geological Survey DepartmentP.O.BoxM80AccraGhana

Simon AllertonPaleomagnetist

Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of OxfordParks RoadOxford 0X1 3PRUnited Kingdom

Maria Vera Susanna AskPhysical Properties Specialist

Engineering GeologyRoyal Institute of TechnologyS-100 44 StockholmSweden

Enriqueta C. BarreraInorganic Geochemist

Department of Geological SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn Arbor, Michigan 48109-1063U.S.A.

Eric BartonPetroleum Geologist/Organic Geochemist

801 LaFarge AvenueLouisville, Colorado 80027U.S.A.

Christophe BasileJOIDES Logging Scientist

Institut DolomieuUniversité Joseph Fourier15 rue Maurice Gignoux38031 Grenoble CedexFrance

Jean-Pierre BellierPaleontologist (foraminifers)

Département de Géologie SédimentaireUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieParis 6T15-4E, 4 place Jussieu75252 Paris Cedex 05France

Jean BenkhelilStructural Geologist

Laboratoire de Sédimentologie etGéochimie MarinesUniversité de Perpignan52 Avenue de Villeneuve66860 Perpignan CedexFrance

Emmanuel K. BrantuohObserver/Sedimentologist

Geological Survey DepartmentP.O.BoxM80AccraGhana

Rosemary Anne EdwardsGeophysicist

Deacon LaboratoryInstitute of Oceanographic SciencesBrook Road, WormleyGodalming, Surrey GU8 5UBUnited Kingdom

E. (Lee) EwertLDEO Logging Scientist

Borehole ResearchDepartment of GeologyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicester LEI 7RHUnited Kingdom

Carlos GonçalvesLDEO Logging Trainee

Borehole ResearchDepartment of GeologyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicester LEI 7RHUnited Kingdom

Ken-ichiro HisadaSedimentologist

Institute of GeoscienceUniversity of TsukubaTsukuba, Ibaraki 305Japan

Mary Anne HolmesSedimentologist

Department of GeologyUniversity of Nebraska-LincolnLincoln, Nebraska 68588-0340U.S.A.

* Addresses at time of cruise.

Aleksandra G. JanikPhysical Properties Specialist

Rosenstiel School of Marine andAtmospheric Science

University of Miami4600 Rickenbacker CausewayMiami, Florida 33149U.S.A.

Kyger C LohmannSedimentologist

Department of Geological SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn Arbor, Michigan 48109-1063U.S.A.

Sumito MoritaPhysical Properties Specialist

Ocean Research InstituteUniversity of Tokyo1-15-1, MinamidaiNakano-ku, Tokyo 164Japan

Carlos A. Mortera-GutierrezPaleomagnetist

Department of Geology and GeophysicsTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station, Texas 77843U.S.A.

Richard D. NorrisPaleontologist (foraminifers)


Francisca E. ObohSedimentologist

Department of Geology and GeophysicsUniversity of Missouri-Rolla125 McNutt HallRolla, Missouri 65401-0249U.S.A.

Elizabeth A. PickettStructural Geologist

Department of Geology and GeophysicsGrant InstituteUniversity of EdinburghWest Mains RoadEdinburgh EH9 3JWUnited Kingdom

Thomas PletschSedimentologist

Institut und Museum für Geologie/ Palaontologie derUniversitdt Tubingen

Sigwartstrasse 10D-72076 TubingenFederal Republic of Germany

Greg RavizzaInorganic Geochemist


Samir ShafikPaleontologist (nannofossils)

Marine Geoscience and Petroleum Geology ProgramAustralian Geological Survey Organization (AGSO)GPO Box 378Canberra, ACT 2601Australia

Im Chul ShinPaleontologist (nannofossils)


Kari O. StrandSedimentologist

Department of Geosciences and AstronomyUniversity ofOuluLinnanmaaFIN-90570 OuluFinland

Thomas WagnerOrganic Geochemist

University of BremenFachbereich 5, Klagenfurter Strasse28359 BremenFederal Republic of Germany

David K. WatkinsPaleontologist (nannofossils)


SEDCO OFFICIALS

Captain Edwin G. OonkMaster of the Drilling Vessel

Overseas Drilling Ltd.707 Texas Avenue South, Suite 213DCollege Station, Texas 77840-1917U.S.A.

Wayne MaloneDrilling Superintendent

Overseas Drilling Ltd.707 Texas Avenue South, Suite 213DCollege Station, Texas 77840-1917U.S.A.

ODP ENGINEERING AND OPERATIONS PERSONNEL

Mike Storms Operations Manager

ODP TECHNICAL AND LOGISTICS PERSONNEL

Mary Ann CusimanoPaul DavisRoy DavisJohn DykeEdwin GarrettDennis GrahamTed ("Gus") GustafsonBurney HamlinMichiko HitchcoxTaku KimuraTerry KlepacMatt MefferdEric MeissnerDwight MossmanChieh PengPhil RumfordDon SimsLorraine Southey

Marine Laboratory Specialist/X-rayMarine Laboratory SpecialistMarine Laboratory Specialist/PhotographerMarine Laboratory Specialist/StorekeeperMarine Laboratory Specialist/PaleomagneticsAssistant Laboratory Officer/Underway GeophysicsMarine Laboratory Specialist/Thin SectionLaboratory OfficerMarine Laboratory Specialist/YeopersonMarine Laboratory Specialist/Physical PropertiesMarine Computer SpecialistMarine Computer SpecialistMarine Electronics SpecialistMarine Electronics SpecialistMarine Laboratory Specialist/ChemistryMarine Laboratory Specialist/ChemistryMarine Laboratory Specialist/X-rayMarine Laboratory Specialist/Curatorial

Ocean Drilling Program Publications Staff*

Publications ManagerAnn Klaus

EditorsLona Haskins DearmontEva M. MaddoxJennifer A. MarinAngeline T. MillerRuth N. Riegel

Chief Production EditorJennifer Pattison Hall

Production EditorsKaren O. BensonJaime A. Gracia (this volume)Christine M. MillerWilliam J. Moran

Senior Publications CoordinatorGudelia ("Gigi") Delgado

Publications CoordinatorShelley Rene Cormier

Publications SpecialistM. Kathleen Phillips

Data Entry/Copier OperatorAnn Yeager

Senior PhotographerJohn W. Beck

PhotographerBradley James Cook

Chief IllustratorDeborah L. Partain

IllustratorsMelany R. BorsackL. Michelle Briggs (lead, this volume)Katherine C. IrwinNancy H. Luedke

Production AssistantsSharon L. DunnWilliam HarperMary Elizabeth Mitchell

Student AssistantsPamela Ivette Baires, Maria Barbéy, Katherine Jackson, Amy Knapp, Lisa Larson, Weyland M.A. Simmons, Alan Toon, Yvonne C. Zissa

At time of publication.

Publishers Notes

Abbreviations for names of organizations and publications in ODP reference lists follow the stylegiven in Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index (published by American Chemical Society).

The information on the Leg 159 CD-ROM is unedited material collected aboard ship. A copy of theCD is located in the back pocket of this book.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME 159—INITIAL REPORTS

Acknowledgments 1

SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION

1. Introduction 5J. Mascle, G.P. Lohmann, P.D. Clift, and Shipboard Scientific Party

2. Explanatory notes 17Shipboard Scientific Party

3. Pre-cruise and site surveys: a synthesis of marine geological and geophysicaldata on the Cote d'Ivoire-Ghana Transform Margin 47C. Basile, J. Mascle, F. Sage, G. Lamarche, and B. Pontoise

4. Underway geophysics 61R.A. Edwards and Shipboard Scientific Party

SECTION 2: SITE CHAPTERS

5. Site 959 65

Shipboard Scientific Party

Site summary 65

Principal results 66

Background and objectives 67

Operations 68

Site geophysics 72

Lithostratigraphy 74

Biostratigraphy 87

Paleomagnetism 93

Sedimentation rates 95

Structural geology 96

Organic geochemistry 102

Source rock geochemistry 108

Inorganic geochemistry 108

Physical properties 112

Downhole measurements 116

Shore-based log processing 134

6. Site 960 151


Site summary 151



Operations 158

Site geophysics 160


Biostratigraphy 177

Paleomagnetism 182









7. Site 961 217


Site summary 217



Operations 222

Site geophysics 224


Biostratigraphy 234

Paleomagnetism 238






8. Site 962 251


Site summary 251



Operations 257

Site geophysics 260


Biostratigraphy 270

Paleomagnetism 274









SECTION 3: PRINCIPAL RESULTS

9. Principal resultsShipboard Scientific Party

,297

SECTION 4: CORES

Core-description forms and core photographs for:

Site 959 317

Site 960 467

Site 961 519

Site 962 547

SECTION 5: SMEAR SLIDESSmear-slide descriptions for:

Site 959 587

Site 960 601

Site 961 607

Site 962 611

(For JOIDES Advisory Groups and ODP Sample and Data Distribution Policy, please see ODP Proceedings, InitialReports, Volume 158, pp. 375-384.)

CD-ROM MATERIALS

The CD-ROM in the back of this volume is a "data-only" CD-ROM containing both depth-shifted and pro-cessed logging data provided by the Borehole ResearchGroup at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, aswell as shipboard gamma-ray attenuation porosity eval-uation (GRAPE), index property, magnetic susceptibil-ity, P-wave, and natural gamma data of cores collectedon board the JOIDES Resolution during Legs 159 and159T. Also on the CD-ROM are scanned structuralVCDs, structural data spreadsheets, and selected photo-graphs of core faces. The CD-ROM also contains com-plete versions of selected tables from Chapters 5, 6, 7,and 8 (see list below). CD-ROM production was con-ducted by the Borehole Research Group at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, the wireline logging opera-tor for ODP.

Log and Core Data Directory Structure:NIH IMAGE directoryGENERAL INFORMATION directory

Format documentation fileINDEX fileSoftware documentation file

LOG DATA directoryREADME documentHOLE NUMBER subdirectory

Conventional Logs subdirectoryAcronyms and units fileCompression documentation (when appli-

cable)Log Data subdirectories

Individual tool data filesProcessing documentation

FMS and Dipmeter Data subdirectoryDipmeter in ASCII format file(s)

FMS images in portable bit map (PBM-8bit binary) format subdirectory

1:1 ratio images subdirectoryData files (every 10 m)Raster documentation file

1:10 ratio image subdirectoryData files (every 100 m)Raster documentation file

CORE DATA directoryREADME documentSITE NUMBER subdirectory

HOLE NUMBER subdirectoryGRAPE data fileINDEX data fileMAGSUS data fileNATGAM data filePWAVE data fileGRAPE (gamma-ray attenuation porosity

evaluation) documentation fileIndex properties documentation fileMagnetic susceptibility documentation fileNatural gamma documentation fileP-wave documentation file

The above structure is identical in each site and/or hole.

The INDEX file contains a summary of all the filesloaded on the CD-ROM. The software documentationfile in the GEN_INFO directory contains informationon which software packages work best to import porta-ble bit map (PBM-8 bit binary) raster files. It alsoincludes network sources for the graphics software anddata compression information. The README file givesinformation on whom to contact with any questionsabout the production of or data on the CD-ROM.

All of the ASCII files (with the exception of the SWFfiles) are TAB delimited for compatibility with mostspreadsheet and database programs. Holes that havemore than one logging pass with the same tools arelabeled Main and Repeat for conventional logs, or Pass1, Pass 2, etc. for FMS. If the files are not in separatedirectories, they may just be annotated with "m" and "r"or " 1 " and "2" in the data file names when there is roomfor only one character. Holes that have long loggingruns are often divided into TOP and BOTTOM directo-ries. The files may just be annotated with "top" or "bot"in the data file names where space permits or a "t" or"b" when there is room for only one character. Checkthe documentation file for a given directory for furtherclarification.

In the FMS-PBM format directory there are two subdi-rectories, 1:1 ratio with maximum 10-m-long imageraster files and 1:10 ratio with maximum 100-m-longimage raster files. The image raster files are namedaccording to their depth interval. The raster documenta-tion files contain image file parameter information nec-essary for use with most graphic software packages.

Summary of Log Data, Leg 159Hole 959D:

High resolution logsConventional logsSonic waveformsGeochemical logs (element and oxide weight %)Temperature logsFMS data

Hole 960A:High resolution logsConventional logsSonic waveformsTemperature logs

Hole 960C:Conventional logsSonic waveformsTemperature logsFMS data

Hole 962D:Conventional logsSonic waveformsTemperature logsFMS data

Summary of ODP Core Data, Leg 159Site 959

Hole A:gr1_26.datgr27_52.datindex.datmagsus.datnatgam.datpwave.dat

Hole B:grape.dat

magsus.datnatgam.datpwave.dat

Hole C:grape.datmagsus.datnatgam.dat

Hole D:gr1_39.datgr40_78.datmagsus.datnatgam.dat

Site 960Hole A:

grape.datindex.datmagsus.datnatgam.dat

Hole C:grape.datmagsus.datnatgam.dat

Site 961Hole A:

grape.datindex.datmagsus.datnatgam.dat

Hole B:grape.datmagsus.datnatgam.dat

Site 962Hole A:

grape.datmagsus.datnatgam.dat

Hole B:grape.datindex.datmagsus.datnatgam.dat

Hole D:grape.datmagsus.datnatgam.dat

Summary of ODP Core Data, Leg 159TSite 958

Hole A:grape.datmagsus.datnatgam.datpwave.dat

Hole B:grape.datmagsus.datpwave.dat

Table Directory Structure:

This CD also contains complete versions of the follow-ing tables from Chapters 5, 6, 7, and 8.

Chapter 5:Appendix B. Bulk susceptibility data, Holes

959A-959D: 5app_b1.txt, 5app_b2.txt,5app_b3.txt, 5app_b4.txt

Appendix C. Whole-core cryogenic data: NRMand 15- and 25-mT demagnetization, Holes959A-959D: 5app_c1.txt, 5app_c2.txt,5app_c3.txt, 5app_c4.txt

Table 6. Tensor tool orientations: 5tb1_6.txtTable 8. Elemental analysis of sediments:

5tb1_8.txtTable 9. Rock-Eval pyrolysis data: 5tb1_9.txtTable 11. Interstitial water analyses: 5tb1_11.txtTable 12. Interstitial water analysis of sediments:

5tb1_12.txtTable 13. Thermal conductivity data: 5tb1_13.txtTable 14. Index properties: 5tb1_14.txtTable 15. P-wave velocity data: 5tb1_15.txtTable 16. Shear strength data: 5tb1_16.txtTable 17. Electrical resistivity data: 5tb1_17.txt

Chapter 6:Appendix A. Bulk susceptibility data, Holes 960A

and 960C: 6app_a1.txt, 6app_a2.txtAppendix B. Whole-core cryogenic data: NRM

and 15- and 25-mT demagnetization, Holes960A and 960C: 6app_b1.txt, 6app_b2.txt

Appendix C. Shipboard discrete samples of NRMmeasurements, Site 960: 6app_c.txt

Table 5. Elemental analysis of sediments:6tb1_5.txt

Table 6. Rock-Eval pyrolysis data: 6tb1_6.txtTable 7. Interstitial water analyses: 6tb1_7.txtTable 8. Thermal conductivity data: 6tb1_8.txtTable 9. Index properties: 6tb1_9.txt

Table 10. P-wave velocity data: 6tb1_10.txtTable 11. Shear strength data: 6tb1_11.txtTable 12. Electrical resistivity data: 6tb1_12.txt

Chapter 7:Appendix A. Bulk susceptibility data, Holes 961A

and 961D: 7app_a.txtAppendix B. Whole-core cryogenic data: NRM

and 15- and 25-mT demagnetization, Holes961A and 961B: 7app_b.txt

Appendix C. NRM cryogenic data of discrete sam-ples, Holes 961A and 961B: 7app_c.txt

Table 4. Elemental analysis of sediments:7tb1_4.txt

Table 5. Rock-Eval pyrolysis data: 7tb1_5.txtTable 6. Interstitial water analyses: 7tb1_6.txtTable 7. Thermal conductivity data: 7tb1_7.txtTable 8. Index properties: 7tb1_8.txtTable 9. P-wave velocity data: 7tb1_9.txtTable 10. Shear strength data: 7tb1_10.txt

Chapter 8:Appendix A. Bulk susceptibility data, Holes 962B

and 962D: 8app_a1.txt, 8app_a2.txtAppendix B. Whole-core cryogenic data: NRM,

and 15- and 25-mT demagnetization, Holes962B and 962D: 8app_b1.txt, 8app_b2.txt

Appendix C. Shipboard discrete samples of NRMmeasurements, Site 962: 8app_c1.txt,8app_c2.txt

Table 3. Tensor tool orientations: 8tb1_3.txtTable 5. Elemental analysis of sediments:

8tb1_5.txtTable 6. Rock-Eval pyrolysis data: 8tb1_6.txtTable 7. Interstitial water analyses: 8tb1_7.txtTable 8. Thermal conductivity data: 8tb1_8.txtTable 9. Index properties: 8tb1_9.txtTable 10. P-wave velocity data: 8tb1_10.txtTable 11. Shear strength data: 8tb1_11.txtTable 12. Electrical resistivity data: 8tb1_12.txt

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Many scientists, marine technicians, and sailors have contributed to data acquisition alongthe Cote d'Ivoire-Ghana continental margin and surrounding regions of the eastern equatorialAtlantic Ocean; they have thus made it possible to conceive and begin to solve the scientificgoals underlying Leg 159.

Thanks go to the IFREMER-GENAVIR Technical Team (Brest) and the Seismic Process-ing Center at Strasbourg for acquisition and processing of the necessary seismic data. Valuableadvice for proposal improvement, site selection, and cruise planning was provided by manyindividual scientists, the Tectonics Panel, the Pollution Prevention and Safety Panel, the Plan-ning Committee, and other JOIDES advisory panels.

We are grateful for permission from the government of Ghana to drill in their ExclusiveEconomic Zone.

The smooth shipboard operations are tribute to the friendly and cooperative spirit of Cap-tain Ed Oonk and his officers and crew, the SEDCO Forex team and rig-floor crew, and to theODP technical laboratory and coring groups. Mike Storms (ODP operations manager), WayneMalone (SEDCO Forex drilling superintendent), and Richard Sammy (Schlumberger engi-neer) provided a vital and friendly link between the scientific goals and the technical realitiesof drilling and logging. We also thank the ODP Publications Department, which has had thetask of editing this volume.

Documents

Ocean Drilling Program Initial Reports Volume 159...Steep dips in contourite-bedded sandstones intercalated in cleaved black shales (late Albian). B. Section 159-960A-54R-3. Set of