Odysa® Experiences with an individual “green wave”

Marcel Willekens / Arjan Bezemer / Kristiaan Langelaar

Summary

How does Odysa work?

What are the effects?

Points of attention

References

Further developments

Idea behind Odysa®

Efficiency of a green wave is influenced by:

Distances between intersections Speed of the vehicles Diffusion of a peloton Number of intersections Traffic flow versus capacity of intersections Traffic flow versus capacity of the network

Idea behind Odysa®

Reward ‘good’ behavior

Optimalisation Flow by

DYnamic and individual

Speed Advice

Destroyed speed camera by angry drivers

How does Odysa® work?

Bundle traffic flows (no more diffusion) Green times opposite main directions can fit

better in green wave Because of dynamic speeds, also other

(secondary) directions can benefit

With Odysa you get more control over traffic flow

How does Odysa® work?

How does Odysa® work?

Speed advice based on: Time of the day The car in front of you Your place in the group Your place on the road Possible congestion next

intersection

How does Odysa® work?

Sometimes no green wave:

If you have to drive too slow (below 50 km/h*)

If you have to drive too fast (above 80 km/h*)

* Minimum and maximum speed is based on the legal maximum speed and road profile

How does Odysa® work?

Sometimes no advice: Program switch Congestion next

intersection Incidents, like accidents

etc. Odysa system down or

switched off

What are the effects?

Flow Safety Pollution Awareness

Effects on the flow

Average total driving time Average number of stops

Main directions (Odysa in city of Breda) East - West and vice versaNetwork with 4 intersections over a total distance of approx. 3000 meters

0:00

1:12

2:24

3:36

4:48

6:00

7:12

7:30h

9:00h

10:00h

11:30h

13:30h

15:00h

16:00h

18:00h

20:30h

22:00h

23:00h

0:30h

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

7:30h

9:00h

10:00h

11:30h

13:30h

15:00h

16:00h

18:00h

20:30h

22:00h

23:00h

0:30h

ODYSA Not coordinated variable cycle time ODYSA Not coordinated variable cycle time

Effects on the flow

Profile of an average trip (City of Amsterdam network over approx. 2500 m. and 4 intersections

Not coordinated variable cycle time

ODYSA

Effect on flow (Amsterdam)

Average number

of vehicles.

Driving time not

coord.var. cycle time

Driving time

ODYSA Difference

West -> East (into city) 1.160 308 s 217 s - 91 s

East-> West (out of city) 200 216 s 250 s + 34 s

Crossing network (south -north at intersection 891)

240 56 s 70 s + 14 s

Crossing network (north - south at intersection 891)

120 95 s 116 s + 21 s

Results simulation study morning traffic hour (source: city of Amsterdam)

Effect on flow

Public transport– Compared to the situation of absolute priority

for public transport in mode “Not coordinated variable cycle time”, absolute priority for public transport in mode Odysa is limited

– Extra delay for busses when there is a bus stop within the green wave

– Public transport can also profit of green wave

Effects on safety

No study has been conducted yet, but the first impressions are:– Less head tail collisions– Lower average speed within green wave

Odysa is also applicable in the night with low traffic flows; – excessive speeding is avoided– driver is rewarded with guaranteed green when

following the advised speed

Effects on air pollution

Real time emission measurements were carried out with a petrol fueled car under different circumstances and routes

Measurements were repeated multiple times in a laboratory environment

Effects on air pollution

Emissions Nitrogen (NOx)

Emissions Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Emission nitrogen (NOx) year basis between 06:00 am en 20:00 pm main directions

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Nitrogen

Kg

/ y

ear

Not coordinated variable cycle time ODYSA

Emissions carbon dioxide year basis between 06:00 am en 20:00 pm main directions

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

Carbon dioxide

x 1

000

kg

/ y

ear

Not coordinated variable cycle time ODYSA

Effects on air pollution

Emissions (preliminary results)

75%

80%

85%

90%

95%

100%

Emissions PM10 (grams / km) Emissions NOx (grams / km) Emissions CO2 (grams / km)

Not coordinated variable cycle time

Traditional green wave ODYSA

Effects on air pollution

Lower emissions for traffic on non main directions, although higher travel times

Air pollution benefits can be much higher for trucks

Emission differences for the whole network are smaller

Conclusions:

Awareness

Drivers adapt quickly to speed advice Perception research in Odysa Breda:

– Traffic on main route is more positive then local traffic;

– Truck drivers are more positive then car drivers;– 71% of main traffic and 87% of truck drivers obey the

advised speed. – Local traffic doesn’t always benefit from Odysa and is

less positive.

Points of attention

Maximum speed between 70 and 80 km/h; Low percentage local traffic; Over saturated situations on main directions

should be avoided at all times; Reliable communication between traffic

controllers and (variable) speed indicators; Functional maintenance: green waves need

monitoring because of changing traffic flows.

Reference projects

Odysa Breda – Tilburg (N282)- 4 intersections (approx. 3000 meters)

Odysa Amsterdam - 4 intersections (approx. 2500 meters)

New Odysa networks in 2009:– expending network Amsterdam from 4 to 6 intersections

(approx. 3900 meters);– Veghel (N279) - 6 intersections (approx. 2700 meters);– Spijkenisse (N218) - 3 intersections (approx. 2900 meters);– Eindhoven - 5 intersections (approx. 4300 meters. This

Odysa network includes a new study project “Odysa In-car” where the speed indication is displayed inside the car via a wireless network.).

Developments

New software development In-car technology:

– Communication from traffic light controller to the car;

– Communication from the car to the traffic light controller;

– Possible controlling motor management??

In short

With Odysa:more control on traffic flowscleaner airless stress for drivers