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counting treesA local project seeks to increase local canopy coverage

Metro, 5anti-plastic crusadeMembers of “Beyond the Bottle” say they have reduced water sales

News, 2bombing the moon?Michael Fitzpatrick ’12 says some misunderstand recent lunar research

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deDaily Heraldthe Brown

vol. cxliv, no. 88 | Tuesday, October 20, 2009 | Serving the community daily since 1891

Fundraising pipeline suffered in last yearby sydney ember

Senior Staff Writer

Though administrators have hailed the University’s most recent fund-raising numbers as a bright spot dur-ing an otherwise gloomy period, the approximately $180 million raised last year was partially attributable to expedited pledges from high-profile donors, according to Ronald Vanden Dorpel MA’71, senior vice president for University advancement.

The University called in many outstanding pledges — structured commitments that sometimes span several years — and ultimately re-duced the number of pledges in the pipeline for this year, he said, though the accelerated gifts provided a boost to the fundraising total for the fiscal year 2009, which ended June 30.

Even with the slightly buoyed numbers, fundraising decreased by about 23 percent from the previ-

ous 12 months, when the University raised approximately $230 million, Vanden Dorpel said.

Before last year’s financial crisis, which crippled the national economy and sheared $740 million from the University’s endowment, Brown’s average annual fundraising haul during the Campaign for Academic Enrichment was about $235 million, Vanden Dorpel said, adding that the diminished returns had reduced that average to $227 million.

“We had a very good year last year, and we weathered the reces-sion,” Vanden Dorpel said. “But we did hit a very strong headwind in raising pledges for next year.”

It is too early to speculate about this year’s expected fundraising to-tal, he said, but some donors are expected to give less this year be-cause they paid out their pledges in advance.

In May, the University surpassed

the Campaign’s goal of $1.4 billion 19 months before its official end point in December 2010, but Vanden Dorpel said he expects the financial climate to again diminish returns this year.

“Our cash may be somewhat down from last year,” he said. “Fundraising is always a lagging indicator.”

But he is confident the goals out-lined by the University for next year will be met despite the economy, he added.

“Our pledges were off last year,” said Beppie Huidekoper, executive vice president for finance and admin-istration. “We’ve got to make sure we keep having pledges.”

Despite the deflated projections, Chancellor Thomas Tisch ’76 said he was impressed with last year’s numbers, adding that he expects

Prodi: economic disparities complicate Italian federalismby dana teppert

Staf f Writer

Former Italian Prime Minister Romano Prodi spoke about the challenges facing his country as it attempts to achieve a more ef-ficient federal structure during a roundtable discussion Monday night in a nearly full Smith-Buo-nanno 106.

After expressing his happiness at returning to Brown after his appointment last year as a profes-sor-at-large based at the Watson Institute for International Studies, Prodi immediately began to talk

about the “deep political problem” of federalism and Italian unity. The debate over how to increase re-gional autonomy is occurring not only in Italy, he said, but in other European countries as well.

The question of federalism in Italy is deeply connected to the problem of economic disparity between the states of the north and the south, he said.

The former leader said he be-lieves federalism is possible but that strict rules must be imple-mented to encourage greater eco-

Justin Coleman / Herald file photoFormer Italian Prime Minister Romano Prodi spoke about the struggle for federalism during a roundtable discussion Monday.

The man behind the ‘voice of wBrU’by Joe milner

Contributing Writer

When Jude Corbett gets ready to read, his voice changes. Like a defensive lineman, it crouches and sneers at his opponent, daring him to make the first move.

“95.5 WBRU,” his voice says. “The soundtrack to that stuff” — a pause punctuates the track — “you do in the shower.”

The edge of Corbett’s voice slides off into the silence of the radio sta-tion’s production room.

Corbett, a professional voice-over artist, is known locally as the “voice of WBRU,” a commercial alternative radio station operated by Brown stu-dents.

Encompassing fields as diverse as station promotions and nature docu-mentaries, voice-over represents a talkative yet rarely talked-about facet

of mass media. Behind the scenes with production teams, voice-over artists help to explain and enhance messages both on the radio and on the screen.

Finding a voiceCorbett found his interest in voice-

over early. As a kid, he liked to mimic the voices he heard on television.

“I didn’t know you could actually do this for a living,” he said.

Later, he joined his college radio program, which ran KCLC, as a part of his mass communications major. After graduating, he worked as a disc jockey and in production at radio sta-tions before landing his first freelance voice-over job in Philadelphia.

“People started liking what I was doing there, and I branched out into

Pittsburgh and Providence,” he said. WBRU was one of Corbett’s first cli-ents.

In radio, voice-over artists play multiple roles. Some, like Corbett, have standing relationships with sta-tions and are hired to record promo-tions and sweepers — segues between songs that provide the station’s call letters and frequency — on a regular basis. Other voice-over artists find work recording commercials for busi-nesses that are played on multiple stations.

According to Ann DeWig, a Phoe-nix-based artist who voices for WPRO in Providence, the trade’s practitioners tend to focus on niches, ranging from quick sound bites to feature-length documentary narration.

“There is crossover,” she said. “It’s just more common to find someone as

R.I. spends less on higher ed, report saysby claire peracchio

Contributing Writer

Rhode Island ranks among the nation’s top spenders in Medicaid and fire protection, while hovering near the bottom for expenditures on higher education, highways and transportation, and parks and recre-ation, according to a report released last week by the Rhode Island Public Expenditure Council.

Using the latest U.S. Census Bureau data, the council, an inde-pendent public policy organization, generated the 2009 state expendi-

ture report, which shows the Ocean State’s long-term spending patterns and compares its expenditures with those of other states.

Medicaid spending was the big-gest red flag in this year’s report, the council’s Executive Director John Simmons said, noting the danger of ballooning health care costs given the state’s economic woes and di-minishing tax base. This report’s findings are in line with those of a recent report from the council that found Rhode Island’s tax burden, fueled by high property taxes, to be 15th highest in the nation.

“There has been a continued climb in the rate of Medicaid spend-ing at the same time as a decline in government revenue,” Simmons said. “This means that there will be less of a capacity for state and local government to respond to challenges in the future.”

Rhode Island’s public welfare vendor payments, which include Medicaid, have more than doubled over the past 10 years and have in-creased at a rate four times faster than the national average, eclipsing

I N A wO R d

Zung Nguyen Vu / HeraldRose Simpson, a RISd graduate student, gave a spoken wordperformance for the Native American Heritage Series’ convocation.

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Feature

sudoku

Stephen DeLucia, PresidentMichael Bechek, Vice President

Jonathan Spector, TreasurerAlexander Hughes, Secretary

The Brown Daily Herald (USPS 067.740) is an independent newspaper serving the Brown University community daily since 1891. It is published Monday through Friday during the academic year, excluding vacations, once during Commence-ment, once during Orientation and once in July by The Brown Daily Herald, Inc. Single copy free for each member of the community. POSTMASTER please send corrections to P.O. Box 2538, Providence, RI 02906. Periodicals postage paid at Providence, R.I. Offices are located at 195 Angell St., Providence, R.I. E-mail herald@browndailyherald.com. World Wide Web: http://www.browndailyherald.com. Subscription prices: $319 one year daily, $139 one semester daily. Copyright 2009 by The Brown Daily Herald, Inc. All rights reserved.

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TuESdAy, OCTOBER 20, 2009THE BROwN dAILy HERALdPAgE 2

CamPUS newS “Rhode Island water is very good.”— Jason Harris ’10 of Beyond the Bottle, a student group

Drink it up — but not from bottlesby Jessie laFargue

Contributing Writer

Beyond the Bottle, a student group founded last spring, has helped re-duce the use of bottled water on campus and has high hopes for its conservation projects, according to the group’s organizers.

Brown Dining Services told the group that it observed a 35 to 40 percent drop in water bottle sales at the end of the spring se-mester, said group member Jason Harris ’10.

The group aims to reduce and ultimately eliminate the consump-tion of bottled water on campus, said group leader Ari Rubenstein ’11, because its members believe that bottled water “gets an F” on at least four criteria: “health, economics, environmental and social.”

To illustrate, Harris said, bot-tled water is tested less rigorously than tap water, costs more and wastes a lot of plastic.

Helping the environment can often be expensive, Harris said, but avoiding bottled water

is free.“It seems so wasteful to buy

bottled water,” he said. “Rhode Island water is very good.”

The group’s first big push came in the form of a “pilot phase” at Josiah’s in April.

In collaboration with Jo’s man-agers, the group made informa-tion available in Little Jo’s and sold more than 300 reusable metal water bottles for five flex points each.

That project “went really well,” Rubenstein said. “We were all pretty pleased.”

The University has responded positively to Beyond the Bottle’s efforts thus far, Rubenstein add-ed. “Dining services last semester was really great,” he said.

The group is preparing to present information about bottled water on campus to the Brown University Community Council next month. It also plans to hold taste tests, host a movie screening and recruit students to pledge not to buy bottled water.

The group is also examining the availability of tap water in ma-

jor buildings on campus. Over the course of the next

year, group members hope to encourage the University to give students more — and more vis-ible — places to fill water bottles with tap water across campus, Rubenstein said.

The group is optimistic it can make big strides, Harris said.

To aid the group’s efforts, stu-dents can buy a reusable water bottle and seek to educate their friends who regularly purchase bottled water, Harris said.

“We need people to individu-ally have that collective conscious-ness,” he said.

The elimination of bottled water is an attainable goal, both Rubenstein and Harris said. A few universities have completely stopped selling bottled water on campus, they said, such as Wash-ington University in St. Louis. The group hopes Brown will soon fol-low suit.

Brown has “a real opportunity to be one of the first Ivy League universities to take the step,” Rubenstein said.

Kim Perley / HeraldMembers of Beyond the Bottle have been working since last spring to reduce bottled water usage at Brown.

nomic equality between the north and the south. Though the Lega Nord, or “Northern League,” party, which largely represents regional interests, is vital for the Italian government, the country would collapse without the sup-port of the south, Prodi said.

“Instead of telling stories or dreams about federalism, I want to be realistic,” he said. “It is im-possible to have sound federalism without (a) flow of funds from rich regions to poor regions.”

The discussion also featured Professor of Italian Studies Mas-simo Riva and Provost David Kertzer ’69 P’95 P’98, who is also

a professor of anthropology and Italian studies.

Riva began the event by briefly situating the question of federal-ism within the context of Italy’s history, particularly the formation of Italy as a nation in the 19th century. He cited the economic, cultural and social disparities be-tween the northern and southern parts of Italy as an important as-pect of the current debate about federalism.

Kertzer noted the central po-sition that Prodi has occupied in Italian politics in the last few decades. Prodi served twice as prime minister of Italy and also served as president of the Eu-ropean Commission. He is the

current head of a joint United Na-tions panel established to investi-gate peacekeeping in Africa.

Kertzer commented on the considerable differences between Prodi and Italy’s current prime minister, the embattled Silvio Ber-lusconi. He joked that his rival Berlusconi would probably not be asked to teach at Brown.

Prodi said he hopes one day Italians and Europeans will grow up with federalism and, like Americans, be born as federal-ists, but added that such a reality is a long way off.

The event, sponsored by the Department of Italian Studies, was part of the Graduate Collo-quium series for 2009-2010.

Former Italian Pm talks federalism, unitycontinued from page 1

the University to continue to weather the economic storm.

“I am assured that the initiatives and plans for the University are deep-ly engaging to the people who are at Brown,” Tisch said. “That’s the most exciting thing of all.”

Though across-the-board fundrais-ing may be taking a hit, the University has raised its goals for two fundrais-ing initiatives. A campaign to raise money for financial aid — initially launched to generate $300 million — was increased to $400 million last October, and this year’s goal for the Brown Annual Fund was increased to $36 million from last year’s goal of $35 million.

Of the initial $300 million target for financial aid, $292 million has al-ready been procured, said Richard Barker ’57 P’03 P’05, who is spear-heading the financial aid campaign. He is confident the University will meet the enlarged goal, he said, even though the original goal is still techni-cally unrealized.

“We have some work to do, but we also have some time,” Barker said.

In addition to a better economic climate — which Barker said would foster an influx of donations to his campaign — the University is also planning a number of campaign din-ners and events for potential donors, he said.

For example, Barker said, Presi-dent Ruth Simmons will speak at an “all-constituents gathering” in San Francisco this week to tout the cam-paign. Simmons will also make ap-pearances in Seattle, Houston, Dallas,

Boston and India in the next year, he said.

Using these events as the driv-ing force behind the increased cam-paign target, Barker said he hopes to tap into the passion donors felt last October, when the new goal was announced. And given the economic situation, Barker said it is increasing-ly necessary to support the students most affected by hard times.

“It’s imperative,” he said. “It’s ab-solutely crucial to the mission of the University.”

As for the Annual Fund — the University’s general fundraising campaign for small donors, which supports its operating budget — this year’s goal was increased to $36 million from nearly 33,000 donors, said Joan Sorensen ’72 P’06 P’06, a member of the Corporation’s board of trustees and one of the Annual Fund’s chairs.

Last year, the Fund raised $35 million from 31,276 donors, though the goal had been to procure dona-tions from 34,000 donors, she said. The total represented a 0.3 percent decrease in dollars from the previ-ous year, she said, and a 6.6 percent decrease in donors.

Despite the downward trend, So-rensen said leaders behind the an-nual campaign are actively striving to meet the new goal through more targeted solicitations. She said the University is specifically looking to reunion groups for increased par-ticipation.

“We’re going to try the same things” to secure funds, Sorensen said. “But we’re going to be a little more aggressive this year.”

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Budget suffers consequence of early pledge receipts

CamPUS newSTuESdAy, OCTOBER 20, 2009 THE BROwN dAILy HERALd PAgE 3

“we always get fired from every single job we’ve ever done.”— Ann dewig, a voice-over artist, on the instability of freelancing

an expert in a certain field.” Both Corbett and DeWig have ex-

plored beyond radio’s bounds. Both have voiced TV commercials — Cor-bett usually does ads for Budweiser during the NCAA basketball tourna-ment, and DeWig is working on ads for Johnson and Johnson. Corbett also voices most of HBO’s “First Look” segments, while DeWig worked on NBC’s promotions for the Super Bowl last winter.

Though she said she feels proud of her high-profile work, DeWig estab-lished the instability of freelancing.

“We always get fired from every single job we’ve ever done,” she said.

DeWig said she is interested in narrating documentaries. Because narrations run considerably longer than television or radio spots, the artist has the opportunity to experiment and make the piece his or her own.

“You can seat yourself into a story,” she said.

Corbett has narrated television programs, but he said he still likes radio because he has the most experi-ence in it. He has developed several delivery styles for radio, and he enjoys applying them to stations’ scripts.

in the production roomWhen Corbett works with WBRU,

voice-over follows a set process that begins when the station sends him copy for a promotion or a sweeper. Corbett records a read at his studio in Chicago, saves it as an MP3 file and uploads it for the station.

The sweepers and promos voiced by Corbett contribute toward building an audio identity that listeners identify with the station — the voice of WBRU. His voice introduces shows, songs and bands throughout the day.

“When listeners hear Jude doing a promo, they think, ‘Oh, that’s BRU,’” said Diana Wollach ’10, production director at WBRU.

While Corbett forms the main fo-cus of each voice-over track, Wollach said the production team manipulates the track in a variety of ways. Sound

effects and music “beds” — tracks that play under the voice — enhance Corbett’s recording. In some cases, the casual listener will not even notice the changes.

“We actually take out all the breaths in between sentences,” Wol-lach said.

“A promotion typically takes me two hours to do,” she added.

While the immediate purpose of production is to create an engaging sweeper or promo, Wollach said the work more intimately acquaints her and her team members with music. This heightened sensitivity to audio tracks not only serves to maintain WBRU’s own standards but also helps production team members in the post-collegiate world in any industry that requires sound editing.

“You really get a feel for music and sound and beats,” Wollach said.

WBRU’s commercial production group creates commercials in-house for some businesses that adver-tise with WBRU, giving students an opportunity to try voice-over themselves.

“We have some people who are really, really into voicing and crank out these amazing voices,” Wollach said.

learning to speakFor his part, Corbett said he en-

courages students to try voice-over, even if they do not know how their voices will sound on air.

“The more unique your voice, the more successful you’ll probably be,” he said.

DeWig said all successful voice-over artists share one trait in common: confidence. Both artists agreed that training in acting helps create and deliver a voice.

“If you can do some acting, take some improvisation classes, that teaches you to be more flexible,” Corbett said.

And reflecting on the various sub-jects he voices, Corbett added one final piece of advice to aspiring artists searching for confidence. “Know what you’re talking about. Even if you don’t know what you’re talking about.”

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Finding your ‘voice:’ act,improvise, be confident

U. funds ‘real Food’ dining optionsby goda thangada

Contributing Writer

The Brown chapter of the Real Food Challenge, a national campaign to bring more local and organic food to university dining halls, obtained $25,000 from President Ruth Sim-mons’ discretionary fund for a two-year pilot project and created four paid student positions within Dining Services. The students will research sustainable dining options and help determine how the $25,000 will be spent.

Real Food will soon begin work-ing with BDS to hire students for the positions, said Andrea Gaines ’10, a

Real Food group member. The group presented its goals to

the Brown University Community Council in November 2008. The group asked the University to create eight paid student jobs in BDS and to allocate $2 million to sustainable food over five years.

“Our goals are twofold,” said Da-vid Schwartz ’09, a member of both the Brown chapter and the national committee of Real Food.

“We want to capitalize on success from last year and work with BDS to make dramatic changes to sup-port farmers and workers and use dining dollars to promote a healthy, sustainable environment.”

“This embodies the merging of Community Harvest and the Real Food Challenge,” said Schwartz, referring to BDS’s own local food initiative, founded in 2002, which makes local food available at student dining halls and facilitates the Farm-ers’ Market on Wriston Quad.

“This is not only a source of economic development for Rhode Island, it’s a great learning oppor-tunity for students,” Schwartz said. “There is a lot to do, whether it’s research, designing new menus or ensuring fair labor standards are implemented. We invite everyone

Herald File PhotoAdvocates of “real food” advertised their cause at a Brown university Community Council meeting last year.

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“The proportion of sustainable food is still relatively low.”— Andrea gaines ’10, of Real Food Challenge, on dining options at Brown

JrotC survives, thrives at hopeBy AliciA DAng

Staff Writer

Hope High School’s Junior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps — the only elective course that has sur-vived from the school’s now-defunct Leadership academy — remains as popular as ever among students.

In 2005, the Rhode Island De-partment of Education took con-trol of the underperforming high school and divided it into three separate “learning communities” — Leadership, Arts and Informa-tion Technology. As of this year, the Leadership community’s students and faculty have been merged into the other two.

The school, which now offers eight JROTC classes with a total of 157 students, is the only high school in Providence and one of 1,650 high schools nationwide to offer the program, said Lieutenant Colonel Raoul Archambault, senior instructor of JROTC at Hope.

The level of enrollment has “always been about the same,” Archambault said, adding that it

fluctuates between 130 and 180. JROTC is “open to all students, regardless of physical abilities or sexual orientation,” Archambault said.

The course offers a sequence of military training programs that aims to develop six core abilities — the capacity for life-long learning, communication skills, responsibil-ity for individual actions and choic-es, good citizenship, self-respect and critical thinking, according to the program’s brochure.

The students also have the op-portunity to participate in public demonstrations, interscholastic competitions, summer camps and community service activities. Outside of class, students, who take JROTC as one of their eight courses, can participate in the color guard and other drill teams. Each team has student commanders, while Archambault supervises the organization, participation and per-formance, he said.

While students are thankful that the program survives, at least one misses the old structure. With

the elimination of the Leadership School, “the classes are much more packed,” said Kayle Zarzu-ela, a Hope sophomore who moved to the Information Technology community from the Leadership School.

Though the JROTC program was open to students from the oth-er schools earlier, the majority of participants were from Leadership, Zarzuela said. Now that there is a mix of students from two communi-ties in JROTC classes, “there are now a lot of altercations, yelling and screaming,” she said.

But Archambault said the change of school “doesn’t really affect” JROTC.

“Before it was open to three communities, now it’s open to two,” he added. “It doesn’t make any difference.”

Some students agreed that they were not greatly affected by the new structure.

“It doesn’t matter to me, as long as this program stays here,” said Neki Fernandez, a sophomore and JROTC rifle commander.

Kim Perley/ HeraldHope High School students are thankful the JROTC program survives despite other structural changes.

the spending of neighboring states such as Connecticut and Massachu-setts.

Earlier this year the state was approved for the Medicaid Global Waiver, an agreement that caps fed-eral funding in exchange for greater state authority in shaping health care policy.

But the waiver still assumes that Medicaid spending will continue to grow as a portion of the state budget. The restructuring of the state health care system needed to curb costs won’t be realized for at least another two years, Simmons said.

Besides Medicaid, other high state outlays included fire protection and elementary and secondary school education.

Rhode Island ranks first in the na-tion in fire department expenditures, a finding that the council’s policy an-alyst, Ashley Denault, attributed to “some level of redundancy” caused by many small municipalities maintain-ing autonomous stations as well as the fact that Rhode Island is a highly urban state.

With fire protection spending coming in at almost double the na-tional average, local leaders such as North Providence Mayor Charles Lombardi are looking for ways to cut down costs.

Lombardi has proposed greater “regionalization,” which would entail an increased collaboration with neigh-boring fire departments in Johnston and Pawtucket and a reduction in personnel, said Lombardi’s chief of staff, Richard Fossa.

Elementary and secondary educa-tion is the largest portion of the state’s expenditure, putting Rhode Island in the same range as its regional peers and above the national average, ac-cording to the report. When com-bined with Medicaid spending, the two categories make up almost half of state expenditures.

Though Rhode Island has tradi-tionally spent at high rates on elemen-tary and secondary education, it is the only state without a formula to allocate funds to schools.

A bill approved in June by the state Senate would establish a fund-ing formula that takes into account student enrollment, the respective abilities of communities to fund their schools and the need to funnel ad-ditional resources to the neediest students, said Simmons, one of the bill’s authors. House action on the legislation is pending.

But spending on higher educa-tion lags in comparison, making up roughly a quarter of all education spending, and is significantly be-low the national average. Still, it is higher than that of Connecticut and Massachusetts.

The governor’s office is taking the report’s numbers in stride.

All states are struggling to find cost savings and ways to achieve these savings are constantly being monitored, said Amy Kempe, spokes-person for Gov. Donald Carcieri ’65.

“The information contained in (the council’s) report is nothing new,” Kempe said. “The issues touched on by the report continue to be ad-dressed by the governor.”

rhody health, education spending more than half of state budget

continued from page 1

to get involved.” Real Food members supported

dining workers during negotiations last week. “We want to see food dealt with in a comprehensive way, with all the pieces of justice,” Gaines said. According to the national Real Food campaign — which assesses food for four qualities, “local, fair, ecologically sound and humane” — a variety of factors determine the sustainability of food.

Four student groups — the Sus-tainable Food Initiative, emPOWER, the Student Labor Alliance and Students for a Democratic Society — collaborate on the initiative at Brown.

Gaines said she hopes the group can extend beyond Brown and im-

prove local food accessibility. “Parts of Providence are a food desert,” she said.

BDS recently received an A- for overall sustainability and an A for “food and recycling” from the College Sustainability Report Card 2010. According to the report, BDS

spends $150,000 on locally grown food and $58,000 on organic food out of a total annual food budget of $6.2 million.

BDS “is thinking about these things, but the proportion of sus-tainable food is still relatively low,” Gaines said.

Other Real Food Challenge par-ticipants include Yale, Cornell, John-son and Wales University and the

Rhode Island School of Design.Real Food members said they

are looking to other schools as mod-els for sustainable dining. Yale, for example, maintains a dining hall that exclusively serves regional food, and the University of California sys-tem has set a goal of reaching 20 percent sustainable food by 2020.

Schwartz said he hopes 20 per-cent of Brown’s food budget will be dedicated to sustainable food.

Schwartz said there was much more in the proposal created by the Real Food Challenge last year and that his team will continue to work on the university’s commitment to sustainable food.

“We will be evaluating all the way, updating Ruth Simmons and the community on our progress,” he said.

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campus news

real Food group thinks sustainable

no need for binders as library digitizes documentsby samer muallem

Contriuting Writer

The Center for Digital Initiatives is preparing to launch the Brown Digital Repository, an online data-base to allow faculty members to easily and safely store thousands of documents — and share them with their students and colleagues.

The ser vice, which aims to make faculty research and teach-ing materials more accessible in the present as well as preserve them for posterity, could be op-erational as soon as next semester, according to Patrick Yott, head of the library’s digital services de-partment and the Center for Digital Initiatives.

Though many universities offer similar databases, library officials have delayed implementing one at Brown in order to take advantage of a program that only recently became available. Many digital re-positories, such as the Massachu-setts Institute of Technology’s, use a program called DSpace, which Yott said is less flexible. The new

program, Fedora, improves on older repository software.

“We were waiting for some of the technologies to mature,” Yott said. “We just waited to do it the way we wanted to do it.”

Fedora will allow programmers at the University to augment the basic software, letting them tai-lor the repository to better suit Brown’s specific purposes, Yott said.

The repository will allow us-ers to upload faculty papers, re-search data, electronic disserta-tions, teaching materials and other files.

One feature of the Fedora plat-form allows files to be updated into newer formats should old ones become obsolete, preserv-ing the documents for generations to come.

“Ideally, we’d love to start the service by spring 2010,” Yott said. The first phase of programming is nearly complete, and several de-partments will get access to a trial version of the repository within the next month, he added.

TuESdAy, OCTOBER 20, 2009THE BROwN dAILy HERALdPAgE 5

metroturning over a new leaf with trees 2020by mitra anoushiravani

Senior Staff Writer

Providence is getting greener. Trees 2020, a local nonprofit

st arted about a year and a half ago, has been working toward a goal to increase the city’s average tree canopy to 30 percent — an increase of about 40,000 trees — by 2020 by encouraging individuals and companies to plant trees on private property, said Ray Perreault, one of the group’s directors. The program sells trees at a subsidized price and gives free consultations to potential tree-planters to determine the ap-propriate species for the specific plot of land.

“I envision a way for Trees 2020 to be a community-building exer-cise,” Perreault said. “I want the program to also educate people so that they can do plantings in a group.”

The capital city on the whole has 23 percent urban tree canopy coverage, according to statistics formulated using assessments by the University of Vermont at Bur-lington, along with the Maryland Department of Natural Resources and the U.S. Department of Ag-riculture’s Forest Service. Tree canopy coverage depends on the

distance that a tree’s branches ex-tend outward, as well as the height of the tree, since taller trees cast longer shadows and provide more shade.

The assessment of Providence shows that the Washington Park neighborhood, in the southeastern corner of the city, only has 5.9 per-cent tree canopy — the lowest of all the neighborhoods — whereas College Hill and Wayland Square both have tree canopy coverage of 30 percent or more. The Blackstone neighborhood, which encompasses Swan Point Cemetery, the Black-stone jogging path and Blackstone park, has a tree canopy coverage of 40.1 percent — the highest of any Providence neighborhood.

So far, Trees 2020 has been in-volved in planting 1,744 trees in Providence, Perreault said. The program offers about 30 varieties of trees to meet many different spatial needs and preferences. An emphasis is placed on planting large trees that will produce the largest tree canopy, but the program is also concerned with making sure residents continue to care for their trees in the future, Perreault said.

The 2006 Providence Tree Tally, a report documenting the health of all street trees, prepared by City

Forester Douglas Still, estimated that the trees provide $2,932,731 in benefits annually — which comes to $118.23 for each of the city’s 24,999 street trees. Natural gas and electricity cost savings make up $1,228,660 of the total and an increase in property values adds roughly the same amount.

If trees on private property were included in the tally, the total value would be even greater, Perreault said. Trees 2020 focuses on planting trees on private property because the size of street trees is limited by underground electrical, gas and water infrastructure, he said.

Like most cities in the United States, Providence was once much more densely forested than it is today, according to Perreault. Many of the elms that lined the streets of the city were killed off by Dutch elm disease. The city replaced these trees with Norwegian maples that are now coming to the end of their lives. Perreault said he would like a new generation of indigenous elm trees planted around the city to help return Providence to its former glory.

But he said he is wary of cre-ating a monoculture of elms that could be susceptible to a possible disease in the future and is trying

to diversify the species that are planted through the program.

Trees 2020 is funded by the Helen Walker Raleigh Tree Care

Trust of The Rhode Island Foun-dation, as well as through grants and individual contributions, Per-reault said.

Max Monn / Herald40,000 new trees would increase Providence’s tree canopy 30 percent — the goal set by Trees 2020, a local nonprofit.

morning mail’s got nothing on herald mail.browndailyherald.com/register

browse, buy, sell.

Craig doesn’t have the only list in this town.

well, we’ll leave the erotic escorts to him.

editorial & LettersPage 6 | TuESdAy, OCTOBER 20, 2009

The Brown daily Herald

F R A N N Y C H O I

transparency and the endowment

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letter to the editor

editorial

Brown made the grade for the second consecutive year, scoring an A-minus on the College Sustainability Report, an assessment of environmental practices at hundreds of colleges. Brown’s grade was set back slightly by the B’s it received in two categories: Admin-istration and Endowment Transparency. Regarding the endowment grade, we would settle for an S.

The endowment’s asset allocation — the percent of assets invested in private equity, fixed income securi-ties and other categories — is already available to the public on the Investment Office’s Web site. Brown’s specific holdings (the list of stocks and other assets owned by the University) are restricted to members of the Corporation and senior administrators. This system has its pros and cons. On the plus side, it pre-vents students, who often know little or nothing about investing, from weighing in on how Brown should maximize returns on its $2 billion fund. On the other hand, it keeps students from criticizing the University’s investments in bad companies.

We’re inclined to say that more transparency is undesirable. By any measure, Brown is cognizant of the ethical implications of its investments. Donors with ethical qualms can contribute to the “Social Choice Fund,” which is invested exclusively in environmentally responsible companies (although the $25,000 minimum contribution should be lowered) and the Advisory Committee on Corporate Responsibility in Investment Policies advises Investment Office employees on the University’s vote as a shareholder in other corpora-tions and funds.

We believe the endowment is transparent enough, but other policies surrounding the Investment Office should be made clearer. We would like to see more information about compensation for the endowment’s

managers made publicly available, as Investment Office personnel rank among Brown’s highest paid employees. In an interview with the Board, Beppie Huidekoper, executive vice president for finance and administra-tion, said the Corporation determines compensation for Investment Office employees based on a variety of factors, including salaries for investment profes-sionals at other universities and nonprofits and the endowment’s performance relative to other funds. The Brown community deserves to know how those criteria are applied.

Investment officials’ incentives are determined, in large part, by how they are compensated. According to Huidekoper, the Investment Office’s top earners receive a substantial portion of their pay in deferred compensation that is tied to the endowment’s perfor-mance over a period of three to five years. Deferred compensation gives the University an opportunity to penalize bad investors (employees who lose their jobs do not receive it), and gives employees with a good track record an incentive to stay at Brown.

We believe the University should defer compen-sation for its investment professionals over a longer timeframe and increase the proportion of compensa-tion that is deferred. Of course, Brown has to remain competitive with other institutions in order to attract top talent, and the University should pay Investment Office employees more in order to offset the larger risk. By deferring compensation, and thereby paying employees in proportion to the endowment’s perfor-mance, Brown would ensure that its employees always make long-run growth their top priority.

Editorials are written by The Herald’s editorial page board. Send comments to editorials@browndailyherald.com.

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Columbus Day protestor showed hypocrisyto the editor:

As a member of the Undergradu-ate Council of Students last year, I was present as Jerry Wolf Duff Sellers ’09 came before that body to advocate changing the University’s recognition of Columbus Day, on the basis that it memorializes racial injustice and perpetuates harmful historical inaccuracies. For Duff Sell-ers, however, putting an end to un-fair or inaccurate characterizations apparently stops with Columbus Day. I was outraged to read that Duff Sellers was perfectly content to pro-test the holiday last Monday beside the statue of a caricatured Italian chef, with a sign reading “Columbus spilled BABIES (sic) BLOOD like I spill tomato sauce” (“Rally against ‘Fall Weekend’ takes on U.’s name change,” Oct. 13).

As an Italian-American and a member of the Brown community, I was offended by this display of in-sensitivity and arrogance. But what angered me even more was the un-mitigated hypocrisy it demonstrates. You can argue what you please re-garding Columbus Day and its rec-ognition at Brown; there are valid and respectable opinions on both sides of this issue. What I do not respect, however, is Duff Sellers’s willingness to vehemently argue that the holiday must end because of the harm it does to certain racial or eth-nic groups, only to turn around and promote caricatures and stereotypes of another such group.

Jerry cedrone ’11Oct. 15

correction

An article in Monday’s paper (“Marketing firm brings big bucks for Brown athletics,” Oct. 19) incorrectly stated that Nelligan Sports Marketing recently signed a contract with Harvard University. In fact, Harvard is not under contract with the company.

letters, please!Thanks in advance.letters@browndailyherald.com

TuESdAy, OCTOBER 20, 2009 | PAgE 7

opinionsThe Brown daily Herald

Last week, five Norwegians convened in Oslo to decide which of their distinguished nominees deserved to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

As you no doubt have heard from the blitz-krieg of national news, President Obama is this year’s recipient.

Just hours after his selection, critics from the left and the right assembled as well — though not to heap praise. Rather, they con-vened to hurl rebukes aplenty at the eccentric Nobel Committee.

The Scandinavians fired back that the prize was meant to enhance Obama’s efforts in international diplomacy, an agenda that includes the sizable task of reducing nuclear proliferation globally as well as ending our intervention in Mesopotamia.

I myself take slight issue with Nobel Com-mittee Chairman Thorbjorn Jagland’s reason-ing that they “are not awarding the prize for what may happen in the future, but for what he has done in the previous year.” Pundits are partially correct in chiding this justification, especially considering Obama was nominated for the prize just two weeks into his tenure. So far, Obama has done little more than buoy centrist policies abroad.

Let’s check the foreign policy scorecard: His speech in Cairo made a splash, but he must adopt further hard policy in countries with anti-Western feelings before real ideo-

logical change can occur. He was right to urge Israeli leaders to freeze settlements, but further support for the disastrously debilitated population of Palestine is essential. And little can be said about Obama’s support of the Iranian democratic revolution, mostly because he has said nothing.

Compound these dilemmas with an ailing global economy and you will start to under-stand the titanic job our 44th president has in front of him. Such a hefty burden, then, is why I must support the Committee’s decision. Obama needs the symbolic power bestowed by this prize now more than ever.

He seems to understand this responsi-bility. In his acceptance speech, he viewed the accolade as “an affirmation of American leadership on behalf of aspirations held by people in all nations.”

Though it was surprising, let us not dis-miss this honor so immediately. In 2008, the American public gave Obama our mandate to rule. Earlier this month, the international com-munity emblematically extended its mandate as well. The Nobel will serve as a calibrator, a metric by which Obama will be judged. From this point on, he will enter foreign nations as a statesmen and a peacemaker. It is his title

to sully. Admonishment of this selection should be

directed at the committee itself, not at Obama. Conservative pundits like Limbaugh who will use this award to denounce Obama as a social-ist radical or Taliban sympathizer should be met with the harshest castigation.

But while it is easy to give in to this over-whelming stricture (if not for agreement, at least for comfort), bear in mind that Obama will be confronting this censorious chorus as well. Some have stated correctly that Obama does not meet the standard outlined by Alfred Nobel. The official standard states that the

Peace Prize be awarded to the individual that “shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity among nations.” The “shall have” part of that statement is difficult to avoid.

Dominic Mhiripiri ’12 wrote in Friday’s column (“Of Obama, Tsvangirai and a Nobel war,” Oct. 16) that Obama didn’t deserve the comparison to past laureates like Mother Te-resa — an individual who seldom preached ‘peace,’ and declared to the world during her Nobel speech that ‘abortion’ was the ‘great-est enemy of peace.’ I hope it isn’t too brash of me to imagine that Obama could do better than this.

Yes, Obama’s current record is generally unremarkable. But, in an attempt to qualify such cold cynicism, I must say that Obama has done something no other political figure in recent history has been able to do — he refused the maxim, especially salient in the last eight years, that one should not “negotiate with terrorists.”

On the campaign trail, Obama was asked repeatedly whether diplomatic engagement with the likes of Iran, Syria and Venezuela was advisable. He responded that refusal to talk to these nations in order to punish was simply “ridiculous.” Obama is right to reproach this archaic and destructive vision of diplomacy promulgated by war criminals like Henry Kissinger. This mentality has been respon-sible for creating international quagmires in the Middle East and Latin America that still persist today.

We stand at a critical juncture in interna-tional politics. Malevolent forces abound from North Korea to Iran to Libya to sub-Saharan Africa. Be it hard or soft, literal or symbolic, Obama needs all the ammunition he can ob-tain.

I applaud the Norwegian committee for their intrepid, albeit unexpected, selection. Obama’s presidency is moving this country decidedly and unabashedly towards a long-awaited diplomatic reorientation. Thus, I sug-gest we stop all of this petulant condemnation and move with it.

anthony Badami ’11 is a political theory concentrator from Kansas city, mo.

He can be reached at anthony_badami@brown.edu.

nobel obama and his ignoble opposition

On Oct. 9 at 7:31 a.m. EDT, the world wit-nessed a momentous occasion: NASA’s Lu-nar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) fired two large projectiles into one of the moon’s polar craters to study the composition of the lunar surface.

The lunar impact was hailed as a huge success in the scientific community. The most significant discovery by far has been the existence of water molecules that were kicked up with the debris from the crash. This finding has been deemed crucial to the continued exploration of the solar system as astronauts could mine the abundance of lunar water as a source of rocket fuel.

News of the impact has not been entirely well-received across the globe. Several na-tions have shown a great concern for the United States’ apparent “bombing” of the moon, citing a fear of violent retaliation from any potential lunar inhabitants. A United Na-tions committee is prepared to engage the moon men in peaceful negotiations, but the whereabouts of a Lunar Embassy on Earth are largely unknown.

The moon bombing has also incited moral outrage among various polytheistic and earth-based religions, many of whom believe that the moon goddess or other celestial spirits will be greatly angered by NASA’s activities. “We (moon-worshippers) have been making ritual sacrifices to Selene and praying for her

forgiveness,” said one such follower, who wished to remain anonymous.

America’s heartland shares a different per-spective on the negative consequences of the lunar impact. “The moon bombing is the lat-est in a long line of violent offenses that man has made against God’s beautiful creation,” said an angry pastor from Landover, Iowa. “These so-called ‘scientists’ are overstepping the boundaries that the good Lord has set for them. First they created an atomic bomb. Then they invented greenhouse gases. Then came the cloning, the stem cell research, the genetically engineered tomatoes … and now

this? Sweet merciful Jesus, they’re playing God with their moon bombs, and we’ve got to stop them!”

At Brown, the general student body was sharply divided over the issue, which eclipsed other dinner-table discussions about the econ-omy, midterm exams and the controversial decision of the Nobel Prize committee to award the 2009 Nobel Peace prize to Presi-dent Barack Obama.

Supporters of the LCROSS impacts largely cited the scientific merits of the project, in-cluding the chance discovery of water on the

moon. “Finding water on the moon is just so amazing,” said one enthusiastic freshman. “The environment is becoming so polluted nowadays, it’s comforting to know that there’s still potable water in the solar system. Just don’t let the bottled water companies get to it first.”

Others saw the lunar impact as a revival of the old doctrine of Manifest Destiny, thinking that the United States has a divine mandate to colonize the moon. “Just as Christianity was important in the founding of the United States, so shall it be important in the founding of the first Lunar Colony,” said a particularly

fanatical senior. “The Moon Men know not Christianity, and thus lack the bedrock to construct a great United States of the Moon. The LCROSS project has been their saving grace.”

On the other side of the fence, many stu-dents fear that the moon bombing is going to be the start of a long, unjustified war against the lunar inhabitants. “We’re all for peace and love, dude!” shouted a raucous hippie. “Don’t let the Man start another war, dude! Bomb exams, not moon-people!”

A more serious junior remarked, “I’m defi-

nitely against this moon-bombing business. I think it represents the hegemony of Western culture and its oppressive geocentric views. We should embrace the ethnic diversity of the moon and come to a mutual understanding with them through intellectual discourse. By bombing them, we are perpetuating a wave of neo-imperialism that dictated much of our international relations during the Bush administration.”

Rumors have already begun to spread throughout campus that human-rights groups are planning to launch various campaigns for the fair treatment of the indigenous peoples of the moon. One such campaign, the Lunar Liberation Project, is planning several exhi-bitions throughout the course of the year urging students to demand the welfare of the lunar inhabitants by refusing to eat them. Various pro-lunar peace student groups are gathering support, but it is currently unclear if any existing organizations are planning to protest the LCROSS project. Students for a Democratic Society could not be reached for comment.

Fortunately, the burden of diplomacy falls on the shoulders of our most beloved leader, Obama. When asked if the Nobel laureate would facilitate peace talks with the moon men, he responded, “Look, I received a Nobel Prize for world peace — not cosmic peace. I fear that peace accords may be years in the making, but I promise that my 2012 platform will be strongly pro-moon.”

michael Fitzpatrick ’12 hates geocentric oppression, neo-imperialism, and scien-tific illiteracy. He can be contacted at mi-

chael_fitzpatrick@brown.edu

how I learned to stop worrying and love the moon bomb

Around the world, several nations have shown a great concern for the united States’ apparent ‘bombing’ of the moon, citing a fear of violent retaliation from any potential lunar inhabitants.

Malevolent forces abound from North Korea to Iran to Libya to sub-Saharan Africa. Be it hard

or soft, literal or symbolic, Obama needs all the ammunition he can obtain.

ANTHONy BAdAMI

opinions coluMnist

MICHAEL FITZPATRICK

opinions coluMnist

tuesday, october 20, 2009 page 8

Today 57

2020 words about trees

Bombing the moon? why not.

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today, october 20

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ents “Monsoon wedding,” Carmichael

Auditorium

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Interracial dating Forum, Salomon

101

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phony Concert, grant Recital Hall

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sharpe reFectory

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Stuffed Acorn Squash, Couscous

dinner — Curry Chicken with Coco-

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verney-woolley dining hall

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Roll, Vegetarian Pot Pie, Spinach

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