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OCR
& HEALTH THROUGH TIME
lan DawsonDale BanhamPeter Smith
ContentsKey features of Smarter History vi
Smarter Revision: Living graph 6
2.1 What kinds of medicine wereprehistoric peoples good at - and notso good at? 16
2.2 Did the Egyptians develop anyimportant new medical ideas? 20
2.3 Did the Greek doctor Hippocratescompletely change medicine? 26
2.4 Did the Romans just steal the Greeks'ideas? 34
2.5 Review: Why was ancient medicine sosignificant when people didn't evenknow what made them sick? 42
• • .. • • . •3.1 Why couldn't people stop the
Black Death? 523.2 The Big Story of medicine in the
Middle Ages 563.3 Why didn't medicine improve in the
Middle Ages? Part 1 583.4 Why didn't medicine improve?
A half-time team talk 623.5 Why didn't medicine improve in
the Middle Ages? Part 2 64
•••••••
Medical Moments in Time:Roman Londinium, AD200 12Smarter Revision: Memory map 14Smarter Revision: 'Role of the individual'chart 27Smarter Revision: Digital camera 37Smarter Revision: Factors chart 44Meet the Examiner: Introducing DevelopmentStudy questions 46Meet the Examiner: Answering'describe' questions 48
Medical Moments in Time: London, 1347 50Smarter Revision: Factors chart 58Meet the Examiner: Answering 'factor'questions 74Meet the Examiner: Historical SourceInvestigations: Topic - The Black Death 76Meet the Examiner: Using sources: 'inference'and 'cross-reference': Topic - Medieval PublicHealth 78
4.1 What was re-born in the medicalRenaissance?
4.2 What did people discover during themedical Renaissance?
4.3 Did new discoveries help the sick?
82
8894
Medical Moments in Time: London, 1665Meet the Examiner: Evaluating changewithin aperiodSmarter Revision: Concept mapMeet the Examiner: Evaluating sources:Topic - Quack Doctors
86
100102
104
5.1 Why hadn't life expectancy Meet the Examiner: Evaluating changeimproved by the 1750s? 106 and continuity across periods 109
5.2 What does the story of Jenner and Meet the Examiner: Reaching overallvaccination tell us about medicine judgements using sources and your ownin 1800? 110 knowledge: Topic - Jenner and Vaccination 114
5.3 When and why did life expectancy Medical Moments in Time: London, 1848 118improve after 1800? 118 Medical Moments in Time: London, 1935 120
tn'1!mJ(;}- •: t t
6.1 Who were the key people in thefight against the killer diseases? 124
Meet the Examiner: Improve your timeplanning on Development Study questions 136Meet the Examiner: Tackling icebergquestions 137Meet the Examiner: Improve your timeplanning for your Source Investigation exam:Topic - Penicillin 138
Seetion 7: Public health after 1800: When did it finally improve - and why? '''''''~J~
7.1 How bad was public health in the Meet the Examiner: Practise your skills atearly 1800s? 142 using sources: Topic - Nineteenth-Century
7.2 Why wasn't anything done to protect Public Health 144people's health in the early 1800s? 148 Meet the Examiner: Evaluating the
7.3 Why did public health eventually significance of factors 152improve in the later 1800s? 150 Meet the Examiner: Evaluating the
7.4 Why did public health improve further significance of events 164in the twentieth century? 160
8.1 Opposition to changes in surgery:Did surgeons really want the sick tosuffer?
8.2 Why has surgery improved so muchsince 1900?
168
178
Meet the Examiner: Practise your skills atusing sources: Topic - Nineteenth-CenturySurgery 166Meet the Examiner: Answering 'Are yousurprised by...?' questions 169Meet the Examiner: Improve that answer! 182Smarter Revision: Freeze-framed photos 183
~"s.""~~~~
Seetion 9: Did Florence Nightingale revolutionise hospitals single-handed?~ '( ~4cdk~';:1 ffil :;::
Meet the Examiner: Practise for yourHistorical Source Investigation exam: Topic-Hospitals 187
•10.1 What do we owe our lives to? 19210.2 The road to Bacteria-ville - using road
maps to revise key themes 19410.3 What was so special about each
period of medical history? 19610.4 How did the factors affect the
development of medicine? 19810.5 Which factors were most
influential? 20010.6 Which individuals were most
significant? 20210.7 Into the future? 204
Medical terms 206Index 208
Meet the Examiner: Evaluating theimportance of factors over time 198