ODISHA THERMAL POWER CORPORATION LTDenvironmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Online/EDS/0_0_13_Feb_2019... · ODISHA THERMAL POWER CORPORATION LTD EIA/ EMP studies for 2400 MW (3

ODISHA THERMAL POWER CORPORATION LTD EIA/ EMP studies for 2400 MW (3 X 800MW) Thermal Power Plant near Kamakhyanagar

Dist. Dhenkanal, Odisha

ADDITIONAL DETAILS SOUGHT BY EAC Page 1

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ADDITIONAL DETAILS SOUGHT BY EAC

The proposal for Environmental Clearance for 3x800 MW Super-Critical TPP at village Annupurna Khamar, Taluk Kamakhyanagar, Dhenkenal Distt., Odisha by M/s. Odisha Thermal Power Corporation Ltd was considered in the 6th meeting of the re-constituted Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Thermal Power Projects held on 29th May, 2017 in the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Indira Paryavaran Bhawan, New Delhi. After detailed deliberation, the EAC deferred the project and sought some additional information in the form of ADS. The replies to the ADS were submitted and the proposal was reconsidered in the 14th meeting of the re-constituted Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Thermal Power Projects held on 12th January, 2018. The proposal was deferred by EAC for want of following additional information-

1. Water sustainability studies to be conducted for determining the demand of instream users and environmental flow. The study should clearly bring out the impacts on the downstream users and instream biota due to the water drawal for the proposed project.

2. Wildlife Management Plan be vetted by the Chief Wildlife Warden and a copy of the plan shall be submitted to the Ministry.

3. Prediction of Air quality impacts shall be carried out for worst case scenario (Failure of ESP or FGD or NOx control systems)

4. Status of Forest Clearance shall be submitted

Point wise reply to above details are given in the following paragraphs-



ADDITIONAL DETAILS SOUGHT BY EAC Page 2

© 2019 MECON Limited. All rights reserved

Point 1- Water sustainability studies to be conducted for determining the demand of instream users and environmental flow. The study should clearly bring out the impacts on the downstream users and instream biota due to the water drawal for the proposed project. The above study was conducted by M/s WAPCOS. The conclusion of the study report are as follows:

Negligible variation in water depth and velocity due to proposed drawal of water of OTPC project.

Sufficient water depth is available for the sustenance of aquatic biota even after meeting the demand of OTPC project.

The summary of the report is enclosed at Annexure-1. The soft copy of the report is enclosed at Annexure-1A.



Point 2- Wildlife Management Plan be vetted by the Chief Wildlife Warden and a copy of the plan shall be submitted to the Ministry.

The Wildlife Management Plan duly vetted by Chief Wildlife Warden, Odisha vide his office letter No.11838/1WL-EC-Power-SSP-91/2018 dtd.29.12.2018 which is enclosed at Annexure-2. Soft copy of the plan is also attached as Annexure-2A. Hard copy the plan shall be submitted to the Ministry at the time of hearing as desired.



Point 3- Prediction of Air quality impacts shall be carried out for worst case scenario (Failure of ESP or FGD or NOx control systems).

OTPCL has proposed for installation of 3X800 MW coal based super critical thermal power plant with latest state of the art technologies. In order to limit pollutant concentrations within specifies norms, OTPCL has proposed for installation of high efficiency ESP, FGD system, Low NOx burners and SCR/SNCR system in each units separately. However, in order to predict the impacts on ambient air in worst case conditions because of failure of these PCEs, study has been conducted. Details of the same are given in subsequent paragraphs.

1. Failure of ESP

It is proposed to install a high efficiency electrostatic precipitator having an efficiency that will limit the outlet emission to 30 mg/Nm3. Each 800 MW unit shall be provided with a separate ESP. Each ESP will have four (4) or more parallel gas streams, isolated from each other on the electrical as well as gas side. Each stream will have minimum 8 fields which shall be connected to each other in line.

It has been assumed that one ESP of one unit shall be non-functional at a time. Other two units’ ESPs shall operate normally. In order to predict the worst case scenario with one faulty ESP, following 5 scenarios have been considered-

1. All fields of all three ESPs working normally 2. Failure of One field of one ESP and other two ESPs working normally 3. Failure of Two fields of one ESP gas stream and other two ESPs working normally 4. Failure of Three fields of one ESP gas stream and other two ESPs working normally 5. Failure of all fields (No power) in one gas stream of one ESP while other two gas

streams working normally - Worst Case

The following assumptions have been considered in order to calculate the exhaust emissions in various scenarios:

a) Each ESP is having four parallel gas streams. At a time, out of the 4 gas streams, three gas streams shall be in operation and one gas stream is considered under maintenance.

b) Normal efficiency of the ESP is estimated around 99.94 % to limit the output emission under 30 mg/Nm3.

c) The pollution load in normal conditions from each ESP is estimated to be 27.4 g/sec (@30 mg/Nm3).

d) In case of failure of one field of gas stream, the working efficiency of the ESP stream shall reduce to 99.86 %. The output emission concentration in this case shall be 45.5 mg/Nm3.

e) In case of failure of two fields of gas stream, the working efficiency of the ESP stream shall reduce to 99.63 %. The output emission concentration in this case shall be 84.8 mg/Nm3.

f) In case of failure of three fields of gas stream, the working efficiency of the ESP stream shall reduce to 99 %. The output emission concentration in this case shall be 185 mg/Nm3.

g) In all 3 cases, only one gas stream shall be faulty. The other two streams shall operate as usual.



h) In case of total power failure, the overall efficiency of ESP stream reduces to 75 %. The output emission concentration in this case shall be 13216 mg/Nm3.

The total pollution loads in each scenario are summarized in Table 1 below. Parameters considered for Stack emissions and flue gas calculations are given in Table 2 below.

Table 1- Total pollution load from one ESP with two normal working gas streams and one faulty gas stream in different scenarios

Sl.No.

Scenario Pollution Load (g/s)

(2 gas streams working normally

+ faulty gas stream)

Total Load(g/s)

Emission Rate

(mg/Nm3)

1 Normal Operation 2 X 9.15 + 9.15 27.4 302 One field failure in one gas stream 2 X 9.15 + 23.28 41.6 45.53 Two fields failure in one gas stream 2 X 9.15 + 59.23 77.5 84.84 Three fields failure in one gas stream 2 X 9.15 + 150.7 169 1855 All 8 fields failure in one gas stream 2 X 9.15 + 12056 12075 13216

Based on the above inputs, Ground Level Concentrations (GLCs) have been predicted due to the plant operation on ambient environment during worst case scenario with one faulty ESP having power failure in one gas stream and two normal ESPs. The results of predicted GLCs when ESPs working efficiently and worst case scenarios at individual AAQ stations are presented in Table 3. On comparison it is observed significant increase in GLCs. However, chances of occurrence of such scenarios are remote as there will be a standby streams in each ESP which will be put into operation instantly.

Table 3: Predicted ground level concentration at various receptor points All values in μg/m3

Station

PM (μg/m3 ) 24hr Avg.

All ESPs working normally (Worst Case)A1 1.74 256.91A2 1.38 203.64A3 2.24 330.05A4 0.45 66.15A5 1.95 287.08A6 0.64 94.32A7 0.65 96.38A8 1.78 262.07



2. Failure of FGD

FGD Plant for each unit has been considered and will be installed at the space provided behind the chimney. The FGD plant will reduce the SO2 emission from the Steam Generator below 100 mg per Nm3 (as per MoEF standard).

The design and layout of steam generator and its auxiliaries will be such that a wet/dry flue gas desulphurization system can be installed, taking suction from duct after ID fan and feeding the de sulphurised flue gases back to the chimney with provision for bypassing the FGD system. In case of failure of FGD system, the entire flue gas containing SO2 shall be by-passed directly to chimney.

In order to predict the impacts of worst case scenario of FGD system failure, the following assumptions have been considered in order to calculate the exhaust emissions:

1. Only one out of the three FGD system is expected for failure at a time. The remaining two shall operate as usual, bringing down SO2 concentration from flue gas of each stack to 100 mg/Nm3 as per norms.

2. In case of FGD failure, the SO2 content in exhaust flue gas shall be due to the total sulphur content of input coal.

3. Total SO2 concentration in flue gas in absence of FGD system in one unit is estimated to be 1033 mg/Nm3.

The total pollution loads for normal and emergency scenarios are summarized in Table 4 below.

Table 4- Total pollution loads in different scenarios Sl.No.

Scenario Pollution Load Breakup (g/s)

Total Load(g/s)

1 All 3 FGD units working normally 3 X 91.36 274.12 Failure of FGD System in one unit 2 X 91.36 + 944 1126.8

Based on the above inputs, Ground Level Concentrations (GLCs) have been predicted due to the plant operation on ambient environment for worst case scenario. The results of predicted GLCs at individual AAQ station are presented in Table 5.

Table 5: Predicted ground level concentration at various receptor points

Station

SO2 (μg/m3 ) 24hr Avg.

FGD system in all three units working normally

FGD Failure in one unit and other two units working normally

A1 5.80 23.86A2 4.60 18.91A3 7.46 30.65A4 1.49 6.14A5 6.49 26.66A6 2.13 8.76A7 2.18 8.95A8 5.92 24.34



3. Failure of NOx control systems

Necessary provision in the steam generator system and fuel firing system shall be kept for installation of Low NOx burners and Selective Catalytic/Non-catalytic Reduction (SCR/SNCR) units to reduce NOx emissions. The NOx emission from the exhaust stream shall be maintained below 100 mg per Nm3 (as per MoEF standard).

Some of elements present in the fly ash deactivate the catalyst due to strong chemisorption on the active sites. The poisons may act by simply blocking active sites or alter the adsorption behaviors of reactants and products by an electronic interaction. This may result in SCR/SNCR system failure. In such cases, the entire flue gas containing NOx shall be by-passed directly to chimney.

In order to predict the impacts of worst case scenario of SCR/SNCR system failure, the following assumptions have been considered in order to calculate the exhaust emissions:

1. Only one out of the three SCR/SNCR system is expected for failure at a time. The remaining two shall operate as usual, bringing down NOx concentration from flue gas of each stack to 100 mg/Nm3 as per norms.

2. Even if the SCR/SNCR system fails to operate as usual, the low NOx burners shall keep the NOx concentration in flue gas stream below 750 mg/Nm3.

3. In absence of SCR/SNCR system, total NOx concentration in flue gas from one unit isassumed as 750 mg/Nm3.

The total pollution loads for different scenarios are summarized in Table 6 below. Table 6- Total pollution loads in different scenarios

Sl.No.

Scenario Pollution Load Breakup (g/s)

Total Load(g/s)

1 All 3 SCR/SNCR units working normally 3 X 91.36 274.12 Failure of SCR/SNCR System in one unit 2 X 91.36 + 685 868

Based on the above inputs, Ground Level Concentrations (GLCs) have been predicted due to the plant operation on ambient environment for various scenarios. The results of predicted GLCs at individual AAQ station are presented in Table 7.

Table 7: Predicted ground level concentration at various receptor points

Station

NOx (μg/m3 ) 24 hr Avg.

SCR/SNCR in all three units working normally

SCR/SNCR Failure in one unit and other two units working normally

A1 5.80 18.38A2 4.60 14.57A3 7.46 23.61A4 1.49 4.73A5 6.49 20.54A6 2.13 6.75A7 2.18 6.89A8 5.92 18.75



Point 4- Status of Forest Clearance shall be submitted.

The status of Forest Clearance is as follows: a) The FDP No. FP/OR/THE/29588/2017 for diversion of 38.098 ha of forest land has

already been submitted to DFO, Dhenkanal by the Nodal wing O/o PCCF vide State Sl.No.OR-062/2017.

b) Tree enumeration in respect of both forest and non-forest land has been completed and report submitted to DFO as desired.

c) Gramasabha in all villages have been completed and Form-II Model Certificates as per FR Act,2006 have already been issued by the Collector, Dhenkanal. A copy of the same is enclosed at Annexure-3

d) Non-Forest Govt. land for Compensatory Afforestation have been identified, scheme for Compensatory Afforestation land have already been prepared by DFO. The land suitability certificate has already been issued by DFO, Dhenkanal. A copy of the same is enclosed at Annexure-4

e) The DFO, Dhenkanal has already forwarded the proposal to RCCF, Angul vide his office Memo No.135 3F/Misc./96/2018/dt.05.01.2019. A copy of the same is enclosed at Annexure-5.

October 2018

WAPCOS LIMITED76 C, Sector 18, Gurgaon - 122015, Haryana, INDIA

Tel. +91-124-2397396, Fax. +91-124-2397392

Email: [email protected]

Water Sustainability Studies on River Brahmani to

assess impacts on downstream users and in stream

biota due to the water drawal for 3x800 MW Thermal

Power Project of OTPC at

Kamakhyanagar, Odisha

ODISHA THERMAL POWER CORPORATION LTD.(A joint venture company of Odisha Hydro Power Corporation Ltd and

Odisha Mining Corporation Ltd)

Annexure 1A

CONTENTS

i

CONTENTS

CHAPTER – 1 : INTRODUCTION

1.1 General 1-11.2 Project Location 1-11.3 Project Description 1-31.4 Water Availability 1-31.5 Objectives of the Study 1-41.6 Scope of Work 1-51.7 Outline of the Report 1-5

CHAPTER – 2 : METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR THE STUDY

2.1 Introduction 2-12.2 Topographical and Bathymetry Survey 2-12.3 Physico-Chemical Aspects 2-2

2.3.1 Meteorology 2-22.3.2 Water Resources 2-32.3.3 Water Quality Monitoring 2-4

2.4 Biological Characteristics 2-52.4.1 Sample Procurement 2-62.4.2 Density and Diversity Index 2-62.4.3 Fish & Fisheries 2-9

2.5 Assessment of Environmental Flows 2-92.6 Assess of Impacts on Downstream users and in stream Biota

due to drawal of water2-10

2.7 Environmental Management Plan 2-10

CHAPTER – 3 : HYDROLOGY

3.1 Basin Details 3-13.2 Water Availability 3-1

CHAPTER – 4 : ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE STATUS

4.1 Introduction 4-14.2 Meteorology 4-14.3 Water Quality 4-44.4 Biotic Communities 4-8

4.4.1 Phytoplanktons 4-94.4.2 Phytobenthos 4-124.4.3 Macrophytes 4-144.4.4 Zooplanktons 4-154.4.5 Macro invertebrates 4-16

4.5 Fish and Fisheries 4-204.5.1 Fish species composition 4-204.5.2 Fisheries 4-24

ii

CHAPTER – 5 : ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FLOW

5.1 Assessment of Impacts 5-15.2 Environmental Flows and Biotic Communities 5-25.3 Selection of Target fish species 5-25.4 Release of Environmental Flows 5-3

CHAPTER – 6 : CONCLUSION

6.1 Conclusion 6-1

iii

LIST OF TABLES

Table-1.1 Water Availability and Water Demand during non-monsoon period 1-4Table-2.1 Coordinates of the Surveyed Locations 2-1Table-3.1 State-wise Break-up of Drainage Area 3-1Table-3.2 Details of Catchment Area for tributaries of Brahmani River 3-1Table-3.3 Details of CWC Site 3-2Table-3.4 Status of Rainfall Data availability in Angul and Dhenkanal District 3-2Table-4.1 Average meteorological conditions in the project area district 4-4Table-4.2 Details of sampling sites 4-5Table-4.3 Physico-chemical characteristics of Brahmani River 4-7Table-4.4 Drinking Water quality standards 4-8Table-4.5 Densities and diversity indices of different biotic communities in

Brahmani river in the study area4-9

Table-4.6 Species composition and relative abundance of phytoplankton 4-10Table-4.7 Species composition and relative abundance of phytobenthos 4-12Table-4.8 Macrophyte species recorded from Brahmani river 4-15Table-4.9 Density of macro-invertebrates at different locations 4-18Table-4.10 Fish species recorded from study area during primary survey 4-20Table-4.11 Fish species composition from study area of Brahmani river 4-21Table-5.1 Monthwise average discharge available in Brahmani river at

Samal barrage in the year 2002-035-4

Table-5.2 Average seasonal flow in Brahmani river d/s Samal Barrage 5-4Table-5.3 Minimum Depth Requirements 5-4Table-5.4 Depth of flow on the basis of average flow for Brahmani river

without OTPCL project5-6

Table-5.5 Depth of flow on the basis of average flow for Brahmani River withOTPCL project

5-6

Table-5.6 Variation in the velocity and depth during Non-Monsoon season 5-15Table-6.1 Variation in the velocity and depth during Non-Monsoon season 6-2

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure-1.1 Intake Location on Google Image 1-2Figure-1.2 Intake Location 1-2Figure-2.1 Location of River Cross Section on Brahmani River 2-2Figure-4.1 Monthwise variation of maximum and minimum temperatures 4-2Figure-4.2 Month wise rainfall pattern 4-3Figure-4.3 Month wise variation in humidity in the project area district 4-4Figure-4.4 Water Quality and Aquatic Ecological sampling location map 4-5Figure-5.1 Water depth at various x-section with and without OTPCL project 5-7

iv

ABBREVIATIONS & ACCRONYMS

BOD - Biological Oxygen DemandCOC - Cycle of ConstructionCOD - Chemical Oxygen DemandCWC - Central Water CommissionDO - Dissolved OxygenDoWR - Department of Water Resource DepartmentDPR - Detailed Project ReportEMP - Environmental Management PlanE-Flow - Environmental FlowsFCI - Fertilizer Survey of IndiaGNSS - Global Navigation Satellite SystemHECRAS - Hydrologic Engineering Centre SoftwareIMD - India Meteorological DepartmentIUCN - International Union for Conservation of NatureKm - KilometerLC - Least ConcernMCM - Million Cubic MetreMoEF&CC - Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate ChangeMSL - Mean Sea LevelMW - Mega WattNALCO - National Aluminium Company Ltd.NE - Not EvaluatedNH - National HighwayNT - Near ThreatenedOTPCL - Odisha Thermal Power Corporation LimitedTTPS - Talcher Thermal Power StationWAC - Water Allocation Committee

CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION

Chapter-1 : Introduction 1-1

CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL

Odisha Thermal Power Corporation Limited (OTPCL), a joint venture company of

Odisha Mining Corporation Limited proposes to establish a 3x800 MW Thermal

Power Project at Kamakhyanagar Tehsil, District Dhenkanal Odisha. The ground

elevation of the main plant area is around 98 m above MSL. The water requirements

for the proposed Thermal Power Station is proposed to be met by abstracting fresh

water from Baitarini river. The maximum water requirement for the proposed project

is about 5488 m3/h. The main source of raw water for the plant will be from

Brahmani river. The intake point is proposed near Kantapal village located

approximately 11 km from the proposed site. The Water Resources Department,

State Government of Odisha has allotted 80 cusec (2.3 cumec) of water for the

Project from river Brahmani. A letter on principle approval for drawal of 80 cusecs of

water from river Brahmani has been obtained from Department of Water Resource

(DoWR), Govt of Odisha. The present study envisages assessment of impacts on

downstream users and in stream biota due to the water drawal from river Brahmani

for the proposed Thermal Power Project

1.2 PROJECT LOCATION

The site is located adjacent to the State Highway connecting Dhenkanal town with

Kamakhyanagar. The nearest National Highway (NH-42) connecting Sambalpur and

Cuttack through Dhenkanal is at a distance of about 15 km from the project site. The

nearest airport is at Bhubaneshwar, located about 90 km from the project site. The

coordinates of the proposed power plant site are 20o50’13.2”N and 85o31’14.5”

E. The base elevation of plant site is around 98 m above msl and that of ash pond is

around 75 m above msl. The HFL of Brahmani river near intake point is around 50 m

above MSL. The Intake location is depicted in Figures-1.1 and 1.2.

The raw water intake point will be near Kantapal village, which is about 11 km from

the proposed plant site. The coordinates of the proposed intake point are

20°46'50.09"N and 85°26'40.25"E. The river width near proposed intake point is

about 800 m and river passes between two embankments. The geological features


at proposed site are favourable for construction of any hydraulic structure for

achieving required impounding effect at its upstream side.

Figure-1.1: Intake Location on Google Image

Figure-1.2: Intake Location

Intake Location


1.3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The proposed study envisages drawal of 80 cusec (2.3 cumec) of water from

Brahmani river to meet the water requirements of the 2400 MW Thermal Power

Project proposed in Kamakhyanagar Tehsil, district Dhenkanal. The total circulating

water in the proposed plant shall be 2.265 cumec (i.e. 8154.02 m3/hour). To

minimize the consumption of water it is proposed to re circulate the water by treating

the waste water and reusing the same. The total discharge of waste water from the

plant is envisaged to be zero. The loss of water due to evaporation and spillage etc.

shall be drawn from the source as makeup water. The waste water reuse and

recirculation shall be of the order of 90%.

The conveyance of water has been proposed through 11 km long MS pipes from the

Intake point to OTPCL plant area reservoir. The proposed intake location is about 90

km downstream of the existing Samal barrage. The intake well and pump house

shall be proposed for water requirement for OTPCL and also for supplying water to

storage reservoir inside the OTPCL at Kamakhyanagar.

Hence the intake is designed for 80 cusec (2.3 cumec) in order to meet the

requirement of the project. The water storage area for the OTPCL Project is located

within the Plant area. There may be scarcity of water during dry summer spells

between May to June and continuous withdrawal of @ 80.00 cusec of water may not

be possible for some days during these months. In such an eventuality, storage

reservoir to meet the water requirement for ten days has been proposed.

1.4 WATER AVAILABILITY

Water availability at proposed intake point has been calculated based on 90%

dependable flow from Samal barrage and flow from the intervening catchment

between Samal barrage and Kantapal has been estimated as 2674.31 MCM.

However total demand between Samal barrage and proposed intake point has been

calculated as 1642 MCM. The details of water availability and water demand during

non-monsoon period (November to May), upstream and downstream of Intake point

at Kantapal for OTPCL has been studied and details are given in Table-1.1. A

reservoir has been proposed at the plant premises to store water to meet 10 days of

requirement during lean/scarcity period of the year. Thus, Power Plant in the

OTPCL area will not suffer from water scarcity during non-monsoon and lean

period.


Table-1.1: Water Availability and Water Demand during Non-Monsoon (Nov-May) Period (U/S and D/S of Intake point – Kantapal of OTPCLS) (Unit: MCM)

90% dependable flow at Samal Barrage in Non-monsoon 264490% dependable flow from Samal upto Intake point (Kantapal)(Considering catchment area of future projects and 20% ofregeneration)

10.31

Flow available from Kantapal to Jenapur 20.0Total flow available at Kantapal 2674.31

Demand U/S including OTPCL Intake point (Non Monsoon)

Irrigation Demand 1209Domestic Water Demand 105Industrial Demand 328Total 1642

Balance flow available after u/s demand 1032.31

Demand D/S Intake point (Non Monsoon)

Irrigation Demand 148Domestic Water Demand 35Industrial Demand 315Mega lift Project Demand 46.8Export to Baitarani Basin 250Total Downstream Demand 795

Balance flow available at Jenapur 238

Notes:I. The industrial demand u/s of Kantapal is 328 MCM which includes water

requirement of OTPCL.II. The balance flow available at each stage covers e-flow norms and will be

applicable to maintain e-flow on the downstream of the basin. Minimum flowavailable from Samal barrage upto Kantapal is 1032.31 MCM. From Kantapalupto Jenapur and downstream of Jenapur upto confluence with sea, minimumflow available is 238 MCM.

III. For Industrial utilisation, 90% dependable flow has been considered as perguidelines.

1.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

As per the water availability study net water available downstream of Kantapal is

estimated as 1032 MCM. Proposed study envisages the assessment of water

sustainability in Brahmini river downstream of proposed intake point, for determining

the demand of in stream users and Environmental Flows, considering the drawal of

water for the proposed Thermal Power project from Brahmini river. Water

sustainability assessment report will be submitted to MoEF&CC along with the EIA

report for obtaining the Environmental Clearance for the Project. The study shall

cover the impacts on downstream users and in stream biota due to the water drawal

for the proposed project.


1.6 SCOPE OF WORK

The scope of work for this study covers the Water Sustainability Studies on River

Brahmani to bring out the impacts on downstream users and in stream biota due to

the water drawl for 3x800 MW Thermal Power Project of OTPC at Kamakhyanagar,

Odisha. The scope of work includes the topography and bathymetry survey and

generation of cross-section at suitable intervals in river Brahmani up to the

confluence of major tributary in downstream of intake point and aquatic ecological

study to collect baseline data on various aspects of water quality, aquatic ecology &

fisheries The details of the scope of work covered in the study are as below:

Topography and bathymetry survey and generation of cross-section at suitableintervals in river Brahmani

Aquatic ecological study regarding Flora and Fauna at suitable in riverBrahmani

Water quality monitoring study Assessment of biotic resources with special reference to primary

productivity, zooplanktons, benthos, macrophytes, macro-invertebratesand fishes in the study area

Population density and diversity of Phytoplanktons, Zooplanktons Benthos,Macrophytes, Macro-invertebrates and fish shall be estimated.

Assessment of density, diversity indices of these ecological groups will also becalculated separately.

Status of fisheries in the study area, based on primary and secondary data Inventory of fish species and identification of migratory route of fishes if any Fish composition Spawning & breeding grounds if any, have to be identified. Assessment of loss of habitat and conservation needs for Fish species in the

project area Based on the existing status of riverine ecology the ecosystems shall be

characterized for trophic status. Impacts on aquatic ecology and fisheries due to proposed drawl of water shall

be assessed

1.7 OUTLINE OF THE REPORT

The present report outlines the findings of Draft Report. The outline of the Report is

given as below:

Chapter-1 covers the need for the study, study area to be covered as a part of the

study. The scope of work and brief profile of the study area is also summarized in the

Chapter.

Chapter-2 outlines the methodology adopted for conducting the study.


Chapter-3 delineates the hydrological aspects of the projects.

Chapter-4 presents the environmental baseline conditions covering physico-

chemical, biological aspects of environment. The baseline study involved both field

work and review of existing documents, which are necessary for identification of data

which may already have been collected for other purposes.

Chapter-5 presents the recommendation of the in study alongwith Environmental

Flows to be released for sustaining the riverine ecology.

Chapter-6 summarizes the conclusions of the study.

CHAPTER – 2

METHODOLOGY ADOPTED

FOR THE STUDY

Chapter-2: Methodology Adopted for the Study 2-1

CHAPTER-2

METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR THE STUDY

2.1 INTRODUCTION

A brief account of the methodologies and matrices followed in the present study is

given below under different headings. The following aspects shall be covered for the

assessment of Water Sustainability and downstream impact due to the drawl for

proposed project.

2.2 TOPOGRAPHICAL AND BATHYMETRY SURVEY

Topographic and Bathymetry survey has been carried out at intake point and other

selected locations to study the river morphology, slope and width. Topographic and

Bathymetry survey was conducted at 14 locations in Brahmani River in a stretch of

76 km starting from intake point. Topographical survey was conducted by using

Trimble R8 GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and data was processed in

Trimble Business Centre V4.0 software. The accuracy of the instrument is about 8

mm H / 15 mm V. Base stations were established at 3 locations along river Brahmani.

The instrument installed at the base stations were paired with each other, which

provided the coverage in an area of 90 km. The coordinates of the base stations area

are given as below:

1. Station-1 Latitude 20°45'7.10" NLongitude 85°27'0.39" E

2. Station-2 Latitude 20°48'54.5" NLongitude 85°40'50.5"E

3. Station-3 Latitude 20°51'2.41" NLongitude 85°51'28.48"E

The base stations were used to conduct the topography and bathymetry survey at 14

locations between proposed intake location and Jenapur. The tentative locations of

cross-section are shown in Figure-2.1. The coordinates of the surveyed locations are

given in Table-2.1.

Table-2.1: Coordinates of the surveyed locations

S. No Station Name Latitude Longitude

1 Station-1 20°48'9.33"N 85°22'15.29"E2 Station-2 20°46'37.55"N 85°26'31.81"E3 Station-3 20°46'19.05"N 85°29'7.67"E


S. No Station Name Latitude Longitude

4 Station-4 20°45'3.07"N 85°31'55.04"E5 Station-5 20°44'27.54"N 85°34'54.78"E6 Station-6 20°45'21.78"N 85°36'13.88"E7 Station-7 20°47'26.75"N 85°36'51.31"E8 Station-8 20°49'6.76"N 85°38'37.32"E9 Station-9 20°49'26.99"N 85°40'52.26"E10 Station-10 20°50'29.27"N 85°42'37.55"E11 Station-11 20°52'16.31"N 85°44'55.47"E12 Station-12 20°52'15.49"N 85°49'5.86"E13 Station-13 20°50'48.32"N 85°56'26.79"E14 Station-14 20°53'7.68"N 86° 0'39.87"E

Cross sections have been prepared for 14 locations for the assessment of minimum

flow required for the sustenance of aquatic ecology and fisheries downstream of

intake point, considering the downstream requirements for agriculture and other

purposes.

Figure-2.1: Location of River Cross Section on Brahmani River

2.3 PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ASPECTS

2.3.1 Meteorology

Information on various meteorological aspects is proposed to be collected for the

nearest meteorological stations of India Meteorological Department (IMD). The

information on following aspects is proposed to be collected:

Rainfall- average (monthly, annual)- maximum (monthly, annual)- minimum (monthly, annual).


Temperature- average (monthly)- maximum and minimum (monthly)

Humidity- average (monthly)- maximum and minimum (monthly)

2.3.2 Water Resources

As a part of the study, the information on following aspects has been collected and

reviewed:

a) Review of water availability study report

As per the preliminary estimation, the total water requirement for Proposed Thermal

Power Project (industrial as well as domestic) shall be 80 cusecs (2.265 cumec). The

source of water shall be Brahmini river. Hence Government of Odisha decided to

carry out a water availability study for the power plant to assess the availability,

interventions required to check the runoff and increase the water availability for the

upcoming projects, other feasible sources like ground water etc. The study was

carried out after collecting the requisite hydrological and hydro-meteorological data.

The scope of work for water availability study included the following:

Collection of Hydrological data of river Brahmani from Water ResourcesDepartment Odisha/Central Water Commission/River Gauging Stations asnecessary.

Data collection of committed water used along with existing and proposedprojects on River Brahmani.

Hydrological study of water availability of sources including post monsoonstudy in river Brahmani from December / June and also consideringevaporation, seepage, extraction of water by villagers & regeneration if any.

Minimum flow under adverse conditions, its frequency and mitigationmeasures.

Two alternatives were considered and evaluated as a part of the study andrecommendations were made regarding the water availability.

Findings of the water availability study will be evaluated in view of the water

requirements for the sustenance of aquatic ecology and if needed modifications shall

be suggested in the quantity proposed for environmental flow, based on the findings

of aquatic ecological survey proposed to be conducted as a part of the study.

b) Review of drainage characteristics of the Brahmani River basin

The information on Brahmani river basin characteristics including its drainage,

meteorology, etc. will be collected for the available DPR for proposed project. Based

on the available data, information on catchment area intercepted at the site and the


water available for various dependable years, design discharge shall be collected.

c) Data collection and review of past studies/reports/data etc.

The data as available in the DPR and data on hydrology/water availability has

been reviewed and information on the following aspects have been collected:

90% dependable year for various project. 10 daily flow in 90% dependable year Analysis of water availability vis-à-vis proportion of Catchment Area

Intercepted.

2.3.3 Water Quality Monitoring

River water quality monitoring has been conducted at 7 Nos. of locations in river

Brahmani during monsoon season of 2018. The parameters monitored are given as

below:

pH BOD Dissolved oxygen Electrical Conductivity Total Dissolved Solids Alkalinity Total Hardness Chlorides Sulphates Nitrates Fluorides Phosphates Magnesium Sodium Potassium Iron Manganese Lead Copper Cadmium Mercury Zinc Arsenic Manganese Total Coliform

In case of water, care was taken in measuring the temperature as it was recorded

from surface, column and near the bottom of the river. Average values of these

readings were computed for final results. The water current velocity at all sites was


measured with the help of float method. A 20 m stretch of the river was measured

and marked at both ends. A float was thrown at upper end and the time taken by the

float to travel the marked distance, was recorded by a stop watch. For the turbidity of

water, samples were collected in sampling bottles from different sites in the field and

brought to the laboratory for analysis. The turbidity was recorded with the help of

digital turbidity meter (TN 100; Eutech). The pH was recorded with the help of pH

Scan (pHtestr 30; Eutech) in the field. Dissolved oxygen was measured by

iodometric titration method using Oxygen test kit (Aquamerck).

The total dissolved solids were measured with the help of TD Stestr 11+ (Eutech) at

each site. Similarly, Electrical conductivity was recorded with the help of ECtestr 11+

(Eutech) at the sites. Total salt contents were measured by using Salttestr (Eutech).

Total alkalinity, alkalinity as carbonates and bicarbonates, total hardness, total

hardness, Ca and Mg contents, and chloride were measured with the help of APHA

(2005) and Adoni (1985). Nitrate (NO3 – N), and phosphate (PO4 – P) were

measured by photometric method using UV/visible spectrophotometer (Ultrospec

3000). Ions (Na, K) and a few heavy metals e.g. Cadmium, Copper, Iron and Zink

were detected by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AA 6300).

2.4 BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Detailed aquatic ecological survey has been conducted by Centre for Inter-

Disciplinary Studies for Mountain and Hill Environment (CISMHE), University of Delhi

at 7 locations in the study area during monsoon season of 2018. The objective of the

study was the water quality and aquatic ecology in the river covering the following

aspects:

Assessment of biotic resources with special reference to primary productivity,Zooplanktons, Phytoplanktons, Benthos, Macrophytes, Macro-invertebrates,Insects, Butterflies etc. in the study area.

Population density and diversity of Phytoplanktons, Zooplanktons Benthos,Macrophytes, Macro-invertebrates and fish shall be estimated.

Diversity indices of these ecological groups will also be calculated separately. Status of fisheries in the study area, based on primary and secondary data Inventory of fish species and identification of migratory route of fishes if any Spawning & breeding grounds if any, have to be identified. Assessment of loss of habitat and conservation needs for Fish species in the

project areaBased on the existing status of riverine ecology the ecosystems shall be

characterized for trophic status. Impacts on aquatic ecology and fisheries due to


proposed drawl of water shall be assessed. The methodology adopted for the

assessment of various components under Aquatic Ecological Survey are given in the

following paragraphs.

2.4.1 Sample Procurement

A total of six biotic communities namely phytoplankton, Phytobenthos, macrophytes,

Zooplankton, Macro-invertebrates and fish were sampled to assess the aquatic

richness in Brahmani river. Phytoplankton and Zooplankton were collected by

filtering 50 litres of water at each site for each community using a sieve of 25µ mesh

size. The residue left in the sieve was collected in a 50 ml vial. Three replicates were

taken for each community and pooled for further analysis. Phytoplankton samples

were preserved using Lugol’s solution. No preservative were added in zooplankton

samples. Phytobenthos samples were collected from each site by scraping the

boulder surfaces of known quadrat area (5 cm x 5 cm). These samples were then

preserved and analyzed in the same way as described for the phytoplankton.

In order to collect the macrophytes, primary survey was conducted at each sites.

Only those samples, which were found in free floating condition or submerged in the

water of Brahmani river were recorded during the survey. The specimen were

identified at sites only. They were not collected for the purpose of analysis.

The macro-invertebrates were obtained with the help of a square feet Surber’s

sampler. The substrate, mainly stones are disturbed and immediately transferred to

a bucket kept under water and later rinsed thoroughly to dislodge all the attached

macro-invertebrates. For macro-invertebrates three replicates for each community

were obtained and pooled for further analysis.

2.4.2 Density and Diversity Index

In case of phytoplankton, phytobenthos, zooplankton and macro-invertebrates,

further analysis was conducted in laboratory. The volume of zooplankton,

phytoplankton, and phytobenthos were made up to 100 ml (concentrated sample).

The total density of zooplankton and phytoplankton were calculated using ‘Drop-

count’ method, described by Adoni (1985). Following this method, a drop of known

volume was put on a clean microslide. It was covered with a cover glass of suitable

size so that the sample does not run out. The mocroslide was examined with the

help of phase contrast microscope. All individuals under examination were


enumerated to calculate the density. Following methods were followed to calculate

the density of plankton and phytobenthos:

Density of plankton

Phytoplanktons are the autotrophic component of the plankton community and play

an important role in the primary production process in the stream ecosystems. They

serve as a base of the aquatic food web, providing essential ecological function for all

aquatic life. In terms of numbers, the important groups of phytoplankton comprises of

diatoms, dinoflagellates, cyanobacteria, and other groups of unicellular algae.

For enumeration of phytoplankton and zooplankton population,100 liter composite

water samples has been be collected from the river surface up to 60 cm depth and

were filtered through a 20 µm net to make 1 lt. of bulk sample. The bulk samples so

collected were preserved in 5% formalin solution and will be brought to the

laboratory for analysis. Ten replicate water samples each of 15 ml will be made out

of the preserved 1 lt. bulk sample and centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 10 minutes. After

centrifuging, the volume of aliquot concentrate will be measured. 1 ml of aliquot

concentrate will be used for enumeration of phytoplankton population in each

replicate. A plankton chamber of 1 ml capacity will be used for counting of plankton

under a light microscope.

The total number of planktons present in a litre of water sample was calculated

using the following formula:

Organisms per litre= A x (1/L) x (n/v)

Where A = average number of organisms per drop

v = volume of one drop (in ml)

n = total volume of concentrated sample (in ml)

L = volume of original sample (in litre)

Density of phytobenthos

Organisms per cm2 = A x (V/v) x (1/S)

Where A = average number of organisms per drop

V = volume of concentrated sample (in ml)

v = volume of one drop (in ml)

S = area of scrapings (in sq. cm)

Density of Macro-invertebrates

Benthic invertebrates are organisms that live on the bottom of a water body (or in


the sediment) and have no backbone. Their size spans 6 to 7 orders of magnitude

and they range from microscopic (e.g. micro-invertebrates, <10 microns) to a few

tens of centimetres or more in length (e.g. macro-invertebrates, >50 cm). Benthic

invertebrates live either on the surface of bed forms (e.g. rock, coral or

sediment - epibenthos) or within sedimentary deposits (in fauna), and comprise

several types of feeding groups e.g. deposit-feeders, filter- feeders, grazers and

predators. The abundance, diversity, biomass and species composition of benthic

invertebrates can be used as indicators of changing environmental conditions.

Construction of dams can impact the benthic invertebrates by alteration of the

physical characteristics of the river which includes substratum, current velocity, food

availability, water temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, and water

chemistry.

Benthic invertebrates have been collected from the sampling stations by stirring an

area of 1 m2 and dislodging the substrate to catch the dislodged organisms in a net

(0.5 mm mesh) held downstream following Davis (1938). Three replicates have

been collected at each site. The species will then be brought to the laboratory and

sorted order-wise. As a next step, identification and enumeration shall be done.

Macro-invertebrates samples retrieved from the sampling sites were brought to the

laboratory all individuals were counted. The final densities of macro-invertebrates

were expressed in the individuals per m2.

Relative abundance

The relative abundance of algal species was calculated as:

(Number of cells of a species / Total number of cells counted) x 100.

Diversity Index

In order to calculate diversity of different biotic communities, Shannon’s diversity

index was used as follow

H’ = ƩPi x log10Pi

Pi = (ni/N)

Where ni = n = density of ith species

N = total density

Identification of Species

Identification of planktonic and phytobenthic algae (diatoms) was carried out using

permanent slide mounts of samples from all the sites. The samples were acid


digested, centrifuged and thoroughly rinsed to get the cleared samples. For

treatment of samples, the standard method was followed (APHA, 2005). The

permanent slides were prepared by mounting the medium in Euparol. These slides

were examined using standard literature (Lange- Bertalot & Krammer 2000, 2001,

2002; Hustedt and Jenson, 1985; Sarod and Kamat, 1983). Relative abundance of

each species of phytoplankton and phytobenthos was calculated at each site.

Average value of relative abundance of each species was calculated for each stretch

for final presentation. Other algae (blue-green and green) algae were identified in the

untreated samples.

Zooplankton were identified with the help of Battish (1992). To count and identify the

macro-invertebrate and other algae Pennak (1953) and Edmondson (1959) were

followed.

2.4.3 Fish & Fisheries

Data on fish and fisheries was gathered with the help of primary survey and

secondary literature. Primary surveys included fishing efforts by local fishermen and

local fish market while secondary literature included Das et al. (2016). Das et al

(2016) studied a larger area of Brahmani river, however, only those species were

included in this chapter, which were reported from the adjacent sites of present study

area. In addition, Interaction with local people was made and the vernacular names

of fish species inhabiting the study area revealed by people were confirmed by using

literature like Das et al (2016) and others. Each species was assessed for its

conservation status using IUCN redlist (2018.1).

2.5 ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS

Cross sections have been generated for 15 locations between proposed intake point

and Jenapur and HECRAS model has been used to arrive at water depth available in

the river stretch d/s of proposed intake point. Water Sustainability has been assessed

on River Brahmani to bring out the impacts on downstream users and in stream biota

due to the water drawl of 80 cusec (2.3 cumec) of water from Brahmani river to meet

the water requirements of the 2400 MW Thermal Power Project proposed at

Kamakhyanagar Tehsil, district Dhenkanal Odisha.


2.6 ASSESS OF IMPACTS ON DOWNSTREAM USERS AND IN STREAMBIOTA DUE TO DRAWAL OF WATER

Over all the environment conditions in the region shall be established from the desk

review of primary data collected as a part of the study and available secondary data.

Anticipated positive and negative impacts likely to accrue as a result of drawl of

water for proposed Thermal power Project has been identified and assessed as a

part of the assessment of water sustainability in Brahmini river downstream of

proposed intake point, for determining the demand of in stream users and

Environmental Flows, considering the drawl of water for the proposed Thermal

Power project from Brahmini river. The following aspects have been covered as a

part of the study:

Modification in hydrologic regime due to diversion of water Depth of water available in river stretches during lean season and its

assessment of its adequacy vis-a-vis various fish species in the study area. Impacts on discharge in river stretch during monsoon and lean seasons

due to water drawal for the proposed project. Impacts on water users in terms of water availability and quality Impacts on aquatic ecology including riverine fisheries as a result of

drawl of water for power generation. Assessment of maintaining minimum releases of water during lean

season to sustain riverine ecology, maintain water quality and meet waterrequirement of downstream users.

2.7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

The purpose of water sustainability study is to quantify the impact of drawl of water

on aquatic ecology and fisheries and to determine the demand of in stream users

and environmental flows, considering the drawal of water for the proposed Thermal

Power project from Brahmini river. Hence, actual assessment of the water

requirements for the sustenance of aquatic ecology and to requirement of the

downstream users shall be studies in different seasons including the lean season

ensure that changes to the environment fall within the acceptable limits and to give

the environment its due place in the decision making process by clearly evaluating

the environmental consequences of the proposed drawl of river water. Suitable

mitigation measures against the potential adverse impacts have been suggested

as a part of the study.

CHAPTER – 3

HYDROLOGY

Chapter-3: Hydrology 3-1

CHAPTER-3

HYDROLOGY

3.1 BASIN DETAILS

The Brahmani is a major inter-state east flowing river amongst the peninsular rivers

in India. This basin is situated within the geographical co-ordinates of north latitude

20°-28'- to 23°-35' and east longitude 83°52' to 87°03' approximately. The basin is

bounded in the North by Chhotanagpur plateau, in the West and South by the

Mahanadi basin and in the East by the Bay of Bengal. The basin flows through

Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Orissa States and draining a total area of 39,033

sq.km. before it outfalls in to the Bay of Bengal. The state-wise break up of drainage

area is given in Table-3.1.

Table-3.1: State-Wise Break up of Drainage Area

S. No. Name of State Drainage area (km2)

1. Jharkhand 15,7692. Orissa 22,3643. Chhattisgarh 900

Total 39,033

The Brahmani, known as the South Koel river in the upper reaches, originates near

Nagri village in Ranchi district of Jharkhand at an elevation of about 600 m. The total

length of its run is about 799 km. The principal tributaries of river Brahmani are

Sankh, Tikra and Karo. The catchment area details are given in Table-3.2.

Table-3.2: Details of Catchment Area for tributaries of Brahmani River

S. No Name of theRiver/ Tributary

Bank Elevationof source(m)

Length(km.) CatchmentArea(km2)

1 Brahmani Mainstream

600 799 26,831

2 Karo Left 600 112 2,7413 Sankh Right 900 196 6,9334 Tikra Right 450 101 2,528

Total 39,033

3.2 WATER AVAILABILITY

The monthly weighted average monsoon rainfall and runoff data’s from the

catchment area up to downstream of Samal Barrage for the period 1994 may to

2013 June are shown for analysis. Linear and curvilinear regression analysis for the

monthly rainfall and run off data were carried out after excluding extremely scattered

points during preliminary studies.


The non-monsoon flows on an average constitutes 10% of the annual flow. These

relationships were used successively to estimate run off for various months for the

period December to May in between Kantapal and Samal Barrage.

The climatologically data of WRD/REVENUE Department and Indian Metrological

Department as well as from Central Water Commission (CWC) are available for

following sites for the period mentioned in Table-3.3.

Table-3.3: Details of CWC Site

Site Location Observed period Observed by

Angul 20049’45”N/ 8506’00”E 1961-2000 I.M.D.Dhenkanal 20039’15”N/85036’00”E 1961-2000 I.M.D.

Similarly, gauge, discharge, and sediment load data are available for Samal Barrage

and Talcher Barrage

Rainfall data

Rainfall records of Angul District, Dhenkanal District from the rain gauge stations in

and around Block Head-quarters, well distributed in and around the Catchment are

listed along with period for which data are available. The stations up stream of

Kantapal villages at block head-quarters, rain gauges have been installed and daily

rainfall records are being maintained. These were collected for Rain gauge sites.

Monthly weighted average rainfall in the Catchment area has been worked out. The

observed data is as follows in Block wise of Angul District and Dhenkanal District

which has been collected by Revenue Department. Similarly Rain fall Data’s were

also collected from WR Department from CE & BM BLB, Samal, Talcher. The details

of the Rainfall Data availability in Angul and Dhenkal District are depicted in Table-

3.4.

Table-3.4: Status of Rainfall Data availability in Angul and Dhenkal District (up

to 2008)

Station

Code

Name of the

R.G. Station

Latitude

(N)

Longitude

(E)

Period of

Data available

Angul District

OR0101R Angul 200 49’45’’ 850 06’ 00’’ 1961 - 2008OR0103R Banarpal 200 51’12’’ 850 11’ 36’’ 1971 -2008OR0108R Talcher 20056’ 00’’ 85012’30’’ 1961 -2008Dhenkal District

OR0802R Dhenkanal 20039’15’’ 850 36’ 00’’ 1961 - 2008OR0804R Hindol 20036’ 15’’ 850 12’ 00’’ 1961 -2008OR0805R Kamakhyanagar 20055’08’’ 85033’ 59’’ 1961 -2008


Station

Code

Name of the

R.G. Station

Latitude

(N)

Longitude

(E)

Period of

Data available

Angul District

OR0806R Kankadahada 21005’00’’ 85035’ 45’’ 1961-2008OR0807R Odapada 20045’12’’ 85028’ 14’’ 1961-2008OR0808R Parjang 20055’40’’ 85020’ 27’’ 1961-2008

Run-off

Central Water Commission (CWC) observed river flows at Talcher Bridge connecting

from Talcher to Parjung. Similarly Observations were taken at Samal D/S Discharge

by WR Department of State Government of Odisha.

Discharges are computed using river flow cross sectional area and velocity of flow

normal to the sectional area. Area is measured by sounding river depth which is

possible up to moderate flood when flow velocity is not very high and there is not

much of floating debris. For high floods computed river cross section is used with

flood flow level for arriving at cross sectional area.

The runoff observation at downstream of Samal Barrage and D/S of Talcher Bridge

were taken for this study from 1994 to 2013.The Central Water Commission

observed river flows at Talcher bridge sites from1985-1986 to 1995-1996.

Water Availability

Requirements of River Lift Schemes:

For nearby River Lift Schemes, annual flow of 1400 MCM (45 cumecs) is required to

be released from Samal Barrage to enable water level to reach the intake structures

of these schemes. However, further drawn this water is available for utilization.

Requirements of Industrial Purposes:

The total requirement for the industries including OTPCL up stream of Kantapal is

328 MCM in non-monsoon season. The industrial requirement downstream of Intake

point in non-monsoon is 315 MCM. The details are given in Table-1.1 of this Report.

Water Requirement for OTPCL Project

In a conventional fossil fuel-fired thermal power station, water is used to meet the

following consumptive requirements.

a. Cooling water for steam condenser to act as the heat sink for the

thermodynamic cycle. However, for power stations employing semi open re

circulating cooling systems with cooling towers, only a small percentage of


total circulating water flow is required as make-up. The cooling water system

in a large sized thermal power plant is the largest consumer of water and its

make-up requirement itself accounts for more than 70% of the total

consumptive water requirement of the power station.

b. Cooling of electrical and mechanical auxiliary equipment, such as, generators,

transformers, large motors, compressors and other heat exchangers through

closed circuit auxiliary cooling system using demineralised water as the

primary coolant and main circulating cooling water as the secondary coolant.

c. Make-up water requirement for power cycle (boiler make-up).

d. Water for miscellaneous services such as:

i) Firefighting systemii) General services viz. air-conditioning, ventilation, service water, dust

suppression, dust extraction etc.iii) Potable water for plant and township.

Water required for the station would be drawn from river Brahmani at Kantapal

village, Kamakhayanagar Tehsil, District Dhenkanal. Department of Water

Resources, Govt. of Odisha has accorded the approval for drawl of 80 cusec of

water including 2 cusec of water for the construction of Power Plant, from Brahmini

river for the proposed Power Plant, vide letter No.8647 dt. 11.04.2016.

The estimated consumptive water requirement for the 3x800 MW capacity station is

at 5707 m3/hr (~55.6 cusecs). The estimates are based on adoption of a cycle of

concentration (COC) in the circulating cooling water circuit as 7.0 and the specific

water consumption to maximum of 2.5 m3/Mwh as per MoEF&CC notification dt.

07.12.2015.

The total demand between Samal Barrage and proposed intake point has been

calculated as 1642 MCM. Likewise, the demand of d/s Intake point (Non Monsoon)

is 795 MCM.

CHAPTER – 4

ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE

STATUS

Chapter-4: Environmental Baseline Status 4-1

CHAPTER-4

ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE STATUS

4.1 INTRODUCTION

The quality of water is always attributed to the physical, chemical and biological

characteristics. In natural condition, characteristics of water including its fauna and

flora respond to the seasons, geographic and topographic features of the drainage

area and under geographical conditions it varies in time and space. Land use/land

cover of the catchment have also a considerable impacts on the water quality, thus

changes in the land use are anticipated to have immense impacts on the physical

and chemical characteristics of water (Azrina et al., 2003) and inevitably responded

by biotic communities like algae, macro-invertebrates and fish.

This section outlines the details of the data collected as a part of the field studies

conducted during Monsoon season (July-August 2018) for various aspects of

Environment listed as below:

Meteorology Water Quality Aquatic Ecology Fish & Fisheries

4.2 METEOROLOGY

The project area of the proposed project experiences semi-arid climate characterized

by hot summer, pleasant cold winter and general dryness throughout the years,

except during monsoon season. The year can be divided into four seasons. The

summer season lasts from March to about middle of June, followed by the south-

west monsoon season from mid-June to the end of September. The months of

October and November constitute the post monsoon or transition period. The winter

season lasts from December to February. Meteorological data for 1981-2001

collected at nearest IMD Centre at Angul was collected and observations are

summarized in the following paragraphs.

Temperature

Generally, April and May are the hottest period of the year, with an average

maximum temperature of about 39.9oC. With the onset of monsoons, there is a

steady drop in the temperature. December is generally the coolest month of the year,


with mean minimum temperature of 13.8oC. The month wise variations of maximum

and minimum temperatures are shown in Figure-4.1.

Figure-4.1: Month wise variation of maximum and minimum temperatures

Rainfall

The annual average rainfall in the project area is 1277.5 mm. The average number

of rainy days (i.e. days with more than 3.5 mm rainfall) in a year is 60.4. About 90%

of the rainfall is received under the influence of south-west monsoons. The rainfall in

post-monsoon months accounts for about 5% of the total annual precipitation. The

rainfall in winter and pre-monsoon seasons accounts for about 5% of the total annual

rainfall. The month wise rainfall received and no. of rainy days in the project area

district is depicted in Figure-4.2.

0

10

20

30

40

Tem

pera

ture

(oC)

Months

Temperature(oC) Maximum

Temperature(oC) Minimum


Figure-4.2: Month wise rainfall pattern

Winds

The winds are generally light with an increase in force in summer and the south-west

monsoons. The main wind direction in the Brahmani basin is between Southeast and

Northwest during the first half of the monsoon seasons. In the Second half of the

monsoon season, the wind direction is between West and Northwest. The wind

velocity varies from about 1 km/hr to 2.3 km/hr. The mean wind speed recorded at at

Angul station is 1.7km/hr.

Humidity

The humidity is generally low throughout the year, except during monsoon months,

when relative humidity is close to 90%. The summer months are generally the driest

months of the year with relatively humidity in afternoons being less than 19%. The

monthwise variations in humidity are shown in Figure-4.3.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Rain

fall

(mm

)

MonthsRainfall (mm) No. of rainy days


Figure-4.3: Month wise variations in humidity in the project area district

The average meteorological conditions in the project area district are summarized in

Table-4.1.

Table-4.1: Average meteorological conditions in the project area district

Month Temperature (oC) Rainfall(mm) No.ofrainydays

Relativehumidity (%)

Windvelocity(km/hr)Maximum Minimum At

8.30At17.30

January 28.7 14.2 8.5 0.7 73 55 1February 32 16.8 16 1.1 69 49 1.4March 36.1 19.9 28.4 1.7 69 47 1.6April 39.6 24.2 35.4 2.3 67 45 1.9May 39.9 25.5 81.8 4.1 66 48 2.3June 36.7 25.1 194.6 8.6 71 63 2.3July 32.7 24 282.6 12.2 80 74 2.1August 31.8 23.6 303.5 13 81 77 2.1September 32.4 23.5 205.4 10.6 79 76 1.5October 32.7 21.4 93.4 4.8 74 67 1.2November 30.6 17.4 23.4 1.1 70 59 1.2December 28.6 13.8 4.6 0.2 70 57 1.2Average 33.5 20.8 72 60 1.7

Total 1277.5 60.4

Source: IMD

4.3 WATER QUALITY

Water Quality Monitoring was conducted in Brahmani river at 7 locations in the

month of July 2018. The proposed water intake location is about 90 km d/s of Samal

0

20

40

60

80

100

Hum

idity

(%)

Months

Relative humidity (%) At 8.30 Relative humidity (%) At 17.30


barrage on river Brahmini. Water samples were collected from locations downstream

as well as upstream locations from the intake point. The location details of sampling

sites are given in Table-4.2 and depicted in Figure-4.4.

Table-4.2: Details of sampling sites

Sampling Sites Name of the Site Coordinates

S1 Intake Site 20048’12” N; 85024’15” ES2 Kantiokateni 20045’43’’ N; 85030’23’’ ES3 Brahmani Bridge 20044’50’’ N ; 85033’20 ’’ ES4 Sogar 20045’16’’ N ; 85035’49’’ ES5 Kantapal 20045’00’’ N ; 85036’23’’ ES6 Nuapada 20048’50’’ N ; 85038’46’’ ES7 Dankabila 20049’48’’ N ; 85042’34’’ E

Figure-4.4: Water Quality and Aquatic Ecological Sampling Location Map

Physical and Chemical Characteristics

Land use land cover in the close proximity of the present study area is of mixed type,

which is characterised by farm practices, sparse settlement and open and scrub

forest. River stretch fall in the slow moving zone, therefore, water current velocity

was recorded to be less than 1.00 m/s (Table-4.3) in monsoon season. River is

already regulated in upstream area, which was reflected in the physical characters of


water and regular fluctuation is generally observed in the water level of Brahmani

river. The variation in the turbidity of water (as last three sites recorded considerably

high turbidity) can be attributed to the rainfall during monsoons.

The pH level in various water samples ranged from 8.0 to 8.15, indicating alkaline

nature of water. The EC level ranged from 137.60 to 154.40 µS/cm which is indicator

of low TDS level. The Dissolved Oxygen (DO) level ranged from 6.0 to 6.60 mg/l,

which indicates the absence of pollution sources. It also means that discharge in

river Brahmani is quite high, which dilutes the pollution loading and results in high

DO level, which is generally the trend in monsoon season, when river carries

maximum flow. The BOD value ranged from 0.6 to 2.9 mg/l in the study area. The

BOD level indicates there is no source of pollution in the study area. Optimum

ranges of Electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity and

hardness were recorded from river water.

Bicarbonates were main constituents of total alkalinity while calcium was main ions

of hardness. The concentrations of sulphate, sodium and potassium were within

desirable limits. The Chloride level ranged from 24 to 27.0 mg/l, which is well below

the permissible limit of 200 mg/l, specified for drinking water purposes. The sulphate

level ranged from 8.76 to 10.23mg/l, which is well below the permissible limit of 200

mg/l.

The total hardness level ranged from 48.0 mg/l to 57.0 mg/l. The hardness at all the

sampling locations was lower than the Alkalinity level, which indicates that the entire

hardness can be attributed to carbonates. The Alkalinity level in excess of hardness

level can be attributed to bicarbonate ions. The iron level in water ranged from 0.42

to 0.87 mg/l.

In the trace heavy metals cadmium, mercury, and lead are toxic metals. In the

present study cadmium at a few sites, Iron and copper were recorded at higher

sides, however, attributes of these metals are known in Brahmani river. Rath et al

(2016) also recorded high concentrations of these metals from the present study

area. The concentrations of lead was recorded to be below detectable limit. The

details of parameter-wise results are presented in Table-4.3.


Table-4.3: Physico-chemical characteristics of Brahmani River

Parameters S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7

Water currentvelocity (m/s)

0.63 0.87 0.00 0.91 0.8 0.75 0.76

Temperature (0C) 32.00 31.00 30.00 31.00 32.00 31.50 32.00Turbidity (NTU) 7.05 12.36 50.9 13.78 37.80 42.00 46.00pH 8.11 8.04 8.05 8.15 8.00 8.12 8.09Dissolved Oxygen(mg/l)

6.30 6.60 6.00 6.40 6.30 6.40 6.32

BOD, (mg/l) 1.1 1.5 1.2 0.8 2.9 0.9 0.6ElectricalConductivity (µS/cm)

139.10 137.60 135.20 143.80 152.60 146.20 154.40

TDS (mg/l) 94.80 93.70 90.30 98.50 102.30 97.50 104.50Salinity (mg/l) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Total Alkalinity (mg/l) 44.00 36.00 34.00 40.00 36.00 34.00 37.00Total Hardness(mg/l)

56.00 50.00 48.00 52.00 54.00 51.00 57.00

Calcium Hardness(mg/l)

35.70 29.40 33.60 31.50 33.60 29.60 33.40

Calcium (mg/l) 14.3 11.77 13.46 12.62 13.46 11.84 13.36MagnesiumHardness (mg/l)

20.3 20.6 14.4 20.5 20.4 21.40 23.60

Magnesium (mg/l) 4.93 5.01 3.5 4.98 4.96 5.20 5.73Chlorides (mg/l) 25.00 25.00 26.00 24.00 26.00 25.00 27.00Sulphates (mg/l) 10.23 10.30 9.43 9.18 9.09 8.80 8.76Fluorides (mg/l) 0.36 0.18 0.24 0.46 0.86 0.29 0.48Phosphates as PO4-P (mg/l)

0.23 0.21 0.33 0.18 0.11 0.09 0.08

Nitrates as NO3-N(mg/l)

2.76 2.82 2.46 2.18 2.32 2.15 2.08

Potassium (mg/l) 1.43 1.32 1.66 1.22 1.32 1.45 0.98Sodium (mg/l) 4.24 3.86 4.14 3.86 4.40 4.03 3.78Manganese (mg/l) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1Arsenic (mg/l) <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1Copper (mg/l) 0.049 0.037 0.031 0.026 0.032 0.031 0.025Iron (mg/l) 0.60 0.87 0.42 0.42 0.67 0.85 0.74Nickel (mg/l) 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02Lead (mg/l) ND ND ND ND ND ND NDZinc (mg/l) 0.017 0.012 0.041 0.018 0.076 0.036 0.044

Some of the parameters like turbidity, copper, iron and faecal coliforms exceeded the

desirable limit. High turbidity at a few sites can be attributed to the sediments being

carried along with runoff. Hence, water quality of Brahmani river in the study area is

generally good and comparable with the drinking water quality standards. The

drinking water quality standards are given in Table-4.4.


Table-4.4: Drinking water quality standards (IS: 10500:2012)

Characteristics *Acceptable PermissibleLimit in theabsence ofAlternate Source

Turbidity (units on NTU scale) 1 5Colour (Units on platinum cobalt scale) 5 15Taste and Odour Agreeable AgreeablepH 7.0 to 8.5 No RelaxationTotal Dissolved Solids (mg/l) 500 2000Total hardness (mg/l) (as CaCO3) 200 600Chlorides as Cl(mg/l) 250 1000Sulphates (as SO4) 200 400Fluorides (as F) (mg/l) 1.0 1.5Nitrates (as NO3) (mg/l) 45 No RelaxationCalcium (as Ca) (mg/l) 75 200Magnesium (as Mg) (mg/l) 30 100Iron (as Fe) (mg/l) 0.3 No RelaxationManganese (as Mn) (mg/l) 0.1 0.3Copper (as Cu) (mg/l) 0.05 1.5Zinc (as Zn) (mg/l) 5 15Phenolic compounds (as phenol) (mg/l) 0.001 0.002Anionic detergents (as MBAS) (mg/l) 0.2 1.0Mineral Oil (mg/l) 0.5 No RelaxationArsenic (as As) (mg/l) 0.01 0.05Cadmium (as Cd) (mg/l) 0.003 No RelaxationTotal Chromium (as Cr) (mg/l) 0.05 No RelaxationCyanides (as CN) (mg/l) 0.05 No RelaxationLead (as Pb) (mg/l) 0.01 No RelaxationSelenium (as Se) (mg/l) 0.01 No RelaxationMercury (total as Hg) (mg/l) 0.001 No RelaxationPolynuclea Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)(mg/l)

0.0001 No Relaxation

Notes: *1. The figures indicated under the column `Acceptable’ are the limitsup to which water is generally acceptable to the consumers

4.4 BIOTIC COMMUNITIES

Detailed aquatic ecological survey was conducted by Centre for Inter-Disciplinary

Studies for Mountain and Hill Environment (CISMHE), University of Delhi at 7

locations in the study area during monsoon season of 2018. Detailed aquatic

ecological survey has been conducted by Centre for Inter-Disciplinary Studies for

Mountain and Hill Environment (CISMHE), University of Delhi at 7 locations in the

study area during monsoon season of 2018. Biotic communities comprised algae

(phytoplankton, phytobenthos), macrophytes, zooplankton, macro-invertebrates and


fish fauna. Of these biotic communities density and diversity indices were calculated

for plankton and benthic communities (Table-4.5). River water was found to be rich

in biotic communities except macro-invertebrate communities, which showed low

densities at sites S1, S3, S4 and S5. However, low densities at these sites can be

attributed to non-availability of suitable substrata. In the plankton communities,

zooplankton comprised less that 10% of total plankton. Shannon’s diversity indices

showed lower values for zooplankton and macro-invertebrates. Phytoplankton was

relatively most diverse community.

Table-4.5 Densities and diversity indices of different biotic communities inBrahmani river in the study area

ParametersSampling sites

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7

Phytoplankton

Density (cells/l) 1664 1880 2012 1876 2144 2654 2422Shanon’s DiversityIndex 1.3885 1.3599 1.4152 1.3146 1.3053 1.3205 1.3898Phytobenthos

Density (cells/cm2) 2248 2018 1808 1778 1618 1602 1598Shanon’s DiversityIndex 1.2474 1.2228 1.2325 1.0715 1.2188 1.2993 1.3280Zooplankton

Density (indiv./l) 105 122 134 128 178 96 105Shanon’s DiversityIndex 0.4562 0.6235 0.8564 0.8842 0.6457 0.7568 0.9864Macroinvertebrates

Density (indiv./m2) 00 1977 155 111 22 828 574Shanon’s DiversityIndex 00 0.3336 0.5765 0.3464 00 0.5556 0.4943

4.4.1 Phytoplanktons

Phytoplankton comprised of cyanophyceae (Blue gren algae), chlorophyceae (green

algae) and bacillariophyceae (diatoms). A total of 62 taxa of phytoplankton were

recorded from Brahmani river, of which diatoms comprised 46 taxa (Refer Table-

4.6). No considerable variation was found between different sites in the algal

composition. In the filamentous form of algae, Aphanocapsa, Chroochoccus minor,

Spyrogyra parvula, Pediastrum tetras and Selenastrum minutum were most common

species, however, none of them dominated planktonic algal community (>10%). In

the non-filamentous form, Achnanthes gibberula, Cymbella pusilla, Fragilaria


capucina, Gomphonema parvulum, Navicula pupula, Navicula radiosa, Stauroneis

anceps, Synedra ulna, Navicula halophila, Cymbella affinis, Fragilaria pinnata, etc.

were most common taxa, recorded from all sampling sites. Among these common

taxa later three taxa accounted for more than 10% at many sites.

Majority of the found in Brahmani river seems to be indicators of moderate water

quality. The taxa like Navicula radiosa, Fragilaria pinnata, Navicula halophila and

Cymbella affinis are generally found in disturbed conditions like regulated river, sand

mining etc.

Table-4.6: Species composition and relative abundance of phytoplanktons

SNo.

TaxaSampling sites

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7

Cyanophyceae

1 Aphanocapsa sp. 0.73 0.53 0.77 1.01 0.31 1.07 0.712 Microcystis sp. 0.00 0.32 1.73 2.01 0.08 0.00 0.183 Chroochoccus minor 0.98 0.00 0.58 0.80 0.31 0.36 0.184 Spirulina major 0.98 0.21 1.54 0.40 0.23 0.71 0.185 Phormidium ambigum 0.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.00 0.006 Anabaena constricta 0.73 0.32 1.54 0.40 0.31 1.78 0.717 Oscillatoria sp. 0.49 0.21 1.35 2.01 0.31 1.95 0.00

Chlorophyceae

8 Spyrogyra parvula 0.49 1.49 0.58 1.01 0.55 2.13 1.249 Cosmarium laeve 0.98 1.60 2.31 2.21 0.70 1.42 1.77

10 Cosmarium granatum 0.00 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.89 0.3511 Pediastrum tetras 1.46 0.32 1.54 1.81 0.78 0.18 0.5312 Selenastrum minutum 0.49 0.75 1.54 0.00 0.16 0.53 0.7113 Desmodesmus sp. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 0.08 0.53 1.41

14 Scenedesmusquadricauda 1.46 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

15 Stigeocloniumattenuatum 0.49 0.85 1.35 0.00 0.16 0.71 0.53

16 Ulothrix sp. 1.22 0.64 1.35 1.81 0.31 0.36 1.24Bacillariophyceae

17 Achnanthes exigua 0.49 0.00 0.19 0.80 1.72 3.37 4.5918 Achnanthes gibberula 7.80 5.32 5.58 3.62 3.76 2.66 4.5919 Achnanthes inflata 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.71

20Achnanthes lanceolatavar. rostrata 0.98 3.19 3.27 0.80 0.94 1.07 0.71

21Achnantheslemmermanni 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.18

22Achnanthesminutissima 0.00 0.32 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.35

23 Caloneis silicula 0.49 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

24Cocconeis placentulavar. euglypta 1.95 2.13 0.77 1.61 0.16 0.89 0.00


SNo.

TaxaSampling sites

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7

25Cyclotellameneghiniana 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.08 0.00 0.00

26 Cymbella affinis 5.37 14.27 11.92 24.95 16.28 19.18 15.5527 Cymbella brehmii 0.24 1.28 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0028 Cymbella pusilla 0.49 0.85 1.15 1.61 0.94 0.18 0.7129 Cymbella reinhardtii 1.71 0.96 1.54 2.41 2.19 1.24 0.3530 Cymbella ventricosa 0.00 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.7131 Diploneis ovalis 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.3532 Fragilaria capucina 2.68 1.49 3.27 3.42 6.03 1.60 1.4133 Fragilaria pinnata 15.85 11.71 8.08 4.43 6.49 9.95 6.1834 Fragilaria rumpens 0.00 0.11 0.19 0.00 0.16 0.18 0.18

35

Gomphonemalongiceps var.subclavata 1.46 1.17 1.54 0.80 0.63 0.36 1.24

36Gomphonemaolivaceum 0.98 1.81 1.35 1.41 1.33 1.95 1.06

37Gomphonemaparvulum 4.39 3.73 4.62 4.63 2.50 1.78 2.47

38Gomphonemasphaerophorum 0.00 0.75 0.77 0.80 1.10 0.36 0.88

39 Hantzschia amphioxys 1.46 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.35

40Hantzschia amphioxysvar. vivax 0.49 0.85 0.38 0.20 0.16 0.53 1.24

41 Melosira juergensii 2.20 0.32 0.19 0.00 0.08 0.36 0.3542 Navicula cari 2.20 2.34 2.88 1.61 3.36 1.78 3.8943 Navicula halophila 6.59 13.31 12.12 5.43 8.06 15.45 12.1944 Navicula pupula 3.17 3.73 4.23 4.63 5.71 3.02 5.4845 Navicula radiosa 10.98 6.18 6.35 4.43 6.42 2.49 1.5946 Navicula viridula 1.46 2.88 2.50 2.62 5.24 2.84 3.1847 Nitzschia acuta 0.00 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.36 0.7148 Nitzschia capitellata 1.46 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.53

49Nitzschia denticulavar. curta 0.98 0.75 0.00 0.40 0.16 0.53 0.18

50 Nitzschia fonticola 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.00

51Nitzschiagandersheimiensis 0.00 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.35

52Nitzschia lorenzianavar. subtilis 0.24 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

53Nitzschiamicrocephala 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

54 Nitzschia palea 3.41 4.05 2.50 5.43 7.20 6.93 9.0155 Nitzschia sinuata 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.18 0.3556 Pinnularia interrupta 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.53 0.7157 Pleurosigma salinarum 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.36 0.7158 Stauroneis anceps 1.95 2.88 1.35 2.62 2.19 0.53 1.2459 Surirella capronii 0.49 0.96 0.58 0.00 1.33 2.66 3.36


SNo.

TaxaSampling sites

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7

60 Synedra acus 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.16 0.00 0.0061 Synedra rumpens 0.00 0.75 1.35 0.40 0.55 0.36 0.1862 Synedra ulna 6.10 1.60 3.27 5.84 9.62 2.66 2.47

4.4.2 Phytobenthos

Likewise phytoplankton, benthic algae also comprised of cyanophyceae (Blue gren

algae), chlorophyceae (green algae) and bacillariophyceae (diatoms). A total of 57

taxa of different forms of benthic algae was recorded from Brahmani river, of which

diatom community was most diverse and comprised 44 taxa (Refer Table-4.7). In the

blue green and green algae, the taxa like Aphanocapsa sp., Microcystis sp.,

Phormidium ambigum, Oscillatoria sp., Spyrogyra parvula, Pediastrum tetras,

Selenastrum minutum and Scenedesmus quadricauda were observed from all sites

but none of the species accounted for more than 10% of total density at a particular

site.

In diatom communities, Cymbella affinis, Cymbella brehmii, Cymbella ventricosa,

Fragilaria pinnata, Gomphonema parvulum, Navicula halophila, Navicula pupula

were most common benthic algae of Brahmani river, of which, Fragilaria pinnata,

Cymbella affinis, and Navicula halophila were abundant at many sites. No major

variation in the species composition was observed between planktonic and benthic

communities.

Table-4.7: Species composition and relative abundance of phytobenthos

S.No.

TaxaSampling Sites

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7

Cyanophyceae

1 Aphanocapsa sp. 1.53 0.78 0.00 2.04 1.03 1.28 1.022 Microcystis sp. 1.38 1.24 0.67 3.57 0.74 0.96 1.183 Chroochoccus minor 0.15 0.00 0.00 1.02 0.74 1.12 0.514 Phormidium ambigum 0.46 0.62 1.68 2.04 1.76 0.48 0.005 Anabaena constricta 0.31 0.00 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.686 Oscillatoria sp. 1.07 1.40 4.03 7.65 0.44 0.64 1.02

Chlorophyceae

7 Spyrogyra parvula 1.38 1.09 2.01 5.10 0.59 1.12 1.028 Cosmarium laeve 0.92 1.09 1.68 0.00 0.15 0.32 0.179 Pediastrum tetras 0.46 0.62 2.35 3.06 0.15 0.16 0.17

10 Selenastrum minutum 1.38 1.09 1.68 1.53 0.59 0.16 0.00

11 Scenedesmusquadricauda 1.99 0.78 2.35 5.61 0.74 1.12 1.02

12 Stigeoclonium 0.00 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.29 2.25 1.35


S.No.

TaxaSampling Sites

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7

attenuatum13 Ulothrix sp. 1.22 0.31 1.34 3.57 0.29 0.80 0.68

Bacillariophyceae

14 Achnanthes gibberula 7.95 10.39 5.70 0.00 1.03 0.96 1.35

15

Achnantheslanceolata var.rostrata 0.31 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.00 0.00

16Achnantheslemmermanni 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

17Achnanthesminutissima 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.00

18 Caloneis silicula 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

19Ceratoneis arcus var.linearis 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.76 1.44 3.05

20Cocconeis placentulavar. euglypta 0.31 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.48 0.68

21Cyclotellameneghiniana 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.48 0.00

22 Cymbella affinis 1.99 11.94 11.41 13.78 22.06 17.66 15.4023 Cymbella brehmii 4.13 3.72 1.01 0.51 2.06 1.77 0.8524 Cymbella pusilla 2.60 1.86 4.36 0.00 6.32 6.10 8.2925 Cymbella ventricosa 1.83 1.86 2.01 1.02 1.03 0.32 0.6826 Fragilaria capucina 0.00 0.31 8.05 1.02 1.76 1.12 1.1827 Fragilaria pinnata 5.96 8.84 11.07 24.49 12.94 14.45 9.8128 Fragilaria rumpens 0.00 1.24 0.00 0.00 1.03 1.44 1.35

29Gomphonemasphaerophorum 1.07 0.16 0.00 0.51 0.29 0.00 0.17

30

Gomphonemalongiceps var.subclavata 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.24 4.17 2.37

31Gomphonemaolivaceum 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.24 4.17 6.09

32Gomphonemaparvulum 3.67 5.27 7.38 6.63 8.38 9.79 11.34

33Hantzschiaamphioxys 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.48 0.34

34Hantzschiaamphioxys var. vivax 0.00 0.00 0.34 0.00 0.44 0.64 0.85

35 Navicula bacillum 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.16 0.0036 Navicula cari 1.07 2.17 1.34 0.00 1.32 1.77 2.71

37Navicula dicephalavar. sphaerophora 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

38 Navicula grimii 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0039 Navicula halophila 29.82 19.38 9.73 7.14 10.29 3.53 5.2540 Navicula pupula 5.66 3.41 5.70 7.14 4.85 7.06 5.5841 Navicula radiosa 2.75 7.44 4.36 0.00 1.76 3.05 3.55


S.No.

TaxaSampling Sites

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7

42 Navicula viridula 1.99 1.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.6843 Nitzschia capitellata 2.60 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

44Nitzschia denticulavar. curta 0.15 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.48 0.68

45 Nitzschia fonticola 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

46Nitzschia lorenzianavar. subtilis 0.15 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

47 Nitzschia palea 7.34 6.51 0.00 1.02 0.29 0.32 0.1748 Nitzschia romana 0.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.1749 Nitzschia subtilis 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.1750 Stauroneis 0.46 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.3451 Stauroneis anceps 1.83 0.31 0.00 0.51 0.00 0.96 0.6852 Stauroneis palustris 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.48 0.6853 Stauroneis thermicola 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.1754 Synedra acus 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0055 Synedra famelica 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.6856 Synedra rumpens 1.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.03 1.12 1.3557 Synedra ulna 0.61 2.79 9.40 0.51 5.44 4.01 4.57

4.4.3 Macrophytes

Macrophytes are generally undermined in aquatic studies as compared to fish fauna.

Probably, it can be attributed their less economic importance. The macrophytes,

however, play major role in structuring the aquatic communities, habitat

heterogeneity, providing ecological niches to macro-invertebrates, fish and birds,

maintaining nutrient cycle and food webs, and by affecting the physical and chemical

properties of water (Thomaz and Cunha, 2010).

On the other hand, overgrowth of alien and invasive have various environmental

consequences like rapid depletion of dissolved oxygen due to the synergistic effects

of rapid deposition of organic matter from senescing leaves, low growth of

phytoplankton due to shading effects, interference with atmospheric oxygen,

decreases aesthetics, wildlife and avifaunal habitability - and the overall ecology and

socioeconomics (Evans, 2008; Shah and Reshi, 2012).

During the present survey a total of 16 macrophytes species belonging to 12 families

were recroded from Brahmani river in study area. Most of the species were alien as

reported by Shah and Reshi (2012). Hydrilla verticillata, Eichhornia crassipes,

Potamogeton octandrus, and Potamogeton filiformes were dominant macrophyte


species. Though, overgrowth of these plants were not found in the Brahamani river.

Among the macrophyte species, Pistia stratiotes, Ceratophyllum demersum,

Hydrilla verticillata and Eichhornia crassipes are considered to globally invasive

species. Notably, macrophyte species prefer sallow water to grow, thus, reduced

flow in Brahmani river can provide a conducive environment of invasive species.

The Macrophyte species resulted from Brahmani river at various sampling sites are

given in Table-4.8.

Table-4.8: Macrophyte species recorded from Brahmani river

Family Scientific Name LocalName

Habitat Status

Poaceae Panicumpaludosum

- Amphibious Native

Poaceae Saccharumspontaneum

- Amphibious Native

Amaranthaceae Alternantherasessilis

MadarangaSaga

Marshy Exotic

Polygonaceae Persicaria barbata Pani Saga Amphibious NativeAponogetonaceae Aponogeton

natansGhechu Submerged Exotic

Araceae Pistia stratiotes Bora jhanji Free floating ExoticAzollaceae Azolla microphylla Chuni Dala Free Floating NativeCeratophyllaceae Ceratophyllum

demersumSivara Submerged Exotic

Haloragaceae Myriophyllumtetrandrum

- Submerged Native

Hydrocharitaceae Blyxaechinosperma

- Submerged Native

Hydrocharitaceae Hydrilla verticillata ChingudiaDala

Submerged Exotic

Pontederiaceae Eichhorniacrassipes

Bilati Dala Free Floating Exotic

Lemnaceae Lemna perpusilla Duckweed Free Floating ExoticLemnaceae Spirodela polyrhiza Duckweed Free Floating ExoticPotamogetonaceae Potamogeton

octandrusFixed floating Native

Potamogetonaceae Potamogetonfiliformes

Fixed Floating Exotic

4.4.4 Zooplanktons

Zooplankton communities of Brahamani river was less diverse as compared to that

of phytoplankton communities. It comprised rotifers, cladocerean and copepod

groups. Rotifers were relatively abundant, however, many species of copepods and


tiny zooplankton could not be identified. In the rotifers, Brachionus falcatus,

Brachionus patalus, Keratella procurva, Lepadella ovalis, Lepadella patella, Lecane

ludwigii, Lecane bulla and Filina longiseta were common and relatively dominant

species. Cladocera was represented predominantly by Daphnia similis and

Simocephalus sp. while dominant species of copepod included Diaptomus spp., and

Mesocyclps etc.

4.4.5 Macro invertebrates

Distribution and diversity of macro-invertebrates largely depend on the nature of

substratum, present in the river bed. River Brahmani within study area traverses in

slow moving zone and the river substratum mainly comprises sand, which does not

provide a conducive niche for macro-invertebrates. The present study revealed the

presence of 15 taxa belonging to 6 orders. Density and diversity of macro-

invertebrates recorded at different sites in Brahmani river are summarised in Table-

4.9. Common macro-invertebrate species of Brahmani river within study area are

shown in Plate-2. Insects and molluscs were recorded to have almost equal diversity

in Brahmani river. At site S1 the density of macro-invertebrates was nil, which can be

attributed to lack of suitable substratum. Similarly, due to lack of suitable sampling

site Site S5 recorded very low density. Fenneropenaeus indicus (Indian Prawn) was

recorded from Site S2. It is generally free swimming decapods, however, here it was

found in benthic form. Baetis and Lymnaea palustris were relatively common taxa in

Brahmani river.


Alternanthera sessilis Eichhornia crassipes (Water Hycinth)

Hydrila verticillata Potamogeton octandrus

Potamogeton filiformes Persicaria barbata

Dominant macrophyte species recorded from Brahmani river


Table-4.9: Density of macro-invertebrates at different locations

Order/Family Genus Sampling Sites

Ephemeroptera S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7

Baetidae Baetis 0 1578

78 0 0 496 177

Caenidae Caenis 0 0 22 0 0 33 00Coleoptera

Dytiscidae Copelatus 0 56 0 0 0 0 0Elmidae 0 22 0 0 0 11 0Diptera

Chironomidae Ablabesmyia 0 0 33 0 0 56 275

Ceratopogonidae Culicoidesvariipennis

0 11 0 0 0

Decapoda

Penaeidae Fenneropenaeusindicus

0 22 0 0 0 0 0

Neotaenioglossa

Thiaridae Tarebia granifera 0 22 0 0 0 0 0Hydrobiidae Fontigens

nickliniana0 0 11 0 0

Pleuroceridae Elimia virginica 0 0 0 22 0 33 0Bithyniidae Bithynia tentaculata 0 0 0 0 22 0 11Basommatophora

Lymnaeidae Lymnaea palustris 0 244 0 78 0 166 100

Lymnaeidae Lymnaea utahensis 0 22 0 0 0 22 0Planorbidae Promenetus

exacuous0 0 11 0 0 00 00

Planorbidae Planorbulaarmigera

0 0 0 11 0 11 11

Density (indiv./m2) 0 1977 155 111 22 828 574


Baetis Caenis

Fenneropenaeus indicus Bithynia tentaculata

Tarebia granifera Promenetus exacuous

Common macro-invertebrate species recorded during survey


4.5 FISH AND FISHERIES

4.5.1 Fish Species composition

Estimation of water flows required for sustaining the aquatic biodiversity in modified

rivers due to regulated flow is a significant challenge. Fish habitat requirements are

an essential aspect of the estimation of environmental flows. Therefore, data on fish

and fisheries was gathered with the help of primary survey and secondary literature.

Primary surveys included the sample fishing carried out as a part of the study at

various locations and the information collected from local fishermen and local fish

market.

During the primary survey, a total of 14 species were recorded from various locations

in the study area. Inventory of fish species including their size and IUCN status,

recorded from study area during primary survey are summarised in Table-4.10.

Table 4.10: Fish species recorded from study area during primary survey

Family Species Common Name Status(IUCN)

Max Sizerecorded (incm)

Cyprinidae Barilius barila Barred Baril LC 7.4Cyprinidae Cirrihinus mrigala Mrigal LC 23.5Cyprinidae Catla Catla LC 37.0Cyprinidae Danio devario Danio NE 8.0Cyprinidae Labeo bata Bata Labeo LC 27.0Cyprinidae Puntius sophore Spot Fin Barb LC 8.3Cyprinidae Pethia ticto Fire Fin Barb LC 7.6Cyprinidae Chela bacaila Chela Minnow LC 7.8Cobitidae Lepidocephalus

gunteaGuntea Loach LC 11.5

Siluridae Wallago attu Wallago Cat Fish NT 43.0Pangasiidae Pangasius

pangasiusPangas Cat Fish LC 49.5

Ambassidae Chanda nama Elongate GrassPerchlet

LC 36.0

Channidae Channa punctatus SpottedSnakehead

NE 21.5

Mastacembe-lidae

Mastacembelusarmatus

Spiny Eel LC 32.0

Source: Primary Survey

LC = Least Concern, NT = Near Threatened, NE = Not Evaluated

The species spotted from different sites included Puntius sophore, Chela bacaila,

Barilius barila, Labeo bata, Catla catla (Catla), Chanda nama, Pangasius pangasius,


Cirrihinus mrigala, Pethia ticto, Danio devario, Channa punctatus, Wallago attu,

Mastacembelus armatus and Lepidocephalus guntea. In terms of density Puntius

sophore, Chela bacaila and Barilius barila etc were abundant species from study

area, however, capture fishery largely depends on Labeo spp., Catla catla,

Pangasius pangasius and Wallago attu.

Large sized fish visiting to the proposed study area during monsoon season are

Labeo gonius, Labeo rohita, Sperata aor, Sperata seenghala, Wallago attu,

Pangasius pangasius, Bagarius bagarius, Channa punctatus, Channa striatus,

Channa marulius etc. Their sizes in freshwater of Odisha ranges from 100 to 300 cm

(Mogalekar and Canciya, 2018). Wallago attu (Wallago Cat Fish) and Pangasius

pangasius (Pangas Cat Fish) were largest fish species spotted during the primary

survey. Fish breeding and spawning grounds were not observed during the survey in

the study area.

Secondary literature referred for the study of fisheries in Brahmini river included Das

et al. (2016) and other relevant literature. Das et al (2016) studied a larger area of

Brahmani river, however, only those species were included in this chapter, which

recorded from the adjacent sites of present study area. In addition, Interaction with

local people was made and the vernacular names of fish species inhabiting the study

area revealed by people were confirmed by using literature like Das et al (2016) and

others. Each species was assessed for its conservation status using IUCN red data

list (2018.1).

A total of 51 species are reported to inhabit the study area. These species are

grouped under 16 families. Cyprinidae is largest families accounting for about 35% of

the total species. The data indicated that Brahmani river is rich in fish fauna,

harbouring small to large size fish. The composition of fish species from Study Area

of river Brahmani are given in Table-4.11.

Table-4.11: Fish species composition from study area of Brahmani river


SizeMaximum(in cm)

Schilbeidae Ailia coila Gangetic Ailia NT 30.0Cyprinidae Amblypharyngodon

molaMola Carplet LC 20.0

Ariidae Arius gagora Gagora Cat Fish NT 91.4



SizeMaximum(in cm)

Cyprinidae Aspidoparia morar Morari Ray FinnedFish

LC 20.0

Nandidae Badis badis Blue Perch LC 5.0Sisoridae Bagarius bagarius Goonch NT 200.0Cyprinidae Barilius barila* Barred Baril LC 10.0Cyprinidae Catla catla* Catla LC 50.0Ambassidae Chanda nama* Elongate Grass

PerchletLC 70.0

Channidae Channa marulius Great Snakehead LC 183.0Channidae Channa punctatus* Spotted

SnakeheadNE 100.0

Channidae Channa striatus Asian Snakhead NE 100.0Cyprinidae Chela bacaila* Chela Minnow LC 18.0Cyprinidae Cirrihinus mrigala* Mrigal LC 99.0Schilbeidae Clupisoma garua Garua Bachacha LC 70.0Cyprinidae Crossocheilus

latiusStone Roller NE 15.2

Cyprinidae Danio devario* Danio NE 8.0Sisoridae Erethistes pussilus Moth Cat Fish LC 4.2Schilbeidae Eutropiichthys

muriusMarius Vacha LC 28.0

Schilbeidae Eutropiichthysvacha

River Cat Fish LC 34.0

Gobiidae Glossogobius giuris Goby Fish NE 50.0Clupeidae Gudusia chapra Indian river shad LC 20.0Cyprinidae Labeo bata* Bata Labeo LC 61.0Cyprinidae Labeo calbasu Black Rohu LC 90.0Cyprinidae Labeo gonius Kuria Labeo LC 150.0Cyprinidae Labeo rohita Rohu LC 200.0Cobitidae Lepidocephalus

guntea*Guntea Loach LC 15.0

Mastacembelidae

Macrognathuspancalus

Barred Spiny Eel LC 18.0

Mastacembelidae

Mastacembelusarmatus*

Spiny Eel LC 90.0

Bagridae Mystus bleekeri Day's Mtstus LC 15.5Bagridae Mystus cavasius Gangetic Mystus LC 40.0Bagridae Mystus vittatus Striped Dwarf Cat

FishLC 21.0

Nandidae Nandus nandus Gangetic Leaffish LC 20.0Notopteridae Notopterus

notopterusThe bronzefeatherback

LC 60.0

Siluridae Ompokbimaculatus

Indian Butter CatFish

NT 45.0

Siluridae Ompok pabda Pabdah Cat Fish NT 30.0



SizeMaximum(in cm)

Cyprinidae Osteobrama cotio LC 15.0Pangasiidae Pangasius

pangasius*Pangas Cat Fish LC 300.0

Ambassidae Parambasis ranga Indian Glassy Fish LC 8.0Ambassidae Parambassis lala Glassy Perchlet NT 3.8Cyprinidae Pethia conchonius Red Barb LC 14.0Cyprinidae Pethia ticto* Fire Fin Barb LC 10.0Schilbeidae Psedeutropius

atherinoidesSchilbid Cat Fish LC 15.0

Cyprinidae Puntius sarana Olive Barb LC 42.0Cyprinidae Puntius sophore* Spot Fin Barb LC 20.0Cyprinidae Securicula gora Gora Chela LC 24.5Bagridae Sperata aor Long Whiskered

Cat FishLC 180.0

Bagridae Sperata seenghala Giant River CatFish

LC 150.0

Tetraodontidae Teiodon cutcutia OcellatedPufferfish

LC 15.0

Siluridae Wallago attu* Wallago Cat Fish NT 240.0Belonidae Xenentodon

cancilaNeedle Fish LC 40.0

Source: Secondary data sources Species observed during primary survey also LC = Least Concern, NT = Near Threatened, NE = Not Evaluated

Puntius sophore (Sopt Fin Barb) Chela bacaila and Barilius barila (BarredBaril)


Labeo bata Catla catla (Catla)

Chanda nama (Elongate Grass Perchlet) Pangasius pangasius (PangasCatfish)

Dominant fish species of Brahmani river within study area

Conservation Status

Majority of fish species reported in the area falls in least concern category as per

IUCN red data list (2018.1). None of the species is categorised as ‘critically

endangered’, ‘endangered’ and ‘vulnerable’. A total of 7 species are evaluated as

‘near threatened’ category, of which Wallago attu is one of the species contributing

to capture fishery in the region.

4.5.2 Fisheries

A small scale sustenance fishing activities were observed at different locations of the

study area of Brahmani river. Brahmani Bridge is a major location, where 5-10

fishermen were found to engage in fishing activities. Other important fishing points

observed during the survey were Kontapal village (Intake site), Kontio village


(downstream of intake site) and Kotapal. During the survey fishermen were

interviewed with respect to fishing methods, fishing license, and fish catch. Small

sized fish are landed with the help of cast net while gill nets are used to land large

sized fish. Generally small boats are used to fix the gill nets. Average fish catch

ranges from 3 to 10 kg/fisherman/day within study area. Capture fishery mainly

comprises Labeo bata, Catla catla (Catla), Chanda nama, Pangasius pangasius,

Puntius sophore, Chela bacaila and Barilius barila.

CHAPTER – 5

ASSESSMENT OF

ENVIRONMENTAL FLOW

Chapter-5: Assessment of Environmental Flow 5-1

CHAPTER-5

ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS

5.1 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS

Generally, diversion of water from a river is anticipated to lead the adverse impacts

on the water quality including its physical, chemical and biological characteristics,

fish fauna and fisheries activities. These changes occur for long time and self-

purifying capacity of water is adversely affected. In the downstream section, where

outfall of sewage and agricultural runoff is foreseen, the diluting capacity of water

decreases; as a result concentrations of organic pollutants increase. Any structure

across a river interrupts the longitudinal connectivity, which in turn, leads to

fragmentation of water and hampers the migration of fish species, especially large

sized fish species. If the migratory route of fisheries is curtailed, it can be attributed

to the low fisheries activities and adverse impacts on the livelihood of fishermen

communities.

The magnitude of the impacts outlined above largely depend on the size, nature and

design of the intake structure, and the amount of the water proposed for the

diversion. The proposed study envisages drawal of 80 cusec (2.3 cumec) of water

from Brahmani river to meet the water requirements of the 2400 MW Thermal Power

Project proposed at Kamakhyanagar Tehsil, district Dhenkanal Odisha. The

proposed intake location is about 90 km d/s of Samal Barrage. The total flow

available at proposed intake point considering the releases from Samal barrage and

flow from intervening catchment is 2674.31 MCM. The total water requirement

between Samal Barrage to intake location including irrigation, domestic and

industrial allocations have been estimated as 1562 MCM and water requirement for

proposed Thermal Power Plant would be 80 MCM. Hence the total water

requirement for OTPCL project is 2.3 cumec, which is about 4.87% of the

requirement for irrigation, domestic other uses. The diversion of 2.3 cumec of the

water is not anticipated to lead significant adverse impacts on the water quality, algal

composition, macro-invertebrates, ichthyofauna and fisheries activities. In addition,

intake structure is not designed across the river and would not act as an obstacle in

the path of fish movement. Longitudinal connectivity of Brahmani river, therefore,

would remain intact in this stretch of the river.


5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS AND BIOTIC COMMUNITIES

The modification in flow in the river for the purpose of human use influences the

ecological, economic and social dimensions of local people associated with river

waters. Environmental flow is directly linked not only to the maintaining the

ecosystem integrity in downstream but to fulfil the human needs (drinking,

agriculture). The concept of environmental flow is essentially attributed to the

uninterrupted flow in the river and to maintain the longitudinal connectivity.

Longitudinal connectivity is necessary for the movement of nutrients, sediments and

biotic communities. Environmental flow to maintain the good status of water quality in

downstream primarily targets the water quality and ecological status including

phytoplankton, phytobenthos, macrophytes, macro-invertebrates, fish, etc.

5.3 SELECTION OF TARGET FISH SPECIES

In order to determine the environmental flow in Brahmani river with respect to the

construction of proposed Odisha Thermal Power Project a detailed study of target

groups has been carried out in this contribution from ecological point of view. It

included qualitative and quantitative aspects of these target groups. In term of

biomass fish are important target group in the present scenario. Brahmani river is

rich in fish fauna and harbours small, medium and large sized fish species. It can be

assumed that the environmental flow targeting large sized fish species would

essentially suffice the small sized organisms like plankton, phytobenthos and small

sized fish species.

The present study was carried out during July-August 2018 over a river stretch of

nearly 40 km. The width of the river in the study area varies from 800- 1400 m.

However, water spread area is normally restricted to about 200 m except monsoon

season and rest of the riverbed doesn’t support the biotic community. The data on

biotic community including fish and fisheries was collected with the help of primary

and secondary sources. A total of 14 species were recorded during the survey.

Target biota may be threatened species including fish and macro-invertebrates

and/or those species which may affect the livelihood of people. In the study area of

Brahmani river none of the species is ‘vulnerable’, ‘endangered’ and ‘critically

endangered’ under IUCN red data list. However, a total of 7 species are categorized

under ‘near threatened’ category. In addition, there are a few species like Catla catla

(Catla), Wallago attu (Wallago Cat Fish), Pangasius pangasius (Pangas Cat Fish)


and Labeo spp. are largest and dominant fish species and major fishery in the study

are depends on these species. Hence, Labeo spp., Wallago attu and Pangasiuspangasius were found to be the most suitable species for the estimation of

Environmental Flows in Brahmani river considering the drawal of water for the

proposed Thermal Power Plant. Habitat suitability of species largely relies in the

depth of water column, water current, velocity, and water temperature, etc. While

estimating the environmental flow, these parameters are necessarily taken into

account as physical habitat requirements. These habitat requirements of Labeo spp.

and other cat fish can be used for fish of Brahmani river as baseline data for

environmental flow.

5.4 RELEASE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS

The purpose of water sustainability study is to quantify the impact of drawl of water

on aquatic ecology and fisheries and to determine the demand of in stream users

and environmental flows, considering the drawl of water for the proposed Thermal

Power project from Brahmini river.

The Building Block Methodology has been used in the present study to formulate a

synthetic hydrograph which must satisfy the water requirements in the river for

maintaining a desired condition. The hydrograph simulates the natural conditions in

the river to fulfill the different flow regimes present through out the year. The

identification and incorporation of these important flow characteristics will help to

maintain the river’s channel structure, diversity of the physical biotopes and

processes.

There will be significant adverse impacts on riverine ecology, which needs to be

ameliorated through the release of Environmental Flows.

The requirements of Environmental flows considered are:

Irrigation water requirements Drinking water requirements Flow required to maintain water quality Flow required to sustain riverine ecology including fisheries

The total demand between Samal barrage and proposed intake point has been

calculated as 1642 MCM. Likewise, the demand of d/s Intake point (Non Monsoon)

is 795 MCM.


The month wise average discharge available in Brahamni River at Samal Barrage

in Year 2002-03 is given in Table-5.1 and the average seasonal flow in the river is

given in Table-5.2.

Table-5.1: Monthwise average discharge available in Brahamni River at SamalBarrage in the year 2002-03

Month Average Flow (cumec)

June 261.19July 371.86August 580.94September 993.06October 273.30November 177.08December 134.78January 95.58February 118.22March 207.21April 287.81May 306.90

Table-5.2: Average seasonal flow in Brahmani River d/s Samal Barrage

Season (Months) Average Flow (cumec)

d/s SamalBarrage

Intake Location

WithoutOTPCL

requirement

WithOTPCL

requirement

Non Monsoon Season (Nov - May) 189.65 102.31 100.01

Criteria for Sustenance of Target Fish Species

The minimum depth requirements are for Bangana Dero, Cirrhinus Cirrhosis, Labeo

Callbasu, Labeo Fimbriatus, and Wallagao attu are given in Table-5.3.

Table-5.3: Minimum Depth Requirements*

S. No. Season Depth Requirement (m)

For Target Fish Species

1. Monsoon season 1.2 – 1.52. Lean Season 0.53. Non-monsoon Non-lean season 0.9 – 1.0*Literature ReviewReduction in water depth and flow width should not be more than 50% of pre-project

levels. Pre-project water depth and water width are assessed by reviewing the

results of 100% release scenario.

As a part of the study, analysis has been done for non-monsoon season considering

the worst case scenario.


HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING

Methodology

1-D mathematical model has been developed for assessing the changes in hydraulic

parameters corresponding to design flood. The model is based on the solution of St.

Venant’s equation of continuity and momentum. US Army Corps of Engineers,

Hydrologic Engineering Centre software HECRAS, which is in public domain, has

been used to carry out the studies.

Boundary Conditions

Steady Flow Simulation has been done with normal depth at the downstream section

as boundary condition.

Manning’s ‘N’ Value

Bed of main channel at the study area is granular sand and that of flood plains are

consisted of silt mixed with sand. Value of Manning’s ‘n’ has been adopted as 0.04.

Model Studies

Steady state simulation runs have been carried out with the 1-D mathematical model

with Environmental flows proposed to be released in various seasons. The results of

steady simulation runs for minimum flow in various seasons for year 2002-03 without

and with OTPCL project are given in Tables-5.4 and 5.5 respectively.


Table-5.4: Depth of flow on the basis of average flow for Brahmani River-Without OTPCL Project

RiverStation Q Total

DeepestBed Level

WatersurfaceElevation

Depth ofFlow Velocity Flow Area Top Width

(m3/s) (m) (m) (m) (m/s) (m2) (m)

XS-1 0 102.31 44.56 46.49 1.93 0.15 670.15 638.78XS-2 -6717.1 102.31 44.2 45.3 1.1 0.48 212.67 320.98XS-3 -12492 102.31 39.54 41.41 1.87 0.22 460.85 447.16XS-4 -17921 102.31 38.72 40.5 1.78 0.37 274.22 492.52XS-5 -23341 102.31 37.22 38.01 0.79 0.25 401.3 907.09XS-6 -26197 102.31 35.98 36.7 0.72 0.26 392.6 971.9XS-7 -30240 102.31 34.43 35.29 0.86 0.47 219.43 315.46XS-8 -34600 102.31 32.25 33.5 1.25 0.2 502.55 1019.84XS-9 -38646 102.31 31.42 32.7 1.28 0.16 635.69 1125.47XS-10 -42299 102.31 31.14 31.96 0.82 0.41 246.71 445.28XS-11 -47362 102.31 27.82 28.96 1.14 0.29 349.21 618.51XS-12 -54746 102.31 24.78 26.31 1.53 0.43 239.67 273.74XS-13 -67631 102.31 20.42 21.9 1.48 0.34 297.08 427.42XS-14 -76347 102.31 18.05 19.13 1.08 0.26 388.42 819.22

Table-5.5: Depth of flow on the basis of average flow for Brahmani River-With OTPCL Project


DeepestBed Level



(m3/s) (m) (m) (m) (m/s) (m2) (m)

XS-1 0 100.01 44.56 46.48 1.92 0.15 661.6 637.86XS-2 -6717.1 100.01 44.2 45.29 1.09 0.48 209.69 320.45XS-3 -12492 100.01 39.54 41.39 1.85 0.22 453.79 444.86XS-4 -17921 100.01 38.72 40.49 1.77 0.37 269.85 489.16XS-5 -23341 100.01 37.22 38.01 0.79 0.25 395.91 906.95XS-6 -26197 100.01 35.98 36.69 0.71 0.26 386.5 965.54



DeepestBed Level



(m3/s) (m) (m) (m) (m/s) (m2) (m)

XS-7 -30240 100.01 34.43 35.28 0.85 0.46 216.6 315.2XS-8 -34600 100.01 32.25 33.49 1.24 0.2 495.62 1017.44XS-9 -38646 100.01 31.42 32.69 1.27 0.16 624.35 1121.61XS-10 -42299 100.01 31.14 31.95 0.81 0.41 242.93 443.15XS-11 -47362 100.01 27.82 28.95 1.13 0.29 343.81 616.2XS-12 -54746 100.01 24.78 26.29 1.51 0.42 235.53 270.84XS-13 -67631 100.01 20.42 21.89 1.47 0.34 292.5 425.55XS-14 -76347 100.01 18.05 19.12 1.07 0.26 381.65 811.08

The water depth at various x-section without and with OTPCL project in various seasons are shown in Figure-5.1

Figure-5.1: Water depth at various x-section with and without OTPCL project

-200 0 200 400 600 800

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

50

52

54

56

58

60

Brahmani XS-1

Station (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)

Legend

WS w/o

Ground

Bank Sta

Water Levels at XS-1 without project (meeting upstreamdemand)

-200 0 200 400 600 800

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

50

52

54

56

58

60

Brahmani XS-1

Station (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)

Legend

WS with

Ground

Bank Sta

Water Levels at XS-1 with project


-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

50

52

54

56

58

Brahmani XS-2

Station (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)

Legend

WS w/o

Ground

Bank Sta

Water Levels at XS-2 (6717 m d/s) without project (meetingupstream demand)

-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

50

52

54

56

58

Brahmani XS-2

Station (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)

Legend

WS with

Ground

Bank Sta

Water Levels at XS-2 (6717 m d/s) with project

-800 -600 -400 -200 0 20030

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

50

52

54

Brahmani XS-3

Station (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)

Legend

WS w/o

Ground

Bank Sta

Water Levels at XS-3 (12491 m d/s) without project(meeting upstream demand)

-800 -600 -400 -200 0 20030

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

50

52

54

Brahmani XS-3

Station (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)

Legend

WS with

Ground

Bank Sta



-600 -400 -200 0 200 400

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

50

52

Brahmani XS-4

Station (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)

Legend

WS w/o

Ground

Bank Sta


-600 -400 -200 0 200 400

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

50

52

Brahmani XS-4

Station (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)

Legend

WS with

Ground

Bank Sta


-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

50

52

Brahmani XS-5

Station (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)

Legend

WS w/o

Ground

Bank Sta

Water Levels at XS-5 (23341m d/s) without project (meetingupstream demand)

-400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

50

52

Brahmani XS-5

Station (m)E

leva

tion

(m)

Legend

WS with

Ground

Bank Sta

Water Levels at XS-5 (23341m d/s) with project


-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

50

Brahmani XS-6

Station (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)

Legend

WS w/o

Ground

Bank Sta


-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

50

Brahmani XS-6

Station (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)

Legend

WS with

Ground

Bank Sta


-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

50

Brahmani XS-7

Station (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)

Legend

WS w/o

Ground

Bank Sta

Water Levels at XS-7 (30240m d/s) without project (meetingupstream demand)

-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

50

Brahmani XS-7

Station (m)E

leva

tion

(m)

Legend

WS with

Ground

Bank Sta

Water Levels at XS-7 (30240m d/s) with project


-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

Brahmani XS-8

Station (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)

Legend

WS w/o

Ground

Bank Sta


-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

Brahmani XS-8

Station (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)

Legend

WS with

Ground

Bank Sta


-600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 100020

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

Brahmani XS-9

Station (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)

Legend

WS w/o

Ground

Bank Sta


-600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 100020

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

Brahmani XS-9

Station (m)E

leva

tion

(m)

Legend

WS with

Ground

Bank Sta



-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 120020

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

Brahmani XS-10

Station (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)

Legend

WS w/o

Ground

Bank Sta


-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 120020

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

Brahmani XS-10

Station (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)

Legend

WS with

Ground

Bank Sta


-200 0 200 400 600 800 100018

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

Brahmani XS-11

Station (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)

Legend

WS w/o

Ground

Bank Sta


-200 0 200 400 600 800 100018

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

Brahmani XS-11

Station (m)E

leva

tion

(m)

Legend

WS with

Ground

Bank Sta



-400 -200 0 200 400 600

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

Brahmani XS-12

Station (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)

Legend

WS w/o

Ground

Bank Sta

Water Levels at XS-12(54746 m d/s) without projectmeeting upstream demand

-400 -200 0 200 400 600

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

Brahmani XS-12

Station (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)

Legend

WS with

Ground

Bank Sta

Water Levels at XS-12(54746 m d/s) with project

-800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 40010

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

Brahmani XS-13

Station (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)

Legend

WS w/o

Ground

Bank Sta


-800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 40010

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

Brahmani XS-13

Station (m)E

leva

tion

(m)

Legend

WS with

Ground

Bank Sta



-600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

Brahmani XS-14

Station (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)

Legend

WS w/o

Ground

Bank Sta


-600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

Brahmani XS-14

Station (m)

Ele

vatio

n (m

)

Legend

WS with

Ground

Bank Sta



The variation in the velocity and depth at various cross-sections in various seasons

without OTPCL project are given in Table-5.6.

Table-5.6: Variation in the velocity and depth during Non-Monsoon season

Variation in Velocity at different X-section (m/s)

Variation in Depth at different X-section (m)

Without abstractionfor OTPCL Project

With abstractionfor OTPCL Project

Without abstractionfor OTPCL Project

With abstractionfor OTPCLProject

0.15-0.48 0.15-0.48 0.72-1.93 0.71-1.92

It could be concluded from Tables-5.6, that there shall be negligible variation in water

depth and velocity due to proposed withdrawal for OTPCL project; however for the

sustenance of aquatic biota sufficient water depth are available even after meeting the

water demand of 80 cusec (2.6 cusec) for OTPCL project.

CHAPTER – 6

CONCLUSION

Chapter-6 : Conclusion 6-1

CHAPTER-6

CONCLUSIONS

6.1 CONCLUSIONS

The Brahmani river water is rich in terms of phytoplankton, phytobenthos and fish

species diversity. High biodiversity in the river is evident as per the primary data

(plankton, phytobenthos) and secondary data (fish). The species composition of

phytoplanktons, phytobenthos and macroinvertebrates also indicate the presence of

moderate water quality.

The algal taxa like Navicula radiosa, Fragilaria pinnata, Navicula halophila and

Cymbella affinis are generally found in disturbed conditions like regulated river, sand

mining etc. the low diversity of macroinvertebrates especially insect fauna can be

attributed to non availability of suitable substrata in Brahmani river. The river water is

inhabited by many large sized fish species. Though, during the primary survey none

of the species were recorded to be more than 50 cm. Wallago attu and Pangasius

pangasius were largest individuals in the study area of Brahmani river.

Upstream section of Brahmani river is regulated for hydroelectric project, however,

the impacts of river regulation could not be evidenced during the survey.

As per the runoff data available with Water Resources Department, State

Government of Odisha 90% dependable flow of the base year 2002-2003 has

considered for the assessment of water availability d/s of Samal Barrage. The

proposed intake location is about 90 km d/s of Samal Barrage. The total flow

available at proposed intake point considering the releases from Samal barrage and

flow from intervening catchment is 2674.31 MCM. The total water requirement

between Samal Barrage to intake location including irrigation, domestic and

industrial allocations have been estimated as 1562 MCM and water requirement for

proposed Thermal Power Plant would be 80 MCM. The total water requirement for

OTPCL project is 2.3 cumec, which is about 4.87% of the requirement for irrigation,

domestic other uses. The variation in the velocity and depth at different x-section in

various season without OTPCL project are given in Table-6.1.

Chapter-6 : Conclusion 6-2

Table-6.1: Variation in the velocity and depth during Non-Monsoon season

Variation in Velocity at different X-section

(m/s)

Variation in Depth at different X-section

(m)

Without abstraction

for OTPCL Project

With abstraction

for OTPCL Project

Without abstraction

for OTPCL Project

With abstraction

for OTPCL Project

0.15-0.48 0.15-0.48 0.72-1.93 0.71-1.92

Based on results of HECRAS model, it could be concluded that there shall be

negligible variation in water depth and velocity due to proposed drawl of water for

OTPCL project. However, for sustenance of aquatic biota sufficient water depth are

available even after meeting the demand of OTPCL project.

Hence, it can be concluded that the water available in Brahmini river d/s of intake

point for OTPCL project would be sufficient for maintain d/s ecological and other

water requirements including industrial, agriculture and drinking purposes even in the

lean season. Further, it may be noted that November and December are the

harvesting season in Odisha and therefore irrigation requirement would be

negligible, which will further enhance the water availability for sustaining the

ecological needs during the lean season.

WAPCOS LIMITED76 C, Sector 18, Gurgaon - 122015, Haryana, INDIA

Tel. +91-124-2397396, Fax. +91-124-2397392

Website: www.wapcos.co.in

CONTENTSCONTENTS

MITIGATIVE WILD LIFE MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR

THERMAL POWER PLANT OF ODISHA THERMAL POWER CORPORATION LTD.

NEAR KAMAKHYANAGAR IN DHENKANAL DISTRICT OF ODISHA.

ODISHA THERMAL POWER CORPORATION LTD. (A Government of Odisha Undertaking)

3rd Floor, Setu Bhavan, Plot-3(D), OBCC Building, Nayapally, Bhubaneswar-751012

Sl. No.

Title Page No.

Executive Summary i-v 01 Chapter-1 - Introduction to the area, background information,

methodology adopted for study. 1-27

02 Chapter-2 - Study report of impact of the project on the environment in general, nature of threats and flora & fauna and technique adopted for study.

28-37

03 Chapter-3 - Objectives of Management and strategies to mitigate and minimize the adverse impact so observed.

38-39

04 Chapter-4 - Management strategies within the project area, the financial forecast, annual work programme and annual outlay for each component of work with financial requirements.

40-63

05 Chapter-5 - Proposed Management strategies within the project impact area, the financial forecast, annual work programme and annual outlay for each component of work and cumulative total of interventions proposed project area and project impact area.

64-102

06 Chapter-6 – Maps/appendices/plans/ relevant orders from Annexure I to V and Annexures of interventions of project area/project impact area as Annexure-A(I) to A(II) and B-(I) to B-(XI) , REFERENCE

103-104

List of Annexures 01 Annexure-I– Relevant Govt. orders for setting up Thermal Power

Project through joint venture company by OHPC & OMC. 105-107

02 Annexure-II– Copy of minutes of meeting dt. 04.01.2011 under the Chairman ship of Chief Secretary, Odisha for discussion in connection with setting of a Coal based Thermal Power Plant at Kamakhyanagar & meeting dt. 30.03.2011 of Board of Directors of OTPCL for finalization of the unit size of the project.

108

03 Annexure-III– Letter No. J-13012/43/2012-IA.II(T) dt. 05.03.2013 of MoEF, prescribing TOR for EIA/EMP study and environmental clearance.

109-114

04 Annexure-IV– Copy of letter No. J-13012/43/2017.II (T) dt. 29.01.2018 of MoEF & CC requiring for submission of additional informations including preparation of wildlife management plan and be vetted by the Chief Wildlife Warden, Odisha.

115-116

05 Annexure-V–Copy of Online submission of Forest Diversion Proposal bearing No. FP/OR/THE/29588/2017 & State Serial No. OR-062/2017 dt. 24.10.2017 for Diversion of 38.098ha of Forest land for the main Plant.

117

06 Annexure-VI- Village profile & Demographic structure of 30 revenue villages (out 84 villages and hamlets) located in the project area & project impact area.

118

07 Annexure-VII– Extracts of latest approved working plan of Dhenkanala Division indicating prescriptions for management of forests in the project impact area.

119-120

08 Annexure-VIII- Copy of ash Management plan 121-135

CONTENTS

2

Sl. No.

Title Page No.

09 Annexure-A-(I)–The details of cost norms for 3 tier green belt development with plantation technique, details of design for installation of green house/poly house for raising an ideal nursery.

136-140

10 Annexure-A-(II)-Approved cost norms for Avenue Plantation on both the side of inside roads of the project area over a length of 9km.

141-143

11 Annexure-B-(I)–Approved cost norm for deployment of Wildlife Protection & anti-depredation squad with provision of hired vehicle etc.

144

12 Annexure-B-(II)-Cost estimate for awareness campaign and management of interface between man and elephant.

145

13

Annexure-B-(III) - Cost estimate for fire management in the project impact area.

146

14 Annexure-B-(III)-A- Approved Cost norm for provision of fire fighting squad with hired vehicle etc.

147

15 Annexure-B-(IV) - Approved cost norm for ANR Gap plantation with 200 plants per ha.

148-151

16 Annexure-B-(V)- Cost estimate for Five strand barbed wire fencing using RCC Post around the ANR Gap plantation

152

17 Annexure-B-(VI) - Cost estimate for construction of check dams as SMC measures across seasonal and semi perennial nalas in the project impact area.

153

18 Annexure-B-(VII)- Cost estimate for construction of Masonary Check Dam with RCC lean reinforcement in R.C.C across Indrajeet Nala.

154

19 Annexure-B-(VIII)- Cost estimates for Development of artificial Salt Licks in buffer zone.

155

20 Annexure- B-(IX) - Cost estimate for Development of Pastures in the buffer zone by sowing seeds of Stylo, Dinanath etc. and maintenance for ten years.

156

21 Annexure-B- (X)- Approved cost norm for raising plantation with 1000 nos. of plants in the light of Urban plantation norm inside Butterfly Park (Both host & nectar yielding plants).

157-160

22 Annexure-B-(XI)- Approved cost norm for raising 1000 nos. of 2 year old MFP and fruit bearing seedling for free distribution.

161-163

23 Annexure-B-(XII)-Approved cost norm for excavation of Elephant proof trench.

164-165

24 Disclosure of Consultant 166-169

PREFACE

Electricity is the prime mover of growth and is vital with sustenance of a

modern economy. The projected growth of the Indian Economy depends heavily on the performance and growth of the power sector. The contribution of Power Sector in country growth has grown significant since independence.

Wildlife is one of the most gracious gifts of nature to this land, which is

as rich in its variety and colours as it number. Wildlife Management is an age old phenomenon. Vedas contain, hymns in praise of animals with the specific God or Goddes as the best way of conservation of wildlife.

Human activities pose the greatest threat to the wildlife because human

population explosion results is enhancing need of human being with scientific progress and technological development man has started utilizing nature resources at a much larger scale.

Wildlife is considered a renewable resource and hence its conservation is

essential if we desire sustainable yield. MoEF, Govt. of India is keenly watching the action towards conservation measure and issuing guidelines from time to time.

While granting environmental clearance over an area of 1435.357 Acre or

580.881 ha for the requirement of Project of OTPC Ltd. it has laid down certain guideline and condition for conservation and protection of the endangered fauna and advised to formulate action plan in consultation with State Forest and Wildlife Deptt. Govt. of Odisha.

The team Grow Green Consortium Pvt. Ltd.(GGCPL Ltd) have undertaken

extensive studies of flora and fauna in core and impact zone of the project area extending up 10km as crow flies. GGCP Ltd. has interacted with various stake holders in the area and met with Govt. Forest officials, Revenue Officials and Project Official working in the area beside the local population. As per information available, there is hardly any man-animal conflict taken place for about couple of decades.

i

Taking all the aspects into account we have prepared the Wildlife

Management Plan as per the latest guideline, stipulated by the PCCF, (WL) and CWLW, Odisha.

Our thanks are due to Sri H. Moharatha, the then DFO Dhenkanal

Forest Division & Sri Pandab Behera IFS, RCCF Angul for their valuable guidance and sharing their thoughts with us. We convey our thanks to Sri Hemant Ku. Panda, RO, Kamkhyanagar west Range and his field Staff for their sincere cooperation in providing field informations and valuable suggestions for preparation of this plan.

We also convey our sincere thanks to Miss Rinku Kumari, IFS present

Divisional Forest officer Dhenkal Division and Sri B. Mishra Present Range officer, Kamakhyanagar west Range and Shri N. Hota for their valuable suggestion for partial modification of the plan and addition of innovative and strategic mitigative interventions in the project impact area .

We are also thankful to the then R.I. Sri Monmohan Pattaniak, R.I. of

OTPC Ltd. for his cooperation in providing field informations about the Project. Our thanks are due to Mr. I.C. Das, (Ex-CMD, OPGC) and Consultant to OTPC Ltd., Mr. P.K. Mohanty and Mr. Santanu Srichandan of OTPC Ltd. and Mr. D.K. Pattanaik, Manager (Geo) F&E cell of OMC Ltd. for their active co-operation and valuable suggestion for preparation of this plan.

Team Grow Green Consortium Pvt. Ltd. Mobile : 9437000635/9437020353 Tele fax : 0674-2725627 E-mail : [email protected]

[email protected] Website : www.growgreenindia.com

ii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. Odisha Thermal Power Corporation Limited (OTPCL), a joint venture of two

of the leading state PSUs namely Odisha Hydro Power Corporation Ltd., (OHPC) and Odisha Mining Corporation Ltd., (OMC) proposes to set up a 3x800mw capacity power plant near Kamakhyanagar in Dhenkanal District of Odisha.

2. It has been decided to setup the Thermal Power Plant using super critical technology with provision for addition of one more unit of 1 x 800 MW in future.

3. The Project area is located on Survey of India Topo sheet No. 73 H/5 and

H/9 and bounded by Latitude 20050’13.2” North and longitude 85031’14.56” East. The total Project area extends over 1435.357 Acres or 580.881ha. comprising of Govt. Forest Land. Govt. non-forestland & Tenanted land.

4. This Project on completion will provide employment to more than 1000

technical, managerial & skilled personnel. In addition to above, about 2000 semi skilled, unskilled workers would be deployed through various service contract.

5. The common species of flora present in the Project Area and its surroundings comprise of Sal, Gambhar, Mitkinia, Arjun, Harida, Bahada, Amla, Kasi, Sidha, Mai & teak (planted) etc. The general vegetation is tropophilous. The canopy density is 0.1 – 0.4.

6. The common species of Wildlife noticed in this locality are Elephant

(Migratory), Bear, Wildboar, Spotted dear, Barking deer, Jackle Monkeys, Rabit, Mongoose, Hare, Pangolin, birds like patridge, parrot, wood pecker, spotted owl, Parakeet, Common maina, and reptiles like common crait, cobra, Rat snake, python, monitor-lizard, different frogs, fishes like Rohu, Darika, Curuch, Common boral etc. The common variety of invertebrates are Bivalves, Gastropods, Shrimp, Crab, Spiders, Honey bee and common grass hopper etc.

7. No National park/wildlife sanctuary/Biosphere Reserve/ Tiger

Reserve/Elephant Reserve etc. is located within 10 km radius of the project area. However the nearest wildlife sanctuary i.e. Kapilash is located at a distance about 31 km away from the project site. The identified Maulabhanja-Jiridamali-Anantapur Elephant corridor just touches the northern boundary of the project impact zone.

I

8. Monsoon type climate is experienced in the area with moderate rainfall and temperature.

9. The Wild life both in project area and project impact area are likely to be threatened due to power plant operation and its ancillary activities. There will be loss of forest cover & habitat for wildlife, besides noise/dust pollutions, lighting and other anthropogenic pressures.

10. Moreover, the forest area is the seasonal habitat of elephants during crop season and the animal causes crop damage in almost all villages in the project impact area. There are also instances of human kill and injury due to man-elephant conflict. The important measures suggested to mitigate the threat to wildlife particularly to the elephants over the core and buffer zone are as follows :

Interventions in side Project area a) OTPC has proposed to provide twine-flue stack having height 275 meter

to limit ground level concentration of SOx, NOx etc. within acceptable limits by proper dispersion. Hence fly ash pollution will be minimum. However, there will be dust pollution due to coal handling system, loading, unloading, vehicular movement inside the plant. Therefore. 3 tier green belt plantations with regular washing of foliages have been proposed around the coal handling plant.

b) It has also been proposed to take up 95.507 ha. green belt plantation with indigenous species having wide crown inside the boundary of plant area over a length of about 9 KM. and around other installations to prevent dust, noise, light and sound pollution.

c) Proposal has been made for avenue plantation along the inside roads over a length of about 9Km. of the project area to improvement the environment.

Interventions inside Project impact area

d) The wildlife habitat in the buffer zone are proposed to be protected from forest fire, theft, grazing, other anthropogenic pressures & to improve the quality of the habitat. Action needs to be taken to improve the canopy density through Aided Natural Regeneration (ANR) at Anantapur RF with Gap plantation comprising off elephant fodder, fruit yielding species especially along the movement path of elephants.

II

e) Development of salt licks and pasture have been suggested as a part of habitat development also.

f) Provision have been made to improve the three water harvesting structure

by erecting earthen dam with masonary spill over across seasonal/perennial nala inside Sunajhari RF, Anantapur RF and Sundarakhol RF with creation of pastures and salt licks near the sites.

g) In addition, proposal has also been given for improvement of two other

water holes created under corridor development plan inside Kadalipal RF and Machia RF.

h) Provision has been kept for excavation of elephant proof trench along the

boundary line of Machhia RF to protect the human habitations from elephant depredation inside Machhia village.

i) It is also proposed to create an additional water body inside Machhia RF to

provide water to the wild elephant and to stop them entering in to the human habitation.

j) Proposal has been kept to cover and fence existing open wells inside the

project impact area for protection of wild animals particularly elephant.

k) Provision has been kept for soil and moisture conservation measures and to improve water regime in Kadalipal RF, by gully plugging.

l) It has been proposed to construct dry stone check dams across 10 nalas at

10 points located in the catchment areas of proposed water harvesting structures and 3 nos. of masonary check dams across Indrajeet nala as measure of soil and moisture conservation.

m) For conservation, protection and improvement of forests/Wild life habitat

and to prevent man-elephant conflict in the zone of influence, it has been proposed to incite the active support of local VSS/Gram Sabhas.

n) Proposal has been given for deployment of wildlife protection and anti-

depredation squad with provision of hired vehicle etc as per guideline issued by CWLW, Odisha to assist the forest staff in prevention of illicit fellings/poaching/ forest fire/grazing in the project impact zone and also to combat man-elephant conflict where ever occur. As proposed by the DFO, Dhenkanal an additional wildlife protection and anti-depredation squad have been proposed to mitigate man-elephant conflict on the south bank of river Brahmani under control of Forester, Meramundali of Dhenkanal Range.

III

o) Awareness campaign in all the Villages/Hamlets located in the Impact zone is proposed to be undertaken through the staff and wildlife protection squad by organizing meetings, street-plays, film shows and various other activities including conservation events like Vana Mahostav, Wildlife Week, World Forestry day etc.

p) Tracking of elephants to prevent man-elephant conflict has been proposed

to be initiated through Wildlife protection squad. The hired vehicle proposed to be provided to the squad shall be fitted with amenities such as search lights, flooded lights and hooters etc. to mitigate man-elephant conflict in the impact area. Besides provision has been made to supply crackers to the affected villagers to drive away elephants from crop/house raiding.

q) Provision has been made for Fire Blower, conventional fire fighting tools and fire protection squad with hired vehicle to conduct fire fighting by the staff along with the V.S.S members who will be given incentive for the work and with three other local squad constituted in the impact area.

r) Provision has been made to create Artificial Bird Nests inside Kadalipal, Sundarakhol and Sunajhari RF to rehabilitate the homeless birds due to project implementation in the forest areas.

s) In order to compensate the loss of Bio-diversity due to project implementation proposal has been made to create a Model Butterfly Park inside Dhenkal township / Kamakhyanagar NAC besides providing aesthetic pleasure to the local people and creation of awareness for conservation of biodiversity .

t) As proposed by DFO, Dhenkanal provision have been made for protection of fresh water turtle inside and on the bank of river Brahmani.

u) Besides provision have been made for protection and roosting site development of migratory Open billed storks occurring on both the banks of river Brahmani in the south of project impact zone.

v) Proposal have been made to create a Support Activities amongst the rural tribals by distribution of honey bee boxes, leaf plate machine and involving S.S.G groups for promoting vegetable marketing, preparation of Pampada & Pickels to reduce their forest dependence.

w) Besides proposal has been given for free distribution of saplings of indigenous fruit bearing and economic, other MFP species like Amla, Chara, Wild mango, Jack fruit, Mahua & Bela etc., to supplement the income of local tribal population and to conserve environment.

IV

x) It has also been proposed to provide a compassionate grant aid fund of Rs. 15.00 lakhs to be kept reserve with the DFO, Dhenkanal for immediate payment of compassionate grant aid in the event of man-animal conflict, crop & house damage and incentives to informers, staff etc. relating to habitat protection.

y) A monitoring and evaluation cell with available required infrastructure has been proposed to be established at the Divisional office for continuous monitoring and evaluation of different indicators in the core zone and zone of influence.

,

z) It has been proposed that the project proponent shall provide 4 nos of split AC at the project cost to be fitted in the Conference Hall of D.F.O., Dhenkanal Division for conducting meeting of V.S.S members/Villagers relating to man-elephant conflict and protection of habitat etc.

aa)The plan has been prepared for a period of 10 years. Interim revision may be done evaluating the result of the presumptuous. The project proponent also under take to prepare subsequent plans in continuation to this plan at least two years in advance and submitted not less than one year before expiry of the subsisting plan.

ab) The OTPCL will carry out the works proposed in this plan with respect to project area under the supervision of DFO, Dhenkanal Division, who will execute different interventions in the project impact area under the supervision and monitoring of Regional Chief Conservator of Forests, Angul.

ac) The total cost of plan including 20% extra for escalation of wage rate and

materials cost is Rs. 1558.54 lakhs out of which the OTPCL will spend Rs. 428.81 lakhs for different interventions in the project area and the balance amount of Rs. 1129.73 lakhs will be kept with the DFO, Dhenkanal Division for execution of different interventions in the project impact area.

V

1

CHAPTER -1

INTRODUCTION TO THE AREA- Background information and methodology adopted for study.

In reponse to mitigate growing demand of Power in the state and to meet the projected power requirement due to rapid industrialization, the Govt. of Odisha decided to form a point venture company between Odisha Hydro Power Corporation Ltd. (OHPC) & Odisha Mining Corporation Ltd.(OMC) both State Govt. undertakings for establishment of a large Thermal Power Plant.

In pursuance to the above decision, a joint venture company called

“Odisha Thermal Power Corporation Ltd. (OTPC)’ was established in the State of Odisha. The formation of OTPC has been as per the State Cabinets decision to set up a 2400MW Coal based Thermal Power Plant in the State of Odisha, the copy of the cabinet decision is Enclosed as (Annexure-I). Accordingly, the shareholder, agreement between OHPC and OMC was signed with the approval of the State Govt. and the terms of Agreement was incorporated in the Article of the Association.

In pursuant to decision taken by a committee of Secretaries of Govt. of

Odisha Chaired by Chief Secretary of Odisha, it was decided to implement a 3 x 800 MW= 2400 MW Super Critical Thermal Power Plant under Kamakhyanagar Tahasil of Dhenkanal District. The copy of Minutes of the Meeting (MOM) is enclosed as (Annexure-II). 1.1 Location of the Project and its Impact Area.

Odisha Thermal Power Corporation Ltd. (OTPCL) is Planning to set up a coal based 3x800MW capacity Power Project in village AnnapurnapurKhamar (Kha), Aluajharana, Anlabereni, Dhobabahali, Kusumjodi, Kateni, and Kantapala in Kamakhyanagar Tahasil of Dhenkanal District, Odisha.

Co-oridinates of the proposed plant and ash dyke. POINT LATITUDE LONGITUDE

MAIN PLANT AREA 1 20050’45.6”N 85030’40.6”E 2 85030’40.6”E 85031’29.0”E 3 20050’14.3”N 85031’43.9”E 4 20049’47.8”N 85031’38.0”E 5 20049’30.6”N 85031’14.1”E 6 20049’35.7”N 85031’03.6”E 7 20050’05.6”N 85030’37.0”E

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ASH SLURRY AND WATER CORRIDOR 8 20050’04.7”N 85030’02.3”E 9 20049’29.9”N 85029’19.8”E

ASH DYKE AREA 10 20048’56.7”N 85029’19.8”E 11 20048’25.9”N 85029’38.2”E 12 20048’58.9”N 85030’16.5”E 13 20049’35.3”N 85030’14.6”E

OTPCL COLONY 14 20048’45”N 85033’10”E

INTAKE WELL 15 20048’45”N 85028’15”E

All infrastructures of the project find place on Survey of India Topo sheet No. 73H/5 and 73H/9.

The distance between the ash dump reservoir, OTPCL colony and the intake well from the main plant area is about 0.8km, 2.5km and 8km respectively. The project site is located adjacent to the State Highway connecting Dhenkanal Town and Kamakhyanagar, the sub-divisional Headquarter of the District. The nearest rail head Dhenkanal and NH-42 connecting Sambalpur and Cuttack are located at a distance 15km. The relevant Govt. orders for setting up above power project is enclosed as Annexure-I.

Project at a Glance :

The Project : 3 x 800 MW supercritical coal based Power

Plant at Kamakhyanagar in Dhenkanal district of Odisha

Owner

: Odisha thermal Power Corporation Limited

Station Capacity : 3 x 800 MW with provision of adding one more unit of similar capacity in future.

Station Configuration : One (1) Steam Generator with one (1) Turbine Generator set for each unit.

Fuel : Initially – Coal from Mahandadi Coalfields, Odisha

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At a later stage of operation coal from allocated mines of Baitarini West and Mandakini-B coal blocks in Talcher coal field.

Daily fuel Requirement : 38901 TPD at MCR for 3 x 800 MW station.

Annual fuel requirement

: 12.07 million Te at 85% load factor for 3 x 800 MW station.

Fuel transportation : By railway.

Consumptive Water : About 6950 m3/hr will be drawn from Brahmani River for 3 x 800 MW station water resourses Deptt., Govt. of Odisha have allocated 80 cusec from river Brahmani as per letter No. dated 11.4.2016.

1.1.1 The main plant area with its other infrastructures such as ash dump reservoir, OTPCL colony and the intake well etc. comes within Kadaliapal beat and Anlabereni section of Kamakhayanagar west range of Dhenkanal forest division extending over a total area of 580.881ha.

1.1.2 PROJECT IMPACT AREA : The project impact area falls under the jurisdiction of four forest ranges of Dhenkanal Division. However, the major portion of the project impact area comprising forest blocks such as Suniamaru RF, Sunajhari RF, Machhia RF, Kadlipal RF, Sunderakhol RF and Part of Siarimali RF comes under Anlabereni, Kamakhyanagar and Muktaposi section of Kamakhyanagar West Range. The eastern portion of the impact zone comprising part of Sunajhari RF & Bhairipur RF comes under Jiral Section of Bhuban Range. The Southern fringe of the impact zone beyond Brahmani river comes under Dhenkanal Sadar Range and a part of western fringe of the impact zone without any forest blocks comes under Dihadola section of Mahavir road Range. The list of Forest blocks coming within the impact zone is furnished below in a tabular form with approximate area.

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Sl. No.

Name of the forest Block

Status Area in ha approximately

Name of the range

1 Sundarakhol RF Reserve Forest 2206.42ha Kamakhyanagar west 2 Kadalipal RF Reserve Forest 246.00ha Kamakhyanagar west 3 Suniamaru RF Reserve Forest 1855.20ha Kamakhyanagar west 4 Anlabareni RF Reserve Forest 502.2ha Kamakhyanagar west 5 Machia RF Reserve Forest 279.0ha Kamakhyanagar west 6 Kankeli RF(P) Reserve Forest 59.753ha Kamakhyanagar west 7 Siarimalia RF(P) Reserve Forest 15.782ha Kamakhyanagar west 8 Sunajhari RF(Part) Reserve Forest 2764.966ha Bhuban 9 Bhairapur RF(Part) Reserve Forest 229.302ha Bhuban

1.1.3 Extent of Project Area.

Village wise forest area (Revenue forest) involved in the main plant area and its ancillary infrastutures is are under.

Sl. No.

Name of the Village Name of the Tahasil

Area of forest land

in Ac

Area in Ha

1 Kusumajodi Kamakhyanagar 11.900 4.816

2 Annapurnapur Khamar (Kha)

Kamakhyanagar 40.510 16.394

3 Aluajharan Kamakhyanagar 7.050 2.853 4 Kateni Kamakhyanagar 33.460 13.541 5 Kantapala Kamakhyanagar 0.850 0.344 6 Dhobabahali Kamakhyanagar 0.370 0.150 7 Anlabereni Kamakhyanagar 0.000 0.000 Total 94.140 38.098

Total project area comes to 580.881 ha, the component wise land requirement for different infrastructures are furnished below.

ITEM WISE BREAKUP OF LANDUSE

SL No

Items of the project

Name of Village Private land

Non forest Govt. land

Forest Land

Total

1 Main Plant Kusumajodi 197.910 7.060 10.760 215.730

Annapurnapur Khamar

(Kha) 318.855 152.600 20.760 492.215

Aluajharan 1.100 0.450 7.050 8.600

Sub-Total 517.865 160.110 38.570 716.545

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SL No

Items of the project

Name of Village Private land

Non forest Govt. land

Forest Land

Total

2 Ash pond Annapurnapur Khamar (Kha 97.430 11.970 13.970 123.370 Kateni 25.720 283.692 33.460 342.872

Sub-Total 123.150 295.662 47.430 466.242 3 Raw water

corridor Kantapal 45.550 1.610 0.850 48.010 Dhobabahali 5.890 2.370 0.370 8.630 Annapurnapur Khamar (Kha) 1.530 9.630 3.980 15.140

Sub-Total 52.970 13.610 5.200 71.780 4 Ash slurry &

water corridor Annapurnapur Khamar (Kha)

28.530 4.510 1.800 34.840

5 Enabling area/ R&R Colony

Kusumajodi 23.400 2.460 1.140 27.000

6 Township Anlabereni 74.320 44.630 - 118.950 TOTAL 820.235 520.982 94.140 1435.357

1.1.4 The proposed land use pattern of the project and its other

infrastructures are furnished below in a tabular form. The pattern has been designed to accommodate project activities and ancillary use like ash dump, colony etc. to utilize barest minimum forest land, non-forest govt. land with acquisition of minimum private land.

Sl. No.

Item of Project

Name of village Pvt. Land (in

Ac.)

Non-forest land

(in Ac.)

Forest land (in Ac.)

Total (in Ac.)

Total (in Ha.)

1 Main plant

Kusumajodi 197.910 7.060 10.760 215.730 87.304 AnnapurnapurKhamar (Kha)

318.855 152.600 20.760 492.215 199.196

Aluajharana 1.100 0.450 7.050 8.600 3.480 Total 517.868 160.110 38.570 716.545 289.981

2 Ash pond Arnapurnapur Khamar(Kha)

97.430 11.970 13.970 123.370 49.927

Kateni 25.720 283.692 33.460 342.872 138.758 Total 123.150 295.662 47.430 466.242 188.685

3 Raw Water corridor

Kantapal 45.550 1.610 0.850 48.010 19.429 Dhobabahali 5.890 2.370 0.370 8.630 3.492 ArnapurnapurKhamar(Kha) 1.530 9.630 3.980 15.140 6.127 Total 52.970 13.610 5.200 71.780 29.048

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Sl. No.

Item of Project

Name of village Pvt. Land

(in Ac.)

Non-forest land

(in Ac.)

Forest land (in Ac.)

Total (in Ac.)

Total (in Ha.)

4 Ash slurry & Water Corridor

Arnapurnapur Khamar (Kha)

28.530 4.510 1.800 34.840 14.099

5 Enabling area/R &R Colony

Kusumjodi 23.400 2.460 1.140 27.000 10.926

6 Town ship Anabareni 74.320 44.630 118.950 48.138 Total in Ac. 820.235 520.982 94.140 1435.357 73.163

Grand Total in Ha. 580.881

ITEM WISE BREAK UP OF LAND USED IN 3X800MW COAL

BASED THERMAL POWER PLANT

Sl. No.

Unit Description Govt. Non Forest land

(in Ac.)

Govt. Forest Land

(in Ac.)

Pvt. Land

(in Ac.)

Total Acre Ha.

FACILITIES INSIDE POWER PLANT BOUNDARY 1 3 x 800 MW STG

Building & Tr. Yard 3.64 0.00 17.32 20.961 8.483

2 Steam Generator & Auxiliaries

20.63 0.00 26.92 47.546 19.242

3 Chimney 6.42 0.00 2.09 8.517 3.447 4 Switch Yard 13.06 0.00 56.73 69.785 28.242 5 Ash Handling

System & FGD 0.92 0.00 6.61 7.536 3.050

6 Water Treatment System

11.97 0.00 6.24 18.208 7.369

7 Cooling Water System

26.23 0.75 24.30 51.286 20.755

8 Coal System, MGR & Water Reservoir

32.82 2.04 173.29 208.153 84.238

9 Rain Water Harvesting Pond

2.98 0.00 1.32 4.304 1.742

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Sl. No.

Unit Description Govt. Non Forest land

(in Ac.)

Govt. Forest Land

(in Ac.)

Pvt. Land

(in Ac.)

Total

Acre Ha.

10 Fire Station/Security 0.00 0.00 7.70 7.705 3.118 11 Green Belt 39.17 35.78 161.15 236.100 95.548 12 Misc BOP Facilities,

Stores & Roads 2.27 0.00 34.18 36.444 14.749

Sub Total 160.11 38.57 517.86 716.545 289.982 1.1.5 Status of Forest Diversion Proposal and Environmental clearance.

1.1.5.1 OTPCL has submitted Forest Diversion Proposal online vide Proposal

No.FP/OR/THE/29588/2017 and State Serial No. OR-062/2017 dt. 24.10.2017 for diversion of 38.098ha. of forest land for the main plant. The proposal is pending at the level of Divisional Forest Officer, Dhenkanal Division for scrutiny and compliance of observations made by his Office. (Annexure- V).

1.1.5.2 The work of Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental

Management Plan study have been entrusted to M/s MECON Ltd., Ranchi an organization accredited by Quality Council of India (QCI) National Accreditation Board for Education & training (NABET).

The study report and plan submitted to MoEF on 18.1.2014 in persuance

to letter No. J-13012/43/2012-IA-II(T) dt. 5.3.2013 (Annexure- III) and subsequent letter dt. 8.11.2016.

The project report was placed before the 6th & 14th EAC meeting of MoEF

& CC on 29.5.2017 & 12.1.2018. The EAC sought certain additional information which was communicated vide MoEF & CC letter No. J-13012/43/2017.II (T) dt. 29.1.2018 (Annexure-IV). In the above letter MoEF & CC advised us to prepare Wildlife Management Plan be vetted by the Chief Wildlife Warden in para 3(ii) alongwith three other additional information for further action at their end.

1.1.5.3 Therefore in view of the above compliance this mitigative wildlife

management plan is prepared for grant of Environmental clearance for the project.

1.2 Villages and habitations Demogrphic and occupational profile of

village within Project area and Project impact area.

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1.2.1 There are some 30 nos. Revenue villages and 54 nos. of hamlets which

exists in the impact zone. The over all population of the study area is 1,35,874 as per 2011 census with population density of 432 persons per sqkm. Of these 51.3% are male & 48.7% female. The study area in thinly populated with a polation density of 432. Sex rating is 948.7 female per 1000 male There are 22.32% SC and 11.89% ST population exist area & literancy rate is moderat 69.9%. The detail demographic structures of 30 villages (collected from Dhenkanal district website as per 2001 census and 2011 census) is furnished at Annexure –VI.

1.2.2 The zone of influence is mainly inhabitated by farmers. Agriculture is the main livelihood of these people. Paddy is the main crop cultivated during Kharif season only. Paddy is grown in about 83% of GCA and 17% is used for production of other crops such as groundnut and vegetables. Cultivation of Rabi crops like Biri, Mung, Arhar etc and Vegitable or commercial crops are very rare. There are a good number of Mango orchards raised by Private people in the zone of influence. The people cultivate vegetable for their domestic purposes. Cattle rearing and Poultry are also part of village life. No small and large scale industry have been set up in the impact zone. The villages depend upon their neighbouring forest for collection of fire wood, small timber and other MFP & fuel wood for their bonafied use and trade purpose. About 875 nos. of families in 6 nos. of villages depend on NTFP collection for their livelihood. NTFP such as Mahua flower, and seeds (Tola), Sal seeds, Kenduleaf, a variety of edible roots, tubers, shoots and flowers etc are generally collected for their domestic uses and trading purposes. They manufacture sal leaf plates and cups for trade purpose in an organized manner. Presently the forests are being managed under joint Forest Management Programme by constituting Vana Sanarakhyan Samitee at some villages by the local forest authorities.

Collection of edible NTFP such as Mahua flowers, Myrobolams, Kendu, Char, Tubers, leaves etc deprive wildlife from forage of such products.

1.2.3 Most of the households rear cattle which include cows, buffaloes, goats etc are allowed to graze in the forest area freely. The total cattle population in the villages inside the project area and its zone of influence is around 10,000 nos.

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1.3 Description of Topography

The area exhibits a plain topography with gentle slopes in south direction with varying elevations from 60mts (Minimum) occurring to South and 80mtrs(Maximum) occurring to the North above MSL. However the overall slope is from North to South. The Zone of Influence (ZI) i.e. 10km radius from the plant area contains many hill locks, the prominent ones are Sunderkhol pahar (490mtr), Kenturi parbat (201mtr), Satabhaya Parbat (300mtr), Sanajhari pahar (324mtr), Udayagiri pahar (437mtr), Machhia pahar (197mtr), Kagili pahar (228mtr) and Anlabareni pahar (279mtr). Regionally the hill range extend from West-North-West to East South West.

1.3.1 Geology, Rock & Soil

Dhenkanal Division presents an interesting assemblage of rocks, belonging to the Eastern Ghat super group (EGS) Iron ore Super Group (IOS) Gondwana Super Group (GSG) of tertiary and quaternary formations. The IOS rocks occur to the north of tectonic lineament and found in Kamakhyanagar west Range. Soils are derived from Laterite, Dolemite, granite/granite gneiss, pyroxenites & ultrabasics. The soil of the core and buffer zone is sandy loam type where sand is slightly higher than the normal soil. These soils have adequate water holding capacity. The soil is acidic in nature with PH value ranging from 5.30 to 6.40. The forests in the core and buffer zone are degraded with little or no leaf litter cover. Hence organic carbon, content is low (only 0.5%). Availability of micro nutrients like iron, copper, manganese found to be medium to poor. The presence of organic carbon phosphorous and potassium varies from less than 0.5 to 0.8 and 0.5 to 0.6 respectively as per soil analysis in the forest area of buffer zone.

1.3.2 Natural drainage line and water sources. The drainage pattern is dendritic in nature. Perennial Nalas like Indrajit Nala and Kendua Nala originates from Sunderakhol RF and ultimately joins Brahmani River. Seasonal nala originate from higher levels of Sunderakhol hill. Surface runoff water of the area is drained by seasonal nalas to Ramial Nadi, a tributary of Brahmani River. Amongst the important streams flowing within 10km radius of the plant site are Indrajit Nala, Kalupila, Kendua, Ramial etc. The project area does not form the source/origin of any stream/River. However, few initial stage drainage impressions are noticed in the core area and the length of drainage at the proposed site will be about 5.5km in length. This will call for a garland drain along the boundary of the project area to avoid flash flood.

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Eight numbers of water bodies are found in the study area. Viz, Kankadajhar MIP near village Kadalipal, Jodabari MIP near village Dhobabahali, Bhogabareni MIP near village Anlabereni and Kantapal MIP near Gangijori.

1.3.3 CLIMATE :

The climate is warm and humid. Four distinct seasons are experienced in a year. The summer is from March to May, monsoon from June to September, autumn from October to November and winter from December to February. The spring is practically absent.

1.3.3.1 Meteorological Data. The nearest meteorological station is at Cuttack. The area falls under Seismic Zone-III as per 1893. The major climatological data as available are given below.

Highest temperature : 47.70C Minimum temperature : 7.80C Average annual rainfall : 1475.3 mm. Average relative humidity : 69.5%. Highest wind speed : 61 kmph. Predominant wind direction : From South.

1.4 Details of Linear infrastructure.

NH-200 from Bhuban to Talcher passes through the Northern fringe of the project impact zone. The State Highway from Kamakhyanagar to Dhenkanal passes through the impact zone touching eastern side of the plant area. Another ODR road runs from above NH-200 and touches Kangeilo village. The Nirgundi-Talcher railway line passes through the sourthen fringe of project impact area between Tentuliapada and Porapada over a length of 8 to 9 km. The proposed Haridaspur-Sukinda-Bhubana-Kamakhyanagar-Talcher railway line for which work is in progress, will pass on the northern fringe of the impact zone touching villages, such as, Kandar Singha, Indipur, Rekula, Altuma and Gopigari. OTPCL has engaged RITES to study the Rail Transport system for transpoting coal from Talcher Coal Mines of Mahanadi Coalfields Limited (MCL) to its plants. Therefore, OTPC proposes to contruct railwat link from Sadasivpur railway station on Talcher-Cuttack BG link to the plant site by a double line corridor over a length of about 20 km.

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The Rengali North bank canal passes touching the southern fringe of the impact zone near Kamakhyanagar town. However Bhairpur branch canal of Rengali main canal passes in the northern portion of the impact zone near villages Bangura, Anantpur, Mahulpal, Kakudia, Saruabil etc. The Roads, proposed Railway line and the canal may create hindrance in the safe movement of mega fauna in the project impact zone. Ameliorative measures will comprise of providing ramps of R.R. Stone massonary over the Rengali North bank canal, under passes in the proposed Railway line and NH-200, besides signages at the known crossing points. OTPC also proposes to construct two elephant under pass at a suitable location between village Khuntabati & Julanga to allow the elephant movement from Anlabereni, Podua & Aluajharan.

No vertical mining pits, unguarded dug wells exists in the project area including the impact zone. There are 8 nos. of minor irrigation project (MIP), constructed over different rainfed nalas in the impact zone which serve as water reservoir for irrigation purposes and so also providing water to the wildlife. These are Kankadajhar MIP near village Kadalipal, Jodabari MIP near village Dhababahali, Bhagabareni MIP near village Anlabereni, Kantapal MIP of Gangijori, Panasahi MIP, Patharakhamba MIP, Mahulipal MIP & Bhairipur MIP near Bhairipur.

1.5 Description of Flora and Fauna of the project area/project impact area : Flora and Fauna as described below are commonly seen over the study area, which have also been mentioned in the working plans of the Division.

1.5.1 FLORA : The floristic composition of the project impact area which has attained climatic climax in the region, is fairly dense with a good mixture of trees, shrubs, climbers, grasses and herbs which provide food & shelter to the wild fauna. The list of terrestrial and aquatic flora encountered in the area is indicated below.

1.5.1.1 Trees species Local Name Botanical Name

Sal Shorea robusta Dhaura Anogeisus latifolia Mai Lannea grandis Jamun Syzygium cumini Dhala sirisa Albizzia oderatisima Sirisa Albizzia procera

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Local Name Botanical Name Amla Emblica officinalis Asan Terminalia tomentosa Bahada Terminalia chebula Harida Terminalia belerica Mahula Mudhaca latifolia Kendu Diospyrus melanoxylon Kurum Adina cordifolia Mitkunia Mitragyna purviflora Kumbhi Careya arborea Patali Sterospormum suaveolense Rai Dilenia pentagyna Giliri Indgofira pulchella

1.5.1.2 Shrubs species.

Halda Diospyrus montana Sunari Casia fistula Korei Holarrhena antidysenterica Karada Clistanthus collinus Ranidantakathi Flemigia chappar Dhatki Woodfordia fruticosa Damguruda Gardenia gummifera Ixora Ixora parviflora Bhuinkuruwan(Tel kuruwan) Ixora arborea

1.5.1.3 Climber species

Atundi Combretum decandrum Siali lai Bahunia vahlii Palasi lai Butea superba Laha Milletia auriculata Suamlai/Annantamula Hemidesmus indicus

1.5.1.4 Grass species

Laha grass Ambhilophis glabra Jhuna grass Imperata arundinacea Hatia grass Eulalia argentea Tandi grass Saccharum spontaleum

1.5.1.2 AQUATIC FLORA 1.5.1.2.1 Phyto planktons

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1.5.1.2.1.1 Chlorophyceae

1. Eudorina elegans 2. Pediastrum simplex 3. Chlorococcum Species 4. Sirogonium Species 5. Spirogyra Species 6. Cosmerium Species 7. Oscillataria Species

1.5.1.2.1.2 Bacillariophyceae 8. Fragilaria crotonesis 9. Melosira sulcata 10. Gomphonema species 11. Pinnularia Species 12. Cymbella Species 13. Navicula Species 14. Biddulphia Species 15. Diatoma Species.

1.5.1.2.1.3 Euglenophyceae 16. Euglena Species (Zoo Plankton) 17. Arthropod 18. Keratella Species 19. Copepod Species

1.5.1.2.2 AQUATIC MACROPHYTES

1.5.1.2.2.1 Rooted in flowing water Family 1. Polygonum barbatum Var stagnium Polygdnaceae 2. Polygonum hydropiper 3. Ludwigia perennis Onagraceae 4. Centella asiatica Apiaceae 5. Phyllanthus virgatus Euphorbiaceae 6. Eriocaulon rivulare Eriocaulaceae 7. Crinum defixum Amaryllidaceae 8. Panicum repens paeceae 9. Eragrostis tenella 10. Nitella species Characeae

1.5.1.2.2.2 Along the streams Family 11. Homonoia riparia Myrtaceae 12. Pyzygium cumuni 13. Glochidion velutinum Euphorbiaceae 14. Pongamia pinnata Fabaceae

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15. Terminalia arjuna Combretaceae 16. Salix tetrosperma Salicaceae 17. Terminalia alata Compbretaceae 18. Cyathocline purpurea Asteraceae 19. Phragmites karka Poaceae 20. Saccharum munja 21. Ischaemum hirtum

1.5.2 FAUNA:

The lease area and the zone of influence falls under Decan peninsula Biogeographic zone and the forested tracts mainly fall in tropical deciduous forests biogeographical province of Indomalayan realm which is very susceptible to degradation.

The landscape, as already stated, exhibits a peneplained topography of gentle slopes in south directions and overall slope is from north to south. The zone of influence contains many hillocks with varying elevation from 187mts to 542mts and comprises wide valleys flat lands and number of seasonally and perennial nalas. In the past good vegetation existed in the core area and in the zone of influence. But due to excessive anthropogenic pressure for collection of timber and fire wood, encroachment for cultivation by local villagers, and theft of forest produce in large scale, the forests have been degraded. At present the vegetation is restricted to some pockets only. The acetone zone comprising of agricultural land, waste land, water bodies, riparian zone etc acts as a transition zone for wild life. The steep hills with ridges, cliffs, Talus, caves, cracks & crevices represent a short of altitudinal transition zone for some transitional community of fauna. The project impact area comes within the elephant habitat Zone-II. No National Park/Wild life Sanctuary/Biosphere Reserve/Tiger Reserve/ Elephant Reserve and habitat for migratory birds etc. exist in the project area and project impact area. The area does not fall in seismically active and land slide prone zone. No eco sensitive zone exists in the locality. A list of various types of fauna is furnished below. Kapilas wildlife sanctuary which is the nearest wildlife sanctuary is located at a radial distance of about 31 km from the project site.

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(a) Major Herbivores Local Name English Name Scientific Name Schedule/

Category (As per Wildlife

Protection Act. Page No. 736 to 756 of Orissa

Forest Manual) Hati Elephant Elephas maximus Scheduled - I HanuMankada H. Langur Presbytis entellus Scheduled – II Pati Mankada Rhesus Macaque Macaca mulatta Scheduled – II Belera Musa Giant Squirrel Ratufa bicolor Scheduled – II Harina Spotted Deer Axis axis Scheduled - III Kutura Barking Deer Muntiacus muntjack Scheduled - III Jhinka Percupine Hystrix indica Scheduled – IV Neula Mongoose Herpestes edwardsi Scheduled – IV Thekua Hare Dryctolangus

cuniculus Scheduled – IV

(b)

Major Omnivores Bhalu Bear Melursus ursinus Scheduled – II Bana Biradi Jungle cat Felis chaus Scheduled – II Barha Wild Boar Sus scrofa Scheduled – III

(c) Carnivores Heta Hyaena Hyaena hyaena Scheduled - III Bilua Jackle Canis aureus Scheduled – V

(d) Birds Mayur Peafowl Pavo cristatus Scheduled – I Sua Parrot Psittacula krameri Scheduled – IV Para Pigeon Columba livia Scheduled – IV Kua Crow Corvus splendens Vermin Kathahana Chadhei

Wood Pecker Picoides nanus Scheduled – IV

Pecha Owl Athene brama Scheduled – IV Bana Kukuda Jungle Fowl Gallus gallus Scheduled – IV Kumbhatua Crow Phesant Centropus sinensis Scheduled – IV Gunduri Patridge Francolinus

pondicerianus Scheduled – IV

Koili Cuckoo Eudynamys scolopacea

Scheduled – IV

Open billed stork Anastomus oscitans Scheduled – IV

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(e) Reptiles Ajagar Python Python molurus Scheduled – I Naga Cobra Naja naja Scheduled – II Dhamana Ratsnake Ptyas mucosus Scheduled – II Chiti Common Krait Bungarus caeruleus Scheduled – IV Boda Boa constrictor Pit viper Trimeresurus gramineus Kandanala Ahetulla species Lizard Hemidactylus flaviviridis

Godhi Yellow monitor Varanus monitor Kainchha Fresh water

turtle Lissemys spp. Scheduled – IV

1.5.2.1.4 Amphibians

SCHEDULE-IV Benga Common Indian Toad Bufo melanostictus Benga Skipping Frog Rana cyanophlyctis Brahmani Benga Paddy Field Frog Rana limnocharis Brahmani Benga Indian Bull Frog Rana tigerina daudin Kathabenga Tree Frog Racophorus leucomystax

1.5.2.1.5 AQUATIC FAUNA. Fish

Sl. No. Common Name Scientific Name 01 Rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) 02 Darika Labeo bata (Hamilton) 03 Kurchi Labeo genius (Hamilton) 04 Common Barb Puntius sophore (Hamilton) 05 Gaint Danio Danio aequipinnatus (Mc clelland) 06 Tengra Mystus cavasius (Hamilton) 07 Ritha Rita rita 08 Mangur Clarius batrachus (Linnaeus) 09 Singi Hiteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) 10 Cheng Channa orientalis (Schneider) 11 Lata Channa orientalis (Bloch)) 12 Mud-purches Badis badis (Hamilton)

1.5.2.2 Important invertebrates, their status, distribution & habitats.

Invertebrates belonging to the order mollusca and crustacea are found in the water bodies in the buffer zone. Occurrence of Crabs and shrimps are very common. Butterflies, wasps, spiders, grass hoppers and other insects are found in the forest areas of both core and buffer zone. Honey bees prefer cliffs and ledges. A detail list of important invertebrates is furnished below:

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1.5.2.2.1 Mollusca

Sl. No.

Common Name Scientific Name

1 Bivalve Lamellidens marginatus (Lamark) 2 Gastropod Pila globosa (Swainson)

1.5.2.2.2 Crustacea Sl. No.


1 Shrimp Macrobrachium sp. 2 Crab Paratelphusa sp.

1.5.2.2.3 Insects.

Sl. No.


1 Common Grass yellow Eurema hecabe 2 Baronet Symphaedra nais 3 Common Evening Brown Melanitis leda 4 Stripped Tiger Danaus genutia 5 Common emigrant Catopsilia Pomona 6 Common mormon Papilio polymnester 7 Painted Lady Cynthia cardni 8 Common Grasshopper Chorthippus bicolor 9 Army Ant Calomyrmex andiclus 10 Honey bee Apis mellifica 11 Spider Archnides sp. 12 Jumping spider Arachnida species

No endemic species of fauna are found in the study area. Common wild

fauna like Heta (Hyaena hyaena), Barha (Sus scrofa), Sloth bear (Melursus cusinus), Spotted dear (Axis axis), Barking deer (Muntiasus muntjack), Thenkua (Lepus nigricollis ruficandatus), H. Langur (Presbytis entellus), Peacock (Pavo cristatus), Jungle fowl (Gallus gallus) & Percupine (Hystrix indica) etc. are found in the study area The threatened species among the wild fauna are Elephant (Elephas maximus), Pea fowl (Pavo cristatus) and Indian Python (Python molurus).

The schedule species as narrated above are also available in the buffer zone and adjoining forest area.

1.6 Description of forests and habitat conditions, wildlife scenario : The forest area inside the project comprise of village forests only which is badly degraded with scattered tree growth of Sal, Mahula, Mango, Kendu etc and bushes. In the project impact zone, the vegetation in different R.F. blocks, is fairly dense (density 0.1 to 0.4) with well distributed

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species composition, having good canopy cover at top, middle and ground level, which constitute the habitat for wild fauna. The detailed description of forests and furnished below. Sl. No.

Name of the forest Status Area in Ha

1 Sundarkhol RF 2206.42 2 Suniamari RF 246.00 3 Analabereni RF 502.20 4 Kadalipal RF 246.00 5 Bhairapur (Part) RF 229.30 6 Sunajhari(Part) RF 2764.96 7 Machia RF 279.00 8 Kankeli(Part) RF 59.753 9 Siarimalia RF 15.782

1.6.1 Forest types, cover and food for animals.

According to the classification made by Champion and seth in their “Revised Survey of Forest Type in India, 1962, the types of forests present in Dhenkanal Division are in the following category.

i. 2B/C3 Orissa Tropical Semi Evergreen Forests. ii. 2B/E4 Laterite Semi Evergreen forests. iii. 3C/C3 North Indian Tropical; moist Mixed Deciduous Forests. iv. 3C/C2e North Indian Tropical Moist peninsular sal Forests. v. 5B/C2 North Tropical Dry Mixed Deciduous Forests. vi. 2B/C3/E – Moist Bamboo brakes. vii. 3C/C3/251 Dry Bamboo brakes. viii. 5B/DSI Dry Deciduous Scrubs. ix. 5/ISI Tropical Riverine Forests. The Forests of Core and Buffer Zone consisting of Maulabhanji, Tipilei forest blocks of Dhenkanal Division falls under type(iv) 3C/C2e North Indian Tropical Moist Peninsular Sal Forests and type(v) 5B/C2 Northern Tropical Dry Mixed Deciduous Fores.

The detailed classification of forest types is furnished below.

Sub groups – 3c/c2 Northern tropical moist peninsular sal forests : The floristic composition of type (iv) 3C/C2e is characterized by the

presence of Sal as principal species, constituting 50 to 70 percentage of the growing stock. This type of Forests are associated with species like Anogeisus, latifolia, Lannea grandis, Ougeinia dalbergioides etc. which are more akin to dry deciduous forests, where as the low level Sal forests are characterized by dense under growth and species like Syzygium cumini, Albizzia species, Emblica officianalis etc. as the common associates.

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The species generally found associated with Sal are Terminalia tomentosa,

T. Chebula, T. belerica, Madhuca latifolia, Syzygium cumini, Diospyrus melanoxylon, D.Montana, Adina cordifolia, Schleichera oleosa, Lannea grandis, Casia fistula, Embelica officinalis, Careya arborea, Pterospormum suaveolense, Dilenia pentagyna, Holarrhena antidysenterica and Cleistanthus collinus.

Common shrubs include Idigofera pulchella, Flemingia chapper, Wood fordia fruticosa, Ixora parviflora, Cipadessa fruticosa, Gardenia gummifera etc.

Common climbers are Combretum decandrum, Bauhini Vahlii,Butea

superba, Milletia auriculata etc. Common grasses are Ambhilophis glabra, Imperata arundinacea and

Eulalia argentea. Sub groups 5B/C2 – Northen Tropical dry mixed deciduous forests : The type 5B/C2 Northern Tropical Dry mixed Deciduous Forests mostly

found in Ranjagarh RF in the Buffer Zone, comprise of Dry Sal forests. The upper canopy is broken with usually trees having short boles and poor form. The forest becomes entirely leafless and the soil gets fully exposed. These forests are localized in the upper and steeper slopes of southern aspects of hill of Ranjagarh hill. The Floristic composition is Anogeissus. Latifolia, Boswellia serrata, Buchanania lanzan, Sterculia- urens, Bauhinia racemosa, Terminalia tomentosa, Adina cordifolia, Lannea grandia, Ougeinia dalbergioidis, Diospyrous melanaxylon, Hymenodictyon excelsum, Chloroxylon swietenia, Gardenia latifolia, Emblica officinalis etc.

The important shrubs are Wood fordia, Indigofera, Carissa opaca,

Nyctanthes arbortristis, Helictes isora, Holarrhena antidysenterica. The important grasses are Heteropogan contortus, Eulaliopsis binnata.

1.6.2 Habitats and habitat quality : The forest blocks such as Sunajhari RF, Sundarakhola RF, Kadalipal RF,

Suniamaru RF, Machhia RF, Anlabereni RF etc and extending over an area of about 8158.623 ha. constitute the prime habitat in the buffer zone from where wild animals are to visit the project area during night time for grazing purposes. The forests are interspersed with some 84 revenue villages and hamlets. Although fragmented and degraded over the years, yet there is reasonably good vegetation at some pockets to support the wildlife. There is a good mixture of various species which provide the required forage and fodder to the wild animals. There is

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considerable presence of fruit bearing species like Madhuca latifolia, Embelica offcinalis, Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica, Diospyros embryopteris, Syzyzium cumini, Mangifera indica, Gmelina arborea, Ficus racemosa, Ficus bengalensis, Careya arborea, Jack fruit (Artocarpus hetero phyllus) which provide food for wildlife besides variety of grasses, climbers, browsable herbs etc.

There are some perennial and semi perennial streams and water bodies

close to the habitat which meet the water requirement of wild life. Certain unique habitats like Cliffs, Talus, Caves, Cracks and ledges are found in the habitat which provide shelter and solitude to birds, bees, reptiles and small mammals.

1.6.3 Wild life scenario :

The project area & its impact area does not form part of any Wild life sanctuary, National park, Biosphere reserves, Tiger reserves (existing as well as proposed). The nearest wild life sanctuaries coming within 100 km radius are furnished below. The nearest wild life sanctuary i.e. Kapilash wild life sanctuary of the division is located at a distance of about 31.66 km away from the project site. The area is coming within Mahanadi Elephant Reserve and the Maulabhanja-Jiridamali-Anantapur identified elephant corridor passes just outside the northern fringe of the project impact area.

Name of the sanctuary Distance from the

project site (Approx). 1) Kapilash wild life sanctuary 31.66 km. 2) Chandaka wild life sanctuary 47.39 km. 3) Satakosia wild life sanctuary 50.91 km. 4) Nadankanan sanctuary 50.47 km. 5) Hadagarh wild life sanctuary 87.75 km. 6) Baisipalli wild life sanctuary 69.79 km. 7) Similipal wild life sanctuary 99.87 km.

The study area consisting of both core and buffer zone, hosts wildlife as indicated below.

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Core zone: In the forest areas of the core zone mammals like Bilua (Canis aureus), Thekua (Lopus nigricollies ruficaudatus), Mankada (Presbytis entellus) spotted deer (Axis axis), Wild boar (Sus scrofa/cristamus) are occasionally seen. The avian population mostly comprise of Kau (Corvus splendens), House sparrow (Passer demesticus), Baga (Egretta garzetta), Koili (Eudynamis scolopaceus), Kapta (Strepto palia decaocto) etc. Reptiles like python (Python molurus), Chitti (Bangarus careruleus), Dhamana (Ptyas mucosus) and Naga (Naja naja) are seen occasionally. The core zone is located in the valley portion continuous to Sundarakhol, Sunajhara and Anlabereni forest blocks. Wild animals use the project area as a part of movement between the forest blocks during night time occasionally. Zone of Influence. Commonly seen Mammals in the buffer zone, are Bilua (Canis aureus), Thekua (Lopus nigricollis ruficaudatus), spotted deer (Axis axis), Sloth bear (Ursus ursinus), Gundimusa (Funmbulus palamarum), Neula (Herpestres edwordsi), Wild boar (Sus scrofa), Heta (Hyaena hyaena), Barking deer (Muntiacua muntjack), H. Langur (Presbytis entellus), R. Macaque (Macaca mulatta), Percupine (Hystrix indica), Mongoose (Herpestes edwardsi), Giant squirrel (Rutufa bicolar) etc. Elephants come to the buffer zone occasionally as being narrated in foregoing para 1.7. The commonly seen Avians are Jungle fowl (Gallus gallus), Peacock (Pavo cristatus), Para (Columba livia), Parrot (Psittacula krameri), Wood pecker (Picoides nanus), Owl (Athene brama), Crow pheasant (Centropus sinesis), Cuckoo (Eudynamys scolopacea), Patrige (Franedlinus pondicerianus), Baga (Egretta garzetta), House sparrow (Passer domesticus), Kajalpati (Dicrurus macro cerus), migratory Open billed storks (Anastomus oscitans) etc. The Reptiles seen in the buffer zone comprises of Chitti (Bangarus careruleus), Python (Python molurus), Naga (Naja naja), Boda (Boa constrictor), Pit viper (Trimeresurus gramineus), Dhamana (Ptyas mucosus) Kandanala (Ahetulla species), Yellow monitor (Voranus flavescens), Lizard (Hemidactylus flaviviridis) and fresh water turtle (Lissemys spp.) The fauna listed out in Para 1.5.2, are also seen sporadically, occasionally and rarely in the zone of influence. According to the latest working plan, the census of different wildlife, conducted in 2003 January in Kamakhyanagar Wast Range, are Hyaena-5, Bear-3, Wild Boar-11, Spotted Deer-20, Sambar-19, Barking Deer-20, H.L Langur-25, Percupine-30, Mongoose-35, G.Squirrel-50, Jackle-210, Mouse Deer-20, Peafowl-140.

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1.7 Movement of mega Wildlife in the impact area : The Maulabhanja Jiridimali-Anantapur Elephant Corridor of Mahanandi Elephant reserve passes just touching the northern boundary of the project impact area.

1.7.1. A herd of elephants, 65-69 in number migrate from Anantpur RF to Kankeli, Siarimalia, Sunderakhol and Kadalipal Forest Blocks during Kharif crop season and causes crop damages in villages such as Kankeli, Basoi, Pansdihi, Balisahi, Kenduposi, Chandipur, Khairaposi, Bata singha, Kantapal, Tumasingha, Kateni, Kusumjodi, Bijadihi, Markata, Galukateni, Mainbil, Kushja, Dehurisahi, Bangura, Marichkan, Srimal, Kairakana, Dhobabahali, Sorada nail & Bahara etc. They enter into the impact zone near Kuktaposi and stay for a short time in Nandabiri RF, outside the impact zone, and gradually move inside the forest blocks and peripheral villages as narrated above. This herd cross the Kamakhyanagar-Dhenkanal State Highway at Anlabereni, Podua and Aluajharana to enter other forest blocks in the impact zone move inside forest blocks such as Sunajhari, Suniamaru and Anlabereni RF causing crop damage in village such as Jamujhara, Machhia, Kendubereni, Sagarkateni, Baisinga,Barakuli, Ichhabatipur, Ambabola, Bhairipur, Udayagiri, Kantakhol & Aluajharana etc.

1.7.2. Another herd of elephants consisting of number about 28 in number come from Hindol–Dhenkanal and enter into the project impact area crossing river Brahmani at Kotagara and moves inside villages located in and around the forest block such as Machia, Sunajhari, Anlabereni, Suniamaru and Bhairipur and comes crop damage in villages such as Sogarkateni, Sogarpatna, Kendubereni, Kandhapal, Kamagara, Palnrusinghpur, Kotagara, Salia Kantlo, Putasahi, Dhahikhai, Mendukhura, Khatudhata, Khutiabot, Salpada, Anlabereni, Ambakhola kateni, Jamujhara, Mahulguda, Barakoli, Ichhabatipur, Baisingha, Korabora, Budhibili, Bhairpur, Kantajharia, Udayagiri, Sonajhari, Dehurinali, Saruali, Indipur, Tentuli Singha, Kandara Singha, Khokasa, Pipla, Mota, Baddura, Ambabela, Aluajhorana finally after crop raiding they enter into Maulabhanja RF and back to Sarangi Range area crossing Brahmani river at Sogarpatna.

This herd moves in the impact zone once in a year during crop season and sometimes twice in a year. The crossing site of this herd at river Brahmani has been shown on topographical map appended in chapter-6(e).

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1.8 Man-animal conflict : As narrated above due to frequent movement of elephants, crop damages, human injury/kill have been reported in the project impact area and this, interface of man and elephants is the major man-animal conflict in the project impact area and its surroundings. In addition to this there is occasional interface between human and wild boar in some localities. The details of man-elephant conflict from the period 2005-06 to 2017-18 as available in Kamakhyanagar west range office are furnished below.

Extent of crop damage in the impact area Year Quantity area of crop damage Remarks

2010-11 155.98 acres 2011-12 162.65 acres 2012-13 251.02 acres 2015-16 50.51 acres 2016-17 43.94 acres 2017-18 39.11 acres

Extent of human kill & injury in the impact area

Year Human Killed Human Injury

Location Remarks

2005-06 1 - Saruali 2006-07 1 - Marichakona 2009-10 1 1 Gangijori Basoi 2011-12 1 1 Anlabereni Basoi 2012-13 7 2015-16 2 2 2016-17 4 3 2017-18 4 3

Extent of Elephant casuality in the impact area Year Elephant Kill

Remarks

2015-16 1 2016-17 2 2017-18 2

The elephant casuality due to electrocution and railway accident have not occurred so far in the project impact area. The sites of crop damage and elephant movement resulting in man-elephant conflict, human injury/kill and elephant casuality are shown on the map at Chapter-6 above.

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Details of Human kill/Human injury, cattle kill, crop damage and compensation paid caused due to man-animal conflict in Dhenkanal Division from the period 2012-13 to 2017-18 is furnished below.

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1.9 Survey of working plan prescription:

The project area including sites of ancillary activities as narrated in Para1.2, comprises forest land over 38.097 ha. in patches. These forests are categorized as revenue forests/Gramya Jungle in revenue record and therefore, not included in working plan of Dhenkanal Division and no prescription for management of these forest have been laid down. However, project impact area spreading over a radius of 10km from the main plant site comprises many reserve forests as narrated in para 1.1 have been included in working plan for management of those forest. The working plan prescriptions as prescribed in latest approved working plan (2006-07 to 2015-16) for management of those forest blocks are summarized below in a tabular form.

Sl. No.

Name of the forest blocks

Area in ha

Eco-restoration

working circle

Plantation

working circle

Name of the range

1 Sunderkhol RF

2206.42 2206.42 - Kamakhyanagar west

2 Kadalipala RF 246.00 196.0 50.0 Kamakhyanagar west 3 Kankeli RF 1786.3 1616.3 170.0 Kamakhyanagar west 4 Suniamaru

RF 1855.2 1425.2 430.0 Kamakhyanagar West

5 Anlabareni RF

502.2 432.2 70.0 Kamakhyanagar west

6 Machi RF 279.0 88 191.0 Kamakhyanagar west 7 Bhairapur RF 490.5 230.5 260.0 Kamakhyanagar west 8 Siarimalia RF 1405.1 1105.1 300.0 Bhuban 9 Sunajhari RF 2790.0 2390.0 400.0 Bhuban

The part of forest blocks allotted to Eco-restoration working circle are degraded at various stages due to heavy biotic pressure and illicit felling, repeated fire, uncontrolled grazing, shifting cultivation and encroachments and there is no natural regeneration at all. Therefore, the silvicultural operation required for these areas are protection from grazing, theft, fire, tending and reforestation coupled with soil and moisture conservation measures have been prescribed.

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The part of forest blocks allotted to plantation working circles have permanent blank patches and encroached lands that are subjected to heavy biotic pressure. These forests have no natural root stock and there is perceptible soil erosion. The silvicultural operations to be carried out shall include plantations and associated work such as protection, tending and soil moisture conservation measures.

However, as because the entire Divisional area have been put to wildlife overlapping circle to improve the habitat of wildlife and to conserve the bio-diversity, the project impact area comprising different forest blocks as narrated above cum also under wildlife overlapping circle. The forest blocks covered under the current working plan is being worked out as per the prescription of the working plan according to the availability of fund. The extracts of latest approved working plan of Dhenkanal Division indicating prescriptions for management of forests in the project impact area is enclosed at Annexure-VII.

1.10 Indicative plan showing other project utilizing forest land.

No industries, mines utilizing forest land are located within the zone of influence. Sukinda-Talcher railwayline that passes through the project impact area of the current plan. The project proponent has already prepared and got approved from CWLW, Odisha. Chandikhol-Duburi-Talcher Section NH-200/23 also passess through the project impact area of this plan and a site specific Wildlife conservation plan is under preparation for that project.

1.11 List of experts involved in the study and the Methodology adopted. 1.12 The Team. Shri Gadadhar Mohapatra, IFS (Retd.) Shri S.N. Nayak OFS (Retd.), Shri

B. B, Ray (ACF Retd.), Shri R.C. Parida (ACF Retd.), Shri B.N. Nayak, Forest Ranger (Retd.) Shri T.N. Sahu, Forester (Retd.) conducted the study, who were assisted by the local Forest Staff including Shri H. Panda, Range Officer, Kamakhyanagar west Range and his other Foresters & Forest Guards & others conducted field study during the financial year 2013 & 2014. The team had interacted with the villagers of Marichakana, Aluajharana, Anlabereni, Kusumjodi, Salapada, Bijadihi, Kadalipal, Kankadajhara etc. and local forest staff regarding the project implementation and mitigative strategies and impact on socioeconomic structure.

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Again the team consisting of Shri Gadadhar Mohapatra, IFS (Retd.) Shri

S.N. Nayak OFS (Retd.), Shri S.M. Singh (DCF Retd.), Shri R.C. Parida (ACF Retd.), Shri B.N. Nayak, Forest Ranger (Retd.) & range officer Shri. B. Mishra of Kamakhyanagar West range, inspected some sites of the interventions as proposed previously. Again the team alongwith the forest staff inspected other sites of interventions such as site of ANR plantation, 2 sites for construction of WHS, and sites of Artificial Bird nesting etc during July 2018.

1.13 Methodology adopted and sampling procedure The primary data on flora and fauna were collected through observations

in the field, which was synchronized with the secondary data collected from records in the Division Office/Range Office and the working plan.

In course of study, droppings of wild animals, pug marks, burrows, nests, scratchings and physical presence on ground, trees, bushes were and again verified during the period June – July 2018. Sample plots of 30mt x 30mt (0.09 ha.) were laid out at 6 sites at random over the different forest patches located in the main plant area comprising. of forest land. All available trees were enumerated, girth class (from 30cm to 120cm) wise and species wise. The available shrubs and undergrowth were also recorded species wise over 0.54 ha.

Also the facts and finding were compared with those recorded in the working plan and conclusions were drawn about the flora and fauna.

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CHAPTER-2

ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT OF THE PROJECT ON

FLORA, FAUNA AND ENVIRONMENT 2.1 The revenue/village forest area of the project site is only 38.098 ha.

comprising of very thin vegetation mainly of pole size sal crops out of total area of 580.5881 ha. The wild life status in the proposed plant site of OTPC Ltd. is rather negligible. Only a few small wild animals and birds are found in the area at times including herbivores which visit the site for forage purpose during night time only. Sometimes they migrate from Sundarkhol RF to Sunajhari and Analaberini RF and vice versa. The power plant complex may adversely impact the the wild animals who will loose their grazing ground and movement paths. The following activities during the construction phase as well as operation phase are likely to cause adverse impacts on the environment as well as forest and wild life which also finds place in the EIA report of the plant.

i) Construction phase :

Site preparation. Excavation and Back filling. Hauling of earth materials and wastes. Mixing of concrete and mortar. Concrete construction. Erection of steel structures. Road construction. Painting and finishing. Clean up operations. Land scaping and Afforestation.

ii) Operation phase : Raw material transportation and handling. Water use – zero water discharge. Atmospheric Emissions. Noise generation which will be less than 80 db. Solid waste handling and disposal. Employment generation and community development.

2.1.1 The adverse impact on the environment due to plant construction,

operation and ancillary activities will be in respect of Air, Water, Noise, Dust, Soil, Ecology, Lighting & pollution. To evaluate the impact of the project on the surrounding environment, various other factors such as

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pollution distribution in the vicinity, type of land use, sources of pollution etc. The major pollutants of the thermal power plants are.

a) Suspended particulate matters (Stack emission and material handling

plant). b) Toxic gases viz SOx, NOx (from stack emission). c) Thermal Pollution (Stack etc.). d) Noise generated during plant operation/transport.

2.1.1.1 Geomorphical changes :

The construction will involve making roads, foundations, making embankment for fly ash area, clearance of indigenous bushes, removal and dumping of bottom soil from foundation. All these activities may affect small animals like mongoose, squirrels different varieties of snakes underground fauna and some birds etc.

2.1.1.2 Removal of top soil for leveling and dumping of this soil over other land

will affect directly or indirectly the wild life as the vegetation growing on the ground will also be affected.

2.1.1.3 Water regime : The southern fringe of the plant area is partly, in the catchment of two

small rain fed nala of Indrajeet nala, which is a tributary of river Brahmani. The plant site is located in a valley formed by Sundrakhol RF, Sunajhari RF and Anlabereni RF, where from all the storm water is drained into Indrajeet nala. Just after construction of the plant, the drainage system of the area will be affected unless alternative arrangements are made to channelize the surface runoff of the valley. There are also chances of soil erosion from the above RFs during heavy rain with turbidity, water which will affect algal and phytoplankton growth and may affect fishes and other aquatic life.

The project has been designed with a zero discharge concept as a mandatory requirement to meet the norms of MoEF & CC. Thus there will be no water effluent discharge from the plant. The ash water will also be recycled and used as makeup for ash slurry and solid waste management plan will be installed inside the plant area. Rain water harvesting system has been planned to recharge the ground water.

WAPCOS a Govt. of India organisation has extensively investigated the drainage system in the area and have recommended the garland drain for drainage of storm water and normal rain water which would be canalize to Indrajit Nala.

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The design of the ash pond is based on latest parameter of embankment safety and ensures a safe embankment. However, in an unlikely event of breach of ash embankment necessary management for its immediate stoppage would be ensure.

All reasonable steps have been taken to ensure that the aquatic life and water dependant birds like King fishers, Cormorants etc. are not being affected.

2.1.1.4 Fly ash and Dust pollution. Dust from raw materials, waste dumps and moving vehicles shall force the animals to inhale the dust particles and will affect both respiratory system of wild animals and affect the photosynthesis of plants. Fly ash is a mixture of Silica-SiO2(17.5-53.8),Aluminium-Al2O3(13.51-43.7),Iron-Fe2O3 (1.15-34.28), Calcium-CaO (0.66-18.1), Magnesium-NgO (0-3.15), Titanium-T3O2 (0-19.07), Sodium-Na2O (0-2.61), Potassium-K2O, phosphorus- P2O5 (Nil), Sulphur SO3 (0-19.2) by weight. It is alkaline in nature and may contain element like N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn and S. Traces of toxic or heavy metals like B, Be, Cr, Hg, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni and Se etc. may be present in the ash. Fly ash is mostly trapped (99.8%) by ESP installed the stack.

The proposed power plant will produce a total of 715.38 tons /hr (max) of ash. Ash will be stored in ash ponds and will be sprayed with water to ensure no dust pollution. During strong winds in summer, dry ash and coal dust may be blown up and create dust Pollution.Similarly treatment shall be due to coal dust. Dust may also be generated from coal stock piles, during unloading from wagons and during transport of ash from the plant to outside for landfill, embankment and brick making. Dust can create respiratory problems in animals and has an inhibiting effect on plant growth. GLC of SPM will need regular monitoring, and it has to be ensured.

The plant is designed with minimum dust pollution. The following measures are taken to ensure that dust pollution is minimum. 1. Fly as will be transport through water slurry or paste from through

pipeline to ash pond. 2. Fly ash from storage bin will be transported by truck to road

construction. Fly ash back, land fill etc.High covered trucks & water spread on structure.

2.2.1 The quantum of pollutants that may be produced by the plant have been assessed by MECON consultancy is furnished below.

In order to minimize adverse effect of air, water and fly ash and other pollutants the plant has been designed with the autmost care to comply with the environmental norms. In accordance with the MoEF&CC notification dtd. 7th Dec’2015 all thermal units to be installed from 1st January,2017 to ensure the following norms in respect of air, water and other pollutants:

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a) Water – all new plants to be installed from 1st Jan,2017 shall have to

meet specific water consumption up to maximum of 2.5 m3/mwh and achieve zero discharges. In order to comply the above figure the plant has been designed with water consumption less than 2.5M3/KVH, cooling tower, solid waste management plan, recycling of water for optimization of water use and installation of 400 ton R.O. plant for the above purpose. In addition to above ash wate recycling system has been planned for the above purpose. A garland drain around the plant has been designed in consultation with WAPCOS to canalize catchment area water to be drained to Indrajit Nalah.

b) Air – the MoEF&CC has stipulated in the above notification to ensure the limits of air pollution as follows:

Particulate matter – 30 mg/nm3 Sulphur dioxide – 100 mg /nm3 Oxide of nitrogen – 100 mg /nm3 Mercury (Hg) – 0.03 mg /nm3

In this context the plant has been designed with a 275 mtr. height chimney, very high efficient ESP, low NOx burner, dust suppression system and flue gas de-sulfurisation plan.

2.2.1.1 Burning of 1400 tons/hour of coal is likely region and which may

produce dense fog, haze and smog. Although mitigative measures will be taken, certain plants and animals may be hyper sensitive to the pollutants. Plants exposed to SO2 pollution show yellowish and dying leaves. Acidification of soil may leave large forest tracts degraded and prevent establishment of seedlings from mother trees. Combustion of coal at high temperature produces NO and No2. The latter reduces physiological processes in plants.

2.2.1.2 Most of gaseous emission will get dissipated by air currents as per

prevailing wind direction. However there may be some ground level concentration of CO2, being heavier than air. The change in temperature is not more than 10C, which will have some effect on general climate, rainfall patterns and hence on vegetation and animals. In an unlikely event of green house gases is fast, the flora and fauna has no time to make adjustments. Climatic changes have a major driver of speciation.

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2.3 Degradation anticipated on account of the project. 2.3.1 Habitat impairment. Forests in the project impact area may slowly get stunted and growth

hampered due to combined effect of gaseous pollutants, suspended particulate matter, erosion etc. fire & enhanced biomass drawal in tandem to the loss of habitat. Herbaceous and ground flora will fast disappear. The physiognomy will change to open tree land or rooted wastes chocked and smothered by thorny bushes and climber thickets or invasive weed like chromolaena odorata. Such type of habitat will not support browsing by any grazing animals due to in adequacy of cover and food material.

2.3.1.1 Higher diversity of plants translates to longer food chains, complex food

webs, more species interaction and dependencies, greater possibilities of feedback control in ecosystem and its stability. When a system gets stressed due to extraneous factors, plant biodiversity progressively declines and so does the animal diversity. The loss of animal species may be imperceptible but could be apparent, depending on density, low or high, respectively.

2.4 Nature of threats to the flora and fauna.

Power plant operation and its ancillary activities not only adversely impact wild life in the lease area, but also the Wild life and their habitat in the surrounding i.e. zone of influence. This will also brings social, demographic and economic changes in the surrounding villages. Some of the threats to flora and fauna are described below.

2.4.1 Loss of habitat quality : The habitat not merely means the extent of cover, food and water, but a safe abode where wild life mate, breed, take care of off springs and move freely without fear. The anthropogenic pressure likely to be generated due to Power plant operation and ancillary activities will disturb the habitat, its tranquility and serenity and may threaten the health of the fauna. With increased human presence the demand for forest produce particularly fuel wood, small timber and brushwood will increase, affecting the density of vegetation. Chances of accidental forest fires will increase, which will affect the flora and water holding capacity of the soil. The water in the nalahs and water holes is likely to be polluted with fly ash sediments. The foliage of trees, shrubs etc. is likely to be covered with a thick layer of dust, making it unsuitable for browsing by wild

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animals. As such the habitat will deteriorate fast, resulting in thinning out of wild life population and affecting their behavioural pattern.

2.4.2 Depredation by wild animals : Increased human presence with greed for wild meat, may pose the threat of poaching for table purposes. Trapping of animals and birds like mongoose, deer fawns, munias, parakeets, peafowls may increase to satisfy pet mania. The disturbances anticipated to be caused by Power plant operation and ancillary activities in the habitat may force the wild animals like Deer, Monkeys, wild Boar, Sloth bear etc. to flee from the forest and visit the nearby villages for forage of standing crops, grains etc. which may lead to ‘man-animal’ conflict.

2.4.3 Increased Pressure on adjoining forests : Ancillary activities such as setting up hotels, restaurants, tea stalls, colonies and different other businesses will necessitate dependence on the existing forest for meeting their fuel wood small timber and NTFP needs, posing a threat to the habitat.

2.4.4 Opening of roads : Power plant operation and its ancillary activities will increase the vehicular movement in the buffer zone for transportation of different products to the nearest railway siding or to National Highway. Therefore new roads, extraction paths will be developed in the forest areas reducing the forest cover, acccelarating soil erosion, enhancing noise, dust, light pollution and facilitating poachers for illegal hunting of wild animals and enhancing man-elephant conflict to an extent.

2.4.5 Power lines : A number of electric power transmission lines run inside the buffer zone for supply of power to different installations/villages. After completions of the project new high power grid lines are likely to be constructed for distribution of the power to different station on commercial basis. High power transmission line for evacuation of power will be well above prescribed limit of I.E. Rules. The minimum height after stacking will not less than 10mtr. thereby avoiding any threat to wild elephants and others.

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List of Basic Equipment / Instrument for Environmental Monitoring & Testing

Table 8.1Equipment to be acquired for the Laboratory Sl. No.

Instrument / Equipment Nos.

1 Respirable Dust Samplers(RDS) and PM2.5 sampler 4 2 Orsat Apparatus 1 3 Sound Level Meter 1 4 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer 1 5 BOD Incubator 1 6 Glass-ware for Microbiological Test of Water Lot 7 Gas Chromatograph 1 8 On line stack monitoring facilities along with accessory

facilities for monitoring of SO2, NOx, CO2, CO and PM 2

9 COD Apparatus 1 10 Stack monitoring apparatus (manually operated) 1 11 Chemicals Lot 12 Spectrophotometer 1 13 Meteorological Kit 1 14 Analytical Balance 2 15 Muffle furnace 1 16 Conductivity Meter 1

The instrument has been accepted by the MoEF. 2.4.6 Railways :

Although there is no Railway line in the Core zone but Nirgundi-Talcher railway line passes through southern fringe of buffer zone at present. There is a proposal for construction of a railway line from Haridaspur Junction to Angul via Dubiri, Sukinda, Bhuvan, Kamakhyanagar & Talcher and survey work is going on. Since the elephant move in all most all villages during crop season, there will be chances of causalities of the animals by railway accident, which is now a big threat to the survival of the animal in the state. Therefore, a railway line, will be a potential danger to the wild animals, particularly Elephants, unless under pass/over pass is constructed by railway authorities or the project proponent across the migration routes.

2.4.7 Light pollution.

The plant site will be lighted up for security and for normal operational requirement. This will result in a sky-glow form of illumination of several lights in a limited area. This sky glow may disturb the natural movement of elephants in the project impact area and their habitat in the forest blocks as narrated above. This may affect the orientation of elephants

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and there are chances of elephants behaving more erratically. Sky glow may alter light sensitive cycles of birds. Their morning chorus may be earlier than normal and evening chorus may be delayed than normal. Owls and bats may get somewhat disturbed, adequate protective measures have been provided in the wildlife management plan to minimize the illumination of light.

2.5 Probable increase in the vehicular traffic and its impact: Although 12.07 million ton of coal will be transported to the plant site

annually by Railway, there will be increase in vehicular traffic for transportation of other goods, machineries etc. and light vehicles for business purposes. Movement of vehicles on Dhenkanal-Kamakhyanagar state highway particularly during night time, will obstruct road crossing of elephants at Mendukhura, Kuntiabati, Anlabereni to some extent.

2.6 Noise, Water, Air and underground pollution and the probable

impact on flora and fauna. As already narrated, noise generated by operation of machineries, siren and vehicular traffic will affect, the serenity and tranquility of the area causing disturbances to the fauna. The water of the nala and rivers flowing in the impact zone is likely to be polluted by fly ash, coal dust, which may affect both human and wild life. The air is likely to be polluted by fugitive dust and emissions from machineries and vehicles which will have impact both on flora and fauna. Lubricants and grease dropping from badly maintained vehicles may pollute the soil and underground.

2.7 Study techniques adopted and observations of the experts. The experts of GGCPL comprising of experienced and retired forest officers visited the core area and parts of the zone of influence extending over 10 km radius for 3 days each during February & March 2013 from dt. 12.2.2013 to dt. 14.2.2013 and 19.3.2013 to 21.3.2013. They were accompanied by the local Forest Range Officer Sri H.K. Panda, stationed at Kamakhyanagar and his subordinates. The local RI, Sri Manmohan Patnaik and other staff of OTPC Ltd., also accompanied the experts during their study of the project site Again the project site was inspected by the experts , staff of project proponent during June & July 2018 .

During the visit to the project area of the plant the existing forest growth with species, drainage system and statistics of erosion, sites of proposed installations, sites for green belt development, availability of fauna etc. were studied and the observations recorded. The experts also interacted with the employees of OTPC Ltd. & local villagers and collected informations on the impact of the project, socio economic development of the area, peripheral development anticipated due to installation of the

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project etc. It was understood that more than 90% of the adjoining villagers have given their consent in favour of the project. Informations on probable levels of pollution due to fugitive dust and emissions were also collected. The existing flora in the core area was studied and the species composition was recorded. Six numbers of sample plots, measuring 30mt x 30mt in size were laid out at random and enumeration of the tree growth, girth class and species wise, was conducted. Presence of fauna like avians, simians, rodents, reptiles and mammals etc were recorded through actual sighting and observing signs like droppings, nests, pugmarks and local informations etc. Similar exercises were carried out in the zone of influence at 12 sites near the existing habitat to record the available fauna and flora. Interactions with local villagers were done at 11 villages viz. Anlabereni, Aluajharan, Marichhakhanda, Kusumjodi, Salpada, Kankadajhara, Bijadihi, Udayagiri, Sunajhari, Kankeli & Kadalipala Informations about the presence of large animals, their movement paths, damage to crop and property, man-animal conflict, dependence of local people on forests to meet their basic needs and also to improve their economic status by sale of NTFP etc were assessed. A second visit to the area was done for 2 days during 25.3.2013 & 26.3.2013. When interaction with the DFO, Dhenkanal was carried out about the strategies to be under taken to mitigate the adverse impacts of the project including interventions. Informations on various aspects and datas about crop damage, man-animal conflict, census figures of large animals etc. were collected. The sites for interventions were visited and GPS readings were taken after discussion with the local Range Officer. In course of revision of plan on latest data discotions were held with the DFO Dhenkanal division and RO Kamakhyanagar west range on different dates during july 2018 relating to different interventions in the project impact area and accordingly the finanicial forecast was recasted on current wage rate The aquatic fauna and flora were studied and recorded. The movement paths of large fauna were inspected and status of the habitat in general was studied. It was observed that the forests are reasonably dense and the vegetative cover, for fauna is adequate. Good quantity of food and

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water is available for sustenance of different types of fauna. The forests get affected by annual fires which burns ground flora including new regenerations and is a potential threat for sustenance of the habitat. Some of the nala like Indrajeet nala, Ramiala river, Kainbill nala, and many tributaries of Ramiala river, MIP such as Kankadajhara, Udayagiri, Mahulapal, Panasahi etc. become dry during summer months where water harvesting structures are required to be created besides errection of check dams and undertaking gully plugging activities. Pastures are also required to be created at along these nala at strategic locations rich in wild fauna. The status of soil erosion was observed, which does not appear to be of serious magnitude.

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CHAPTER-3

3.1 OBJECTIVE OF MANAGEMENT

Conservation, Protection and improvement of the flora and fauna in and around the Power Plant area, Ash pond area etc. of OTPCL on a sustainable basis despite the project and its ancilliary activities.

3.1.1.1 To conserve a viable population of Wild life in general and elephant in

particular in their natural habitat.

3.1.1.2 To conserve the natural biological diversity, aesthetic and geo-morphological values of the area through appropriate management of sites, habitats and landscapes.

3.1.1.3 To conserve the catchment of rivers and stream systems. 3.1.1.4 To reduce the dependency of local people on the forest resources

through culturally, socially, economically acceptable and ecologically sustainable and viable alternatives, by taking up eco development programmes.

3.1.1.5 To promote conservation awareness among the local communities

through conservation education packages in order to secure their support for conservation of the forested areas.

3.1.1.6 To reduce Man-animal/Elephant conflict by ensuring contiguity of the

habitat inside the zone of influence by improving habitat on long term basis.

3.2. Strategies : 3.2.1 Undertake appropriate remedial measures to minimize the adverse

impacts of power plant on wildlife conservation and protection in the core and buffer zone of the power plant to a tolerable limit.

3.2.2 Improve the ecological status and quality of the wild life habitats in

and around the power plant, through restorative interventions. 3.2.2.1 Undertake appropriate steps by creation of wild life proction squad to

mitigate man- elephant in the impact zone.

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3.2.3 Undertake suitable soil and water conservation measures to improve

the water regime of the land scape and to reduce the hazards of soil erosion.

3.2.3.1 Undertake appropriate steps to rehabilitate the home less avifauna by

creation of artificial bird nests in the forest blocks adjoining to the project

3.2.4 Enlist people’s participation in conservation initiatives through

awareness, motivation and capacity building and through suitable incentives, involve them in afforestation programmes over blanks, road-side avenues etc.

Creation of awereness among the local urban citizens of either Dhenkanal municipalty area or kamakhyanagar town ship towards conservation of rich biodiversity by creation of a small butterfly park . Undertake Eco–development activits involving the rural tribal community to raise their socio economic status and to reduce their forest depndance .

3.2.5 Formulate strategies for all perceived and assessed problems along

with various process indicators so that continued monitoring on them could be possible.

3.2.6 Ensure interdepartmental coordination for synergy among various

departments operating in the area by formulation of a mechanism for action at the district level.

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CHAPTER – 4

MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES WITH IN THE PROJECT SITE TO BE

IMPLEMENTED BY THE PROJECT PROPONENT 4.1 Interventions to be implemented by project authorities.

In order to achieve the objectives enumerated in chapter-2, the following management strategies are proposed to be adopted in the core area of the project to be implemented by the project proponent i.e. O.T.P.C Ltd in addition to the mitigative prescriptions laid down in the environmental management plan.

4.1.1 The power plant will consist of 3x800 MW power generation units with

ancillary infrastructure like coal handling unit, Ash handling system, water corridor and water treatment centre. The pollutants likely to affect the flora, fauna and other living beings are, suspended particulate matter, toxic gases viz, SOx, NOx, Noise generated during plant operation, fly ash and bottom ash generated by burning coal. The following interventions are suggested to be implemented by the project authorities.

4.1.2 During the construction phase.

a. Construction activities would be designed to minimize geomorphic changes and vegetation loss.

b. Drainage pattern will not be disturbed and appropriate storm water diversion will be provided through a channel to be excavated all around the boundary along the green belt of the plant to drain the storm water in to Indrajeet nala.

c. Water sprayer shall be used periodically to keep the site dust free in short term.

d. As a long term measure, green belt all round the boundary will be maintained.

e. Silencers of appropriate design will be installed in all earth moving equipments.

f. OTPC is committed to keep the environment at its best and work towards conservation of wildlife.

g. Periodic interaction with forest and wildlife authorities will be held to develop a synergy in the best interests of wildlife and biodiversity.

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4.1.3 Measures in operational phase. These measures will be taken in advance so that its beneficial effect and

influences are available when the operation begins. Those are follows: 4.1.3.1 Development of three tier green belt.

The objective for development of green belt is to reduce the effects of pollutants emitted from the plant, besides arresting movement of dust and SPM. The green belt will serve the following purposes.

Compensate the damage to vegetation due to setting up and operation of the proposed plant. Prevent the spread of fugitive dust generated due to project and allied activities. Attenuate noise generated by the project. Reduce soil erosion. Help stabilize the slope of project site. Increase green cover and improve aesthetics. Attract animalsto re-colonise the area.

Design, species composition and density of the green belt are vital factors to be taken into account to reap the desired benefits.

4.1.3.2 Design.

A composition of tall, medium and small trees, including shrubs will be developed to create a three tier green belt having distinct top, middle and lower stories which will be functionally viable. Gaseous material & S.P.M. can be trapped at different heights through canopies of trees at different levels. It is proposed to constitute a mixture of 50% tall trees, 25% trees of medium height, 25% trees of small height and shrubs. A spacing 2.5mt x 2.5mt will be adopted for top tier trees with a population of 1600 stems per ha. The spacing of middle tier and lower tier trees will be 5mt x 2.5mt with a stem population of 800 in each tier. Thus the total tree population will be 3200 per ha.

4.1.3.3 Species composition.

Species which have proven ability to with-stand the effects of SO2, HF, NOx and SPM will be used as detailed below.

4.1.3.4 Top tier (Tall trees) :

1. Alstonea scholaris (Chhation). 2. Albizia lebbeck (Siris). 3. peltoferrum ferrugineum (Radhachuda). 4. Terminalia arjuna (Arjun).

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5. Tectona grandis (Saguan). 6. Terminalia balerica (Bachada). 7. Tamarindus indica (Tentuli). 8. Poly althea longifolia (Debdaru). 9. Ailanthus excelse (mahal). 10. Grivellea robusta (Paban pyere). 11. Samania saman (Rain tree). 12. Ficus religiosa (Aswastaha). 13. Anogeisu acuminate(Fasi) 14. Gmelina arborea(Gambhar) 15. Dalbergia sissoo(Sesum) 16. Anthocephalus cadamba(Kadam)

Middle tier (Medium trees) :

1. Azadirachta indica (Neem). 2. Pongamea pinnata (Karanj). 3. Cassia seamea (Chakunda). 4. Melia azadirachta (Hahaneem). 5. Mimusops elengi (Baula). 6. Grivellea pteridifolia (Phul pyare). 7. Syzizium cumunie(Jamun) 8. Acacia Arabica(Babul) 9. Acacia leucophebea(Gohira) 10. Lanea coromondolica(Moi)

Lower tier (Small trees & Shrubs) :

1. Cassia fistula (Sunari). 2. Lagestroemia flosreginae (Patuli). 3. Bauhinia purpurea (Kanchan). 4. Bauhinia racemosa (Kanchan). 5. Butea monosperma (Polash). 6. Murrhaya exotica (Kamini). 7. Embelica officinalis (Aonla).

Shrubs : 1. Adhatoda vasica (Basanga). 2. Calotropis gigantea (Arakha). 3. Nyctanthes aroboretristris (Gangasiuli). 4. Nerium odorum (Karabira). 5. Thevetia nerifolia (Kaniar) 6. Bougain villea SPP (Kagaj fula). 7. Tecoma Gaudichaudi (Tacoma).

Creeper (Ground cover) : 1. Antigonom leptopos. 2. Widellia (Brahmi).

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4.1.3.5 Planting technique. The standard planting and maintenance techniques will be followed. The

details along with cost estimate per ha. as approved by PCCF, Odisha is furnished at Annexure-A(I).

4.1.3.6 A total area of about 236.00 Ac. (95.507 ha.) as mentioned in proposed

land use plan for green belt development will be covered by plantations. The land reguirement for the thermal power project has to be as per CEA

(Central Electricity Authority) norms which specify only the acreage of green belt plantation not the cost. In accordance with TOR point no. VIII ‘ Land requirement for the project shall be optimized and in any case not more than what has been specified by CEA from time to time .

As regards the area of three tier green belts as complied in EIA & EMP report comes to 95.507 ha against CEA guide lines 94.694 ha and the cost of raising have been included in the project cost of Rs. 18218 crores.

The Green Belt area is around 31.33% of the total land used to the main plant. In addition a three tier green belt around the ash pond shall be provided. Total area for the green belt ground the ash pond shall be 43.8ha with native species and a width of 50 to 100 meter. The plant population shall be around 2500 per ha will survival percentage around 80%. There are nos of degraded naturally growing trees exists in the project area since long. The natural growing trees which occurs in the propose green belt zone are to be retained with required silvicultural operation instead of felling for pure plantation. a. The Cost norm approved by PCCF, Odisha for Block Plantation with

1600 nos plants per ha. has been adopted with some modifications because of the special requirement in three tier green belt plantation as detailed below.

b. The approved cost norm is meant for 1600 nos plants per ha where as three tier green belt plantation needs to be dense consisting of 3200 nos plants per ha. to arrest dust movement. Different type of spacing with no. of plants required for green belt is as under. Spacing 2.5mtr x 2.5mtr = 1600 plants (Top Tier) Spacing 5mtr x 2.5mtr = 800 plants (Middle Tier) Spacing 5 mtr x 2.5mts = 800 plants (Lower Tier)

c. Two items like fireline tracing and watch & ward provided for Block Plantation is not required inside the power plant which have strong compound wall and watch & ward. Therefore, cost of these two items have been excluded and a new item washing of plants has been added in view of necessity to remove accumulated dust from leaf surface at intervals as the plantation shall be taken inside a plant area.

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The cost norm recasted as under. The total cost norm approved by PCCF, Odisha – (Labour rate @ Rs. 280.00) - for 1600 plants per ha Rs. 1,19,209.00

(-) Watch& Ward & Fire line tracing for 10 years Rs 48,160.00 Rs. 71,049.00

Twice the cost norm recasted i.e. from 1600 plant/hactor to 3200 plants Total Rs. 1,42,098.00

(+) Cost of washing of 3200 plants/hactor Rs. 1,79,200.00

Grand total Rs. 3,21,296.00

Therefore Worked out cost norm for three tire green belt with 3200 plants/ hactor is – Rs 3,21,296.00

The detail modified cost norm is furnished at Annexure- A(I) OTPC has proposed to provide 275 meters high chimney with high efficiency ESP, Low NOX burner, Dust extraction and suppression system while setting up the plant to prevent air pollution arising out of fly ash in the nearest vicinity. However there will be dust pollution due to coal handling plant and system, during unloading from wagons and during transport of ash etc. The coal handling system, MGR etc. has been proposed to be set up over an area of 84.238 ha. Therefore, to prevent dust pollution here an area of about 95.507 ha. is proposed to be included in 3 tier green belt development plantation @ Rs. 3,21,296.00 per ha., incurring an expenditure tune of Rs. 306.860 lakhs The detail cost norm with maintenance and technique of plantation is enclosed an Annexure- A(I).

4.1.4 Avenue plantation. Ornamental, evergreen and shade bearing tall and medium trees should

be planted along the roads on both the sides over a length of 9 km. Plantation shall be done along the peripheral road at a width of 7 mtr. and that of inside roads having width 10 to 12 mtr. The species as mentioned above should be utilized for the purpose. Spacing of plant in the plantation shall be 4 mtr between plants. Taking 2 sides planting total plant required shall be 500 per km and total requirement per 9 km will be 4500 nos. The plantations shall be mentained over a period of 10 years.

Detailed approved cost norm is enclosed at (Annexure A -II)

43(i)

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4.1.5 There is proposal in the project report that the project proponent shall

construct a drainage channel all along the boundary (inside) over a length of 8-9km to contain the strom water of the project area for reutilization in green belt development and stabilization of dust inside the plant premises. As the project is of zero discharge technology there is no scope of drainage of waste water flowing into natural streams and rivers which are the life line of wildlife in the impact area.

4.1.6 The project proponent shall light the plant premises and approach roads in

such a manner which will not affect the movement of elephants outside the plant premises in the impact zone. Incase of highmast lights the focusing of light should be down wards and other light points should be focused towards the plant instead impact zone.

4.2 As narrated in chapter-I of this plan elephant movement is there allaround the

project area during kharif season causing crop/house damage & human/elephant kill & injury. Elephants cross Dhenkanal-Kamakhyanagar State Highaway from Sunjhari & Machhia RF lying on the eastern side to the revenue forest areas, Kadalipal RF and Sundarakhol RF lying on wastern side at two points namely near village Mendukhura & Anlabereni and vice versa.

There is proposal to construct a railway line almost parallel to this road from

Sadasivpur Railway station on Cuttack-Talcher BG Rlyline of eastcost railway to the project site for transportation of coal.

This proposed Rlyline may be a barrier for elephant movement in impact zone

and there are chances of elephant casuality due to train accident. A separate plan to be prepared during contruction of railwayline for free

movement of elephants in the project impact area. The DPR(Detail Project Report) for the railline to be shown to PCCF(WL) &

CWLW,Odisha for his comments in view of elephant movement in the project impact area. The project proponent shall reconsider instruction of railway line from Sadashivpur to Plant site. The project proponents should also examine the proposal and explore possibility of coal transporation from the rail head to the plant site through road instead of constructing 18Km railwayline as the railwayline may be threat to be wild elephants movement.

4.2.1 Location of Proposed Interventions. Latitude Longitude

a) Location of 3 tier green - 20050’28” - 85031’27” belt plantation.

b) Avenue plantation - 20050’43” - 85031’31”

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4.3 Relevant provisions of environment management plan. The environmental management plan has already prepared by M/s

MECON Ltd. and submitted to MoEF&CC for clearance. The MoEF&CC have sought certain additional information in which wildlife management plan veted by PCCF (Wildlife), biotic study of River Brahmani and some other details for grant of environmental clearance.

Relevant provisions of Environmental Management Plan prepared by the

above agency are summerised below. A thermal power station utilizing coal as its source of energy may pollute

the environment in a number of ways. The major pollutants likely to affect the environment of the neighborhood are :

a) Suspended particulate matters (stack emission & material

handling plant). b) Toxic gases viz. SO, NOx (stack emission). c) Thermal pollution from stack). d) Noise generated during plant operation. e) Fly ash and bottom ash generated by burning fuel e.g. coal etc.

(i) Air Pollution Mitigation Measures

In the proposed power plant the sources of air pollution will be:

Burning of fuel (coal) Fugitive dust due to handling of coal Fugitive dust due to disposal of ash

The major emission due to coal burning will be Particulate Matter (PM). To reduce emissions of PM from the stacks, electrostatic precipitators (ESP's) will be installed. The ESP's will have an efficiency which will limit the emission of PM from flue to less than 30 mg/Nm3.

For dispersion calculations, the SO2 content in the flue gases has been taken as 100 mg/Nm3 as per MoEFCC Norms for thermal Power plants. In order to maintain the SO2 concentration within norms, Flue Gas De-sulphurisation (FGD) system shall be installed.

Low NOx burner will be provided so as to limit the NOx concentration in flue gases within prescribed norms. Also, Necessary provisions in the Steam Generator design and fuel firing system will be made including

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installation of Selective Catalytic/Non-Catalytic Reduction (SCR/SNCR) units to reduce the NOX emission below 100 mg per Nm3 (as per MoEFCC standard) including thermal NOX.

It is proposed to set up 3 units of 800MW units initially, for which one multi-flume stack is proposed. All three boilers shall be connected to same stack. The stack will be 275 m high to ensure sufficient dispersion (i.e. dilution) of the pollutants.

To reduce fugitive dust emission due to handling of coal and ash, dust extraction and dust suppression systems will be installed at appropriate locations. The Crusher House will be provided with dry type dust extraction system (bag filters). Dust suppression system will be provided at the Track Hoppers, conveyor transfer points and all around the coal stockpiles. The dust extraction systems will consist of suction hoods, fans and bag filter units with all accessories. The dust suppression systems will consist of water sprinkling systems. The vents of the fly ash silos will be routed through bag filters to minimize dust emissions. The unutilized fly ash will be taken to the ash dumps. To prevent build up of ash near a particular point, the dumping points will have to be periodically shifted.

Further, air curtains have also been provided in the wagon tippler shed area which helps in preventing the spreading of coal dust in the environment. The dust suppression system remains operational during unloading of wagons.

(ii) Noise pollution control measures

In proposed power plant, the power generating sets, fans and pumps will be the major sources of noise.

Noise generation levels will be considered while selecting equipment. Acoustic enclosures shall be provided to control the noise level within the OSHA norms of 85 dB (A) for 8 hrs. Wherever required, noisy equipment will be placed on vibration isolators or surrounded by baffles covered with noise absorbing material. Personnel working in high noise zones will be issued with personal protection equipment (e.g. ear muffs, ear plugs) and their duty hours will be regulated to control noise exposure levels. In addition, green belt plantation around the shops and boundary will reduce the noise level further.

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(iii)Water Pollution Mitigation measures Effluent management scheme would be implemented with the objective of optimization of various water systems so as to reduce intake water requirement which would result in lesser waste water discharge. The effluent management scheme would essentially involve collection, treatment and recirculation / disposal of various effluents. Adequate treatment facilities would be provided to all the waste streams emanating from the power plant to control water pollution.

Effluent from the pretreatment plant (clarifier and filtration plants) will comprise sludge and water. Sludge will be separated and compacted in sludge presses and will be disposed-off in solid form in secured landfill. The balance water will again be re-cycled in clarifier along with raw water available from the reservoir.

Effluents from the demineralizer plant resin regeneration circuit, which is generally acidic from the cation units and alkaline from the anion units, will be neutralized in a neutralizing pit. The neutralized effluent will have less than 100 mg/l suspended solids and a pH value of about 7.5 to 8.0. The neutralized effluents will be led into the equalization basin termed as Guard pond.

The cooling tower blow down will be utilized in ash handling plant and also utilized for dust suppression in coal handling plant.

The Boiler Blow down will be controlled to maintain system solids loading within normal limits for proper water chemistry. The effluent will have less than 100 mg/l suspended solids and will be led into the Guard pond and mix with other station effluents.

The run-off from the coal handling area will flow through channels around the coal storage area and coal handling buildings into a common basin (settling tank) from where it will be pumped into the Guard pond.

The oil-water mixture collected in the drains, provided around the oil unloading area and the pump house, etc. is led to an oil-water separator. The separated water containing less than prescribed limit of oil and grease will be led into the water system which will be finally discharged into Guard pond. The waste oil as separated out will be reutilized, if possible.

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All the treated effluents are first collected in settling basin to settle the suspended solids and are then taken into a Guard pond. The out let of Guard pond shall be used for dust suppression / green belt.

(iv) Thermal Pollution

Major part of the heat will be dissipated in the atmosphere through cooling water system and flue gas stacks. As no hot water is discharged outside, the surroundings, vegetation / agriculture will not be affected by thermal pollution.

(v) Mitigation Measures for Reducing Impacts on Faunal Species

Direct Disturbance: Ten feet high fencing will be erected all around the project so that no animals come to the project site. Further a green belt erected within the fencing (facing the proposed plant) all around the proposed plant area will further reduce the impact of direct disturbance.

Noise: The maximum noise level reaching outside the proposed plant project boundary will be below the statutory norms for residential area, and that reaching the forest areas will be below the statutory norm for silence zone. Further the green belt all along the project boundary will further reduce the noise level so as to cause any disturbance to the faunal species. Thus the animals in the study area will not get impacted due the noise from the proposed project activity.

Strong Light during Night: The strong light in the project premises during night may cause some disturbance to the fauna in the nearby forests & shall affect movement of wild elephant. It is proposed that all the light posts erected along the boundary wall will face inwards and down wards (with reflectors facing the plant and downwards), so that the light do not spreads outside the plant boundary.

TECHNOLOGICAL DETAILS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES

(i)Deployment of supercritical technology in the steam generator would ensure lesser specific fuel consumption compared to sub-critical technology and thereby generate lesser pollutants. The steam parameters for the 500 MW units are generally with the pressure of 170 kg/cm2

(abs) and main steam and reheat temperature of 540°C. Now the planned large rating plants of single unit rating of 800 MW with supercritical

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parameters are being adopted i.e. pressure 246 kg/cm2 and main steam

/ reheat steam temperatures as 545°C and 564°C respectively at the turbine stop valve. The higher steam cycle parameters result in improved plant efficiency. In view of the higher efficiency of supercritical unit, lesser amount of fuel is required for generating same quantum of electricity which in turn also reduces C02 emission in coal fired power plant. Super critical units also emit less SOx and NOx. Improvement in thermal efficiency also causes substantial reduction in emission of suspended particulate matter to the environment.

(ii)Air Pollution Control System Electrostatic precipitators (ESP) would be installed to control the emission of ash particles. The precipitators would be designed to limit the particulate emission to less than 30 mg/Nm3. One (1) number multi flue stack of 275 m height will be provided. Besides on-line monitoring system, the chimney would be provided with access for regular monitoring of stack emissions. For the control of fugitive dust emission within and around the coal handling plant, coal dust extraction and suppression systems will be provided. Dust suppression system will be installed at all requisite points in CHP and coal stockyard.

FGD Plant for each unit has been considered and will be installed at the space provided behind the chimney. The design and layout of steam generator and its auxiliaries will be such that a wet/dry FGD system can be installed. The wet limestone based FGD Plant proposed for this Project will generate slurry of calcium sulfate (gypsum). Much of the water from the gypsum slurry is removed by dewatering process and then recycled. The dewatered Gypsum will be sold in the market.

Necessary provisions in the Steam Generator design and fuel Firing system will be made including installation of Selective Catalytic/Non-Catalytic Reduction (SCR/SNCR) units to reduce the NOX emission from the Steam Generator below 100 mg per Nm3 (as per MoEFCC standard) including thermal NOX produced during the entire operating range of Steam Generators.

The oxides of mercury (Hg), if present in flue gas, will be removed in SCR/SNCR unit and in FGD plant.

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(iii) Thermal pollution Heat loss through the stack is only about 8-10% of the total heat input to the furnace. This is nominal when compared with the capacity of earth as the heat sink and this would be adequately dispersed with the plume from the high stack. Moreover, majority of the heat in cooling tower is rejected in the form of evaporation loss. This does not cause any appreciable thermal pollution to the surrounding area. Moreover the area has moderate wind speed, rainfall and high dry bulb temperature.

(iv) Water Pollution Control System Effluent management scheme with zero discharge concepts will be implemented with the objective of optimization of various water systems so as to reduce intake water requirement which will result in lesser waste water discharge. The effluent management scheme will essentially involve collection, treatment and recirculation / disposal of various effluents. Adequate treatment facilities will be provided to all the waste streams emanating from the power plant to control water pollution.

There are a number of effluent water generation sources during operation of the power plant. Wastewater streams, which require treatment, will be subjected to carefully designed treatment facilities at source before disposal via Guard Pond. This Guard pond will act as the equalization pond for all the treated effluent streams. While finalizing the wastewater treatment scheme, the aspect of recycling and reuse of wastewater has been given due importance. Wastewater from guard pond will be treated in Reverse Osmosis Plant and treated effluent will be recycled back to raw water treatment system. This will ensure minimum drawl of surface water aimed at conservation of water. In the present case almost all the identified schemes need separate treatment facility because of their varying characteristics. The conceived treatment philosophy is briefly narrated below. 100 % reuse and recycling of liquid effluents has been considered to ensure “Zero Discharge” approach. The “Zero Discharge” will be ensured by the following approach:

Cooling Tower Blow down (CTBD) constitutes the major part of total effluent generated in a thermal power plant. CTBD from the proposed plant is estimated as 629 m3 / hr with a COC of 7. The CTBD will be reused for ash handling purposes.

52

All other effluents after primary treatment and remaining CTBD will be finally led to Guard pond for equalization. The total treated and equalized effluent collected in Guard pond is 78 m3/hr. The equalized effluent from the guard pond will be used in Coal Handling plant & Horticulture and the rest will be treated in Reverse Osmosis (RO) Plant. The treated effluent will recycled back to raw water treatment system. This RO plant reject will be reused in wet ash (bottom ash) handling system.

The major sources of liquid effluents exclusively for the proposed extension projects are:

1) Cooling Tower Blow down (CTBD) 2) Boiler Blow down (BBD) 3) Power House and Boiler Area Service Water Waste 4) Coal Handling Plant's Waste Water, Run-off from Coal Pile Area and

Wastes from DS System 5) Water Treatment Plant Waste & Filtration Plant Backwash 6) DM Plant Regeneration Waste 7) Sanitary Waste from plant toilets

Basic concept of the scheme is to allow discharge of wastewater through a single point. The quality of the discharged effluents will conform to relevant Standards for thermal power plants. The proposed treatment philosophy is broadly discussed below:

i. Cooling Tower Blow down (CTBD) Blow down from cooling towers is done to maintain the level of solids in the circulating water within the desired level. To prevent the algal growth, germicides like chlorine will be added in the circulating water.

It is estimated that CTBD will be 629 m3/hr. CTBD will be reused for ash handling. Extra CTBD water will be treated in RO plant for recycling and reuse.

ii. Boiler Blow down (BBD) Boiler blow down(BBD) is done to control dissolved solids in boiler water. This stream mainly contains some dissolved salts, though the amount is generally low. This stream may contain phosphates or other chemicals used for prevention of scale formation and corrosion. Quality of blow down varies with boiler size, maintenance, quality of makeup water etc. The BBD water will basically contain

53

some dissolved solids to a tune of 100 ppm, residual dissolved phosphate upto 20 ppm (max.) with pH (at 25oC) between 9 and 10. This water will have temperature of about 100oC that needs to be cooled before handling. It will therefore be quenched with a portion of CTBD in a pit and then led to the Guard pond.

iii. Power House and Boiler Area Service Water Waste This effluent is generated due to floor washings, leakages from bearing cooling systems, leakages from pumps, hydraulic couplings, oil leakage from oil burners etc. This effluent basically contains suspended solids and some oil & grease. This stream will be channelized to a corrugated plate interceptor (CPI) where oil and suspended solids would be efficiently separated at the bottom and oil/grease at the top. Since this oil will be a mixture of lubricants, grease, hydraulic oil, LDO, HFO etc., after recovery, it will be sold out which generally finds a good local market. Sludge will be disposed in an environment friendly manner. Clean water from the middle portion of the PPS will be led to the Guard pond.

iv. Coal Handling Plant's Wastewater and Coal pile area runoff Liquid effluents in the coal handling plant will be generated during dust suppression at the time of railway unloading of coal, in the primary crushed coal open stock pile and during reclamation from the store yard. A sizeable amount of the water sprinkled will be retained with the coal, certain amount will be lost due to evaporation and remaining water will be coming out as effluent containing mainly suspended solids. This stream will be led to a twin-chamber settling basin (1 working + 1 standby) where most of the coal particles will settle. The overflow conforming to the norm of discharge will be sent to the Guard pond. The overflow rate will be maximum 10m3/hr.

When one settling chamber will be full, the 2nd chamber will be put into service. The filled in tank can be cleaned during dry season. The dried solid sludge i.e. coal particles can be sold or fed back into the coal handling system.

Run-off from the coal pile area is generated due to sprinkling of water to contain fugitive dust generated from the entire coal pile area during non-rainy season. During rainy season it is generated basically due to rainfall on the coal pile yard. The main pollutant in this stream is coal particles in the form of suspended solids.

54

The run-off from the coal pile area or liquid effluents generated from DS system will be taken to above mentioned settling pond.

During heavy downpour, after initial hours of rain, supernatant will be clear water. Provision will be kept to dispose this rainfall run-off to plant drainage system bypassing the settling ponds.

Water Treatment Plant Waste : Water treatment waste is generated from two sources viz.

a. Sludge from the clariflocculator / plate settlers (estimated at m3/hr), and

b. Backwash of filters (estimated at 17m3/hr).

Filter backwash and sludge contains suspended particles in high concentration. Both of these effluents will be sent to ash slurry sump.

DM Plant Regeneration Waste DM Plant Regeneration Waste is generated due to periodic regenerations of resin-beds in the water demineralization plant. The waste quality and quantity depends on influent water quality, cycle of operations, type of resins etc. This stream contains salts of sodium, magnesium, calcium etc. and may also contain insignificant amount of heavy metals, if dissolved in DM Plant inlet water. This stream thus have high amount of dissolved solids and also may be acidic or alkaline.

This stream will be first neutralized in a tank by adding acid or alkali as required. The DM plant neutralized regeneration effluent flow rate will be approximately 19 m3/hr. The neutralized effluent will then be sent to the Guard pond for equalization.

Sanitary Waste from plant toilets Sanitary waste generated from the toilets within the plant area and canteen sullage will be treated in the Sewage Treatment Plant.

Guard pond A Guard pond has been contemplated to act as an equalization basin. The Guard pond will receive all treated effluents (approx. maximum quantity 78 m3/hr) as discussed above. The pond will serve as an equalization pond. A part of the discharged effluent from Guard pond will be treated in reverse osmosis plant for recycling into plant raw water treatment system.

55

Noise Pollution The major noise generating sources are turbines, generators, compressors, pumps, fans, coal handling plant etc. Acoustic enclosures shall be provided to control the noise level below 85 dB (A). Personal protective equipment will be provided to the persons working in high noise area. The potential environmental consequences can be either avoided or minimized in terms of size, scope and duration. It is based on the recognition that minimizing the environmental impact of an activity primarily entails managing the environmental consequence(s) of those activities by either avoiding them in the first place or by mitigating them to as low as reasonably practical. That is, any event will have an impact of some sort on the natural, social or economic aspects of the environment within which it occurs. However, the severity of the impact(s) depends on the extent to which the consequences to the environment can be eliminated or minimized. Therefore, the environmental consequences of each event can be either avoided or mitigated with proper management.

Ash handling and control of dust generation The dry fly ash is transported in closed trucks to cement plants and other users. The unutilized ash from fly ash silos will be disposed off by High concentration slurry disposal system to the ash pond. Due to this ash transported to ash dyke in solid form and wind born generation of dust will be minimal.

The dry fly ash from Fly Ash Storage silos will be used for fly ash brick manufacturing, lightweight aggregates manufacturing, cement admixtures, etc. Cement manufacturing companies shall be negotiated for usage of fly ash.

Bottom ash will be disposed through Lean Phase Slurry Disposal system to the ash disposal area.

Under exigency, there would be a provision of disposal of fly ash from the Plant in High concentration slurry disposal mode to the ash disposal area

A list of basic equipment/instruments for environmental monitoring and testing for the proposed station is furnished as under.

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List of Basic Equipment/Instrument for

Environmental Monitoring & Testing

Sl. No.

Equipment/Instrument

1 Respirable Dust Sampler. 2 Stack Monitoring Kit. 3 Spectro-Photometer. 4 Single Pan Balance. 5 pH Meter. 6 BOD Incubator. Sl. No.

Equipment/Instrument

7 Air Oven. 8 Water Distillation Assembly. 9 D.O. Meter. 10 Orsat Apparatus. 11 Kjeldahl Nitrogen Assembly. 12 Gas Liquid Chromatography. 13 Standard Laboratory Equipment and Appliances. 14 Continuous weather monitoring station (for monitoring of wind

speed, wind direction, air temperature, R.H. solar radiation and rainfall).

15 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. i) Fire Protection System.

For protection of the plant against fire, all yards and plant will be protected by anyone or a combination of the following systems :

a. Hydrant system. b. Automatic high velocity and medium velocity sprinkler system. c. HV & MV water spray (Emulsifier system). d. Fixed foam system for HFO & LDO tanks. e. Portable and mobile chemical extinguishers.

The system will be designed as per the guidelines of Tariff Advisory Committee (TAC) of the Insurance Association of India. Applicable Codes and Standards of National Fire Prevention Association (NFPA), USA, would also be followed. Separate instrumentation earthing shall be provided for protection of the system.

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4.3.1 Basic Information for Environmental Clearance.

Dhenkanal town is a major town and a large habitation center within 15 km from the plant site. The background pollution level, in terms of SPM, SOx, and NOx etc. of the area shall be maintained to be well within the prescribed limits of MoEF. As such the plot identified for the project does not involve any eviction and thus no rehabilitation would be necessary. Thus, no adverse economic impact is foreseen. As mentioned earlier, there would be no encroachment of any water body by the proposed project. Compensatory afforestation would, however, be required for around 83.94 acres (4.26% of total area). The project also considers establishing all the major cost intensive items for pollution control viz. ESP, chimney, low NOx burner for furnaces, waste water treatment and recycling, afforestation etc. as mentioned earlier, there is no environmentally fragile features viz. national park, sanctuaries, historical monuments within 25 km from the project site.

4.3.2 Ash Management Plan.

A plot of 466.242 acres has been identified for ash pond at a nearby village, Kateni for dumping ash generated from the proposed project. The ash generated can be gainfully utilized for captive mine filling, land filling of low lying areas located in closed vicinity and in cement plant. Possibility of selling ash for other uses would also be available and modality to minimize the requirement of ash dumping in the ash pond can be established.

The quantum of ash generation would depend on the plant load factor and the quality of coal being fed. In keeping with the designed system capacity envisaged for CHP, worst fuel parameters from the source mentioned earlier is used for equipment selection of the Ash Handling Plant. It has been estimated that about 715.38 tons Zhr (max.) of ash would be generated from the proposed project. Assuming the ratio of fly ash to bottom ash as 80:20, usually adopted for design of such application, about 48 tons/hr of bottom ash and 215tons/hr fly ash is required to be removed from each unit. Ash generation rate being moderate, intermittent ash removal arrangement with necessary storage hoppers (i.e. bottom ash hoppers, economisery air pre-heater/ESP hoppers) to hold ash for 8 hours is envisaged. Bottom ash evacuation is 11/2 hours per shift and fly ash evacuation in 4-41/2 hours per shift has been considered.

58

For the purpose of the present project report the above system has been considered for working out the project cost. The Ash handling system control room will be located adjacent to ESP control room for ease of operation.

The Heat balance Dia-gram, Water balance Dia-gram & Shole line Dia-gram of Plant water system prepared by the project proponent through Development Consultant Pvt. Ltd. are furnished overleaf.

59

60

61

62

4.4 Besides OTPC under take to comply following conditions from

environmental point of view as stipulated in MoEF & CC Letter No. J-13012/43/2012-IA.II (T) Dtd. 05.03.2013 (Copy enclosed) before and after operating the power plant at the project cost. More over conditions those will be imposed by the MoEF in the environmental clearance order shall be strictly complied by the the Project proponent.

4.5 The power plant and its other ancillary infrastructures will be setup in a

wildlife rich area and particulary where there is frequent man-elephant conflict entirely in the project impact area. Therefore, to have discussion, deliberation, meetings with VSS members and representatives of Grama Sabha of the project impact area regarding different mitigative interventions proposed in the plan has to be held in the conference hall at the Division office. Also there shall be discussion how to tackle man-elephant conflict inspite of project implementation.

It is proposed that the project proponent shall make available 4 nos. of

branded company split AC (2 ton capacity) for the conference hall of the DFO, Dhenkanal at the project cost.

63

FINANCIAL FORECAST OF THE INTERVENTION IN THE PROJECT AREA

Sl. No.

Name of the intervention Amount in lakhs

1 Development of green belt plantation as per para 4.1.3.1. Cost of 95.507 ha. 3 tier green belt inside the main plant area and around its other installations @ Rs. 3,21,296.00/-ha. Annexure-A-I = 306.860 lakhs.

306.860

2 Cost of avenue plantation over a length of about 9 km as per the proposed land use plan using ornamental, ever green and shade bearing tall and medium species on both the sides of road, parking lots, water corridor etc. with ten years 2,69,320/- per KM/one side. For two sides Rs. 5,38,640/- Annexure-A-II

48.4776

3 The project proponent shall make available four nos. of split AC to the DFO, Dhenkanal Division for their conference hall.

2.00

Total 357.3376

Add 20% towards wage escalation and rise of material cost 71.46752

Grand Total 428.8051 or

428.81

(Rupees four crore twenty eight lakhs eighty one thousand) only

64

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65

CHAPTER-5

PROPOSED MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES WITHIN

THE PROJECT IMPACT ZONE. 5.1 Interventions to be adopted by the Divisional Forest Officer in the

project impact area. The zone of influence up to a radius of 10 KMs from the plant site spreads over more than 300sqr kmtr, out of which the forest area is about 8158.623 ha, comprising of dense, open and shrub forests including RFs and Village Forests.

There are some 84 Revenue villages (including hamlets) interspersed

in the area with a total population of about 1,35,874 in about 31,770 nos house holds as per 2011 census. The SC & ST communities comprising of more than 34% of the total population reside in villages in and around the habitat, who depend on these forests to meet their requirement of forest produce like timber, fuel wood and NTFP in addition to the general communities below poverty line. The wild life, in general, share their range with these local communities

The forests in the ZI provide the habitat to a good population of wildlife

comprising of elephants, sloth bears, wild pigs, barking deers, jackles, hare monkeys, percupine, mongoose, pangolin, spotted deer, a variety of birds, reptiles, amphibians and insects.

Various mitigative interventions, such as, fire protections, habitat

development through ANR practices with enrichment gap plantations and block plantations consisting of mainly fodder species, suitable for elephants and other herbivours animals, creation of salt licks, pasture development and soil , moisture conservation measures and creation of artifical bird nestings on tall trees occuring out side project area etc. are proposed to be under taken in the forest blocks such as Sundarkhol RF, Sunajhari RF, Anlabareni RF, Kadalipal RF & Suniamaru RF etc.

5.1.1 To begin with, it is proposed to enlist the active support and involvement

of the members of Gram Sabhas and Van Smarakshyan Samities (VSS), where ever exists, in the zone of influence for conservation, protection and improvement of existing forests, wild life and its habitats.

The strategies proposed to be initiated are described below.

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5.1.2 Augmentation of staff strength by deployment of Wildlife protection and antidepredation squad :

The field staff strength of Kamakhyanagar West range of Dhenkanal Division is not adequate to extend support for protection of the forests in the zone of influence amidst their various assignments and workloads.

Therefore it is proposed to deploy a wildlife protection squad consisting of 10

youth from the local villages as per the approved cost norm issued by PCCF (WL) & CWLW, Odisha.

They will be given elementary training for about a week at the Forest Division

Headquarter on relevant aspects of conservation and protection, with the help of resource persons on the subjects. A corriculum for such training is to be developed encompassing subjects like importance of forests and wildlife, need for their conservation, protection and development, technique of forest regeneration, habitat development, control of forest fire, grazing, poaching, communication methodology to ensure people’s participation, tracking of elephants, prevention of elephant depredation, crop damage, human injury/casuality by wildlife etc.

They will be provided with a hired vehicle, POL and other logistics in anti-

depredation , anti-poaching and land fire fighting activities . They will work under the the direct supervision of range officer local Foresters/Forest guards as when and where required. They will be paid consolidated remuneration of Rs. 11,515.60/- per month.

A mobile barrack of size 30’ x 20’ with provision of a varandah and kitchen is proposed to be constructed at Kadalipal, at a strategic point, to house the Protection squad and local forest guards with an amount of Rs. 9.887 lakhs .

The detailed approved cost norm for deployment of squad is furnished at

Annexure-B (I). Inview of elephanht depredation occuring in south bank of rivger Brahmani

extending to Odopada area under control of Forester, Meramundali of Dhenkanal Range inside project impact area which is far from Kamakhyanagar, it is proposed to deploy another 5 member squad with the provisions as in approved 10 member squad to mitigate the man-elephant conflict there. The squad may be kept under control of Forester, Meramundali of Dhenkanal Range. Detail approved cost norms is furnished as Annexure-B-(I).

5.1.3 Awareness campaign : In addition to deployment of “Wildlife protection and anti-depredation

squad”, the 2nd step would be to sensitise the local communities, particularly young ones, in all of the villages and hamlets, located in the Zone of Influence about the need for preservation of wild life and its habitat and to save the forests from wild fire and grazing etc. Besides discussion in Gram Sabha and V.S.S meetings, individual contact and motivation is to be done by the squad personell. They will visit all the villages in a phased manner to incite involvement of villagers and evaluate response over a period of time.

67

Awarness through posters, street plays, competition among students,

film shows etc. can also be undertaken. All important conservation events like Vanmahatsav, wild life week, world forestry day, world environment day etc. should be celebrated in each village and knowledgeable persons on the subjects be invited to interact with the communities.

Awareness through installing suitable signages particularly along the

movement paths of elephants and their crossings on NH 200, state highway from Dhenkanal to Kamakhyanagar, railway line, Rengali canal and along village roads are proposed.

5.1.4. Patrolling The squad assisted by the local forester / forestguard will

patrol in forest area and will report incidents of illicit felling, encroachment,fire,poaching,elephant movement and depredation etc.

5.1.5 Cash awards and incentives :

In recognition of commendable performances in the field of forest, wildlife and environmental protection, cash awards, citations should be given to the field staff for maintaining high moral. Extra allowances should be given to staff for their arduous nature of work. Welfare activities for their families should be taken care of. The staff should be protected from counter cases by activating Forest-Police-Judiciary co-ordination meetings.

The expenditure on the above account will be met from the

compassionate fund kept at the disposal of DFO. The detailed cost estimates are furnished at Annexure-B-(II). 5.1.6 Incentive to local villagers : Some twenty numbers of villages located around the forest blocks which

constitute the habitat of wildlife, vizAnlabereni, Mahuli, Kusumjodi, Jaka, Kantiokateni, Tumushingha, Potasahi, Sogarkateni, Kadalipal, Mahuli, Udayagiri, Sunajhari, Bijadihi, Markata, Shamatangi, Bambura, Saruali, Tentulisingha, Kotagada, Ambakholakateni,will be moti vated to be involved in protection,fire fighting, prevention of poaching and anti depredation activities , assisting the potrolling squad.it is proposed to pay an incentive of Rs 5000/- annually to each village/VSS for creation of community assets.

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5.2 Restorative intervention in the habitat. The vegetative cover of the habitat are degraded due to heavy biotic

pressure at some patches.Even there are permanent blanks inside some of the RFs. The entire forested areas in the project impact zone get burnt twice during the fire season resulting in devastation of ground flora and subterranian fauna. More over, fire descicates the soil and affects the regeneration status.

With a view to improve the habitat and to provide better shelter and food

for wild animals, restorative intervenations as detailed below are proposed to be takenup .

5.2.1 Fire Management Plan

No systematic plan exists at present for fire management. Small amount of fund is released at the fag end of the year for engagement of a few fire watchers in a perfunctory manner, which is insignificant compared to the requirement.

5.2.1.1 Management action needed. All the RFs and village forests are surrounded by villages, hamlets. The habitat is therefore prone to incindiary and accidental forest fire, each year. The forest blocks such as Sundarakhol, Kadalipal, Sunajhari, Anlabereni & Suniamaru are the prime habitat of available wild fauna and also consitute temporary resting place and movement path of elephants, which use to migrate from Anantapur RF are required to be protected and developed.

5.2.1.2 Involving villagers in fire Prevention/fighting works : Awareness is required to be created amongst the local VSS and Grama sabha about the harmful effects of forest fire and the methods of preventing or combating forest fire prior to the fire season, with the help of local forest guard and wildlife protection squad proposed to be constituted. Special incentives @ Rs. 10,000/- per each are to be given to the 22 strategic V.S.S/Gram Sabha in extinguishing accidental fire as when and where required in the forest blocks hosting wildlife as narrated above. Constitution of 3nos local fire fighting squad It is proposed to constitute 3 effective local fire fighting squads consisting of 5 members each involving the concerned villages located around the forest blocks. These squad members will be provided with Fire blower

69

propose to be purchase to prepare fireline around the fire prone forest blocks during February-March every year. They will inform local forest staff regarding incidental fire and to extinguish the same with the help of range fire fighting squad and villagers. a) Squad no 1 with station at Muktaposi : For fire protection in

Kankeli RF, Siarimalia RF, Nandaberi (Part) RF and part of Sunderakhol RF, a squad consisting of 5 members is proposed to be constituted taking youths from Basoi, Kankeli, Bangura, Panasahi, Markata etc. villages. They will be stationed at Muktaposi during the fire season.

b) Squad no 2 with station at Anlabereni : Another firefighting squad consisting of 5 members will be stationed at Anlabereni for fire protection in Sunderkhol (Part) RF, Suniamaru RF, Kadalipal RF, Machia RF and Sunajhari RF. The squad will be constituted taking youths from Kadalipal, Kankadjharan, Bijadihi, Aluajharan, Mahuli, Ambakholakateni, Udayagiri, Sunajhari, Saruali, Mota, Kakudia and Mahulpal

c) Squad no 3 with station at pipala : The third squad will constituted for fire protection in Sunajhar RF(Part), Bhirapur RF under Bhuban Range with head quarter at Pipala. The squad members will be deputed by villagers such as Bhairapur, Badura, Pipala Kantakhol, Kangeilo etc.

These three squads will be supported by the Range level Fire protection squad proposed to be deployed and the local Forest Guards in fire fighting/prevention activities and will be deployed for a period of five months from 15th February to 15th June. Each members of the squad will be paid a consolidated remuneration of Rs. 8,400/- per month. The detailed cost estimate is furnished at Annexure-B (III-A).

5.2.1.4 Fire detection and fighting : It is proposed to constitute a fire fighting squad consisting of 10 young persion with provision of hired vehicle, POL and other logistic support as per the approved cost norm issued by PCCF (WL) & CWLW, Odisha for five fire months of the year over the plan period. The squad member will patrol in the impact area to extinguish the accidental fire as when and where required to with assistance of local squad and member of the VSS and Gram Sabha. The squad members will be stationed at Section Headquarter or at any convenient point which will decided by the Range Officer. The approved cost norm is annexed at Annexure-B (III).

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5.2.1.4.5 Provision for fire blowers : It is proposed to purchse 3nos of fire blowers, an modern instrument to extinguish forest fire and creation of fireline around the wildlife habitat extending over a length of 35km from the forest block along with conventional fire fighting tools like Spade, Axe, Shovel, Bill hook, Broom stick, & Jerry cane for carrying drinking water and food packet etc for fire fighting in the night time.

5.2.1.4.6 Training and firefighting drills :

Fire drills should be conducted involving different aspects of detection communication, transport and fire fighting at site. Record of fire in different years in different localities should be recorded on fire maps so as to indentify vulnerable areas. Fire safety measures, techniques of counter fire need to be taught. Post fire suppression operations viz., extinguishing, smoldering logs, assessing extent of fire, fire mapping, evaluation of loss due to fire etc. are to be taught.

5.2.5 Grazing control : Grazing by domestic cattle in the wildlife habitat can be controlled by

sensitizing the local communities about the harmful effects of grazing. They should also be motivated to rear high yielding mulching cows/buffalous for which stall feeding will be necessitated in place of free grazing in the forest.

5.2.7 Creation of enrichment plantations with elephant fodder Species :

The project impact zone is part of Mahanadi Elephant reserve and Maulabhanja – Jiridamali- Anantapur identified elephant corridor passes through the northern fringe of the impact zone.

Elephants migrate into the area during crop season, causing man-animal conflict and crop damages. It is proposed to enrich a portion of the habitat by planting only elephant fodder species including tending other natural regenerated elephant fodder species. The list of species to be planted as furnished below.

List of forest species consumed by elephants.

Sl. No

Local/English Name

Latin Name Uses by Elephants

1 Bamboo Dendrocalamus strictus Fodder 2 Kumbhi Carreya arborea Bark 3 Dhaman Grewia tilifolia Fodder 4 Kangada Xylia xylocarpa Fodder 5 Tentra Albizzia odoratisima Fodder 6 Mohul Madhuca latifolia Fruit

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Sl. No

Local/English Name

Latin Name Uses by Elephants

7 Jamun Syzigium cuminii Fruit 8 Arjun Terminalia arjuna Fodder 9 Asan Terminolia tomentosa Fodder 10 Bela Aegle marmelos Fruit 11 Gandhana Premna latifolia Fodder 12 Behenta Limonia acidicima Fodder 13 Char Buchnania lanzan Fruit 14 Moi Lanea coromondalica Bark 15 Dantari Acacia pinnata Fodder 16 Siali Bauhinia Vahili Fodder 17 Simili Salmalia malabarica Bark 18 Ber Ziziphus jujube Fruits/Fodder 19 Gambhar Gmelina arborea Fodder 20 Bara Ficus bengalensis Fodder/Bark As suggested by R.O. Kamakhyanagar West it is proposed to take up 100 ha ANR gap plantation 200 plants per ha with other silvicultural practices in Anantapur RF, the home of wild elephants and from where they use to move in the project impact area in search of food and water. Although the RF is out side of the project impact area as suggested by the RO the habitat is to be restored by way of enrichment plantations and water bodies. The plantation and the area to be regenerated shall be fenced with barbed wire fencing to prevent cattle grazing. The Govt. approved cost norm shall be adopted in raising the plantation. (Annexure-BIV). The cost estimate for barbed wire fencing per Km. is enclosed as Annexure-BV. The GPS co-ordinates of the site is furnished below.

5.2.8 Soil and water conservation measures : The forests of project impact zone are subjected to recurring annual fire causing complete burning of under growths, herbs, and grasses. As a result the soil gets completely exposed at some patches and surface runoff wash out soil, causing sheet erosion and forming deep gullies in the hilly terrain. Sunderkhol, Sunajhari, Suniamaru and Kadalipal RF blocks, which have good bio-diversity of both flora and fauna are to be given special attention for soil and water coservation measures to improve the habitat.

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It is proposed to take up measures like gully plugging and check daming across the seasonal and perennial nalas over the entire area. It is also proposerd to errect R.R. stone check dams in the catchment area of each Nala, over the small drainage channels, particularly in the above RFs, on the slopes totalling to 10 nos. and specifically where the water harvesting structures (WHS) will be constructed. As suggested by the local RO it Annexure- B(VI) is proposed to construct 3 nos. of masonary check dam with RCC lean reinforcement across Indrajeet nala, the main drainage system of the area to prevent massive soil erosion from the forest floor of Sunderakhol RF, Kadalipal RF, Sunajhari RF and Anlabereni RF. The dimensions of check dams with cost estimates are furnished at Annexure- B(VII).

It is also proposed to take up gully plugging at strategic locations inside KadalipalRF where massive soil erosion is taking place due to permanent opening of canopy cover and degradation of forests.

5.2.4 Creation of water harvesting structures (WHS). To conserve rain water for use by elephants and other animals during dry periods, water harvesting structures are proposed to be created. On field inspection and as suggested by concerned RO it is proposed to renovate, widen and deepen 1 no. of small water hole escavated inside Sunajhari RF at Udayagiri. As suggested by the RO 1 no WHS will be created inside Sundarakhola RF near village Somatangi and another inside Anantapur RF near Sahala Village. The WHS shall be created across seasonal/perennial nala by errecting earthen dams of required size with a masonary spill over at strategic location to discharge storm water to the down stream keeping sufficient water in the water bodies. The detail plan and estimate shall be prepared at the time of creation of WHS taking all ground condition into consideration. However a lumpsum amount Rs. 15.00 lakhs is proposed for each water body. These sites are rich in wild life and is the seasonal habitat of elephants. These water hole gets dried up during summer and animals, particularly the pachyderms face acute shortage of water.

It is proposed to widen and deepen these three waterholes to a size of 100mtr in length and breadth. The embankments on three sides will be strengthen by earth work maintaining proper slopes and soling RR boulders and turffing with grasses. Animals including elephants will enter into the water hole from the uphill side which is continuous to the forests. Drainage channels will be dug out on the uphill side over a length of about 20 mtr and a 5mtr long cement concrete spillover dam with lean reinforcement will be constructed across the channel to drain out the excess water during the torrential rains maintaning 2mtrs deep water all the time in all the three water holes.

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The GPS locations of these WHS are furnished in foregoing para.

5.2.4.1 Renovation of 2 nos old dug out waterhole : Two numbers of small sized water holes have been dug out inside Kadalipala RF at Kankadajharan and Machhia RF at Sogarkateni under elephant corridor development plan as shown by the concerned RO. These two RFs are the temporary habitat of elephants, from where they move to different villages in search of food and water causing crop damage and man-elephant conflict. These two water holes are also to be enlarged & deepen for meeting water requirement of elephants in dry season.

The earthen bunds of these waterholes constructed with loose earth get washed away during the rainy season. As per the suggestion of the Range Officer, it is proposed to strengthen the earthen dams with boulders soling and grass turfing. Besides a 3mtr length RCC spill over will be constructed in one of the corner of the waterhole to spill away the excess water during the rain. It is also suggested to create 2nos. of salt licks one each in the up-stream of the waterholes. The GPS locations of the waterholes is furnished in the foregoing para.

5.2.4.2 Excavation of elephant proof trench : It is proposed to excavate elephant proof trench as per approved design and Govt. approved cost norms over a length of 5Km along the boundary of Machhia RF near village Machhia adjoining to human habitations of that village to divert the elephants entering the village to the forest and to prevant man-elephant conflict, crop and house damage in the village. Detail plan and estimate is enclosed as Annexure- B-(XII).

5.2.4.3 Creation of water body inside Machhia RF : It is also proposed to excate a water body of size 40mt. x 30mt. x 3mt. inside the said RF to provide adequate water to the elephants during dry season at stategic location to confine the animals inside the RF.

5.2.5 Pasture Development. Palatable grasses like Stylo, Dinanath etc. can be grown by simply tractor ploughing and adding some organic inputs to the soil and sowing seeds after the 1st pre monsoon shower. These grass will continue to remain at the site through natural seeding and regeneration on a sustained basis for pasture by small herbivores.

It is proposed to create 8ha. of such pasture inside Anantapur RF, Sundarakhola RF, Sunajhari RF, Kadalipala RF, Machia RF and Sunajhari RF as per availability of extent of area. These pastures will be maintained annually by watering, adding additional cow dung manure and organic fertilizer etc. for a period of ten years. This will provide good fodder for the wild animals and may resist them from moving to open fields where they will be victim to poachers. The GPS location of the proposed sites are furnished in the foregoing para. However, the sites can be changed at the time of implementation of plan considering the field requirement and availability of wild fauna.

The cost estimates are furnished at Annexure-B(IX).

5.2.6 Development of salt licks. Wildlife, particularly, elephants have a strong liking for salts. Therefore, as a part of habitat improvement, some artificial salt licks are proposed to be created near the proposed 5 nos. WHS and near Kadalipala RF, Machia RF, Sunajhari RF, Bhairipur RF, Anantapur RF and Sunajhari RF away from human habitation as suggested by the RO. A total of 8 nos

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of salt licks are proposed to be created. The saltlicks will be maintained annually by adding rock salt, common salt earth and periodical watering during dry season over a period of 10 year. The GPS locations of the saltlicks are furnished in the foregoing para. The sites of salt licks can be changed during the implementation of the plan considering the field condition and availability of wild fauna in those RFS.

The cost estimate for creation and maintenance of the salt licks for 10 years is furnished at Annexure – B (VIII).

5.3 CREATION AND MAINTENANACE OF ALTERNATE HABITAT / HOME FOR THE AVIFAUNA (BIRDS), WHOSE NESTING TREES ARE TO BE CLEARED IN THIS PROJECT : In course of project implementation small and large trees providing shelter and nesting to a variety birds as narrated in Chapter-1, shall be felled and the birds will be home less. Therefore, to provide alternate habitat/home to these birds it is proposed to provide artificial bird nests on the large trees occurring in the near by forests around the project site preferably in Kadalipal RF, Sundarakhola RF and Sunajhari RF.

5.3.1 Importance of Avifauna

Birds plays a vital role in biological composition and maintenance of the ecosystem. They help in pollination of a variety of plants and dispersal of seeds. They contribute as agents of agricultural pest-control. They serve as indicators for environmental health. They enhance our personal, social and cultural well being. They fascinate human being with their amazing colours mellifluous songs and intriguing social behavior. Birds have found place in most of our cultural persuits, as themes in painting, handicrafts, textile fabrics, and as imageries in folklore and poetry.

There are about 2060 kind of birds (including species and sub-species) occurring in India out of which some 475 are fond in Odisha. Among them, as per estimation by ornithologists, about 260 build nests and breed within the limit of the State.

5.3.2 Details of bird found in the project impact area. BIRDS

Sl. No.

Local Name English Name Latin Name Schedule

1 Baga Heron Ardeola grayii IV 2 Banakukuda Red Jungle Fowl Gallus gallus IV 3 Bani Common Mynah

/ Bani Acridotheres tristis IV

4 Bhadabhadalia Indian Roller Coracias

benghalensis IV

5 Bhaliakhai Common grey hornbill

Tockus birostris

6 Chatak Pied crested cuckoo Clamator jacobinus IV

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7 Dahuka White Breasted Water Hen

Amaurornis phoenicurus

IV

8 Deulia para Blue Rock Pegion Columba livia IV

9 Gendalia Open billed stork Anastomus oscitans IV

10 Ghar chatia

House Sparrow Passer domesticus

11 Haladi Basanta Black Headed Oriole

Oriolus xanthornus IV

12 Harada Chadhei Greater Flamingo Crecapus phoenicopterus

IV

13 Kajalapati Black drongo Dicrurus macrocercus IV 14 Kapta Dove Streptopelia

chinensis IV

15 Kau (ati) Common Crow Corvus splendens V 16 Kau (Damara) Jungle Crow Corvus

marorhynchos IV

17 Kochilakhai Malabr pied Horn Bill

Anthracoceros coronatus

18 Koili Koel Eudynamis scolopacea

IV

19 Kumbhatua Crow Pheasant Centropus sinensis IV

20 Machharanka Pied King fisher Ceryle rudis IV

21 Mayura Peacock Pavo cristatus I

22 Panikua Small Indian Cormorant

Phalacrocorax niger IV

23 Pecha Spotted Owlet/ Pecha

Athene brama IV

24 Sankhachila Kite brahminy Haliastur Indus IV

25 Gunduri Patridge Francolinus pondicerianus

IV

26 Sua Parrot Psittacula krameri IV

27 Kathahana Chadei Wood pecker Picoides mnanus IV

5.3.3 Type of nests the bird build

The lengendary ornithologist Salim Ali in his popular “Book of Indian Birds” lists, ten main types of bird nests found in India.

1. Simple scrapes 2. Twig nests 3. Nests in tree holes

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4. Nests in escavated tunnels in earth banks 5. Nest build entirely of mud 6. Cup shaped nests of grass 7. Domed or Bell shaped nests 8. Pendant nests 9. Woven oblong purse nests 10. Nests in leaves stiched together.

Slightly modified versions of nests have also been listed by other ornithologists for different types of avi-fauna as furnished below. Sl. No.

Type of nest List of Avifauna

1 Pad nest on ground Red Jungle fowl

2 Hole/Crevice Indian myna, Large Indian Parakeet, copper smith barbet, Rose ringed parakeet

3 Cup nest House sparrow, Red vented Bulbul, Common Quail, Orange breasted green pigeon, Common babler, Common Lora.

4 Twig nest Spoted dove, cattle Egret, Blue rock pigeon, Black Drongo, Indian pond Heron, Little Egret, Coucal, Jungle crow, Indian Tree Pie, House crow, Paria Kite, Asian koel(Brood Parasite)

5 Tunnel nest White breasted kingfisher 6 Pendant Blue Jay

5.3.4 Creation of Artificial Eco-friendly/Bird nests

Kadalipal RF, Sundarakhola RF and Sunajhari RF in Kamakhyanagar west range covers an area of about 5216ha of forest area and are ideal sites of creation of artificial bird nesting considering density of crop and suitable location adjoining to the plant site.

5.3.5 Strategies for maintenance of artificial nesting

5.3.5.1 Fixation of artificial nests

As already indicated, the avifauna found in the project impact area use 6 types of nests as abode for breeding and living. Since it is practically not possible to build artificially, all such types of nests, only box nests are proposed to be fixed.

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5.3.5.2 Box nests :

It will be made of wooden planks of 15mm thickness. The Box size will be 15 x 15 x 25cm with an entrance hole of 08cm dia at top, leaving a margin of 03-04cm. The top will be either heap roof or slanting roof for easy drainage of rain water. In either case the slope will be to the sides for semi-permanency, the top can be secured with an aluminum sheet, after the wood is painted twice. The bottom should have one cm dia hole to drain water. In some of the boxes saw dust lining can be given at the bottom to absorb moisture and faeces. A variation in size of the box nests can also be made as shown in the pictures presented here with. Nest boxes suitable for birds can also be made of hollow off-cuts of logs, sap wood off cuts from a saw mill, 15mm planks, internodes of Bambusa bamboos (Sunderkania bamboo), nails, plain tin sheet, water proof paint, saw dust etc. About 500 nos. of such boxes will be made and securely fixed on tree branches at a height varying from 05 to 10mt. Different types of models of Box nests, Earth made nests, Wooden nests made out of tree trumps furnished below.

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Model showing fixation of hollow bamboo nests.

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Care will be taken to ensure that, the entrance/ exit hole of nest box is not blocked by any twig etc. Certain species of Myna, wood peacker, fly catcher, barbets, owlets, magpie, robin and blue jay are likely to occupy the nest boxes for nesting. Nest boxes will be periodically checked.

5.3.6 Bird bath

Birds need small pools of water in summer to flap their wings to cool off, to preen their feather and get rid of parasites. The nesting sites in the above RFs hoasts perennial nalas, water bodies and reservoirs of minor irrigation projects where they can take bath during summer. Therefore no specific bird baths are proposed to be created.

TENTATIVE COST ESTIMATE FOR CREATION OF ARTIFICIAL BIRD NESTS, FIXATION & MAINTENANCE

Sl. No.

Item of work Nos. Rate Cost in Rs.

1 Cost of Box nests 500 1,000/- 5,00,000.00 2 Labour charge for fixation of

500 nests on tall trees in the above RF. 100 mandays @ Rs. 224.30/- per each

100 mandays

280/- 28,000.00

3 Tools and rust proof wire/Cables for anchoring the nests

500 nos 100/- 50,000.00

4 Maintenance or replacement of nests where necessary.

500 nos 400/- 2,00,000

4 Unforseen expenditures and Transportation of nests by tractor to the sites and manually to the trees @ 10% of the total cost

77,800.00

Total

8,55,800.00

(Rupees Eight lakhs fifty five thousand eight hundred) only.

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5.4 Provision for a Butter fly park In order to compensate the loss of bio-diversity caused by clearance of about 38 ha.of forest area, due to implementation of the project, it is proposed to create a butter fly park to high light the role of butter flies in maintenance of ecological balance in their own small way, besides providing aesthetic pleasure.

The Butter fly park is proposed to be created inside urban areas like Dhenkal municiapalty / Kamakhyanagar NAC area for recreation and awareness of people The DFO, Dhenkanal Division shall decide the location of the park from management point of view during creation.

5.4.1 Detail proposal for creation of the park.

Name of the Park : Butter fly Park of Odisha Thermal Power Project, Kamakshyanagar Dhenkanal,Odisha.

Area of the park : 0.5 Acre ( 50m x 40m) Perimeter of the park : 180 rmt Breeding area : 0.131Acre Viewing area : 0.369 Ac Mud puddling area : 95 sft. Path way : 332rft. No. of water bodies to be created : 1no waterbody with fountain Length of water channel : 105 feet No. of plants to be planted :

A. Host Plant : 100 nos B. Nectar yielding Plant : 400 nos

The detail design of the park, species to be planted and cost estimate etc are furnished below.

5.4.2 Species of butterfly for the park

1 Common Crow 13 Common Leopard 2 Common Rose 14 Commander 3 Tailed Jay 15 Yellow Pansy 4 Common Mormon 16 Grey Pansy 5 Blue Mormon 17 Lemon Pansy 6 Common Banded Peacoak 18 Glassy Tiger 7 Common Emigrant 19 Plain Tiger 8 Common Grass Yellow 20 Striped Tiger 9 Common Jezebel 21 Lime Blue 10 Common Gull 22 Sun Beam 11 Yellow-Orange Tip 23 Common Mormon 12 Tawny coster 24 Blue Mormon

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5.4.3 List of Host and Nectar yielding plants : The detailed list is furnished

below. Out of the list, some 100 Host plants & 400 Nectar yhielding plants are proposed to be planted in the park.

List of Nectary yeiliding plants proposed to be planted in the

Butterfly Park

List of Host plant proposed to be planted in the ButterFly park

1 Barleria 1 Annona 2 Begunia 2 Areca Palm 3 Bleeding Heart 3 Ashok 4 Calenchus 4 Bamboo 5 Carentic 5 Bel 6 Chinarose 6 Bryophyllum 7 Clerodendron 7 Caesalpininia 8 Duranta 8 Calotrophis 9 Eranthimum 9 Casia 10 Hamelia 10 Caster 11 Inca 11 Ciprus 12 Ixora 12 Citrus 13 Ixora (Mini) 13 Fern 14 Jasmine 14 Hibiscus 15 Jatropha 15 Jamu 16 Karabira 16 Kanchan (Hybrid) 17 Lantana 17 Karanj 18 Lily 18 Moringa 19 Marenta 19 Ornamental Bamboo 20 Morning Glory 20 Phoenix Palm 21 Musanda 21 Rowlfia 22 Nerium 22 Zizyphus 23 Pentax 24 Plumbago 25 Preroma 26 Quifia 27 Rohea 28 Shrubs 29 Spathophyllum 30 Stachytarpheta 31 Tagar 32 Termelia 33 Thumbergia 34 Vinca

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5.4.4 Approximate cost estimate for creation of Butter Fly Park

1 Site clearance, leveling etc. : Rs. 50,000.00 2 Creation of 3 nos. of small water tank of

size 2mt x 2mt x 2mt and 1 mt in depth @ Rs. 40,000/- per each.

: Rs. 1,20,000.00

3 Construction of Pathway with rorrum & ramming as per requirement on LS.

: Rs. 1,00,000.00

4 Cost of plantation for 100 nos of hosts plants @ Rs. 4,15,300/- per 1000 nos with 4years maintenance.

: Rs. 41,530.00

5 Cost of plantation for 400 nos of nectar yielding plants @ Rs. 4,15,300/- per 1000 plants with 4 years maintanance

: Rs. 1,66,120.00

6 Wages of one caretaker of the park for a period of 10 years @ Rs. 1,00,800/- per year

: Rs.10,08,000.00

Total Rs. 14,85,650.00

(Rupees forteen lakhs fifty eighty fine thousand six hundred fifty six) only NB: Govt. approved cost norm for Urban Plantation (Annexure-X) have been

proposed for the above two types of plantation. Although maintenances from 5th year to 10th year is being proposed in other type of plantations, this has not been included cost norms here as a permanent watcher is deployed for 10 years who will take care of the plantations from fire and grazing upto 10th year. Besides he will take up other silvicultural operations as when required.

A model for creation of Butterfly park is furnished with different dimensions below for reference.

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5.5 Provision for protection of Fresh Water turtles (Lissemys spp) in side

and on the banks of river Brahmani and to protect young ones from predator attack during breeding season (Nov. to Feb.).

5.5.1 It is proposed to conduct Awarness Campaign through poster, hoarding,

signags and meetings in the villages along the rever bank for conservation of turtles. Besides action to be taken to control sand mining, dredging, collection of bolders particularly at the nesting and breeding sides an amount of Rs. 2.5 lakhs is proposed for the same.

5.5.2 It is proposed to install 50 nos. of signage @ 25 in each bank near

villages and Bathing & ferry ghats for public awareness with in an amount of 2.5 lakhs.

5.5.3 It is proposed to deploy 10 nos. of Protection watcher in consultation

with river side villagers/VSS members to prevent biotic & anthropogenic inter ferences and attack to the young ones from predator attack during breeding season. They will work under the control of local FG/Fr who will take legal action against the offenders.

10 nos @ Rs. 8,400.00/month x 4 months x 10 years = Rs. 33,60,000/-.

All total a sum of Rs. 33.6 lakhs is proposed for the mitigative measures spreading over the plan period.

5.6 Provision for protection and proliferation of migratory open billed

storks (Anastomus oscitans). Artificial bird nestings have been proposed for the indigenous birds

affected due to project implementation in the forested areas in para 5.3. However additional mitigative interventions are being proposed for the migratory open bill storks occurring on both the banks of river Brahmani in side project impact zone for their protection and conservation of bio-diversity in general. a) Awareness campaign is to be made in the river side villages through

meetings, posters, installing signages and hoardings by the range staff. An amount of Rs. 5.00 lakhs on lum sum is proposed for the same.

b) Plantations of Neem, Babul, Barring tonnia, Avicennia, Sababool & Acacia species are proposed at strategic locations on the river bank for roosting and hatching of the birds. Is is poposed to plant 5,500 nos. of plants of above species at a spacing of 15 meters speading over 40 KM length of river bank at patches. All total Rs. 6.86 lakhs is proposed for the same.

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5.7 Other supporting activities. As narrated in Chapter-1 para 1.2 the inhabitants of the project impact zone particularly around the forest fringe are poor SC & ST people, who mostly depend on the forests for their livelihood by collection of fuel wood, small timber and NTFP items, for trading purposes. In order to divert them from this practices and to supplement their income the following support activities are proposed to be implemented as a socio-economic measure.

5.7.1 Honey Bee keeping: Bee keeping is a profitable business in these area where natural resources are available in plenty. The benificiaries, preferably forest dependant people, shall be identified in villages of impact zone at the time of distribution of honey bee box by the local forest staff It is proposed to provide 30nos of honey bee box with accessories to the said beneficiries for honey bee keeping. The District Small Scale Industries Center can provide them necessary technical guidance and marketing facilities under the poverty eradication programmes.

5.7.2 Manufacture of Sal and Siali leaf plates. This small scale industry is very much popular among the poor people, particularly the tribals. If financial and technical support is provided to them some people of buffer zone who traditionally collect sal leaves for plate making, can take up the trade in a commercial scale. There is adequate raw material available in the local forests to run the industry on a long term basis. It is proposed to provide a few khali leaf pressing machine to the said villagers on experimental basis.

,

5.7.3 Self Help Group Women Self Help Groups are being encouraged in the State in a big way to make them self reliant. All the activities and marketing of products can be done through such self help groups. Some self help groups are functioning in the project impact zone. They are engaged in Vegetable cultivation, Poultry, Goatry, Fishery, Sal leaf business etc. The SHG of Basoi, Aluajharan etc. consisting of six groups can be encouraged for promoting vegetable marketing, pampad and pickles preparation on experimental basis with full financial support from this project. Other SHG groups of impact zone who will show interest for above activities in future can be included in such capacity building activities.

5.7.4 Farm Forestry and Institutional Planting. Indigenous plants can be planted on the farm bunds, village community land, avenues and different institutions. The species should be fruit bearing like Mahul, Mango, Tamarind, Panas, Chara, Bela and Medicinal plants like Anla, Harida, Bahada, Barakoli, Lemon, Sunder kania bamboos etc., so that villagers while improving the environment can also meet their need of forest materials.

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Therefore, it is proposed to distribute 5,000 nos. of saplings of these species, free of cost to the villages such as Markata, Kankeli, Sunajhari, Patharakhamba, Kadalipal, Anlabereni and other villages of the project impact area who depend upon the forests for their domestic consumption as well as for commercial sale purposes, over a period of ten year. The beat guard may supervise the planting and render necessary technical guidance for surviral growth of the saplings. The detailed cost estimate is furnished at Annexure- B(XI).

5.8 Vaccination of cattle. As the cattle of the area graze in the forest by tradition and come in contact with wild herbivors, any cattle born epidemic may affect wild animals. Hence, the cattle population should be immunized at regular intervals with the help of local veterinary Deptt. This will not only prevent spread of cattle borne diseases to wild animals but also raise the milk yielding capacity of the domestic cows.The project proponent shall organize immunization camps in co-oridnation with District Veterinary Deptt. out of their fund under CSR Scheme.

5.9 Management of interface between man and wild animals. The movement of mega wild life like elephants have been narrated in

para 1.7 of chapter-1. Also the man-aninmal conflict relating to crop damage, human injury, human kill, etc. have been narrated in para 1.8 of Chapter-I

To ameliorate the man-elephant conflict, measures, such as awareness campaign, augmentation of staff strength by creation of wildlife protection and anti-depredation squad, involvement of VSS/Grama sabha in protection of habitat, assisting the forest staff in antidepredation and antipoaching activities etc. have been suggested.

Habitat development measures such as creation of enrichment plantations pasture, water harvesting structure, salt lick etc. may help to confine the wildlife to the habitat, which may not go to human habitations to cause crop damage etc. In addition to this, the following measures are proposed to ameliorate the man-animal conflict.

5.9.1 Hired vehicle meant for the protection squad shall be fitted with

communication equipments, search lights, flood lights, hooters etc. as propose in the earlier paras will be kept at the range headquarters. On receipt of information about possible man-animals conflict and poaching, it will move to the site carrying the protection squad to take necessary action. Crackers, drums etc. may be given to the affected villages annually to drive away elephants causing crop damages. The detailed strategy is to be worked out by the range staff.

The detailed cost estimate is furnished at Annexure- B(II).

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5.9.2 At present there are no man made linear infrastructures to cause obstructions in the movement of elephants in the impact area except Rengali north bank canal and its distributories. The irrigation authorities are constructing RR boulder ramps across the canals at the possible sites of elephant crossing as narrated in Para 1.4 of Chapter-1.

The proposed Railway line from Haridashpur to Talcher via Sukinda, Bhuban

and Kamakhyanagar and the NH-200 from Bhuban to Talcher via Kamakhyanagar after their completion will cause problem for the passage of elephants in future.

Besides widening of the State Highway from Kamakhyanagar to Dhenkanal and

the proposed Rly line from the project site to Sadashivapur over a distance of about 20kms on the Cuttack-Talcher BG railway line for transportation of raw materials to the site will also be a barrier for free movements of elephants in future. A separate plan shall be prepared during constuction of railwayline for the free movement of elephants in the impact zone.

Prevention of Electrocution of elephants Incidence of elephant casualties due to electrocution is increasing. It is essential that the power supply Companies like CESCO are prevailed upon to maintain their installation on a sustained basis. No sagging of high tension lines beyond the prescribed limit should be allowed. All towers and poles, holding the transmission lines should be provided with barbed wire cover to prevent elephants coming in contact and damaging such installation.There shall be well coordination between Forest & Energy Deptt. regarding sagging of high tention lines to prevent casuality of elephant due to electrocution.

5.11. Provision of Compassionate Fund.

The depredation problem can be effectively tackled with the participation of village people and local representatives keeping the communication channel open. Timely assessment of physical injury and casuality and payment of compensation is very important and it should be done at the right time to win the confidence of the people. Recently Govt. have enhanced the rate of compensation amount for crop damage, human injury and kill and liberalized the process of investigations in to human injury and kill by wild animals. A compassionate fund is proposed to be created and OTPCL will deposit Rs. 15.00 lakhs with the DFO to operate the fund to meet exigencies.

5.12 Locations of proposed interventions with GPS co-ordinates. Sl No.

Particular of Intervention Name of the site

GPS Co-oridinate Latitude Longitude

1 100ha ANR plantation in Anantapur RF Kadubasanta 21000’02” 85029’16.9” 2 WHS-1 Anantapur RF Sahala 20059’37.06” 85034’18.0” 3 WHS-2 Sundarakhola RF Tendakhola 20053’01.1” 85029’02.9” 4 WHS-3 Sunajhari RF Udayagiri 20050’59.04” 85034’37.6” 5 Renovation of small water hole in

Sundarakhola RF Kadalipala 20050’13.8” 85029’57.1”

6 Renovation of water hole near Macchia RF Jamujhara 20047’52.4” 85033’54.9” 7 Pasture Site-1Sunajhari RF 20050’52” 85034’37.5”

87

Sl No.

Particular of Intervention Name of the site GPS Co-oridinate Latitude Longitude

8 Pasture Site-II Anantapur RF Sahala 20059’44.5” 85034’7” 9 Pasture Site-III Sunadarkholo RF Samatangi 20053’4.7” 85029’13.5” 10 Pasture Site-IV Kadalipala RF 20050’16” 85029’48” 11 Pasture Site-V Machia RF 20050’16” 85029’48” 12 Pasture Site-VI Sunajhari Village 20051’52.6” 85033’58.0” 13 Salt lick-I Sunajhari RF Udayagiri village 20050’54.8” 85030’25.0” 14 Salt lick –II Anantapur RF Sahala 20059’37.2” 85034’6.8” 15 Salt lick-III Sundarakholo RF Samatangi 20053’1.5” 85029’24.2” 16 Salt lick-IV Kadalipal RF Kankadajhar MIP 20050’4.8” 85030’25.0” 17 Salt lick-V Sunajhari RF 20050’58” 85036’34” 18 Salt lick-VI BharipurRF Deuli sahi village 20051’16” 85037’26” 19 RCC Check dam across Indrajeet Nala –I 20049’22.5” 85031’44.2” 20 RCC Check dam across Indrajeet Nala –II 20049’04.9” 85031’56.5” 21 RCC Check dam across Indrajeet Nala –III 20048’29.1” 85032’01.1” 22 Mobile barrack at Kadalipal Kadalipala 20049’59” 85030’12” 23 Location of artificial bird nesting Kadalipala RF 20050’40.8” 85028’45.0”

Sundarakhola 20051’20” 85030’26.5” Sunajhari RF 20050’53.5” 85033’14”

24 Location of elephant proof trench along the boundary of Analabereni RF

Machhia RF 20047’23.2” 85033’44.7” 20047’08.2” 85033’40.8” 20047’6.5” 85034’7.8”

25 Location of water body inside Machhia RF Machhia RF 26 Location of open wells to be covered for

protection of animals. Kamagara Malabandha (3 nos)

20044’51.2” 85033’46.3”

Ananta Sahu 20049’44.5” 85033’19.5” Arakhita Pradhan 20049’48.7” 85033’11.5” Udaya Sahu 20049’39.9” 85033’13.4” School Tala 20049’39.3” 85033’03.7” Kedar Sahu 20049’39.3” 85032’56.0” Marichakan 20050’24.7” 85011’17.3”

20050’21.2” 85031’21.3” Nuangabil 20050’03.3” 85031’26.5”

20049’53.6” 85031’23.9”

5.12. Monitoring, Evalution Mechanism and Training : A monitoring cell is proposed to be created at the Division Hqrs. headed by one of the Assistant Conservator of Forests working in the Division office. He will be assisted by one computer data operator. Infrastructure development like water supply facility, computer room, air conditioner, support staff etc. will be provided to him by the project proponent for which provision has been kept in the Financial forecaste in the Chapter-4. The criteria for evaluation of the out come of this plan may be as follows.

88

i) Level of human-animal conflict indicators like, number of human injuries and death of humans in the zone of influence.

ii) Incidence and extent of fire (indicator frequency, area bunt etc.). iii) Grazing pressure (No. of cattle being grazed in the area). iv) Illegal felling (No. of incidents/cases).

Base line data on all the four criteria should be collected during the first year of imlementation of the plan and there after done every year for monitoring changes/success.

5.13.1 To begin with, base line data on the following indices will be collected through the range staff assisted by community foresters. The efficacy of the management proposed in this plan will be assessed continuously through systematic observation of the changes which will be recorded. i) Vegetation indices. ii) Sign survey of herbivores and carnivores at half yearly intervals on fixerd

line transects. iii) Forest fire. iv) Incidents of killing of animals and human beings, crop and house

damages, removal of timber from forests, habitat destruction, straying of animals in to habitations etc.

v) Water flow regime and quality : This information will be collected from the environment monitoring cell, which will function at the project site.

5.13.2 Training: Organisation of short capsule courses in which experts will be

invited in relevant fields and shall impart training to the Foresters/Forest Guard/V.S.S members and protection squads regarding elephant management, elephant tracking and driving from crop raiding, fire fighting, census of animals and other protection aspects.

5.13.3 Inter-departmental co-ordination .

Various Departments like Agriculture, Horticulture, Soil Conservation, Tribal Welfare, Rural Development, Education, Health and Family Wellfare, Community Development, Pachayat Raj etc. are working in the zone of influence. Effective cross-sectoral coordination is required for synergy among various departments operating in the area. A District Level Coordination Committee (DLCC) under the Chairmanship of District Collector is already in existence. Implementation of various developmental activities as suggested in this plan, relating to departments like Veterinary, Health, Horticulture Small Industries etc. should be reviewed in the DLCC and appropriate measures taken for success of the programmes.

5.13.4 Overlapping of wildlife conservation plans of other industries/mines etc. Only one conservation plan relating to Sukinda Talcher railway line has been

approved whose impact area partly overlaps with the current plan .

5.14 Plan period. This plan has been prepared for a period of 10 years. Interim revision may be taken up after assessing the results of evaluation done through the monitoring cell. OTPCL has given undertaking to prepare subsequent plans in continuation to this plan one year before expiry of the subsisting plan.

89

FINANCIAL FORECAST OF THE INTERVENTIONS IN THE PROJECT IMPACT AREA TO BE IMPLEMENTED BY DFO,

DHENKANAL DIVISION Sl. No.

Item of works Total in lakhs

1 a) Deployment of One Wildlife protection cum antidepredation squad with provision of hired vehicle, POL and other logistic support as per the approved cost norm of PCCF(WL) & CWLW, Odisha for a period of 10 years.

@ Rs. 17,94,000/- per annum x 10 years = 179.40 lakhs. (Annexure-B-I).

b) Deployment of an additional Wildlife Protection and Anti depredation Squad with provision of hired vehicle, POL and other logistic support as per the approved cost norm of PCCF(WL) & CWLW, Odisha for a period of 10 years on the South Bank or Brahmani River under control of Forester, Meramundali of Dhenkanal Range to mitigate the man-elephant conflict in that area.


c) Cost of construction of a barrack at Kadalipal to house the “Wildlife Protection Squad” and the local forest gurad.

d) Provision for purchase of anti-depredation equipments such as communication equipments, search and high illumination lights, flare gun, verotile pistol, drums and crackers to drive out the wild elephants from crop and house raiding on lumpsum Rs. 10.00 lakhs

e) Excavation of elephant proof trench along the boundary of Machhia RF near village Machhia to prevent entry of elephants in to human habitations in the locality over a length of 5RKM.@ of Rs. 7.7 lakhs. .

f) Cost of protection of 12 nos. of open wells occurring in the project impact area as per GPS coordinates furnished in Chapter-5 of Para-5.12 for protection of wild animals/ Wild elephants @ Rs. 15,000/- per each totaling to Rs. 1.8 lakhs.

179.40

179.40

20.00

10.00

38.5

1.8

2 Awareness campaign, management of inter-face between man and wild-animals, particularly elephants (Annexure-B-II)

48.20

3 Fire Management: As per para 5.1.2 and Annexure-B(III) & B(III)A 160.70

4 Habitat and corridor development through 100 ha ANR practices with gap plantation consisting of elephant fodder, indigenous & fruit bearing species @ 200 plants per ha inside Anantapur RF with provision of Barbed Wire fencing around the plantation site.

i) 100 ha. ANR practices with gap plantation @ Rs. 40,178/- = Rs. 40,17,800/- Annexure B-IV

ii) 5 strand Barbed wire fencing using RCC posts over a length of 4km @ Rs. 8,10,000/- per Km. = Rs. 32,40,000/- Annexure-B-V

72.578

5 a) Creation of 03 Nos. of Water Harvesting Structure (WHS) by erecting earthen dam across Seasonal nalas/Perennial nala with provision of R.C.C spill way and strengthening the embankments by boulder soling, turfing etc. First one at Sundarkhola RF near Samatangi, Second one inside Anantapur RF near Sahala Village, Third one at Sunajhari RF near Udaygiri village @ 15,00,000/- each on lump sum as per location shown on map in chapter-6.

b) Provision for stabilization of embackments by boulders soling, turfing and construction of spill way for the 2 nos of small WHS excavated inside Kadalipal RF & Machhia RF under corridor development plan @ 4,50,000/- each.

c) Excavation of a water body of size 40mt. x 30mt. x 3 mt. inside Machhia RF to provide water to the wild elephant in the RF at a cost of Rs. 5.6 lakhs.

45.00

9.00

5.6

90

Sl. No.


6 a) Soil and moisture conservation measures as per para 5.2.3 in the catchment areas of Nalah, over small drainage channels originating from hill slopes by erecting check dams in Sunajhari RF, Anantapur RF & Sunderakhol RF and where water harvesting structures are proposed to be created. Total 10 Nos. @ Rs.20,901/- per each. (Annexure-B-VI) = Rs.2,09,010.00

b) Construction of 3nos of masonary check dams with RCC lean reinforcement in Indrajeet nala 3nos x 1,05,809/- = Rs. 3,17,427.00 (Annexure- B-VII)

c) Provision for gully plugging in side Kadalipal RF on lumpsum = Rs. 3,00,000.00.

8.264

7 Creation and development of artificial salt licks near the proposed WHS, near the three MIP reservoirs and any other suitable locations inside the R.Fs as mentioned in page 87 of zone of influence as per para 5.2.7 Total 8 Nos. to be developed and maintained for 10 years. @ Rs. 50,280/- per each. (Annexure-B-VIII)

4.022

8 Development of pastures by seed sowing on the bank of Nalas and near the WHS and near Bhogabareni Dam inside Anlabereni RF, near village Sunajhari inside Sunajhari RF and near other 2 old water holes proposed to be renovated or any other suitable locations in the R.Fs as mentioned in page 8 over 8ha. and subsequent maintenance for 9 years @ Rs. 40,512/- per ha. (Annexure-B- IX) = Rs. 3,24,096/-

3.24

9 Provision for artificial bird nestings inside Kadalipal RF, Sundarakhola RF and Sunajhari RF.The cost estimate for the Bird nesting is furnished at page 78 .

8.558

10 Provision for a model Butterfly park. The site of creation shall be decided by the DFO, Dhenkanal Division at the time of implementation of the plan preferably in urban areas like Dhenkanal Muncipalty/Kamakhyanagar NAC Detail estimate for creation of Park is furnished at page 81. Approved cost norm for raising Plantation inside the park enclosed at (Annexure-B-X) .

14.8565

11 Protection of fresh water turtle inside and on the banks of river Brahmani in the project impact zone a) Installation of 50 signages @ Rs. 5,000/- in each bank = 2.5 lakhs b) Awareness campain in 25 river side villages @ Rs. 10,000/- each = 2.5 lakhs c) Deployment of 10 protection watchers through service provider during breeding

season (Nov. to Feb.) 10 x 11,515.60 x 4 months x 10 years. = 46.06 lakhs.

51.06

12 Provision for protection of migratory open billed starks occurring along both the banks of river Brahmani in the impact zone. a) Awareness campaign through posters, hoadings, signages and meetings in river side

villages located adjacent to nesting sites. = 5.00 lakhs b) Plantation of Neem, Babul, Barring tonia, Avicennia, Subabool etc species at strategic

locations along the river banks to create roosting sites for the brids. = 6.86 lakhs

11.86

13 Financial support to 20 strategic villages located around the habitat in zone of influence to protect the habitat and to assist the staff in antidepredation and antipoaching activities and to curb man-animal conflict as per details at Para 5.2.2 i. Cash award @ Rs.10,000/- per annum. Rs.10,000/- X 20 Nos. X 10 Yrs = Rs.20,00,000/-

20.00

14 Proposal for free distribution of 5,000 nos. of two years old seedlings of spp. Like Mahul, Mango, Tamarind, Panas, Chara, Bela and Medicinal plants like Anla, Harida, Bahada, Barakoli, Lemon, Sunder kania bamboos etc. per anum to the six tribal villagers depending on forest for their livelihood residing in the project impact zone as per para- of Chapter-5.3.4 5,000 x 35.40 x 10years (Annexure-B-XI).

17.7

91

Sl. No.


15 Support Activities- As per 5.3. i) Proposal for free distribution of honey bee box with accessories to the forest

dependant villagers under BPL category and preferably SC/ST communities residing the project impact area for honey bee culture. 30 nos @ 5000/- each = 1,50, 000/-

ii) Proposal for providing 2 nos leaf plate press machine to forest dependant villagers under BPL category and preferably SC/ST communities residing the project impact area for preparation of Khali leaf plate @ 50,000/- each 1,00,000/-

iii) Proposal for financing 6 Self Help Groups(SHG) at village Basoi and Aluajharana any other active, enthusiastic SHG groups constituted in villages in side project impact area for promoting vegetable marketing and preparation of pampad & pickles @ Rs, 70,000/- each 4,20,000/-

6.70

16 Monitoring, evaluation and training including cost of computers, remote sensing and other equipment etc. as per para 5.6 under the Chairmanship of RCCF, Angul. @ Rs. 1,00,000/- per annum.

10.00

17 Provision of compassionate Fund as per para 5.4.3 15.00

Total 941.4385

Add 20% extra towards escalation of wage rate/material cost 188.2877

Grand Total 1129.7262

or 1129.73

(Rupees Eleven crore Twenty nine lakhs Seventy three thousand) only The OTPC Ltd. do undertake to deposit Rs. 1129.73lakhs (Rupees Eleven crore Twenty nine lakhs Seventy three thousand) only with the Divisional Forest Officer, Dhenkanal Division after due approval of the plan by PCCF (WL) and CWLW, Odisha for execution of different interventions in the project impact area and also undertake to prepare subsequent plans in continuation to this plan at least 02 years in advance and submit not less than 01 year before expiry of this plan.

92

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g, t

urf

ing

and

con

stru

ctio

n

of s

pill

way

for

the

2 n

os o

f sm

all W

HS

exc

avat

ed in

side

K

adal

ipal

RF

& M

ach

hia

RF

un

der

corr

idor

dev

elop

men

t pl

an @

4,5

0,00

0/-

eac

h

4.5

4.5

- -

- -

- -

- -

9.0

95

Sl.

No.

Pa

rtic

ular

of

wor

ks

0th

&1s

t ye

ar

(Am

ount

in

lakh

)

2nd

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

3rd

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

4th

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

5th

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

6th

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

7th

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

8th

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

9th

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

10th

ye

ar

(Am

ount

in

lakh

.)

TOTA

L

c)

Exc

avat

ion

of W

ater

bod

y of

si

ze 4

0mtr

x 3

0mts

insi

de

Mac

hh

ia R

F.

5.

6

5.

6

7 a)

Soi

l an

d m

oist

ure

con

serv

atio

n

mea

sure

s as

per

par

a 5.

2.3

in t

he

catc

hm

ent

area

s of

Nal

ah, o

ver

smal

l dra

inag

e ch

ann

els

orig

inat

ing

from

hill

slo

pes

by

erec

tin

g ch

eck

dam

s in

A

nla

bere

ni R

F, S

un

ajh

ari R

F,

An

anta

pur

RF

Su

nde

rakh

ol R

F an

d w

her

e w

ater

har

vest

ing

stru

ctu

res

are

prop

osed

to

be

crea

ted.

Tot

al 1

0 N

os.

@

Rs.

20,9

01/-

per

eac

h.

(Ann

exur

e-B

-X) =

Rs.

2,09

,010

/- 1.

0450

5 1.

0450

5

2.

0901

b)

C

onst

ruct

ion

of

3n

os

of

mas

onar

y ch

eck

dam

s w

ith

RC

C

lean

re

info

rcem

ent

in

Indr

ajee

t n

ala

3nos

x

1,05

,809

/-

=

Rs.

3,

17,4

27.0

0 (A

nnex

ure-

B-V

I)

2.11

618

1.05

809

3.17

427

c)

Pro

visi

on f

or g

ully

plu

ggin

g in

si

de K

adal

ipal

RF

on l

um

psu

m =

R

s. 3

,00,

000.

00.

2 1

3.00

96

Sl.

No.

Pa

rtic

ular

of

wor

ks

0th

&1s

t ye

ar

(Am

ount

in

lakh

)

2nd

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

3rd

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

4th

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

5th

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

6th

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

7th

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

8th

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

9th

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

10th

ye

ar

(Am

ount

in

lakh

.)

TOTA

L

8 C

reat

ion

an

d de

velo

pmen

t of

ar

tific

ial s

alt

licks

nea

r th

e pr

opos

ed W

HS

, nea

r th

e th

ree

MIP

res

ervo

irs

of z

one

of in

fluen

ce

as p

er p

ara

5.2.

7 To

tal 8

Nos

. to

be d

evel

oped

an

d m

ain

tain

ed fo

r 10

yea

rs. @

Rs.

50,

280/

- pe

r ea

ch. (

Ann

exur

e-B

-VII

I)

1.62

5 0.

284

0.28

4 0.

284

0.28

4 0.

284

0.28

4 0.

284

0.28

4 0.

125

4.02

2

9 D

evel

opm

ent

of p

astu

res

by s

eed

sow

ing

on t

he

ban

k of

Nal

as a

nd

nea

r th

e W

HS

an

d n

ear

Bh

ogab

aren

i Dam

insi

de

An

labe

ren

i RF,

nea

r vi

llage

S

un

ajh

ari i

nsi

de S

un

ajh

ari R

F an

d n

ear

oth

er 2

wat

er h

oles

ove

r 8h

a. a

nd

subs

equ

ent

mai

nte

nan

ce fo

r 9

year

s @

Rs.

40

,512

/- p

er h

a. (A

nnex

ure-

B

VII

) = R

s. 3

,24,

096/

-

1.35

04

1.35

04

0.06

752

0.06

752

0.06

752

0.06

752

0.06

752

0.06

752

0.06

752

0.06

752

3.24

0

10

Prov

isio

n fo

r ar

tific

ial b

ird

nes

tin

gs in

side

Kad

alip

al R

F,

Su

nda

rakh

ola

RF

and

Su

naj

har

i R

F.

3.27

9 3.

279

0.25

0.

25

0.25

0.

25

0.25

0.

25

0.25

0.

25

8.55

8

11

Prov

isio

n fo

r a

mod

el B

utt

er fl

y pa

rk o

ver

an a

rea

of 0

.5 A

cs.

(50m

x 4

0m)

4.87

47

1.62

34

1.30

24

1.00

8 1.

008

1.00

8 1.

008

1.00

8 1.

008

1.00

8 14

.856

5

12

Prot

ecti

on o

f fr

esh

wat

er t

urt

le

insi

de a

nd

on t

he b

anks

of

rive

r B

rahm

ani

in t

he p

roje

ct i

mpa

ct

zone

th

rou

gh s

ervi

ce p

rovi

der.

9.60

6 4.

606

4.40

6 4.

406

4.40

6 4.

406

4.40

6 4.

406

4.40

6 4.

406

51.0

6

97

Sl.

No.

Pa

rtic

ular

of

wor

ks

0th

&1s

t ye

ar

(Am

ount

in

lakh

)

2nd

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

3rd

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

4th

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

5th

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

6th

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

7th

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

8th

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

9th

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

10th

ye

ar

(Am

ount

in

lakh

.)

TOTA

L

13

Prov

isio

n fo

r pr

otec

tion

of

mig

rato

ry o

pen

bill

ed s

tark

s oc

curr

ing

alon

g bo

th t

he

ban

ks

of r

iver

Bra

hm

ani i

n t

he

impa

ct

zon

e.

a) A

war

enes

s ca

mpa

ign

th

rou

gh

post

ers,

hoa

din

gs,

sign

ages

an

d m

eeti

ngs

. b)

Pla

nta

tion

of N

eem

, Bab

ul

Bar

rin

g to

nia

, Avi

cen

nia

, S

uba

bool

etc

spe

cies

.

7.9

2.25

1.

71

11

.86

14

Fin

anci

al s

upp

ort

to 2

0 s

trat

egic

vi

llage

s lo

cate

d ar

oun

d th

e h

abit

at

in z

one

of i

nflu

ence

to

prot

ect

the

hab

itat

an

d to

ass

ist

the

staf

f in

an

tide

pred

atio

n a

nd

anti

poac

hin

g ac

tivi

ties

an

d

to

curb

man

-an

imal

con

flict

as

per

deta

ils a

t Pa

ra 5

.2.2

i)

Cas

h

awar

d @

R

s.10

,000

/-

per

ann

um

.

Rs.

10,0

00/-

X 2

0 N

os.

X 1

0 Yr

s

= R

s.20

,00,

000/

-

2.00

2.

00

2.00

2.

00

2.00

2.

00

2.00

2.

00

2.00

2.

00

20.0

0

15

Prop

osal

for

free

dis

trib

uti

on o

f 5,

000

nos

. of

two

year

s ol

d se

edlin

gs p

er a

nu

m t

o th

e si

x tr

ibal

vill

ager

s de

pen

din

g on

fo

rest

for

thei

r liv

elih

ood

resi

din

g in

th

e pr

ojec

t im

pact

zon

e as

per

pa

ra-

of C

hap

ter-

5.3.

4 5

,000

x

35.4

0 x

10ye

ars

Ann

exur

e-B

(IX

).

1.77

1.

77

1.77

1.

77

1.77

1.

77

1.77

1.

77

1.77

1.

77

17.7

98

Sl.

No.

Pa

rtic

ular

of

wor

ks

0th

&1s

t ye

ar

(Am

ount

in

lakh

)

2nd

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

3rd

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

4th

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

5th

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

6th

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

7th

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

8th

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

9th

year

(A

mou

nt

in la

kh)

10th

ye

ar

(Am

ount

in

lakh

.)

TOTA

L

16 a)

Sup

port

Act

ivit

ies-

As

per

5.3.

Pr

opos

al fo

r fr

ee d

istr

ibu

tion

of

hon

ey b

ee b

ox w

ith

acc

esso

ries

to

th

e vi

llage

rs, 3

0 n

os @

500

0/-

each

= 1

,50,

000

/-

0.75

0.

75

1.50

b)

Pro

posa

l for

pro

vidi

ng

2 n

os

leaf

pla

te p

ress

mac

hin

e @

50

,000

/- e

ach

1,0

0,00

0/-

1.00

1.00

c)

Pro

posa

l for

fin

anci

ng

6 S

elf

Hel

p G

rou

ps(S

HG

) for

pro

mot

ing

vege

tabl

e m

arke

tin

g an

d pr

epar

atio

n o

f pam

pada

an

d pi

ckle

s @

Rs,

70,

000/

- ea

ch

4,20

,000

/-

2.10

2.

10

4.20

17

Mon

itor

ing,

eva

luat

ion

an

d tr

ain

ing

incl

udi

ng

cost

of

com

pute

rs, r

emot

e se

nsi

ng

and

oth

er e

quip

men

t et

c. a

s pe

r pa

ra

5.6

un

der

the

Ch

airm

ansh

ip o

f R

CC

F, A

ngu

l. @

Rs.

1,0

0,00

0/-

per

ann

um

.

1.00

1.

00

1.00

1.

00

1.00

1.

00

1.00

1.

00

1.00

1.

00

10.0

0

18

Prov

isio

n o

f com

pass

ion

ate

Fun

d as

per

par

a 5.

4.3

15

.00

15

.00

To

tal

941.

4385

A

dd 2

0% e

xtra

tow

ards

esc

alat

ion

of w

age

rate

/mat

eria

l cos

t 18

8.28

77

G

rand

Tot

al

1129

.726

2 or

112

9.73

(R

upee

s E

leve

n cr

ore

Twen

ty n

ine

lakh

s Se

vent

y th

ree

thou

sand

)onl

y.

99

CUMULATATIVE TOTAL OF INTERVENTIONS PROPOSED BOTH PROJECT AREA AND PROJECT IMPACT AREA.

A PROJECT AREA Sl. No.

Name of the intervention Amount in lakhs

1 Development of green belt plantation as per para 4.1.3.1. Cost of 95.507 ha. 3 tier green belt inside the main plant area and around its other installations @ Rs. 3,21,296.00/-ha. Annexure-A-I = 306.860 lakhs.

306.860

2 Cost of avenue plantation over a length of about 9 km as per the proposed land use plan using ornamental, ever green and shade bearing tall and medium species on both the sides of road, parking lots, water corridor etc. with ten years 2,69,320/- per KM/one side. For two sides Rs. 5,38,640/- Annexure-A-II

48.4776

3 The project proponent shall make available four nos. of split AC to the DFO, Dhenkanal Division for their conference hall.

2.00

Total 357.3376

Add 20% towards wage escalation and rise of material cost 71.46752

Grand Total 428.8051 or

428.81

100

B PROJECT IMPACT AREA

Sl. No.


1 a) Deployment of One Wildlife protection cum antidepredation squad with provision of hired vehicle, POL and other logistic support as per the approved cost norm of PCCF(WL) & CWLW, Odisha for a period of 10 years.


b) Deployment of an additional Wildlife Protection and Anti depredation Squad with provision of hired vehicle, POL and other logistic support as per the approved cost norm of PCCF(WL) & CWLW, Odisha for a period of 10 years on the South Bank or Brahmani River under control of Forester, Meramundali of Dhenkanal Range to mitigate the man-elephant conflict in that area.


c) Cost of construction of a barrack at Kadalipal to house the “Wildlife Protection Squad” and the local forest gurad.

d) Provision for purchase of anti-depredation equipments such as communication equipments, search and high illumination lights, flare gun, verotile pistol, drums and crackers to drive out the wild elephants from crop and house raiding on lumpsum Rs. 10.00 lakhs

e) Excavation of elephant proof trench along the boundary of Machhia RF near village Machhia to prevent entry of elephants in to human habitations in the locality over a length of 5RKM.@ of Rs. 7.7 lakhs. .

f) Cost of protection of 12 nos. of open wells occurring in the project impact area as per GPS coordinates furnished in Chapter-5 of Para-5.12 for protection of wild animals/ Wild elephants @ Rs. 15,000/- per each totaling to Rs. 1.8 lakhs.

179.40

179.40

20.00

10.00

38.5

1.8

2 Awareness campaign, management of inter-face between man and wild-animals, particularly elephants (Annexure-B-II)

48.20

3 Fire Management: As per para 5.1.2 and Annexure-B(III) & B(III)A 160.70

4 Habitat and corridor development through 100 ha ANR practices with gap plantation consisting of elephant fodder, indigenous & fruit bearing species @ 200 plants per ha inside Anantapur RF with provision of Barbed Wire fencing around the plantation site.

i) 100 ha. ANR practices with gap plantation @ Rs. 40,178/- = Rs. 40,17,800/- Annexure B-IV

ii) 5 strand Barbed wire fencing using RCC posts over a length of 4km @ Rs. 8,10,000/- per Km. = Rs. 32,40,000/- Annexure-B-V

72.578

5 a) Creation of 03 Nos. of Water Harvesting Structure (WHS) by erecting earthen dam across Seasonal nalas/Perennial nala with provision of R.C.C spill way and strengthening the embankments by boulder soling, turfing etc. First one at Sundarkhola RF near Samatangi, Second one inside Anantapur RF near Sahala Village, Third one at Sunajhari RF near Udaygiri village @ 15,00,000/- each on lump sum as per location shown on map in chapter-6.

b) Provision for stabilization of embackments by boulders soling, turfing and construction of spill way for the 2 nos of small WHS excavated inside Kadalipal RF & Machhia RF under corridor development plan @ 4,50,000/- each.

c) Excavation of a water body of size 40mt. x 30mt. x 3 mt. inside Machhia RF to provide water to the wild elephant in the RF at a cost of Rs. 5.6 lakhs.

45.00

9.00

5.6

101

Sl. No.


6 a) Soil and moisture conservation measures as per para 5.2.3 in the catchment areas of Nalah, over small drainage channels originating from hill slopes by erecting check dams in Sunajhari RF, Anantapur RF & Sunderakhol RF and where water harvesting structures are proposed to be created. Total 10 Nos. @ Rs.20,901/- per each. (Annexure-B-VI) = Rs.2,09,010.00

b) Construction of 3nos of masonary check dams with RCC lean reinforcement in Indrajeet nala 3nos x 1,05,809/- = Rs. 3,17,427.00 (Annexure- B-VII)

c) Provision for gully plugging in side Kadalipal RF on lumpsum = Rs. 3,00,000.00.

8.264

7 Creation and development of artificial salt licks near the proposed WHS, near the three MIP reservoirs and any other suitable locations inside the R.Fs as mentioned in page 87 of zone of influence as per para 5.2.7 Total 8 Nos. to be developed and maintained for 10 years. @ Rs. 50,280/- per each. (Annexure-B-VIII)

4.022

8 Development of pastures by seed sowing on the bank of Nalas and near the WHS and near Bhogabareni Dam inside Anlabereni RF, near village Sunajhari inside Sunajhari RF and near other 2 old water holes proposed to be renovated or any other suitable locations in the R.Fs as mentioned in page 8 over 8ha. and subsequent maintenance for 9 years @ Rs. 40,512/- per ha. (Annexure-B- IX) = Rs. 3,24,096/-

3.24

9 Provision for artificial bird nestings inside Kadalipal RF, Sundarakhola RF and Sunajhari RF.The cost estimate for the Bird nesting is furnished at page 78 .

8.558

10 Provision for a model Butterfly park. The site of creation shall be decided by the DFO, Dhenkanal Division at the time of implementation of the plan preferably in urban areas like Dhenkanal Muncipalty/Kamakhyanagar NAC Detail estimate for creation of Park is furnished at page 81. Approved cost norm for raising Plantation inside the park enclosed at (Annexure-B-X) .

14.8565

11 Protection of fresh water turtle inside and on the banks of river Brahmani in the project impact zone a) Installation of 50 signages @ Rs. 5,000/- in each bank = 2.5 lakhs b) Awareness campain in 25 river side villages @ Rs. 10,000/- each = 2.5 lakhs c) Deployment of 10 protection watchers through service provider during breeding

season (Nov. to Feb.) 10 x 11,515.60 x 4 months x 10 years. = 33.6 lakhs.

51.06

12 Provision for protection of migratory open billed starks occurring along both the banks of river Brahmani in the impact zone. a) Awareness campaign through posters, hoadings, signages and meetings in river side

villages located adjacent to nesting sites. = 5.00 lakhs b) Plantation of Neem, Babul, Barring tonia, Avicennia, Subabool etc species at strategic

locations along the river banks to create roosting sites for the brids. = 6.86 lakhs

11.86

13 Financial support to 20 strategic villages located around the habitat in zone of influence to protect the habitat and to assist the staff in antidepredation and antipoaching activities and to curb man-animal conflict as per details at Para 5.2.2

i. Cash award @ Rs.10,000/- per annum. Rs.10,000/- X 20 Nos. X 10 Yrs = Rs.20,00,000/-

20.00

14 Proposal for free distribution of 5,000 nos. of two years old seedlings of spp. Like Mahul, Mango, Tamarind, Panas, Chara, Bela and Medicinal plants like Anla, Harida, Bahada, Barakoli, Lemon, Sunder kania bamboos etc. per anum to the six tribal villagers depending on forest for their livelihood residing in the project impact zone as per para- of Chapter-5.3.4 5,000 x 35.40 x 10years (Annexure-B-XI).

17.7

102

(Rupees Fifteen crore Forty eight lakhs Fifty four thousand) only.

103

CHAPTER-6

Maps : (1 : 50,000 scale)

a. Location map showing the present project land use plan (Main Plant Boundary), Ash pond and slurry line, township, intake well and raw water corridor, Enabling work area, 10km Project impact area of OTPC thermal power plant at Kamakhyanagar on Survey of India Topo sheet No. F45 , F45 , F45 & F45 in Dhenkanal District of Odisha. (Scale-1:50,000) (PLATE-I).

b. Location of proposed land use plan of OTPC main plant area on survey of India topo sheet no. F45 (PLATE-II).

c. Location map showing other forest direversion & infrastructure like NH-200, State Highway, railway lines (Existing & Proposed), Rengali South Bank Canals, Water ways, causing obstruction in the movement of wildlife in the project impact area of OTPC Ltd. (PLATE-III).

d. Wildlife map of Odisha showing the distances of OTPCL Thermal Power Plant near Kamakhyanagar from the nearest sanctuaries /National park and elephant/Tiger reserve and elephant corridors (PLATE-IV).

e. Map showing interventions proposed in the project area of OTPCL Power

plant at Kamakhyanagar on Survey of India Topo sheet No. F45T9 in Dhenkanal District of Odisha. (Scale- 1:4000) (PLATE-V).

f. Map showing proposed interventions in project impact area (Within

10Km radius) & Beyond of OTPC Ltd. on Survey of India Toposheet No. F45T5, F45T6, F45T9, F45T10, F45N8 & F45N12 in Dhenkanal District of Odisha (Scale- 1:50,000) (PLATE-VI).

g. Map showing animal depredation including human kill/injury/cattle kill/crop damage and wild animals kill due to various reasons occur in the study area on Survey of India Topo sheet no. F45T5, F45T6, F45T9 & F45T10 in Dhenkanal District of Odisha (Scale- 1:50,000) (PLATE-VII).

104

REFERENCE

1. The working Plan of Dhenkanal Forest Division. 2006-07 to

2015-16.

2. “The Deer and Tiger” a study of Wildlife in India by Mr. George B.

Schaller.

3. The Book of Indian Animals by Mr. S.H. Prater, B.N.H.S

4. Indian Birds by Dr. Salim Ali

5. Reptiles of India by J.C. Daniel

6. Flora of Orissa by Saxena & Brahma

7. National Wildlife Action Plan, Govt. of India

8. Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972, amended upto 2006

9. Wildlife wealth of Odisha

105

Annexure-I

106

107

108

Annexure-II

109

Annexure-III

110

111

112

113

114

115

Annexure-IV

116

117

Annexure-V

118

Annexure-VI

DEMOGRAPHIC AND OCCUPATIONAL PROFILE OF VILLAGES IN THE PROJECT IMPACT ZONE (AS PER 2001 CENSUS)

Sl. No.

Villages Total population

Total male

Total female

SC ST Total workers

Main workers

Marginal workers

Non workers

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 Kantakhol 17 68 30 38 2 0 27 35 15 2 Udayagiri 66 313 158 155 16 1 191 142 104 3 Kichhapur 13 72 36 36 17 0 50 14 10 4 Kakudia 15 64 32 32 0 0 50 14 13 5 Bahada 89 574 298 276 25 1 425 136 114 6 Bhagirathipur 313 1541 799 742 378 383 969 586 489 7 Kadua 287 1392 709 683 278 163 944 470 344 8 Galukateni 238 1024 506 518 223 177 593 376 300 9 Mandukhora 10 33 16 17 0 0 29 8 7 10 Khatuahata 238 1004 524 480 201 137 641 570 328 11 Kusumjodi 430 1999 1018 981 204 169 1274 674 654 12 Salapada 113 565 290 275 140 0 314 176 169 13 Analabereni 373 1629 825 804 339 289 917 535 505 14 Aluajharan 173 514 513 401 211 290 520 300 243 15 Mahulapal 336 1696 867 829 274 467 1189 568 473 16 Mota 242 1039 522 517 185 237 700 257 227 17 Saruali 329 1863 935 928 240 354 1133 505 495 18 Baisinga 119 610 311 299 491 99 389 176 66 19 Dhhobabahali 195 870 409 461 230 0 388 255 162 20 Srimula 318 1554 788 766 331 171 878 468 440 21 Tumusingha 683 2928 1449 1479 634 64 1661 1021 676 22 Tulasipasi 153 753 375 378 130 295 216 255 169 23 Baruan 326 1559 790 769 541 408 817 526 273 24 Pipala 148 772 360 412 168 135 459 240 235 25 Kotagara 247 1359 708 651 289 57 926 418 221 26 Salia 34 195 92 103 46 0 120 45 31 27 Pandua 66 284 141 143 275 0 175 69 59 28 Godaribili 117 506 263 243 370 0 224 151 97 29 Khokasa 282 1206 621 585 451 165 731 388 212 30 Sogarkateni 49 235 119 116 152 0 136 103 40 Total 6019 28221 14504 14117 6841 4062 17086 9481 7171

119

Annexure-VII

EXTRACTS OF APPROVED WORKING PLAN OF DHENKANAL DIVISION Period 2006-07 to 2015-16

(Page No. 217 to 219) 10.3. Methods of treatment.

10.3.1 In order to achieve the aforesaid objectives keeping the ground reality in view, an approach for management of these forests has been prescribed based on the following consideration :

a. Reconnaissance survey of all the forest areas. b. Stock mapping. c. 5% enumeration of three RF blocks. d. Biodiversity and regeneration survey of sample plots in all the

forest blocks. e. Collection of growth data of important species. f. Inspection of forest blocks and discussions with officers and field

staff of the division regarding the nature of treatment required there in.

10.3.2 The working plan committee, in their meeting held on 13.11.1998, have approved the constitution of the following six working circles.

i. The Selection Working Circle. ii. The Ecorestoration Working Circles. iii. The Plantation Working Circles. iv. The Bamboo (Overlapping) Working Circles. v. The MTF[ (Overlapping) Working Circles. vi. The Wildlife (Overlapping) Working Circles.

10.3.3 The Section Working Circles. This working circle includes most of the compartments of three forest blocks namely Ranjagarh, Anantapur and Kandhara. The blocks were worked under the selection-cum-improvement system in the outgoing plan. The total area allotted to this working circle is 28861.04 ha. which is approximately 26.07 percentage of the total RF area of the Division.

10.3.4 The Ecorestoration Working Circles.

This working circle includes the remaining 62 RF blocks of the Division, and the balance compartments of three RFs., allotted to the Selection Working Circles barring the permanent blanks and waste lands therein. These areas are degraded and in need of adequate rehabilitation and protection measures. In the previous plan these forests were worked under Rehabilitation and Plantation, Coppice with Reserve and Bioaesthetic Plantation Working Circles. The total area allotted to this working circle is 64785.06 ha. This comes to 58.52% of the total working plan area of the division.

120

10.3.5 The Plantation Working Circles.

Forest blocks having permanent blanks and wastelands as observed during the reconnaissance survey and other field exercises have been included in this working circle. The blanks were formed mainly due to illicit filling and other biotic factors like grazing and repeated forest fire. As these forests cannot be restocked by natural regeneration, artificial regeneration is the only solution to re-vegetate these forests. Of course, the usual benefit of a plantation like supply of fuel wood, small timber, fodder NTFP, conservation of soil and moisture etc. are practically part and parcel of this working circle. Apart from plantations to be raised during this plan period, the existing plantations already raised under different schemes in the Division will be managed under this working circle as well. The total area allotted to this working circles is 17066.35. This is 15.41% of the total RF area.

10.3.6 The Bamboo (Overlapping) Working Circles.

xxx xxx xxx xxx

10.3.7 The Non-Timber Forest Produce (Overlapping) Working Circles.

xxx xxx xxx xxx 1.3.8 The Wildlife (Overlapping) Working Circles.

This working circle covers the entire working plan area of the Division. However, special management prescriptions are provided for some forest blocks, where there is adequate forest cover and concentration of wild life.

The working plan prescriptions for the following forest blocks are furnished as under.

Sl. No.

Name of the forest blocks

Area in ha

Eco-restoration

working circle

Plantation working circle

Name of the range

1 Sunderkhol RF 2206.42 2206.42 - Kamakhyanagar west 2 Kadalipala RF 246.00 196.0 50.0 Kamakhyanagar west 3 Kankeli RF 1786.3 1616.3 170.0 Kamakhyanagar west 4 Siarimalia RF 1405.1 1105.1 300.0 Bhuban 5 Suniamaru RF 1855.2 1425.2 430.0 Kamakhyanagar West 6 Sunajhari RF 2790.0 2390.0 400.0 Bhuban 7 Anlabareni RF 502.2 432.2 70.0 Kamakhyanagar west 8 Machi RF 279.0 88 191.0 Kamakhyanagar west 9 Bhairapur RF 490.5 230.5 260.0 Kamakhyanagar west

121

Annexure-VIII

ASH DISPOSAL & MANAGEMENT PLAN

FOR

3 X 800 MW + 1 X 800 MW (FUTURE)

THERMAL POWER PLANT

OF

ORISSA THERMAL POWER CORPORATION LTD.

NEAR KAMAKHYANAGAR

DIST – DHENKANAL, ODISHA

Prepared By

M/s Abishek Contech (I) Pvt. Ltd.

Bhubaneswar

122

123

507 523 546 559591

623691

737777

862

776914

978

467 483498 519

548 579624

665691

789 713

874

953

400450500550600650700750800850900950

1000

(In

Billi

on U

nits

)

FINANCIAL YEAR

Gap Between Demand & Supply

Energy Requirement

Energy Supply

Source :CEA Report

0

3,000

6,000

9,000

12,000

15,000

18,000 15,467

12,90411,113

7,819

5,693

2,6312,206 1,943

2,826

597

124

Source : CEA and CII

125

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI

1 47 9

1320 22

31

40 41

78

1 2 5 510

1421 16 19

27

67*

126

18th EPS.

127

Power Scenario of Odisha

SState & Central Sector

A. STATE SECTOR

OHPC :- 1. Burla Power House 2x49.5+2x32+3x37.5 275 270 2. Chiplima Power House 3x24 72 71

3. Balimela Power House 6x60+2x75 510 500 4. Rengali Power House 5x50 250 245 5. Upper Kolab Power House 4x80 320 314 6. Upper Indravati Hydro Electric Project 4x150 600 588 7. Machhkund Power House 3x17+3x21.25 115 112

Customers

GRIDCO (Trading Company)

OPTCL (Transmission Company

under Govt. of Odisha from 1.4.2005)

NTPC (Central Sector)

OHPC

WESCO

NESCO

CESU

Customers

Customers

Customers SOUTHCO OPGC

(GoO Owned 49% Privatised)

IPPs

CGPs (Private/Public

Sector) OTPC

(A JV company of OMC & OHPC)

(MW) (MW) (MW)

128

Sub-Total (OHPC) 2142 2100

1. Ib Thermal Power Station (OPGC) 2x210 420 386 2. TTPS (NTPC – State dedicated) 4x60+2x110 460 423

Sub-Total (State Sector) 3022 2909

B. CENTRAL SECTOR 1. Talcher, Kaniha 6x500 3000 920* Odisha Generation (State + Central 6022 3829

Source :GRIDCO

129

Coal Quality & Ash Generation : Coal Quality :

Proximate Analysis

Ultimate Analysis

130

Total 100.00

131

132

133

134

135

136

Annexure-A (I)

APPROVED COST NORMS (Annexure-6) OF P.C.C.F., ODISHA RECASTED FOR BLOCK PLANTATION (3200 SEEDLINGS/PER HA) FOR RAISING

THREE TIER GREEN BELT PLANTATION.

1 Type of the plantation Block Plantation 2 No. of seedlings to be planted 3200 nos per hectare 3 Spacing to be adopted Top Tier 2.5m x 2.5m = 1600 plants

Middle Tier 5 mtr x 2.5 mtr = 800 plants Lower Tier 5 mtr x 2.5 mtr = 800 plants

4 Size of pits 30cm x 30cm x 30cm 5 Wage rate. Rs. 280/- per manday

0 th Year (Advance work) Pre planting operation Sl. No.

Item of work Preferable period of Execution

Mandays Labour Rate Rs. 280.00

Material cost

Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Survey

demarcation and Pillar posting

Nov/Dec 4 1120.00 - 1120.00

2 Site preparation Nov/Dec 16 4480.00 - 4480.00 3 Alignment &

stacking. Jan/Feb 4 1120.00 - 1120.00

4 Digging of pits (30cum)

Feb/Mar 80 22400.00 - 22400.00

5 Nursery cost (6 months old seedling)Part @ Rs. 9.95 seedlings (Rs.7.00 in 0th Year + Rs. 2.95 in 1st year)for 1760 seedlings (1600 +160)

Jan/Mar 88 24640.00 5878.00 30518.00

Sub Total 192 53760.00 5878.00 59638.00

137

Sl. No.


Mandays Labour Rate 224.30/-

Material cost

Total

1st Year Plantation 6 Nursery cost (6

months old seedlings) balance @ Rs. 2.78 for 1760 seedlings

Apr/Jul 43 12040.00 1186.00 13226.00

7 Carriage & planting, Casuality Replacement and applicationof insecticides, manure etc.

Jul/Aug 42 11760.00 - 11760.00

8 Cost of insecticide & fertilizer a) NPK @

50gms/plant as basal dose = 80kg @ Rs. 24/- per kg Rs.1920.00

b) Urea @ 70 gms/plant in two subsequent doses @ Rs. 5/- per kg = Rs. 672.00

c) Granular insecticide (Themet, Forate etc) @ 5gms/Plant @ Rs. 80 per kg = Rs. 640.00

0 0 6464.00 6464.00

9 1st Weeding (Complete weeding).

Aug/Sep 14 3920.00 0 3920.00

10 Manuring Urea 35gm

Aug/Sep 10 2800.00 0 2800.00

11 2nd weeding (Complete weeding).

Sep/Oct 10 2800.00 0 2800.00

12 Soil working (50cms, Radius around plants) & manuring Urea 35gms per plant

Sep/Oct 14 3920.00 0 3920.00

138

Sl. No.


Mandays

Labour Rate Rs. 280.00

Material

cost

Total

13 Soil conservation measures in the form of staggered trenches of size 2m x 0.5m x 0.5m @ 30 nos per ha.

Sep/Oct 20 5600.00 0 5600.00

14 Washing of plants by sprayers and hydrants one a every week for whole year @ 5 labour per week.

160 44800.00

44800.00

Sub Total 313 87640.00 7650 95290.00

2nd Year maintenance 16 Casualty

Replacement (10%) with Nursery Cost.

Jul/Aug 8 2240.00 3024 5264.00

17 Weeding (Complete weeding)

Sep/Oct 12 3360.00 3360.00

18 Cost of Fertilizer (NPK @ 70gms/ plant) (Rs. 24/- per kg & insecticide & 5gms/plants for 1600 plants 800gms @ Rs 80/- per kg)

0 0 5504 5504.00

19 Soil working (50 cum Radius around Plants)

Oct/Nov 14 3920.00 0 3920.00

20 Application of fertilizer & insecticides

Sep/Oct 8 2240.00 0 2240.00

21 Washing of plants with sprayer, hydrants once every week excepting rainy days.

240 67200.00

67200.00

Sub Total 282 78960.00 8528 87488.00

139

Sl. No.


Mandays Labour Rate Rs. 280.00

Material cost

Total

3rd Year maintenance 23 Weeding and

application of Fertilizer

Aug/Sep 14 3920.00 3920.00

24 Cost of fertilizer (NPK @ 50gms/Plant)@ Rs. 24/- per kg

- 3840 3840.00

25 Soil working (50 cms, radius around plants) & application of fertilizer.

Oct/Nov 14 3920.00 - 3920.00

26 Washing the plants once a week for eight months excepting rainy season @ 10 labour per day.

240 67200.00 67200.00

Sub Total 268 75040.00 3840 78880.00 Grand Total 1055 295400.00 25896 321296.00

ABSTRACT

Year Person Labour cost @ Rs. 280.00 per day

Material Total cost

0th year 192 53760.00 5878.00 59638.00 1st year 313 87640.00 7650.00 95290.00

2nd year 282 78960.00 8528.00 87488.00

3rd year 268 75040.00 3840.00 78880.00 Total 1055 295400.00 25896.00 321296.00

(Rupees three lakhs twenty one thousand two hundred ninety six) only.

NB: i. Items like Fire tracing and watch and ward provided in Block Plantation as per

PCCF Cost norm has not been included in the above recasted cost norm as the plantation will be raised inside the power plant premises bounded by compound wall and guarded by day and night watcher.

ii. Provision for washing of plants which will also serve the porpose of watering have been included from 1st year to 3rd year in the recasted norm as plantation is raised inside thermal power plants where severe dust accumulation on leaves shall retard the rate of photosynthesis and growth of the plants.

140

Standard planting technique : Pits of size 30cmt x 30cmt should be dug before onset of monsoon at the desired spacing after alignment and staking. a) NPK @ 50gms/plant as basal dose b) Urea @ 70 gms/plant in two subsequent doses c) Granular insecticide (Themet, Forate etc) @ 5gms/Plant. Well grown and healthy saplings of 1.5mt. to 2.0 mt. in height should be planted at the onset of monsoon. De-weeding and soil working will be done in August-September, when chemical fertilizer NPK 19:19:19 should be applied as top dressing. A second weeding and mulching will be done in the month of October after the rainy season is over.

Maintenance : The plantation will be maintained by regular soil working, weeding and watering for a period of three years to the minimum and if required for further years. Silvicultural operations like weeding, manuaring, soil working as per prescription laid down in the PCCF, cost norm from 1st year to 3rd year shall be adopted. Washing of trees : The suspended particulate matter and dust etc. get deposited on the surface of leaves both at construction and operational stage affecting the rate of photosynthesis. It will be required to clean out such deposits by regular washing of trees using sprayers and hydrants at weekly interval, particularly in between watering, at the initial stages up to three years and thereafter at fort nightly interval during dry season.

141

Annexure-A-II

Cost Norm for Raising of Avenue Plantation (250 plants per RKM, Spacing of 4 meters between plants)

Wage Rate Rs. 280.00 per day A. Preparation of Nursery

Sl. No.

Item of Work Preferable period of execution

Mandays Labour cost @ Rs. 280/-

per day

Material cost in

Rs.

Total cost in

Rs. A. 0th year advance work

1 Nursery cost of 6 (six) months old seedling part @ Rs. 9.95 per seedling (Rs. 7.12 in 0th year + Rs. 2.83 in 1st year) for 275 seedlings

Jan-Mar 7 1960 434 2394

2 Survey, demarcation, site preparation, alignment & stacking

Feb-Mar 4 1120 50 1170

3 Digging of pits (45cmX45cmX45cm)

Feb-Mar 15 4200 0 4200

4 Contingency 175 175 Total 26 7280 659 7939

B. 1st year creation 5 Nursery cost (6 months old

seedling) balance @ Rs. 2.83 for 275 seedling

Apri-June 3 840 165 1005

6 Cost of transportation of seedlings to the site of planting @ Rs. 6/- per seedling

0 0 1650 1650

7 CDM (125 cft. @ 0.5 cft. per pit) @ Rs. 15/- per cft.

Feb-Mar 0 0 1875 1875

8 Filling up of CDM in pits June-July 1 280 0 280 9 Planting of seedlings with short

carriages including casualty replacement & application of basal dose NPK @50gms/per plant @ Rs. 24/- kg=Rs. 300/- & granular insecticide 5 gms per pit @ Rs. 80/- per kg = Rs. 100/-

July-Aug 5 1400 400 1800

10 1st weeding (uprooting) within 45cm radius

Aug-Sep. 8 2240 0 2240

11 Soil working 15cm deep & 50cm radius around the plant with application of chemical fertilizer (Urea/DAP/NPK etc)

Sep-Oct. 5 1400 800 2200

142

Sl. No.


Mandays Labour cost @ Rs.

280.00/- per day

Material cost in

Rs.

Total cost in

Rs.

12 Provision of soil & water conservation measures by providing circular trench in flat land & half moon trench in slope area at a distance of 0.5mt from the roof of the plant

Sep-Oct. 3 840 0 840

13 2nd weeding within 50cm radius Sep-Oct. 5 1400 0 1400 14 Watering 1st Dec. to 31st March

(4 months) (10 days per month) including labour, transportation, hire charges of tractor/tanker @ Rs. 41/- per seeding.

Dec-Mar. 0 0 10250 10250

15 Watch & Ward July to March 270 days per RKM

July-Mar. 60 16800 0 16800


C. 2nd year maintenance 1 10% casualty replacement

including cost of seedlings 25 nos. @ Rs. 9.95 per seeding

July-Aug. 3 840 236 1076

2 Weeding soil working and application of chemical fertilizer (Urea/DAP/NPK etc.)

Aug-Sep. 15 4200 1400 5600

3 Watering 1st April to 15th June & 1st December to 31st March (195 days) including labour (5 days per month), transportation hire charges of tractor/taker @ Rs. 35/- per seedling.

April-15th June &

Dec-Mar.

0 0 8750 8750

4 Watch & Ward April-March (365 days) per RKM

April-March

80 22400 0 22400


D. 3rd year maintenance 1 Maintenance of plants including

cultural operations weeding & soil working

Sep-Oct. 10 2800.00 0 2800.00


April-March

80 22400.00 0 22400.00

Total 90 25200.00 0 25200.00 E. 4th year maintenance


April-March

80 22400.00 0 22400.00

Total 80 22400.00 0 22400.00

143

A B S T R A C T

Sl. No.

Item of work Mandays Lobour cost @

Rs. 280.00

Materials cost in

Rs.

Total cost in Rs.

A 0th year 26 7280.00 659.00 7939.00

B 1st year 90 25200.00 15240.00 40440.00

C 2nd year maintenance 98 27440.00 11501.00 38941.00

D 3rd year maintenance 90 25200.00 0 25200.00

E 4th year maintenance 80 22400.00 0 22400.00

F 5th year to 10th year maintenance (6 years)

480 134400.00 0 134400.00

Total 864 241920.00 27400.00 269320.00 (Rupees two lakhs sixty nine thousand three hundred twenty) only.

144

Annexure-B (I)

APPROVED COST NORM FOR DEPLOYMENT OF WILDLIFE PROTECTION AND ANTI-DEPREDATION SQUAD

Wages rate @ Rs. 280.00 per manday Sl. No.

Items of Works Amount (in Rs.)

1

a) Wages of squad members @ Rs. 11515.6 – month/person 11515.6 X 12 X 10 = 13.81872 lakh/Squad

13,81,872/-

b) Hire charges of Vehicles/boats/trawlers @Rs. 20,000/- PM x 12 month = 2.40 lakhs

2,40,000/-

c) POL for the Vehicle/Boats/trawlers. @ Rs. 10,000/- PM x 12 months = 1.20 lakh

1,20,000/-

d) Recharging of Mobile sets @ of Rs. 1000/month/squad. 1000 x 12 x 1 = 0.12 lakhs per squad

12,000/-

e) Medical Expenses, compassionate payment to the personnel of the Wildlife Protection squad/Anti-depredation squad @ Rs. 20,000/Squad/Year on LS

20,000/-

f) Uniform and camp equipments 20,128/-

Total:- 17,94,000/- (Rupees Seventeen lakhs Ninety four thousand only)

Annexure-B (I)a

APPROVED COST NORM FOR DEPLOYMENT OF FIVE MEMBER WILDLIFE PROTECTION AND ANTI-DEPREDATION SQUAD CONSISITING OF 05 MEMBERS

Wages rate @ Rs. 280.00 per manday Sl. No.

Items of Works Amount (in Rs.)

1

a) Wages of squad members @ Rs. 11515.60 – month/person 11515.60 X 12 X 05 = 6.90936 lakh/Squad

13,81,872/-

b) Hire charges of Vehicles/boats/trawlers @Rs. 20,000/- PM x 12 month = 2.40 lakhs

2,40,000/-

c) POL for the Vehicle/Boats/trawlers. @ Rs. 10,000/- PM x 12 months = 1.20 lakh

1,20,000/-

d) Recharging of Mobile sets @ of Rs. 1000/month/squad. 1000 x 12 x 1 = 0.12 lakhs per squad

12,000/-

e) Medical Expenses, compassionate payment to the personnel of the Wildlife Protection squad/Anti-depredation squad @ Rs. 10,000/Squad/Year on LS

10,000/-

f) Uniform and camp equipments 20,128/-

Total:- 10,93,064/- or

10,93,100/- (Rupees ten lakhs Ninety three thousand one hundred) only

145

Annexure-B (II)

COST ESTIMATE FOR AWARENESS CAMPAIGN, MANAGEMENT OF

INTERFACE BETWEEN MAN AND ANIMALS/ELEPHANT. As narrated in para 5.1.2, the financial implication for awareness campaign, defining migration paths of elephants and tracking of elephants and to prevent Man-elephant conflict is detailed below. i) Awareness campaign in all 75 villages and hamlets

including 20 strategic villages located in the Zone Influence through posters, street plays, competition of among students, films shows, celebration of important conservation events in the villagers @ 20,000.00 per village.

15,00,000.00

ii) Defining the Migration path of Elephants on the ground with appropriate signage’s to be placed near the village vantage points, NH 200 crossings, Rengali north bank canal and its distributaries crossings Kamakhyanagar-Dhenkanal state highway within impact zone and other strategic points of elephant movements and men-elephant conflict sites 40 nos. @ 8,000.00 per each

3,20,000.00

iii) Tracking of Elephants to prevent man-elephant conflict, including cost of hiring charges of a vehicle for eight months per year, fitted with communication equipments, search lights, hooters, minor maintenance cost of vehicles, and POL etc. for ten years and provision for 40 nos. of flooded lights to drive away elephants from crop rading on L.S.

25,00,000.00

iv) Distribution of crackers etc to 40 villages to drive away the elephants from crop raiding etc. @ 50,000/- per annum

5,00,000.00

Total 48,20,000.00

(Rupees forty eight lakhs twenty thousand) only.

146

Annexure-B-III

COST ESTIMATE FOR FIRE MANAGEMENT PLAN IN THE PROJECT IMPACT AREA

(Wage rate @ Rs. 280/- per day)

Fire Management: As per para 5.2.1, the cost for different fire protection measures are as follows : Deployment of a fire fighting squad consisting of 10 nos of youth with provision of a hired vehicle, POL, Mobile Phone sets and Camp expenses etc. as per approved cost norm of CWLW, Odisha for five fire months to extinguish incidental fire as when and where occur and preparation of fireline in the project impact area over the plan period @ Rs. 6,50,000/- per annum. For 10 years - 6,50,000/- x 10 = Rs. 65,00,000/- Provision for latest firefighting tools like Fire Blower to extinguish incidental fire and to prepare fire line around the wildlife habitats 3 nos @ 80,000/- per each = 2,40,000 POL and maintenance @ 11,000per year 3 nos x 11,000 x 10 years = 3,30,000 Total = Rs. 5,70,000/- Provision for conventional fire fighting tools like spade, Axe, Bill hook, broom stick etc. Jerry Cane for carrying drinking water and provision of Tiffin packets for firefighting during night time @ Rs. 50,000 per annum Rs. 5,00,000/- Wages of 3 local fire fighting squad consisting of 5 members each for five fire months. As narrated in Para 5.2.1.3. Total 15 nos @ 8,400/-/per member/month for 10 years 8,400 x 15 x 5months x 10 years = Rs. 63,00,000/- Special incentives to the members of 22 VSS/Gram Shabha as narrated in para 5.2.1.4 in extinguishing accidental fire as when and where required @ Rs. 10,000/- per year, for 10 years. Rs.10,000.00 x 22 x 10 years = Rs. 22,00,000/-

1,60,70,000/-

Total 1,60,70,000/-

(Rupees one crore sixty lakhs seventy thousand) only.

147

Annexure-B-(III)A

APPROVED COST NORM FOR CREATION OF FIRE FIGHTING SQUAD

Wage rate @ Rs. 280/- per day

Sl. No.

Particulars of works Amount in Rs.

1 Wages of squad members – 10 x 8400 x 5 4,20,000/-

2 Hiring charges of vehicle @ 20,000/- month x 5 month

1,00,000/-

3 POL for vehicles @ Rs, 10,000/- per month, 5 months

50,000/-

4 Recharging of Mobile sets @ Rs. 1,000/- per month 5,000/-

5 Training of squad members 15,000/-

6 Fire fighting equipments & camp expenses 60,000/-

Total 6,50,000/-

(Rupees six lakhs fifty thousand) only

148

Annexure-B-IV COST NORM FOR AIDED NATURAL REGENERATION

(ANR) @ 200 PLANTS PER HA.

Wage rate Rs. 280.00 per day. Sl. No.


Person days

Lobour (Rs.)

Material (Rs.)

Total (Rs.)

0th year 1 Survey, Demarcation and

Pillar Posting, GPS reading with mapping

Nov-Dec. 2 560.00 0 560.00

2 Site preparation Nov-Dec. 2 560.00 0 560.00 3 Silvicultural operation

including clearance of weed, climber cutting, high stump cutting, singling of shoots etc.

Jan-Feb. 5 1400.00 0 1400.00

4 Nursery cost (6 months old seedling) part @ Rs. 9.45/- seedling (Rs. 6.67 in 0th year + Rs. 2.78 in 1st year) for 220 seedlings (200+20)

Jan-Mar. 5.5 1540.00 367 1907.00

5 Contingency and Unforeseen Expenditures

0 0 133 133

Total 14.5 4060.00 500 4560.00 1st year

1 Nursery cost (6 months old seedling) balance @ Rs. 2.78 for 220 seedling

April-Jul. 2.5 700.00 112 812.00

2 Pitting 30 cm cube size Feb-Mar 6 1680.00 0 1680.00 3 Carriage and planting

including casualty replacement

Jul-Aug. 5 1400.00 0 1400.00

4 Complete weeding, Soil working, Manuring

Aug-Sep. 6 1680.00 0 1680.00

5 Cost of Vermi compost @ 200 gms/plant @ Rs. 20/- per kg. = Rs. 800/- and Granular insecticide 5 gms/ plant @ Rs. 80/- per kg.=Rs. 80/-

Aug-Sep. 0 0 880 880.00

6 Cost of Chemical fertilizer (a) Urea 70 gms/plant in two subsequent doses @ Rs. 6/- per kg. = Rs. 84/-. (b) NPK 50 gms/plant @ Rs. 24/- per kg=Rs. 240/- as basal dose

0 0 324 324.00

7 Silvicultural operation involving clearance of weeds, cutting of climbers, singing of shoots etc.

Sep-Oct. 15 4200.00 0 4200.00

149

Sl. No.


Person days

Lobour (Rs.)

Material (Rs.)

Total (Rs.)

8 Soil Conservation Measures (Staggered trenches of dimension 2 m x 0.5m x @ 60 nos. per ha.) or its equivalent

Sep-Oct. 20 5600.00 0 5600.00

9 Fire line Tracing and Inspection Path

Feb-Mar. 3 840.00 0 840.00

10 Watch & Ward Aug-Mar. 7 1960.00 0 1960.00 11 Contingency and

Unforeseen expenditures 0 0 304 304.00

Total 64.5

18060.00 1620 19680.00

2nd year 1 Casualty replacement

including cost of seedling, carriage and planting

July-Aug. 1 280.00 189 469.00

2 Complete weeding and cultural operations

Sep-Oct. 2 560.00 0 560.00

3 Soil working and manuring Sep-Oct. 2 560.00 0 560.00 4 Cost of Chemical fertilizer

(a) Vermicompost 200gms/plant @ Rs. 20/- per kg.=Rs. 800/-. (b) Granular insecticides 5 gms/plant for 20 plants 100 gms @ Rs. 80/- per kg.=Rs. 8/-.

Sep/Oct. 0 0 808 808.00

5 Soil Conservation Measures (Renovation of staggered trenches etc.)

Sep-Oct. 8 2240.00 0 2240.00

6 Fireline tracing and inspection path

Feb-Mar. 1 280.00 0 280.00

7 Watch & Ward (whole year) Apr-Mar. 7 1960.00 0 1960.00 8 Contingency and


Total 21 5880.00 1178 7058.00 3rd year

1 Complete weeding and cultural operation

Aug-Sep. 1 280.00 0 280.00

2 Soil working Aug-Sep. 1 280.00 0 280.00


Feb-Mar. 1 280.00 0 280.00

4 Watch & Ward (whole year) Apr-Mar. 7 1960.00 0 1960.00 5 Contingency and


Total 10 2800 200 3000

150

Sl. No.


Person days

Lobour (Rs.)

Material (Rs.)

Total (Rs.)

4th Year 1 Fireline tracing and

inspection path Feb-Mar. 1 280.00 0 280.00

2 Watch & Ward (whole year)

Apr-Mar. 2 560.00 0 560.00

Total 3 840.00 0 840.00 5th year


Feb-Mar. 1 280.00 0 280.00


Apr-Mar. 2 560.00 0 560.00

Total 3 840.00 0 840.00 6th year


Feb-Mar. 1 280.00 0 280.00


Apr-Mar. 2 560.00 0 560.00

Total 3 840.00 0 840.00 7th year


Feb-Mar. 1 280.00 0 280.00


Apr-Mar. 2 560.00 0 560.00

Total 3 840.00 0 840.00 8th year


Feb-Mar. 1 280.00 0 280.00


Apr-Mar. 2 560.00 0 560.00

Total 3 840.00 0 840.00 9th year


Feb-Mar. 1 280.00 0 280.00


Apr-Mar. 2 560.00 0 560.00

Total 3 840.00 0 840.00

151

Sl. No.


Person days

Lobour (Rs.)

Material (Rs.)

Total (Rs.)

10th year 1 Fireline tracing

and inspection path

Feb-Mar. 1 280.00 0 280.00


Apr-Mar. 2 560.00 0 560.00

Total 3 840.00 0 840.00

A B S T R A C T

Sl. No.

Item of work Mandays Lobour cost @ Rs. 280/-

Materials cost in

Rs.

Total cost in

Rs. 1 0th year 14.5 4060.00 500 4560.00 2 1st year 64.5 18060.00 1620 19680.00 3 2nd year 21 5880.00 1178 7058.00 4 3rd year 10 2800.00 200 3000.00 5 4th year 3 840.00 0 840.00 6 5th year 3 840.00 0 840.00 7 6th year 3 840.00 0 840.00 8 7th year 3 840.00 0 840.00 9 8th year 3 840.00 0 840.00 10 9th year 3 840.00 0 840.00 11 10th year 3 840.00 0 840.00 Total 131 36680 3498 40178

152

Annexure-B-V

ESTIMATE FOR BARBED WIRE FENCING USING RCC POST (COST FOR 01 KM.) LABOUR RATE 280/- PER DAY

Estimate for 1 Kilometer

1 No of pillars reguired -500

Cost of 1 Pillar : Rs 568.00

Transportation charges to the site : Rs. 365.00

Cost of base fixing : Rs. 365.00

Cost of fixing barbed wire @ Rs. 73/- : Rs. 73.00

Total cost for Fixing 1 pillar : Rs. 1,371.00

Total cost for fixing 500 pillars

1371 X 500=

:

Rs.

6,85,500.00

Cost of Barbed wire (1 Qtls) : Rs. 8,300.00

7500 Mtrs or 15 Qtls 8300 X 15= : Rs. 1,24,500.00

2 Total Cost for fencing 1 km

6,85,500 + 1,24,500

:

Rs.

8,10,000.00

For 4 km = Rs. 8,10,000x 4 =

:

Rs.

32,40,000.00

(Rupees Thirtytwo lakhs forty thousand) only

153

Annexure-B-VI

COST ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF CHECK DAMS ACROSS SEASONAL AND SEMI PERINIAL NALAS IN THE PROJECT IMPACT AREA

Cost estimate is furnished below.

Size of the check dam Span - 3 mtr Height - 1.0mtr Slope- U/S : - 1:1.5 D/S Slope : 1:2.0 Cross section of the check dam is in the form of a trapezium Wage rate @ Rs. 280.00/day.

Sl. No.

Particulars of Activities Quantity of work

Mandays Cost in Rs.

1 Leveling the unshaped surface of the selected site & layout the structure foundation L.S.

1MD 280.00

Excavation of foundation in hard soil within initial lead of 50mtr. including rough dressing and breaking of clods to maximum size 5cm. to 7cm. laying in layer not exceeding 0.3 in depth to strengthening both side U/S approx bund of loose boulder structure. Base Base with aprox- 1 x 5.10 x 4.00 x 0.30 Wing wall – 4 x 0.50 x 0.50 x 0.30 @ Rs. 12,544/- per 100 cum

6.12 0.30

6.42cum

805.32

Rough stone dry packing Up to GL Base with apron- 1 x 5.10 x 4.00 x 0.30 = Wing wall- 4 x 0.50 x 0.50 x 0.30 = Above GL Super structure- 1 x x 1.00 x 3.0 Wing wall– 4 x 0.50 x 0.50 x 0.50 = Side wall i. 2 x x 1.5 x 0.5 =

ii. 2 x x 2.0 x 0.5 = iii. 2 x 0.6 x 1.0 x 0.5 = iv. 2 x 1.0 x 0.5 x 0.5 =

@ Rs. 1067.10 per cum

6.12 0.30 7.05 0.50 1.50 2.0 0.60 0.50 18.57 cum

19,816.04 Total 20,901.36

or 20,901.00

(Rupees twenty thousand nine hundred one) only.

154

Annexure-B-VII

COST ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF MASONARY CHECK DAMS WITH LEAN REINFORCEMENTS IN R.C.C M/s ROD ACROSS INDRAJEET NALA

Size of the Check dam - (In trapezoidal form) Bottom width - 3 meter Top width - 1.5 meter Height including Foundation and plinth - 2.5 meter Lenth - 2 meter to 4 meter (Average-3 meter) Wage rate - Rs. 280.00 per day. Sl. No.

Particulars of works Qty. of work

Unit cost Cost in Rs.

1 Earth work in foundation 3m x 3m x 1m = 9m3

9m3 153.55/cum 1,381.95

2 CC in foundation in 1:5:10 using ¾ size granite metal 3m x 3m x 1.15m

1.35m3 8400/-cum 11,340.00

3 RR stone masonary in foundation plinth and super structure in 1:6 cement metal 3m x 3m+1.5m x 2.35m

15.86m3 2800/-cum 44,408.00

4 Lean reinforcement on the surface of the check dam using M/S rod and CC in 1:2:4 including plastering and punning

2.79m3 14,000/-cum 39,060.00

5 Other unforeseen expenditure @ 10%

9,619.00

Total 1,05,808.95 or

1,05,809.00

(Rupees one lakh five thousand eight hundred nine) only

155

Annexure-B-VIII

COST ESTIMATES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICAL SALT LICKS IN BUFFER ZONE

Wage rate Rs. 280.00 per day.

1. Cost of one tractor load of earth at site delivery =Rs. 1,500.00

2. Cost of 06 bags or 4.2qtls of common salt =Rs. 6,300.00

3. Cost of 60kg of black salt @112.00/kg =Rs. 6,720.00

4. Cost of loabour for site clearance, preparation of mixture with earth, common salt, black salt & water and spreading on the ground @ 08 Mandays @ Rs. 280.00/day =Rs. 2,240.00 5. Cost of maintenance by addition of common

salt and rock salt and earth periodically and moistening during dry season @ 20% of the creation cost for nine years Rs. 3,552/- x 10 years=Rs. 33,520.00 Total Rs. 50,280.00

Total cost of creation & maintenance of 8nos. salt licks Rs. 50,280.00 x 8 nos. = Rs. 4,02,240.00 (Rupees four lakhs two thousand two hundred forty) only.

156

Annexure-B-IX

COST ESTIMATE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF PASTURE IN THE BUFFER ZONE BY SOWING SEEDS OF STYLO, DINANATH ETC. AND MAINTENANCE FOR

TEN YEARS (COST PER HECTARE)

Labour rate @ Rs. 280/- Sl. No.

Description of work Manday Rate Cost Materials cost

Total

1 Survey and demarcation 6 280.00

1680.00 1680.00

2 Site clearance, uprooting of high stumps, removal of floating & buried boulders

20 280.00

5600.00 5600.00

3 Ploughing the ground twice by tractor @ 720.00hr-2 hours

2,880 2,880

4 Cost of 4 tractor load of cow dung manure including cost of transportation @ 1,800.00/TL

7,200 7,200

5 Cost of Stylo seeds @ 25 kg. per ha.

600.00 15,000 15,000

6 Cost of seed treatment with Bio-fertilizer-Rhizobium and P.S.M. @ 10gm. /kg. each

1 280.00

280.00 120 400.00

7 Contingencies 1,000 1,000 Total 27 7560.00 26200.00 33,760.00

Cost of 8ha. = 33,760 x 8 = Rs.2,70,080.00 Add 20% extra for watering with the help of diesel pump during summer season and applying additional cow dung manure and organic fertilizer before rain - Rs. 54,016.00 Total Rs. 3,24,096.00

(Rupees three lakhs twenty four thousand ninety six) only.

157

Annexure-B-X

Annexure-13 COST NORM FOR URBAN PLANTATION FOR 1000 SAPLINGS

(Tall seedling plantation of six months old) (Labour cost @ Rs. 280.00 per manday)

Avenue Plantation 4m x 4m Block plantation 2.5m x 2.5m Lahour Rate Rs. 280.00 per manday Sl.

No. Item of Works Preferable

period of Execution

person Days

Labour cost @ Rs. 280/-

per day

Material in Rs.

Total

0th year operation 1 Nursery cost (6 months old

seedlings) part @ Rs. 9.45 per seedling (Rs. 6.67 in 0th year + Rs. 2.78 in 1st year) for 1100 seedlings (1000+100)

Jan.-Marh 27 7560.00 1917 9477.00

1st year operation 2 Nursery cost (6 months old

seedlings) balance @ Rs. 2.78 for 1100 seedlings

April-June 12 3360.00 658 4018.00

3 Alignment & stacking at 4M spacing including clearance sites in avenue & 2.5m x 2.5m in case of block plantation.

April-May 15 4200.00 0 4200.00

4 Excavation of pits 45cm x 45cm x 45cm in hard soil with vertical cut edges to make an uniform cube & heaping the excavated soil out side the pits.

May-June 52 14560.00 0 14560.00

5 Refilling of pits with excavated soil after breaking the clods completely

June 8 2240.00 0 2240.00

6 Carriage and transport of saplings from Nursery site toplantation site over an average lead of 10KMs @ Rs. 6/- per seedling for 1100 nos.

July 0 0 6600 6600

158

Sl. No.

Item of Works Preferable period of Execution

person Days


per day

Material in Rs.

Total

7 a) Cost of FYM 0.25CFT per plant

@ Rs. 15 per cft for 250 cft. 0 0 3750 3750

b) Cost of Vermicompost 250 gm per plant @ Rs. 24 per kg for 250 kg

0 0 5000 5000

c) Cost of NPK 50gm per plant as basal dose @ Rs. 24 per kg for 50kg

0 0 1200 1200

d) Cost of Granular insecticide 10gm per plant @ Rs. 80 per kg for 10 kg.

0 0 800 800

8 Planting of sapling including mixing of FYM. Varmicompost, Granular insecticide & Scooping the soil to required depth & pressing the soil around the plants.

July 25 7000.00 0 7000.00

9 Cost of chemical fertilizer (Urea/DAP/NPK etc.)

0 0 1200 1200

10 1st weeding around the plant to a radius of 45cm application of fertilizer

August 25 7000.00 0 7000.00

11 2nd weeding around the plant to a radious of 50cms.

Sep-Oct. 20 5600.00 0 5600.00

12 Soil working around 0.5 mt radious of the plant & application of fertiliser, mulching with available materials

Sep-Oct. 32 8960.00 0 8960.00

13 Watering for 5 months 10 days per month from Nov. to March, including cost of water, labour & transpotation through tractor/tanker @ Rs. 60 per seedling for 1000 nos.

Nov-March 0 0 60000 60000

159

Sl. No.


person Days


per day

Material in Rs.

Total

14 Watch & ward for 9 months from July to March 270 days

July-March 140 39200.00 0 39200.00

15 Contingency Expenditure 0 0 455 455 Total 329 92120.00 79663 171783.00

2nd year Maintenance of Plantation

1 Cost of sapling - 6 months old for casualty replacement @ Rs. 9.45 per 100 seedlings.

0 0 945 945

2 Carriage and transport of saplings from Nursery site toplantation site over an average lead of 10KMs @ Rs. 6/- per seedling for 100 nos.

July 0 0 600 600

3 replacement of casualty after reopening the pits & planting of sapling 100 nos. with application of FYM, Vermicompost and granular insecticides

July-Aug. 4 1120.00 0 1120.00

4 (a)

Cost of FYM 0.25 cft PER PLANT @ Rs. 15 per cft for 25 cft.

0 0 375 375

(b) Cost of Granular insecticide 10gm per plant @ Rs. 80 per kg for 1 kg.

0 0 80 80

( c) Cost of chemical fertilizer (Urea/DAP/NPK etc.)

0 0 1200 1200

(d) Cost of Vermicompost 250 gm per plant @ Rs. 20 per kg for 25 kg

0 0 500 500

5 1st weeding around the plant to a radius of 30cm application of fertilizer

August 20 5600.00 0 5600.00

6 Soil working around 0.5 mt radious & application of fertiliser, moisture conservation & mulching

Aug.-Sep. 24 6720.00 0 6720.00

7 2nd weeding around the plant to radious of 0.5cms.

Oct-Nov. 16 4480.00 0 4480.00

160

Sl. No.


person Days

Labour cost @ Rs. 280/- per

day

Material in Rs.

Total

8 Watering for 8 months 5 days per month including cost of water, labour & transpotation through tractor/tanker (April to June & Nov. to March) @ Rs. 48 per plant for 1000 nos.

April-June & Nov-March

0 0 48000 48000

9 Watch & ward for 12 months fromApril to March (365 days)

April-March

186 52080.00 0 52080.00

10 Contingency Expenditure 0 0 1380 1380 Total 250 70000.00 53080 123080.00 3rd year Maintenance

1 Weeding, Soil working & manuring

Sep-Oct. 20 5600.00 0 5600.00

2 Cost of chemical fertilizer (Urea/DAP/NPK etc.)

0 0 1200 1200

3 Watch & word for 12 months from April to March, 365 days

April-March

186 52080.00 0 52080.00

Total 206 57680.00 1200 58880.00 4th year Maintenance

1 Whatch & work for 12 months from April-March, 365 days.

April-March

186 52080.00 0 52080.00

Total 186 52080.00 0 52080.00 ABSTRACT Sl.

No. Year Person

days Lahour

cost @ Rs. 280/- per

Material in Rs.

Total

1 0th year operation 27 7560.00 1917 9477.00

2 1st year operation 329 92120.00 79663 171783.00 3 2nd year Maintenance of

Plantation 250 70000.00 53080 123080.00

4 3rd year Maintenance 206 57680.00 1200 58880.00 5 4th year Maintenance 186 52080.00 0 52080.00

Total 998 279440.00 135860 415300.00

(Rupees four lakhs fifteen thousand three hundred) only.

161

Annexure-B-XI

Cost norm for raising 1000 nos. of 2 year old MFP and fruit bearing seedling for free distribution. Labour rate @ Rs. 280.00 per day

Sl. No.


Unit Unit cost

No./ Quantity

Labour Cost (Rs.)

Material Cost (Rs.)

Total Cost (Rs.)

A. COSTS FOR 6 MONTHS OLD SEEDLINGS 1 Cost if Polythene

(9”x5”x160) 400 nos./kg. = 2.5 kg.

Kg. 170 2.5 0 425 425

2 Polypot mixture (soil, sand & CDM in ratio (2:1:1)

i. Soil @ 8/cft. Cft. 8 22 0 176 176 ii. Sand @ 12/cft. Cft. 12 11 0 132 132 iii. DCM @ 15/cft. Cft. 15 12 0 180 180 iv. insecticide (Thimet) 2 kg. @ 80/kg.

Kg. 80 2 0 160 160

3 Preparation of soil mixture includes pulverization and straining

November - December

MD 280.00 2 560.00 0 560.00

4 Filling & setting November – December

MD 280.00 2 560.00 0 560.00

5 Collection of seed grading & treatment

December MD 280.00 2 560.00 0 560.00

6 Preparation of germination bed, dibbling/transplanting and provision of shed.(including cost of straw,bamboo split etc.)

January MD 280.00 2 560.00 200 760.00

7 Watering (jan to March) Jan-March MD 280.00 9 2520.00 0 2520.00 8 Maintenanace of

Nursery including fencing upto March.

Jan-March MD 280.00 8 2240.00 400 2640.00

9 Watering for 3 months (April to June).

April-June MD 280.00 9 2520.00 0 2520.00

10 Sorting, weeding, grading and resetting.

May-June MD 280.00 3 840.00 0 840.00

11 Application of insecticides

May-June MD 280.00 0.25 70.00 0 70.00

12 Contingencies (Water cane, Buckets, Nursery shed etc.)

May-June 0 327 327.00

Total 39.25 10990.00 2000 12990.00

162

Sl. No.


Unit Unit cost

No./ Quantity

Labour Cost (Rs.)

Material Cost (Rs.)

Total Cost (Rs.)

B. COST UPTO END OF FINANCIAL YEAR 1 Watering (October

to March October to March

MD 280.00 19 5320.00 0 5320.00

2 Sorting , weeding, grading and resetting one year period

October-November

MD 280.00 9 2520.00 0 2520.00

3 Application of insecticides (Cost)

November-December

MD 280.00 0.2 56.00 30 86.00

4 Contigencies 550 550 Total 28.2 7896.00 580 8476.00

C. COST DURING SUBSEQUENT FINANCIAL YEAR- Seedlings are to be shifted to larger polythene bag to avoid root coiling etc.

1 Poly Pot (12”x 8 x 300 gauge

Kg 170 12.5 0 2125 2125

2 Potting Mixture i. Soil @ Rs. 8/Cft Cft 8 55 0 440 440 ii. Sand @ Rs.

12/Cft Cft 12 27 0 324 324

iii.CDM @ Rs. 15/Cft

Cft 15 28 0 420 420

iv. Insecticide (Thimet) 2Kg @ Rs. 80/Kg

Kg 80 2 0 160 160

3. Preparation of potting mixture including pulverization and straining

January MD 280.00 3 740.00 0 840.00

4 Filling of polythene bags including repotting and setting

March MD 280.00 20 5600.00 0 5600.00

5 Watering for 3 months (April to june)

April-June MD 280.00 10 2800.00 0 2800.00

6 Weeding, shifting and grading throughout the year.

May-June MD 280.00 2 560.00 0 560.00

7 Application of insecticides

May-June MD 280.00 0.5 140.00 100 240.00

8 Contigencies 421 421.00 Total 35.5 9940.00 3990 13930.00

163

ABSTRACT A Costs for 6 months old Seedlings 10990.00 2000 12990.00 B Cost upto end of financial year 7896.00 580 8476.00 C Cost during subsequent financial year 9940.00 3990 13930.00 Total

28826.00 6570.00 35396.00

or 35400.00 Cost per seedling = Rs. 35.40

164

Annexure - XII

DETAIL COST ESTIMATE FOR EXCAVATION OF ELEPHANT PROOF TRENCH ALONG THE BOUNDARY OF

MACHHIA RF IN DHENKANAL DIVISION

Cost estimate for 1 rkm. Size : Top width 3 mtr., Bottom width 1 mtr., depth 2.5 mtr. Wage rate @ Rs. 280.00 per day.

Sl No.

Work Description Unit Quantity Rate Amount

1 Clearing and grubbing road land including uprooting rank vegetation, grass, bushes, shrubs, saplings and trees girth up to 300 mm, removal of stumps of trees cut earlier and disposal of unserviceable materials and stacking of serviceable material to be used or auctioned, up to a lead of 1000 metres including removal and disposal of top organic soil not exceeding 150 mm in thickness.

sqm 5000 7.00 35000.00

2 Earth work in hard soil or gravelly soil within 50m. Initial lead and 1.5m initial lift including rough dressing and breaking clods to maximum 5cm to 7cm and laying in layers not exceeding 0.3m in depth and as per the direction of the Engineer-in-charge.

cum 3600 1.69 608400.00

3 Earth work in stoney earth and gravels mixed with stone and boulder not exceeding 0.014cum in volume within 50m. Initial lead and 1.5m initial lift including rough dressing and breaking clods to maximum 5cm to 7cm and laying in layer not exceeding 0.3m in depth and as per specification approved by the department

cum 1400 264.00 369600.00

4 Extra lift of 1.5m or part there of over the initial lift of 1.5m in all kinds of embankments and road works and ordinary earth work in general. 1st Extra lift of 1.5m (upto 7.5m)

cum 1400 13.50 18900.00

5 Ramming or rolling eath work with light H.R.R. in embankment in layers not exceeding 0.3m over

cum 5000 5.00 25000.00

6 Fine dressing of earth work in ordinary or hard soil in road formaton according to the direction of the department including cutting or filling earth upto 0.15m depth of surface.

sqm 5380 3.25 17485.00

Total 1074385.00

Labour Cess 1% 10743.85 Grand Total 1085129.00 (Rupees ten lakhs eight five thousand one hundred twenty nine) only

165

TREN

CH

CU

TTIN

G F

OR

OTP

CL

TOW

NSH

IP A

T VI

LLAG

EM

ACH

HIA

166

DISCLOSURE OF THE CONSULTANT

Company address

Grow Green Consortium Pvt. Ltd. 05, Surya Vihar Near Big Bagar, Patia Bhubaneswar-751024

Date of Incorporation with ROC (Registrar of companies)

27.05.2007 Regn. No. U73100 OR 2007 PTC 009344- 2007/2008

Nature of work Environmental Consultancy Forest Diversion proposal under F.C. Act’ 1980 Compensatory Afforestation scheme preparation Wild life conservation plan and elephant corridor development plan Soil conservation plan & catchment area treatment plan Landscaping, lawns, gardening Large scale commercial plantation planning, management plan and monitoring Nursery including Hitech Nursery , Clonal technology, Tissue culture etc. Eco tourism And other allied and ancillary studies pertaining to Environment/Forest/Wild life

DGPS & Total Station Survey,contour survey & Maping Contact person Shri A.K. Sharda

Managing Director Cell : 09437000635 E-mail : [email protected]

OUR TEAM MEMBERS

Name Qualification Experience Mr. M.M. Panda IAS, (Retd.) Having more than 40 years of experience and

advices GGCP Ltd., as and when required

Mr. G. Mohapatra IFS (Retd.)

40 years experience in Forestry, Wild life, Afforestation Ecology & Environment & Forest Administration in various capacities in Orissa. Associated with various greening Project in Govt., Private & NGO sector & advises GGCPL as and when required.

Cont……….

167

2

Mr. S.N. Nayak OSF (I) (Retd.)

Isc., Diploma in Forestry & Wildlife

40 years of experience in Forestry, WL, Afforestation in Govt. and Private sector in Orissa and advises GGCPL as and when required.

Mr. S.N. Singh OSF (I) (Retd.) Isc., Diploma in Forestry & Wildlife

40 years of experience in Forestry, WL, Afforestation in Govt. and Private sector in Orissa and advises GGCPL as and when required.

Mr. B.B. Ray OFS (I) Jr. (Retd.) and Diploma in forestry and Wildlife

35 years experience of working in the field in Orissa forest.

Mr. R.C. Parida OFS (II) (Retd.) and Diploma in forestry and Wildlife

29 years experience of working in the field in Orissa forest.

Mr. B.N. Nayak M.Sc. (Mathematics) and Diploma in Forestry & Wildlife

35 years experience of working in Orissa Forest Deptt.

Mr. P. Mohapatra M. Tech in Bio technology

5 year experience in Enviromental Science Study, Bio Diversity study & Socio Econmic Study

ASSIGNMENTS SUCCESSFULLY DONE

BY GROW GREEN CONSORTIUM PVT. LTD. BHUBANESWAR

Forest Diversion clearance for M/s Vedanta Aluminium Ltd, Lanjigarh, Kalahandi in Kalahandi South Division. Forest Diversion clearance for Banspani Iron Ore Mines of Keonjhar Forest Division for Orissa Mining Corporation, Odisha. Forest Diversion clearance for Prathyusha, Joda, Keonjhar for OMC mines.

Forest Diversion clearance for M/s Patnaik Steels & Alloys, Purnapani, Keonjhar Forest Division.

Forest Diversion proposal of Tiringpahar Iron Ore Mines of Keonjhar Forest Division for O.M.C. Ltd.

Forest Diversion proposal of M/s KVK Nilachal Power Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad in Athgarh Division.

Forest Diversion Proposal of Prabhudayal Agarwal for mining operation in Tantra Bauxite Mines, Bonei Division.

168

Wild Life Management Plan approval for Bauxite mines of Orissa Mining Corporation (OMC) for M/s Aditya Aluminium of Kodinagamali. Koraput/ Rayagada.

Wild Life Management Plan preparation & approval for M/s Hari Machines, Keonjhar (a subsidiary company of OCL, Rajagangpur).

Wild Life Management Plan preparation & approval for Orissa Mining Corporation Ltd. for Bansapani iron ore mines, Keonjhar.

Wild Life Management Plan preparation and approval for Dr. Sarojani Pradhan for their Graphite Mines in Rayagada district (Bandhamandi).

Scheme of Soil Conservation, Top Soil Management Plan and Afforestation at the project area of M/s Aditya Aluminium at Lapanga District: Sambalpur, Odisha.

Scheme for maintenance of a Corridor for access of Elephants to Hirakud Dam in its adjoining area of M/s Aditya Aluminium, Lapanga, Dist. Sambalpur, Odisha.

Land scaping and development of Religious/Archeological sites of OTDC Ltd. Preparation of mitigative plan for proper management of the Elephant Corridor and their mitigation routes for OMC Ltd for SGBK mines of Keonjhar Division Preparation of location map, obtaining approval of the Wildlife Management Plan from Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun and requisite NOC from the Chief Wildlife Warden, Orissa in respect of Gandhamardan Iron Ore mining lease area of OMC Ltd in Keonjhar Forest Division.

Preparation of location map, obtaining NOC from the Chief Wildlife Warden, Odisha in respect of Tiringpahar Iron Ore mining lease of Orissa Mining Corporation Ltd.

Green Belt Development work of Vedanta Aluminium Ltd, Jharsuguda.

Plantation programme implementation, monitoring and evaluation of M/s Emami Paper Mills Ltd, Balasore, Odisha and consultancy for raw material resources creation.

Forest Diversion Proposal of D.R. Patnaik, Mine Ower for Murgabeda Iron Ore mines, Keonjhar, Odisha.

** Management Plan and requisite NOC from Chief Wildlife Warden, Orissa in

respect of Kalarangi (Chromite) mining lease of OMC Ltd. in Cuttack Sadar Forest Division.

** Preparation of location map, obtaining approval of the Wildlife Management

Plan and requisite NOC from Chief Wildlife Warden, Orissa in respect of South Kaliapani (Chromite) mining lease of OMC Ltd. in Cuttack Sadar Forest Division.

169

** Preparation of location map, obtaining approval of the Wildlife Management Plan and requisite NOC from Chief Wildlife Warden, Orissa in respect of Kathpal (Chromite) mining lease of OMC Ltd. in Dhenkanal Forest Division.

** Preparation of location map, obtaining approval of the Wildlife Management

Plan and requisite NOC from Chief Wildlife Warden, Orissa in respect of Umpavalley (Limes tone) mining lease of OMC Ltd. in Koraput Division.

** Green belt development, concept & planning for green house at LANCO

Babandh Power Ltd., Meramundali, Dhenkanal, Odisha. ** Preparation and obtaining approval of Mitigative Wild Life Management Plan

and requisite NOC from the Chief Wildlife Warden, Odisha in Respect of Kurmitar mining lease of OMC Ltd.

** Preparation of document for obtaining Forest clearance and Liasioning work for

forest clearance (State-I & II) diversion of forest land for pipe line corridor of Talcher Super Thermal Power Station, NTPC Ltd., Deepshikha, Angul.

** Preparation and obtaining appr5oval of Mitigative Wild Life Management Plan

and requisite NOC from the Chief Wildlife Warden, Odisha in Respect of Dubuna- Sakradihi mining lease of OMC Ltd.

** Preparation and obtaining appr5oval of Mitigative Wild Life Management Plan

and requisite NOC from the Chief Wildlife Warden, Odisha in Respect of Sarenmda Bhadrasahi mining lease of OMC Ltd.

** Being executed.

Documents

ODISHA THERMAL POWER CORPORATION LTDenvironmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Online/EDS/0_0_13_Feb_2019... · ODISHA THERMAL POWER CORPORATION LTD EIA/ EMP studies for 2400 MW (3