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© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ERMSAR 2019, 18-20 March 2019
OECD/NEA Projects & WGAMA Activities
On
Severe Accidents
L.E. Herranz1, D. Jacquemain2, N. Sandberg3
1CIEMAT, Spain; 2IRSN, France; 3NEA, Safety Division
ERMSAR
Prague (Czech Rep.) March 18-20 2019
© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development © 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 2 ERMSAR 2019, 18-20 March 2019
OUTLINE
• INTRODUCTION
• OECD-PROJECTS
• WGAMA ACTIVITIES
• FINAL REMARKS
© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development © 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 3 ERMSAR 2019, 18-20 March 2019
INTRODUCTION
© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
• Argentina • Australia • Austria • Belgium • Canada • Chile • Czech Republic • Denmark • Estonia • Finland • France • Germany • Greece • Hungary • Iceland
• Ireland • Israel • Italy • Japan • Korea • Latvia • Luxembourg • Mexico • Netherlands • New
Zealand • Norway • Poland • Portugal • Romania • Russia
• Slovak Republic • Slovenia • Spain • Sweden • Switzerland • Turkey • United
Kingdom • United States
OECD and NEA member OECD member, not NEA NEA member, not OECD
OECD & NEA Membership
© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development © 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 5 ERMSAR 2019, 18-20 March 2019
CSNI
NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI)
CSNI Program Review
Group (PRG)
Working Group on Risk
Assessment (WGRISK)
Working Group on Analysis
& Management of Accidents
(WGAMA)
Working Group on Integrity
and Ageing of Components
and Structures (WGIAGE)
Working Group Human &
Organisational Factors
(WGHOF)
Working Group on Fuel Cycle
Safety (WGFCS)
Working Group on External
Events (WGEV)
Working Group on Electrical
Systems (WGELEC)
Working Group on Fuel
Safety (WGFS)
Senior Expert Group on Safety
Research Facilities for
Existing/Advanced Reactors 2
(SESAR/SFEAR2)
OECD/NEA Severe
Accident Joint Projs:
• BIP-3
• STEM-2
• THAI-3
• HYMERES-2
• ROSAU
• BSAF-2
• TCOFF
• Pre-ADES
• ARC-F
© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development © 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 6 ERMSAR 2019, 18-20 March 2019
OECD PROJECTS
© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development © 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 7 ERMSAR 2019, 18-20 March 2019
BIP-3
• Behaviour of Iodine Project on formation of methyl iodide from irradiated epoxy paint: - methane-iodine irradiations; - iodine adsorption/desorption from paints; - iodine leaching; etc.
Led by CNL (Canada); complements STEM
• Status: - 12 countries. - Phase 3 is 2016-19 - Final meeting 13-14 March 2019
https://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/docs/2016/csni-r2016-5.pdf https://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/docs/2011/csni-r2011-11.pdf
Image source: CNL
© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development © 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 8 ERMSAR 2019, 18-20 March 2019
STEM-2
• Source Term Evaluation and Mitigation, experiments and model development focusing on: - Paint ageing and I interaction. - I species stability including in mixed aerosol particles; and - Ru revaporization & transport Led by IRSN (France); complements BIP
• Status: - 10 countries. - Phase 2 (2016-19) - Experimental phases well advanced - Some form of follow-up project under discussion.
https://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/docs/2016/csni-r2016-5.pdf
Ru experiments. Image source: IRSN
© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development © 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 9 ERMSAR 2019, 18-20 March 2019
•Experiments on Thermal-hydraulics, Hydrogen, Aerosols & Iodine in containment conditions during a severe accident: - Passive Autocatalytic Recombiner (PAR); - FP remobilization (from pools & from H2 combustion) - H2 combustion in a two-compartment system. Led by BT supported by GRS.
• Status: - 23 partners (16 countries). - Phase 3 (2016 - mid-2019). - Complementary to BIP and STEM. - Most experiments conducted. - Follow-up project: proposal being developed.
https://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/docs/2016/csni-r2016-8.pdf
THAI-3
© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development © 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 10 ERMSAR 2019, 18-20 March 2019
Fukushima-related Projects
• BSAF-2: Benchmark Study of the Accident at the Fukushima Daiichi NPP; ended except for final report.
• TCOFF: Thermodynamic Characterisation Of Fuel Debris and FP based on scenario analysis of severe accident progression at Fukushima-Daiichi NPS
• Pre-ADES: Preparatory study on fuel-debris analysis; on-going.
• ARC-F: Examinations inside reactor buildings & containment vessels & water sampling. Recently launched.
© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development © 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 11 ERMSAR 2019, 18-20 March 2019
HYMERES-2
• H2 Mitigation Experiments for Reactor Safety Project – Ph. ;
led by PSI.
- Flow impacting obstructions and containment internal structures.
- Radiative heat transfer.
- Suppression pools.
- Safety components operation (spray and cooler).
• Duration 4 years (2017-21)
• 10 countries participating.
© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development © 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 12 ERMSAR 2019, 18-20 March 2019
ROSAU
• Molten-core concrete interaction, spreading & cooling, led
by USNRC, experiments to be conducted at ANL.
• Duration 5 years (2019-24)
• 16 organisations (9 countries).
• Kick-off meeting 30-31 May 2019, SNL, USA
© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development © 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 13 ERMSAR 2019, 18-20 March 2019
Timeline of Severe Accident Projects
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
BIP-2 BIP-3 STEM STEM-2 THAI-2 THAI-3
ROSAU
HYMERES HYMERES-2
BSAF BSAF-2
PreADES
A R C - F
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development © 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 14 ERMSAR 2019, 18-20 March 2019
WGAMA ACTIVITIES
© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ERMSAR 2019, 18-20 March 2019
WGAMA Objectives
© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development © 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 16 ERMSAR 2019, 18-20 March 2019
Technical areas
• RCS and systems thermal-hydraulics (scaling, BE and UQ).
• Corium/debris progression and cooling in- and ex-vessel.
• Gas combustion risk and mitigation.
• Radioactive releases and mitigation.
Types of Activities
• State Of the Art Reports (SOAR), technical reports (SR; TOPs).
• Benchmarks, ISPs and PIRT exercises, code validation matrix.
• Workshops and seminars.
• Identification and follow-up of joint research projects.
Scope
© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ERMSAR 2019, 18-20 March 2019
“Post-Fukushima” Reports (2011-2015)
• SR on SFP under LOCA conditions
• SR on hydrogen management and related computer codes
• SR on FCVS
http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/docs/indexcsni.html
Other Technical Reports
• SR on Long Term Management and actions for a damaged NPP
• SOAR on MCCI and ex-vessel molten core coolability
• Technical opinion paper on FCI (2018)
• Informing SAMG and actions through analytical simulation (2017)
© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ERMSAR 2019, 18-20 March 2019
Assessment Activities
• Benchmark on CFD modelling of H2 de-stratification by jet in containment
• Ability to predict in-vessel core melt progression and degraded core
coolability – benchmark exercise on TMI-2 plant
• Benchmark of fast–running tools to model releases during nuclear accidents
• PIRT on SFP under LOC conditions (WGFS)
• Containment code validation matrix
http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/docs/indexcsni.html
© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ERMSAR 2019, 18-20 March 2019
Workshops & Seminars
• International Severe Accident Management Conference (ISAMC),
Ottawa, October 2018
• CFD4NRS-7
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sept. 2018
• THICKET-4
Budapest, July 2016
• Technical Worshop on Source Term
Paris, January 2019
Rhttp://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/docs/indexcsni.html
© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ERMSAR 2019, 18-20 March 2019
Benchmarks
• On SFP-LOCA (recommended).
• On corium/debris coolability (under discussion).
Workshops and seminars
• SWINTH : Workshop on instrumentation in TH, scope of next workshop
extended to SA instrumentation,
October 2019, Livorno (Italy)
• CFD4NRS-8: November 2020, Paris
• Severe Accident Instrumentation workshop November 2020, Japan
SOAR
• SOAR on H2 and CO.
Forthcoming Activities
© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development © 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 21 ERMSAR 2019, 18-20 March 2019
FINAL REMARKS
© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ERMSAR 2019, 18-20 March 2019
• Provide support to regulatory decision-making
• WGAMA is very active in the areas of TH, CFD & SA.
• Numerous & diverse activities.
• Peer-reviewed technical reports (industrious production).
• Outstanding group dynamics!
© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development © 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 23 ERMSAR 2019, 18-20 March 2019
Acknowledgements:
The WGAMA Bureau members: F. Barré (IRSN); H. Nakamura (JAEA);
F. D’Auria (UNIPI); K. Choi (KAERI); S. Bechta (KTH); D. Jacquemain
(IRSN); R. Lee (USNRC).
All the WGAMA members and those scientific and engineers who
conduct an amazing work.
Thank you for your attention!
© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development © 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 24 ERMSAR 2019, 18-20 March 2019
Benchmark on H2 Stratification Break-up
Objective: Blind benchmark on a PANDA test (PSI).
Upward buoyant jet pointing to a He-rich layer.
Participation: 19 submissions
Observations:
• Large results spreading.
• Many calcs. missed basic features of jet flow (spread)
• BPGs!!!
• A coarse-meshing better results than fine meshing!
• Still too large-domain problem for CFDs?
© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development © 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 25 ERMSAR 2019, 18-20 March 2019
International Severe Accident
Management Conference (ISAMC) Objective Recent advances made in the understanding, development,
implementation and verification of SAM.
• Lead: CNSC, KAERI, IRSN
• Held in Ottawa, 15-18 October 2018 (~200 participant; 21 countries)
• One day on human and organisational factors (WGHOF)
© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development © 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 26 ERMSAR 2019, 18-20 March 2019
Objectives:
• Status of SFP accident and mitigation strategies.
• Current experimental and analytical knowledge.
• Strengths and weaknesses of analytical methods.
• Identify and list additional research needs.
Participation: Belgium, Canada, Czech Rep., EC-JRC, France, Germany,
Hungary, Italy, Japan, Spain, Switzerland & USA
Recommendations
• …
• Development of a CANDU-SFP tool is needed.
• Specific user guidelines for code applications to SFP accidents needed.
• Experiments targeting LWR SFP accidents needed.
• Identify important uncertainties via a PIRT exercise
• …
http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/docs/2014/csni-r2015-2.pdf
© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development © 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 27 ERMSAR 2019, 18-20 March 2019
© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development © 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 28 ERMSAR 2019, 18-20 March 2019
Objectives
• Review approaches to HMgmt in member states covering:
– safety requirements;
– mitigation systems & their implementation;
– accident management options;
– code validation.
• Identify advantages & drawbacks of the HMgmt options.
Participation: 16 countries (Canada)
Conclusions:
• Remaining research gaps:
- Impact of engineered systems (containment spray, air cooler, etc.).
- Assessment of R&D implementation in NPP safety analysis.
- Assessment of R&D implementation in SAMGs.
• Pressure loads due to H2 &/or CO combustion
http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/docs/2014/csni-r2014-8.pdf
© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development © 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 29 ERMSAR 2019, 18-20 March 2019
Objectives:
Based on previous benchmark (TMI-2) conclusions.
Core-melt progression and impact of SAM actions
(core reflood & molten core slumping+corium behaviour)
• Simulate representative sequences with well-defined boundary conditions
• Sensitivity studies on more important and uncertain key parameters.
Participation: 10 organizations
Conclusions:
• …
• Early-phase degradation: similar in all codes (input-decks harmonized)
• Late-phase degradation: marked divergences (≠ degradation models +
choices of model options + discretization).
• Reflood phase (highly-degraded core):
- strongly depends on relocation & LH models & user-defined parameters;
- uncertainties still high, more effort on models.
© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ERMSAR 2019, 18-20 March 2019
• Synthesis of the last 30 years of research on melt coolability and MCCI.
• Emphasis on top flooding as a SAM
• 13 participants
Remaining issues
• Lack of data for long duration transients
• Improving the realism in plant simulations
• Effect of metal-rich composition
• Initial conditions of MCCI (debris/melt transfer to the pit)
• Improving melt coolability under top flooding
• Facilitating spreading
• Flooding in early MCCI
• Promoting melt eruption (e.g. sacrificial concrete
with high C content)
Reactor pitlocalized corium pouring and
accumulation
basemat
with or without
water
fast ablation
solid debris/crust
molten corium
© 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ERMSAR 2019, 18-20 March 2019
CEA-JAEA-OECD/NEA WORKSHOP July 10-12, 2019
Materials Science for Severe Accident and Fukushima Daiichi decommissioning
SESSIONS: 1 - Integral and/or mechanistic severe accident codes 2 - Experimental set ups and high temperature experiments 3 - Thermodynamic (Calphad) modeling 4 - Accident Tolerant Fuels 5 - Uncertainties and Reliability
Thermodynamic Characterization Of Fuel Debris and Fission Products based on Scenario Analysis of Severe Accident Progression at Fukushima-Daiichi NPS (TCOFF)
Where ? JAEA/CLADS, Fukushima, Japan at FRC (Fukushima Research Conference)
KEY DATES:
Deadline for submission of abstracts: 20 April 2019
Deadline for Seminar registration: 31 May 2019
http://www.oecd-nea.org/confdb/confdb/conf?id=357
More information on the Workshop and the TCOFF Project:
https://www.oecd-nea.org/science/tcoff/
Contact persons: Dr Pascal Piluso (CEA): [email protected] Dr Davide Costa (NEA): [email protected] Dr Masaki Kurata (JAEA, local coordinator): [email protected]