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OCT in neuroftalmologia
Piero BarboniScientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano
Studio Oculistico d'Azeglio, Bologna
Bologna, 23 ottobre 2015
The eye as a window into the brain
The eye as a model of neurodegeneration
Retina
Nerve Fiber Layer
Optic Nerve Head
Lamina Cribrosa
Retinal Ganglion Cells
Unmyelinated COX+
Myelinated COX-
Post-laminar Optic nerve
RGCs
Unmyelinated
Myelinated
lamina cribrosa
Carelli et al. Prog Retinal Eye Res 2004
The optic nerve is the largest unmielinated nerve running across the brain
foveaL RGCs density
foveaL cones density
RNFL and ONH:Optic Disc Cube 200x200
RNFL Thickness Map
RNFL Deviation Map
Neuro-retinal Rim Thickness
Ganglion Cell OU Analysis: Macular Cube 512x128
OD Sectors
OD Thickness Map
OD Deviation Map
Fovea: 249, 66
Studio Oculistico d'Azeglio
OSODRNFL and ONH:Optic Disc Cube 200x200
Signal Strength:
Technician:
Exam Time:
Exam Date:
Doctor:
Gender:
DOB:
ID:
Name:
8/10
Operator, Cirrus
12:38 PM
10/20/2009
Other
8/15/1973
CZMI648760526
Terranova, Barbara OD
RNFL Circular Tomogram
Extracted Horizontal Tomogram
Extracted Vertical Tomogram
RNFL Thickness Map
RNFL Deviation Map
RNFLQuadrants
RNFLClockHours
Disc Center (-0.18,0.33) mm
Distribution of Normals
NA 95% 5% 1%
Neuro-retinal Rim Thickness
RNFL Thickness
Doctor's SignatureSW Ver: 5.1.1.6Copyright 2010Carl Zeiss Meditec, IncAll Rights ReservedPage 1 of 1
Comments
RNFL RGC
optical coherence tomography
Ganglion Cell OU Analysis: Macular Cube 512x128
OD Sectors
OD Thickness Map
OD Deviation Map
Fovea: 249, 66
GC-IPL
ONL
RNFL
INL
OCT macular analysis
Ganglion Cell OU Analysis: Macular Cube 512x128
OD Sectors
OD Thickness Map
OD Deviation Map
Fovea: 249, 66
OCT: biomarker of neurodegeneration
neurodegenerative:Multiple Sclerosis
NMOAlzheimerParkinson
eredodegenerative:LHONDOA
OCT macular analysis
Ophthalmology 2013
Multiple sclerosis
reduced thickness of all retinal layers
MS & NMO
RGCs
RNFL
NMOMS
RNFL Thickness Map
RNFL Deviation Map
RNFL Thickness Map
RNFL Deviation Map
Ganglion Cell OU Analysis: Macular Cube 512x128
OD Sectors
OD Thickness Map
OD Deviation Map
Fovea: 243, 66
Ganglion Cell OU Analysis: Macular Cube 512x128
OD Sectors
OD Thickness Map
OD Deviation Map
Fovea: 249, 66
RNFL - GCC RNFL - GCC
OPTIC NEURITIS
7/20/2010 CZMI
OSODGanglion Cell OU Analysis: Macular Cube 512x128Signal Strength:
Exam Time:Exam Date:
Doctor:Gender:DOB:ID:
Name:
9/10
11:51 AM7/20/2010
Female3/20/1963CZMI125160856
Neroni, Santa
11:55 AM
9/10
OD OS
Serial Number: 4000-2487 4000-2487
OS SectorsOD Sectors
OD Horizontal B-Scan OS Horizontal B-Scan
OS Thickness Map
OS Deviation Map
OD Thickness Map
OD Deviation Map
Fovea: 254, 67 Fovea: 254, 68
Doctor's Signature mkdSW Ver: 6.0.0.488Copyright 2011Carl Zeiss Meditec, IncAll Rights Reserved
Page 1 of 1
Comments
Software under development - not for clinical use.
Software under development - not for clinical use.
RNFL CV GANGLION CELL
swelling masks early axonal damage
OPTIC NEURITIS
Ophthalmology 2014
IOVS 2013
macula is firstly affected in AD RNFL and RGC
impairment
Alzheimer Disease & Parkinson Disease
AJO2013
Parkinson Disease
outer nuclear layer thinning
Ophthalmology 2013
LHON and DOA
RNFL
RGCs
disease severity 1 2 3 4
WHICH DIES FIRST?
AJO 2014
CZMI
OSODGanglion Cell Analysis: Macular Cube 512x128Signal Strength:
Exam Time:Exam Date:
Doctor:
Gender:DOB:ID:
Name:
10/10
10:56 AM4/7/2011
Female1/27/1992CZMI607270859
Bedini, Benedetta OS
Serial Number: HDRSN-MD01
OS Sectors
OS Horizontal B-Scan
OS Thickness Map
OS Deviation Map
Fovea: 261, 66
Doctor's Signature mkdSW Ver: 6.0.0.471Copyright 2011Carl Zeiss Meditec, IncAll Rights Reserved
Page 1 of 2
Comments
Software under development - not for clinical use.
Software under development - not for clinical use.
5/9/2011 CZMI
OSODGanglion Cell Analysis: Macular Cube 512x128Signal Strength:
Exam Time:Exam Date:
Doctor:
Gender:DOB:ID:
Name:
8/10
1:33 PM5/9/2011
Female1/27/1992CZMI607270859
Bedini, Benedetta
1:39 PM
10/10
OD OS
Serial Number: HDRSN-MD01
OS SectorsOD Sectors
OD Horizontal B-Scan OS Horizontal B-Scan
OS Thickness Map
OS Deviation Map
OD Thickness Map
OD Deviation Map
Fovea: 261, 57 Fovea: 270, 67
Doctor's Signature mkdSW Ver: 6.0.0.471Copyright 2011Carl Zeiss Meditec, IncAll Rights Reserved
Page 1 of 2
Comments
Software under development - not for clinical use.
Software under development - not for clinical use.
5/18/2011 CZMI
OSODGanglion Cell Analysis: Macular Cube 512x128Signal Strength:
Exam Time:Exam Date:
Doctor:
Gender:DOB:ID:
Name:
10/10
2:44 PM5/18/2011
Female1/27/1992CZMI607270859
Bedini, Benedetta
2:42 PM
10/10
OD OS
Serial Number: HDRSN-MD01
OS SectorsOD Sectors
OD Horizontal B-Scan OS Horizontal B-Scan
OS Thickness Map
OS Deviation Map
OD Thickness Map
OD Deviation Map
Fovea: 210, 60 Fovea: 262, 67
Doctor's Signature mkdSW Ver: 6.0.0.471Copyright 2011Carl Zeiss Meditec, IncAll Rights Reserved
Page 1 of 2
Comments
Software under development - not for clinical use.
Software under development - not for clinical use.
5/9/2011 CZMI
OSODGanglion Cell Analysis: Macular Cube 512x128Signal Strength:
Exam Time:Exam Date:
Doctor:
Gender:DOB:ID:
Name:
8/10
1:33 PM5/9/2011
Female1/27/1992CZMI607270859
Bedini, Benedetta
1:39 PM
10/10
OD OS
Serial Number: HDRSN-MD01
OS SectorsOD Sectors
OD Horizontal B-Scan OS Horizontal B-Scan
OS Thickness Map
OS Deviation Map
OD Thickness Map
OD Deviation Map
Fovea: 261, 57 Fovea: 270, 67
Doctor's Signature mkdSW Ver: 6.0.0.471Copyright 2011Carl Zeiss Meditec, IncAll Rights Reserved
Page 1 of 2
Comments
Software under development - not for clinical use.
Software under development - not for clinical use.
4/18/2011 CZMI
OSODGanglion Cell Analysis: Macular Cube 512x128Signal Strength:
Exam Time:Exam Date:
Doctor:
Gender:DOB:ID:
Name:
10/10
3:45 PM4/18/2011
Female1/27/1992CZMI607270859
Bedini, Benedetta
3:40 PM
10/10
OD OS
Serial Number: HDRSN-MD01
OS SectorsOD Sectors
OD Horizontal B-Scan OS Horizontal B-Scan
OS Thickness Map
OS Deviation Map
OD Thickness Map
OD Deviation Map
Fovea: 241, 58 Fovea: 254, 63
Doctor's Signature mkdSW Ver: 6.0.0.471Copyright 2011Carl Zeiss Meditec, IncAll Rights Reserved
Page 1 of 2
Comments
Analysis Edited: 4/19/2011 9:32 AM
Software under development - not for clinical use.
Software under development - not for clinical use.
CZMI
OSODGanglion Cell Analysis: Macular Cube 512x128Signal Strength:
Exam Time:Exam Date:
Doctor:
Gender:DOB:ID:
Name:
10/10
10:56 AM4/7/2011
Female1/27/1992CZMI607270859
Bedini, Benedetta OS
Serial Number: HDRSN-MD01
OS Sectors
OS Horizontal B-Scan
OS Thickness Map
OS Deviation Map
Fovea: 261, 66
Doctor's Signature mkdSW Ver: 6.0.0.471Copyright 2011Carl Zeiss Meditec, IncAll Rights Reserved
Page 1 of 2
Comments
Software under development - not for clinical use.
Software under development - not for clinical use.
LHON
presympthomatic sympthomatic
5/18/2011 CZMI
OSODGanglion Cell Analysis: Macular Cube 512x128Signal Strength:
Exam Time:Exam Date:
Doctor:
Gender:DOB:ID:
Name:
10/10
2:44 PM5/18/2011
Female1/27/1992CZMI607270859
Bedini, Benedetta
2:42 PM
10/10
OD OS
Serial Number: HDRSN-MD01
OS SectorsOD Sectors
OD Horizontal B-Scan OS Horizontal B-Scan
OS Thickness Map
OS Deviation Map
OD Thickness Map
OD Deviation Map
Fovea: 210, 60 Fovea: 262, 67
Doctor's Signature mkdSW Ver: 6.0.0.471Copyright 2011Carl Zeiss Meditec, IncAll Rights Reserved
Page 1 of 2
Comments
Software under development - not for clinical use.
Software under development - not for clinical use.
4/18/2011 CZMI
OSODGanglion Cell Analysis: Macular Cube 512x128Signal Strength:
Exam Time:Exam Date:
Doctor:
Gender:DOB:ID:
Name:
10/10
3:45 PM4/18/2011
Female1/27/1992CZMI607270859
Bedini, Benedetta
3:40 PM
10/10
OD OS
Serial Number: HDRSN-MD01
OS SectorsOD Sectors
OD Horizontal B-Scan OS Horizontal B-Scan
OS Thickness Map
OS Deviation Map
OD Thickness Map
OD Deviation Map
Fovea: 241, 58 Fovea: 254, 63
Doctor's Signature mkdSW Ver: 6.0.0.471Copyright 2011Carl Zeiss Meditec, IncAll Rights Reserved
Page 1 of 2
Comments
Analysis Edited: 4/19/2011 9:32 AM
Software under development - not for clinical use.
Software under development - not for clinical use.
Devia&on))
Sectorial)
pepe
maddalenavito Farolfi
NTG OS
Farolfi NTG OS
galluzzo plateau
BERNABE Toxic
5/30/2011 Studio Oculistico d'Azeglio
OSODGanglion Cell OU Analysis: Macular Cube 512x128Signal Strength:
Exam Time:Exam Date:
Doctor:Gender:DOB:ID:
Name:
9/10
10:04 AM5/30/2011
Unknown2/11/1947CZMI237413138
Barnabe', Paolo
10:07 AM
8/10
OD OS
Serial Number: 4000-2487 4000-2487
OS SectorsOD Sectors
OD Horizontal B-Scan OS Horizontal B-Scan
OS Thickness Map
OS Deviation Map
OD Thickness Map
OD Deviation Map
Fovea: 259, 65 Fovea: 265, 64
Doctor's SignatureSW Ver: 6.0.0.599Copyright 2011Carl Zeiss Meditec, IncAll Rights ReservedPage 1 of 1
Comments
6/16/2009 Studio Oculistico d'Azeglio
OSODGanglion Cell OU Analysis: Macular Cube 512x128Signal Strength:
Exam Time:Exam Date:
Technician:Gender:DOB:ID:
Name:
10/10
6:08 AM6/16/2009
Operator, CirrusOther2/12/1949CZMI976061588
Farolfi, Teresa
6:10 AM
7/10
OD OS
Serial Number: 4000-2487 4000-2487
OS SectorsOD Sectors
OD Horizontal B-Scan OS Horizontal B-Scan
OS Thickness Map
OS Deviation Map
OD Thickness Map
OD Deviation Map
Fovea: 260, 65 Fovea: 262, 66
Doctor's SignatureSW Ver: 6.5.0.772Copyright 2012Carl Zeiss Meditec, IncAll Rights Reserved
Page 1 of 1
Comments
Analysis Edited: 6/16/2009 6:20 AM
Glaucoma
NORB
10/3/2011 Studio Oculistico d'Azeglio
OSODGanglion Cell OU Analysis: Macular Cube 512x128Signal Strength:
Exam Time:Exam Date:
Doctor:Gender:DOB:ID:
Name:
10/10
11:47 AM10/3/2011
Other7/2/1962CZMI2025612252
Galluzzo, Fabio
11:49 AM
10/10
OD OS
Serial Number: 4000-2487 4000-2487
OS SectorsOD Sectors
OD Horizontal B-Scan OS Horizontal B-Scan
OS Thickness Map
OS Deviation Map
OD Thickness Map
OD Deviation Map
Fovea: 257, 65 Fovea: 265, 66
Doctor's SignatureSW Ver: 6.0.0.599Copyright 2011Carl Zeiss Meditec, IncAll Rights ReservedPage 1 of 1
Comments
4/8/2014 Studio Oculistico d'Azeglio
OSODGanglion Cell OU Analysis: Macular Cube 512x128Signal Strength:
Exam Time:Exam Date:
Technician:Gender:DOB:ID:
Name:
10/10
3:21 PM4/8/2014
Operator, CirrusMale9/23/1994CZMI932317172
Pepe, Marco
5:18 PM
10/10
OD OS
Serial Number: 4000-2487 4000-2487
OS SectorsOD Sectors
OD Horizontal B-Scan OS Horizontal B-Scan
OS Thickness Map
OS Deviation Map
OD Thickness Map
OD Deviation Map
Fovea: 263, 71 Fovea: 252, 69
Doctor's SignatureSW Ver: 6.5.0.772Copyright 2012Carl Zeiss Meditec, IncAll Rights Reserved
Page 1 of 1
Comments
4/8/2014 Studio Oculistico d'Azeglio
OSODGanglion Cell OU Analysis: Macular Cube 512x128Signal Strength:
Exam Time:Exam Date:
Technician:Gender:DOB:ID:
Name:
10/10
3:21 PM4/8/2014
Operator, CirrusMale9/23/1994CZMI932317172
Pepe, Marco
5:18 PM
10/10
OD OS
Serial Number: 4000-2487 4000-2487
OS SectorsOD Sectors
OD Horizontal B-Scan OS Horizontal B-Scan
OS Thickness Map
OS Deviation Map
OD Thickness Map
OD Deviation Map
Fovea: 263, 71 Fovea: 252, 69
Doctor's SignatureSW Ver: 6.5.0.772Copyright 2012Carl Zeiss Meditec, IncAll Rights Reserved
Page 1 of 1
Comments
TOXIC
GIORGI NORB
2/20/2015 Studio Oculistico d'Azeglio
OSODGanglion Cell OU Analysis: Macular Cube 512x128Signal Strength:
Exam Time:Exam Date:
Technician:Gender:DOB:ID:
Name:
8/10
6:28 PM2/20/2015
Operator, CirrusFemale7/23/1963CZMI1934393858
Giorgi, Antonella
6:32 PM
7/10
OD OS
Serial Number: 4000-2487 4000-2487
OS SectorsOD Sectors
OD Horizontal B-Scan OS Horizontal B-Scan
OS Thickness Map
OS Deviation Map
OD Thickness Map
OD Deviation Map
Fovea: 251, 63 Fovea: 256, 62
Doctor's SignatureSW Ver: 6.5.0.772Copyright 2012Carl Zeiss Meditec, IncAll Rights Reserved
Page 1 of 1
Comments LHON
6/16/2009 Studio Oculistico d'Azeglio
OSODGanglion Cell OU Analysis: Macular Cube 512x128Signal Strength:
Exam Time:Exam Date:
Technician:Gender:DOB:ID:
Name:
10/10
6:08 AM6/16/2009
Operator, CirrusOther2/12/1949CZMI976061588
Farolfi, Teresa
6:10 AM
7/10
OD OS
Serial Number: 4000-2487 4000-2487
OS SectorsOD Sectors
OD Horizontal B-Scan OS Horizontal B-Scan
OS Thickness Map
OS Deviation Map
OD Thickness Map
OD Deviation Map
Fovea: 260, 65 Fovea: 262, 66
Doctor's SignatureSW Ver: 6.5.0.772Copyright 2012Carl Zeiss Meditec, IncAll Rights Reserved
Page 1 of 1
Comments
Analysis Edited: 6/16/2009 6:20 AM
11/28/2014 CZM
OSODGanglion Cell OU Analysis: Macular Cube 512x128Signal Strength:
Exam Time:Exam Date:
Technician:Gender:DOB:ID:
Name:
6/10
3:34 PM11/28/2014
Operator, CirrusMale8/31/1949CZMI1322759530
Maddalena, Vito
3:34 PM
6/10
OD OS
Serial Number: 4000-1650 4000-1650
OS SectorsOD Sectors
OD Horizontal B-Scan OS Horizontal B-Scan
OS Thickness Map
OS Deviation Map
OD Thickness Map
OD Deviation Map
Fovea: 252, 66 Fovea: 261, 72
Doctor's SignatureSW Ver: 6.5.0.772Copyright 2012Carl Zeiss Meditec, IncAll Rights Reserved
Page 1 of 1
Comments
NAION
controllo glaucoma miopeglauc+mipia
3/18/2014 CZM
OSODONH and RNFL OU Analysis:Optic Disc Cube 200x200Signal Strength:
Exam Time:Exam Date:
Technician:Gender:DOB:ID:
Name:
6/10
11:28 AM3/18/2014
Operator, CirrusFemale2/20/1970CZMI1488857783
palmentola, paola
11:29 AM
7/10
OD OS
Serial Number: 4000-1650 4000-1650
RNFL Circular Tomogram
Extracted Horizontal Tomogram
Extracted Vertical Tomogram Extracted Vertical Tomogram
Extracted Horizontal Tomogram
RNFL Circular Tomogram
RNFL Thickness Map
RNFL Deviation Map
RNFL Thickness Map
RNFL Deviation Map
RNFLQuadrants
RNFLClockHours
Disc Center(-0.03,0.00)mm Disc Center(-0.06,-0.09)mm
Neuro-retinal Rim Thickness
RNFL Thickness
Doctor's SignatureSW Ver: 6.5.0.772Copyright 2012Carl Zeiss Meditec, IncAll Rights Reserved
Page 1 of 1
Comments
3/18/2014 CZM
OSODONH and RNFL OU Analysis:Optic Disc Cube 200x200Signal Strength:
Exam Time:Exam Date:
Technician:Gender:DOB:ID:
Name:
6/10
11:28 AM3/18/2014
Operator, CirrusFemale2/20/1970CZMI1488857783
palmentola, paola
11:29 AM
7/10
OD OS
Serial Number: 4000-1650 4000-1650
RNFL Circular Tomogram
Extracted Horizontal Tomogram
Extracted Vertical Tomogram Extracted Vertical Tomogram
Extracted Horizontal Tomogram
RNFL Circular Tomogram
RNFL Thickness Map
RNFL Deviation Map
RNFL Thickness Map
RNFL Deviation Map
RNFLQuadrants
RNFLClockHours
Disc Center(-0.03,0.00)mm Disc Center(-0.06,-0.09)mm
Neuro-retinal Rim Thickness
RNFL Thickness
Doctor's SignatureSW Ver: 6.5.0.772Copyright 2012Carl Zeiss Meditec, IncAll Rights Reserved
Page 1 of 1
Comments
Compressive optic neuropathy
3/18/2014 CZM
OSODGanglion Cell OU Analysis: Macular Cube 512x128Signal Strength:
Exam Time:Exam Date:
Technician:Gender:DOB:ID:
Name:
7/10
11:27 AM3/18/2014
Operator, CirrusFemale2/20/1970CZMI1488857783
palmentola, paola
11:28 AM
7/10
OD OS
Serial Number: 4000-1650 4000-1650
OS SectorsOD Sectors
OD Horizontal B-Scan OS Horizontal B-Scan
OS Thickness Map
OS Deviation Map
OD Thickness Map
OD Deviation Map
Fovea: 250, 64 Fovea: 253, 66
Doctor's SignatureSW Ver: 6.5.0.772Copyright 2012Carl Zeiss Meditec, IncAll Rights Reserved
Page 1 of 1
Comments
3/18/2014 CZM
OSODONH and RNFL OU Analysis:Optic Disc Cube 200x200Signal Strength:
Exam Time:Exam Date:
Technician:Gender:DOB:ID:
Name:
6/10
11:28 AM3/18/2014
Operator, CirrusFemale2/20/1970CZMI1488857783
palmentola, paola
11:29 AM
7/10
OD OS
Serial Number: 4000-1650 4000-1650
RNFL Circular Tomogram
Extracted Horizontal Tomogram
Extracted Vertical Tomogram Extracted Vertical Tomogram
Extracted Horizontal Tomogram
RNFL Circular Tomogram
RNFL Thickness Map
RNFL Deviation Map
RNFL Thickness Map
RNFL Deviation Map
RNFLQuadrants
RNFLClockHours
Disc Center(-0.03,0.00)mm Disc Center(-0.06,-0.09)mm
Neuro-retinal Rim Thickness
RNFL Thickness
Doctor's SignatureSW Ver: 6.5.0.772Copyright 2012Carl Zeiss Meditec, IncAll Rights Reserved
Page 1 of 1
Comments
3/18/2014 CZM
OSODONH and RNFL OU Analysis:Optic Disc Cube 200x200Signal Strength:
Exam Time:Exam Date:
Technician:Gender:DOB:ID:
Name:
6/10
11:28 AM3/18/2014
Operator, CirrusFemale2/20/1970CZMI1488857783
palmentola, paola
11:29 AM
7/10
OD OS
Serial Number: 4000-1650 4000-1650
RNFL Circular Tomogram
Extracted Horizontal Tomogram
Extracted Vertical Tomogram Extracted Vertical Tomogram
Extracted Horizontal Tomogram
RNFL Circular Tomogram
RNFL Thickness Map
RNFL Deviation Map
RNFL Thickness Map
RNFL Deviation Map
RNFLQuadrants
RNFLClockHours
Disc Center(-0.03,0.00)mm Disc Center(-0.06,-0.09)mm
Neuro-retinal Rim Thickness
RNFL Thickness
Doctor's SignatureSW Ver: 6.5.0.772Copyright 2012Carl Zeiss Meditec, IncAll Rights Reserved
Page 1 of 1
Comments
Compressive optic neuropathy
3/18/2014 CZM
OSODGanglion Cell OU Analysis: Macular Cube 512x128Signal Strength:
Exam Time:Exam Date:
Technician:Gender:DOB:ID:
Name:
7/10
11:27 AM3/18/2014
Operator, CirrusFemale2/20/1970CZMI1488857783
palmentola, paola
11:28 AM
7/10
OD OS
Serial Number: 4000-1650 4000-1650
OS SectorsOD Sectors
OD Horizontal B-Scan OS Horizontal B-Scan
OS Thickness Map
OS Deviation Map
OD Thickness Map
OD Deviation Map
Fovea: 250, 64 Fovea: 253, 66
Doctor's SignatureSW Ver: 6.5.0.772Copyright 2012Carl Zeiss Meditec, IncAll Rights Reserved
Page 1 of 1
Comments
lesione chiasmadifetto bitemporale
fibre nasali macula
lesione chiasmadifetto bitemporale
fibre nasali macula
lesione chiasmadifetto bitemporale
DX
fibre temporali fibre nasali
fibre nasali macula
Tratto ottico
DX
fibre temporali fibre nasali
Tratto ottico
astrocitoma temp, parieto occipitale
lesione occipitale
IOVS 2011
Hyporiflective space between RNFL & RPENAION, papillitis
OCT and optic disc edema
RPE/BM angulation> pression in subarachnoid space67% IHH, 8% NAION, 12% papillitis
OCT and optic disc edema
Swept Source OCT
OCT EDI
OCT Choroid analysis Quantitative OCT angiography
EDI-OCTspectralis
OCT Choroid analysis
Vascular supply in LHON
OCT Choroid analysis
SSADAsplit- spettrum amplitude-decorrelation angiographyultra high speed OCT
reduction of ONH perfusion in MS and glaucoma
Quantitative OCT angiography
Wang x. et al BJO 2014
reduction of ONH perfusion in MS and glaucoma
OCT angiography in LHON
radial peripapillary capillaries reduction
acute stagemicroangiopathy chronic stage
