of the Work of the Past Yearj. JOHNS HOPKINS IVERSITY

[This Num2~r is especially devoted to the Programmes for the Next Academic Year and to Statements

of the Work of the Past Yearj.

JOHNS HOPKINS

IVERSITY CIRCULARSPublisAedwit/i t/ie approbaz’ionoft/ze Boardof Trustees

VOL. IJI.—No~ 31.] BALTIMORE, JUNE, 1884. [PRICE, 10 CENTS.

CONTENTS.

GeneralProgrammefor 1884—85,

Mathematics:Programmefor 1884—85

GraduateCourses, .

UndergraduateCourses, .

MathematicalSociety, .

Work of thePast Year; . .

CoursesGivenPapersReadbeforetheMathematicalSociety,AmericanJournalof Mathematics,

Physics:Programmefor 1884-85;

AdvancedCourses,Courseby Sir Win.Thomson,Coursein GeneralPhysics,LaboratoryWork,

Work of thePast Year;LaboratoryWork,Lectures,etc.,

Chemistry:Programmefor 1884-85;

AdvancedWorkFirst andSecondYears’ Courses,Applied Chemistry,MineralogyandGeology,

Workof thePast Year;ChemicalLaboratory,AdvancedWorkUndergraduateCourses,AmericanChemicalJournal,

Biology:Programmefor 1884-85; . .

CollegiateInstructionUniversity Instructionand Opportunities,Naturalists’ Field Club, .

Work of thePast Year; , .

LaboratoryWork, . .

AdvancedInstructionClassInstructionMarine LaboratoryPublications, .

PAGE

98—100

101101101101101101102102

. 102102102102102102

103

103103103104104104104104104104

105105106106107107107107107107

AncientandModern Languages:(Progra;a~a~sfor 1384-33).Greek:

GreekSeminaryAdvancedand GraduateCoursesNewTestamentGreekUndergraduateCourses

Latin:Latin SeminaryAdvancedandGraduateCoursesUndergraduateCourses, .

ShemiticLanguagesSanskritandComparativePhilologyGermanRomanceLanguagesAncientandModernLanguages:(Workof thePast Year).Greek,LatinShemitic LanguagesSanskritandComparativePhilology, .

GermanAnglo-SaxonandEnglishRomanceLanguagesPhilological AssociationAmericanJournalof PhilologyHistory andPolitical Science:

Programmefor 1884-85GraduateandAdvancedCoursesUndergraduateCourses,

Work of thePast Year;SeminaryHistorical andPolitical ScienceAssociation,PublicationsAdvancedand CollegiateCourses,

Philosophical Courses: (Programmefor 1884-85).Psychologyand PedagogicsHistory of PhilosophyandEthicsLogic, Ethics,andPsychology(UndergraduateCourses),PhilosophicalCourses: (Workof thePast Year), .

DegreesConferred,1884.Doctorsof PhilosophyBachelorsof Arts

PAGE

108108108108

108109109109109110110

111112112113113113113114114

114114115116116116116116

117118118118

119120

98 JOHNS HOPKINS [No. 31.

PROGRAMMES FOR 1884-85.

The following coursesin literature and scienceare offered for the academicyear which begins September23, 1884.

They are open to all properly qualified young men according to conditions varying somewhat in each department.

Detailed statementsas to the various subjects are given in the programmesof the departmentsof instruction on subsequent

pages. A special Circular relating to College Courseshasbeen issued.

The Annual iRegister giving detailed statementsas to the regulations and work of the University will be sent on

application.

B. L. GILDERSLEEVE, Professorof Greek.

(a) will direct the Greek Seminary. Twice wee/ely,throughthe year.

(b) will conduct a course of Practical Exercises in Greek.Twice weekly,from October to January.

(c) will lecture on the Greek Lyric Poets. Weekly,after thefirst of January.

(d) will give a courseof lectureson the Syntax of the GreekMoods andTenses.

(e) will hold a series of conferenceson Greek Grammar.Weekly,during the secondhalf year.

0. STANLEY HALL, Professor of Psychologyand Pedagogies.

(a) will lectureon Psycho-Physiology. Twiceweekly,throughthe year.

(b) will direct the work of those engagedin Psycho-Physicresearch.

(c) will lecture on the History of Modern Philosophical andEducationalIdeas. Weekly,through theyear.

(d) will hold a seriesof conferenceson EducationalTopics.(e) will direct the courserequiredof matriculatedstudentsin

Logic, Ethics, andPsychology.

PAUL HAUPT, Professorof the ShemiticLanguages.

will give coursesin(a) Hebrew. Four times weekly,through the year.(b) ChaldeanGrammar,etc. Weekly,through theyear.(c) Ethiopic. Weekly,through theyear.(d) Arabic. Weekly,through theyear.(e) Assyrian. Twice weekly, through theyear.(f) Sumero-Akkadian. Weekly,through theyear.

H. N. MARTIN, Professorof Biology.

(a) will direct the Laboratory Work in Biology. Daily,throughtheyear.

(b) will lectureon Animal Physiologyand Histology. Threetimes weekly,through theyear.

(c) will lectureon GeneralBiology. Threetimesweekly,untilthemiddle of April.

(d) will lectureon theEmbryology of the Chick. Threetimesweekly,from the middle of April until the close of thesession.

C. D. MORRIS, Collegiate Professorof Greekand Latin.

will form classesin(a) Plato, Gorgias. Four timesweekly,first halfyear.(b) Aesehylus;Euripides. Threetimesweekly,secondhalf-

year.(c) Cicero. Threetimesweekly,first half year.(d) Catnllus; Martial. Seventimesin two weeks,secondhalf-

year.(e) GreekProseComposition. Weekly,throughtheyear.(f) ReadingLatin at Sight. Weekly,through theyear.(g) Latin ProseComposition. Weekly,through theyear.(h) will give a seriesof conferenceson GreekHistory. Weekly,

first half-year.

IRA REMSEN, Professorof Chemistry.

(a) will direct the Laboratory Work in Chemistry. Daily,through theyear.

(b) will direct thecoursesof lecturesto advancedstudents.(c) will lecture on GeneralChemistry. Four times weekly,

first half.year.(d) will lecture on the Compoundsof Carbons. Four times

weekly,secondhalf year.

H. A. ROWLAND, Professorof Physics.(a) will lecture on Electricity and Magnetism. Four times

weekly, throughtheyear.(b) will direct a course of advancedwork in the Physical

Laboratory. Daily, through theyear.(c) will conductmeetingsfor thediscussionof currentPhysical

literature. Weekly,through theyear.

SIR WILLIAM THOMSON, Professorin theUniversityof Glasgow.

will give a courseof eighteenlectureson MolecularDynamics.In October, 1884.

H. B. ADAMS, AssociateProfessor of history.(a) will directtheSeminaryof Historical andPolitical Science.

Weekly,through theyear.will give the following courses(b) History of Politics. Threetimesweekly,throughtheyear.(c) MedieevalChurchandState. Twiceweekly,firsthalf year.(d) theItalian RenaissanceandtheGermanReformation. Twice

weekly,secondhalf year.(e) the ModernStateSystem. Twiceweekly,through theyear.(f) Introductoryto the studyof History. Weekly,first half-

year.

JUNE, 1884.] UNLVERSITYCIRCULAPS.

M. BLOOMFIELD, AssociateProfessorof Sanskrit.

will give coursesin(a) ElementarySanskrit.(b) AdvancedSanskrit.(c) Introductioninto the iRig-Veda.(d) AdvancedVedic Study.(e) Introduction into ComparativePhilology.(f) ComparativeGrammarof Greek.

W. K. BROOKS, AssociateProfessorof Morphology.

(a) will direct thework of theMarine Laboratory.(b) will lectureon theElementsof Zo6logy.

T. CRAIG, AssociateProfessorof Applied Mathematics.

(a) will direct a Mathematical Seminary. Weekly, throughtheyear.

will give coursesin(b) Theoryof Functionsincluding Elliptic Functions. Three

timesweekly,throughtheyear.(c) Calculus of Variations. Twice weekly,first half-year.(d) Analytic Mechanics. Threetimesweekly,first half-year.(e) Hydrodynamics. Three times weekly,secondhalf-year.(f) Partial Differential Equations. Twice weekly, second

half-year.(g) Total Differential Equations. Twiceweekly,through the

year.

A. M. ELLIOTT, AssociateProfessorof theRomanceLanguages.(a) will give advancedcoursesin the RomanceLanguages.

Daily, through the year.(b) will lectureon FrenchPhilology andon FrenchLiterature

of theMiddle Ages.

J. RENDEL HARRIS, Associate Professor of New TestamentGreek and Patwography. -

will give coursesin(a) Palmography,with especialreferenceto the documentsof

theNew Testament.(b) New TestamentandPatristic Greek.(c) ChurchHistory.

G. S. MORRIS, Lecturer on theHistory of Philosophy.will lecture,duringthe first half-year,on(a) History of Philosophyin Greece. Twice weekly.(b) Ethics or the Scienceof Man. Twice weekly.(c) Modern Philosophy.

H. N. MORSE, AssociateProfessorof Chemistry.(a) will assistin directing the LaboratoryWork of theunder-

graduatestudentsin Chemistry.(b) will lectureon Analytical Chemistry. Four timesweekly,

first half year.(c) will conducta coursein G~neraIChemistry. Threetimes

weekly,secondhalf-year.

1. RABILLON, Lecturer on FrenchLiterature.

will give a seriesof lectureson FrenchLiterature (in French).

W. E. STORY, AssociateProfessorof Mathematics.(a) will direct a Mathematical Seminary. Weekly,through

theyear.

will give thefollowing courses(b) General Introductory Coursefor Graduates. Five times

weekly,through theyear.(c) Theoryof Numbers. Twice weekly,first half year.(d) Higher Algebra. Twice weekly,secondhalfyear.(e) Modern Synthetic Geometry. Three times weekly,first

half-year.(f) Quaternions. Threetimesweekly,secondhalfyear.(g) Conic Sections. Twice weekly,through theyear.

M. WARREN, AssociateProfessorof Latin.

(a) will direct the Latin Seminary. Twice weekly, throughtheyear.

(b) will give during the first half-year a courseof lecturesontheRoman Satirists.

(c) will conductduring thesecondhalf-yearaseriesof Practi-cal Exercisesin Latin.

will form classesfor undergraduatesin(d) Plautus; Terence. Three times weekly,first half-year.(e) ‘racitus. Seventimesin two weeks,secondhalf-year.(f) Latin ProseComposition. Weekly,through theyear.(g) ReadingLatin at Sight. Oncein two weeks,through the

year.

W. HAND BROWNE, Examinerin English.

will conductcoursesin English. Through theyear.

R. T. ELY, Associatein Political Economy.will conductcoursesin(a) Financeand Taxation. Threetimesweekly,through the

year.(b) ComparativeStudiesin EuropeanAdministration. Weekly,

through theyear.(c) Elementsof Political Economy. Five timesweekly,first

half-year.(d) History of Political Economy. Five timeswe3kly,second

half-year.

F. FRANKLIN, Associatein Mathematics.

will give coursesin(a) Problemsin Mechanics. Twice weekly,throughtheyear.(b) Differential and Integral Calculus. Threetimesweekly,

throughtheyear.(c) Theoryof Equations. Threetimeswee/ely,first half year.(d) Solid Analytical Geometry. Threetimesweekly,second

half-year.(e) Preparationfor Matriculationin TrigonometryandAnalyti-

cal Geometry.

J. F. JAMESON, Associatein History.

(a) will give a seriesof lessons uponGeographyto History.

(b) will teach French and Englishweekly,through theyear.

(c) will teach a class in the principles of the English andAmerican Constitutions. Threetimesweekly,through th0year.

(d) will teach a class in the history of Greece and Ron~o.Twice weekly,through theyear.

the relation of Physical

History. Three times

99

100 JOHNSHOPIUWS [No. :31.

A. 1. KIMBALL, Associatein Physics.(a) will direct thecourseof instruction for undergraduatesin

GeneralPhysics, including experimentallectures,recitations,etc. Daily, through theyear.

(b) will give coursesof lectureson selectedtopicsto the mnjorcoursestudents.

(c) will direct the work in the laboratory of the major andminorcoursestudents.

G. H. WILLIAMS, Associatein Mineralogy.

(a) will lecture on Mineralogy. Weekly, first half year;twice weekly,secondhalf year.

(b) will lectureon GeneralInorganicGeology.(c) will direct the practical work in Mineralogy and Petrog-

raphy.

H. WOOD, Associatein German.

will conductcoursesin German. Through theyear.

A. EMERSON, Instructor in ClassicalArch~ology.

will conductcoursesin Classical Arch~eology.

E. M. HARTWELL, Instructor in Physical Culture.will direct the instructionin PhysicalCulture.

E. H. SPIEKER, Assistantin Greekand Latin.will teachundergraduateclassesin GreekandLatin.

H. A. TODD, Instructor in theRomanceLanguages.(a) will give instructionin French. Daily, through theyear.(b) will give instruction to special studentsin Italian and

Spanish.

W. H. HOWELL, ChiefAssistantin Biology.

(a) will directthepracticalwork of theundergraduateclassesinPhysiologyandHistology.

(b) will give instructionin PlantAnalysis.

E. H. KEISER, Assistantin Chemistry.

will assistin directingthework of the beginnersin the Chemi-cal Laboratory.

0. A. PERKINS, Assistantin Physics.

will assistin directingthe work of theminorcoursestudentsinPhysics.

H. NEWELL, Instructor in Drawing.

will give instruction in free-hand and mechanical drawing,after 1 o’clock p. m. Daily, through theyear.

C. L. WOODWORTH, instructor in Elocution.

will give instruction in Vocal Culture. Daily, through thayear.

0. LUGGER, Curator of theBiological Museum.will havechargeof the Museumof the Biological Labort~tory.

ADMISSION OF STUDENTS.

Graduate,undergraduate,and special studentsare admitted to the University.

Advanced and graduatestudentsare receivedwith or without referenceto their being candidatesfor a degree,andthey are permitted to attend such lectures and exercisesas they may individually select. They are not examined for

admissionto the University, but each instructor satisfies himselfof the attainmentsof all who wish to follow his guidance

beforeadmitting them to his classes.

Undergraduatestudentsof thefollowing classesare received—(a) thosewho having passeda full matriculationexamination

are candidatesfor the degreeof Bachelorof Arts, andwho, on completing a definite amountof work in linesvarying accordingto the needsor preferencesof the student,are advancedto thatdegree;—(b) thosewho comewith theintentionof proceedingto

the B. A. degree,but are from various causesunable at once to pass the examinationfor matriculation,and are admitted as

candidatesfor it, if they showthat their acquirementsare suchthat they mayreasonablybe expectedto completethe work in a

moderatetime~ special studentswho do not aim at a universitydegreebut desireonly to prosecuteoneor morebranchesofstudywith the full advantageswhich theUniversity affords to personswho are ableto profit by them.

Thenext term will begin Tuesday,September23, 1884, on which day the examinationsfor matriculationbegin. The first

weekis devotedto theexaminationof candidatesfor admissionandmatriculation,and to theorganizationof classes. Instructions

will be resumedTuesday,September30, 1884. The term of instruction closeson Friday, June 12, 1885. Therewill be a

brief recessat the Christmasholidaysandalso in theearlySpring.

For further information,during the summervacation,letters should be addressedto the “Johns HopkinsUniversity,”

Baltimore, Md., and not to the individual Professors,who are likely to be absentfrom the city.

JUNE, 1884.] UNIVERSITYcIECULARS.

MATHEMATICS.

Da. STORY:

PROGRAMME FOR 1884-85.

Graduate Courses.

GeneralIntroductoryCoursefor Graduates(includingHigherAlgebra, Theoryof Numbers,Probabilities,Higher PlaneCurves,Surfacesand Twisted Curves,Quaternions,Cal-eulusof Operations,Partial Differential Equations,Ellip-tic Functions,and Mechanics).Five ti2nes weekly,throughthe year.This courseis intendedas preparatoryfor all themore advanced

courses,and candidatesfor the Doctor’s degreein Mathematicsareexpectedto take it in the first yearof their candidacy,if theyhavenotpreviouslytakenit.

Theoryof Numbers.Twice weekly,first half-year.

Higher Algebra.Twiceweekly,secoadhalf-year.

Modern SyntheticGeometry.Threetimesweekly,first half-year.

Qnaternions.Threetimesweekly,secondhalf-year.

MathematicalSeminary.Weekly,through the year.Theexercisesof this Seminarywill consistof original work by the

students,under the guidanceof the Director, on a prescribedsubject. After a few preparatorylecturesthe problem will begivento theclass,andthereafterthestudentswill beexpectedtomake weekly reports of progress,which will be discussed,andfrom time to time new lines of researchwill be suggested. Thesubjectfor investigationin thefirst half of the ensuingyear willbe selectedfrom the Theoryof NumbersorModern Geometry,and in the secondhalf of theyearfrom tIme Higher Algebra orQuaternions.

Da. CRAIG:

Theoryof Functions(including Elliptic Functions).Threetimaesweekly, through the year.

Analytic Mechanics.Threetimesweekly,firsthalf-year.

Hydrodynamics.Threetimesweekly,secoaclhalf-year.

Calculusof Variations.Twiceweekly,firsthalf-year.

Partial Differential Equations.Twice seeckly,secoadhalf-year.

MathematicalSeminary.Weekly,throughtheyear.

Thesubjectsto which attentionwill beparticularlydirectedare theTheoryof Analytical Functionsand Lam6’s Functions. Duringthe first two or threemeetingsof the SeminarytheDirectorwilloccupythehour,andafter that time thestudentswill readdisser-tationson subjectsselectedfor them by the Director. The workassignedwill be divided into three parts: solutionof problems,the historical investigationof theabovementionedsubjects,andreportson currentmathematicaljournals.

DR. FRANKLIN:

Problemsin Mechanics.Twiceweekly, throughtheyear.

Historical Lectureson Mathematical Topics by the Instruc-tors, Fellows,andsomeof theGraduateStudents.Qacein twosceeks,through theyear.

Mathemalic& Society.

The Mathematical Society, composedof the instructors andadvancedstudents,will meet monthly as heretoforefor the pres-entationanddiscussionof papersor oral communications.

Undergraduate Courses.FIRST YEAR:

Conic Sections.Tseiceweekly,through the year. Dx. STORY.

Differential andIntegralCalculus.Threetimesmveekiy,through theyear. Dx. FRANKLIN.

SECOND YEAR:

Total Differential Equations.Twiceweekly, through the year. Dx. CRAIG.

Theoryof Equations.Threetimesweekly,first half-year. Dx. FRANKLIN.

Solid Analytic Geometry.Threetimesmeeekly,secondhalf-year. Dx. FRANKLIN.

Preparationfor Matriculation in TrigonometryandAnalyticGeometry.Threeor four timesweekly,through the year. Dx. FRANKLIN.

WORK OF THE PAST YEAR, 1883-4.

ProfessorSylvester:Algebraof Multiple Quantity. Twiceweekly,till theOhristmasrecess.

Dr. Story:Theoryof Invariants. Threetimesweekly,first half-year.Non-EuclideanGeometry. Twice weekly,secondhalf-year.MathematicalAstronomy. Threetimesweekly,firsthalf-year;twiceweekly,

secoadhalf-year.Higher PlaneCurves. Teviceweekly,through the yeas’.Conic Sections. Twice weekly,through theyear.

Dr. Craig:TheoreticalDynamics. Twiceweekly,first half-year.MathematicalTheoryof Sound. Threetimesweekly,first half-year.Elliptic Functions. Threetunesweekly,firsthalf-year.Theoryof Functions. Threetimesweekly,secoadhalf-year.PartialDifferential Equations. Tsciceweekly,secondhalfyear.Theoryof Elasticity. Tmviceweekly,secoadhalf-year.SphericalHarmonicsandLam6’s Functions. Threetimesweekly,second

half-year.

Dr. Franklin:Mechanics. Threetimesweekly, through the year.Total Differential Equations. Twiceweekly,thm-oughtheyear.Determinantsand Theoryof Equations. Three timesweekly,first half-

year.SolidAnalytic Geometry. Threetimesweekly,secondhalf-year.Differential and IntegralCalculus. Threetimesweekly,throughtheyear.

Mr. C. S. Peirce:Probabilities. Twiceweekly,secondhalf-year.

lot

JOHNSHOPKINS

List of Papersreadat the Mathematical Society.

G. BIssING—Onthe degenerationof unicursal curves;a note ondevelop-ablesurfaces; unicursalcurvesin n-flat space;on curvaturein n-flatspace.

T. CRAIG.—Qna certainclassof transcendentalfunctions.E. XV. DAvIs—Someremarkson unicursalcurves.W. P. IDIJRFEE.—A noteon thedivisibility of numbers;on thenumberof

substitutionsof n letterswhich leavek of themunaltered.G. S. ELY—A noteon partitions.F. FRANKLIN—An elementarydemonstrationof Stirling’s theorem; two

notes.A. S. HATHAWAY—A demonstrationof a theorem of Clebsch; thereduc-

tion of quadraticforms t.o sumsof squares;on aform for theresiduesof compositemoduli; anote on cycles.

C. S. PEIRcE—Onthemodeof representingnegative quantity in thelogicof relatives.

W. F. Svoxy.—On the intersectionof linear and quadratic loci; a sym-bolical demonstrationof Taylor’s theorem;ona systemof straight linesdeterminedby two givenlines; a note on ruled surfaces;on the equa-tionswhichdeterminethedirectionsof theaxcsof a quadricsurface.

J.J. SYLYEsTER.—Therelatiouof minor determinantsof productsto minorsof thefactors.

Four numbers making the sixth volume of the AMERICAN

JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS havebeenissuedduring theacademicyearandthefirst numberof the seventhvolume is now in press.

P H Y S I C S.


I. Advanced Course.

PROFESSOR ROWLAND:

Electricity andMagnetism.Four lecturesweekly.

Meetingsfor the Discussionof CurrentLiterature.Weekly.

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR CRAIG:

Analytic Mechanics.Three timesweekly,first holf-yectr.

Hydrodynamics.Threetimesweekly,second half-year.

Partial Differential Equations.Twice weekly,secondhalf—year.

DR. KIMBALL:

A courseof lectures adaptedto thewantsof thosewho havealreadytakentheequivalentof the undergraduatecourseinGeneralPhysics and who wish to continuetheir studies inPhysics,while making other subjectstheir principal study.Lecturesweekly.

Coursesof SelectedReadingsin Physicsby thestudentswithexaminations.

Heretoforethesehaveembracedselectionsfrom thefollowing works, onefrom eachgroupbeingrequisite:

Sound: Helmholtz.fleet: Maxwell, Wiillner, Verdet,Tyndall.Electricity and Magnetism:Jeukin,Wililner, Verdet.Light: Wiillner, Lloyd, Daguin,Jamin, Verdet.Conservationof Energy: Youmans,and others.

DR. FRANKLIN:

Problemsin Mechanics.Twiceweekly, through the year.

(All specialstudentsin Physicsareexpectedto attendthis course).

II. Special Course on Molecular Dynamicsby Sir Win. Thomson.

Sir WILLIAM THOMSON, P. C. L., F. R. S L & E., etc.,Professorof Physicsin the University of Glasgow,will deliver in Octobernext, a course of eighteen lectures on Molecular Dynamics.

An introductory lecturewill be given on Wednesday,October1. Theotherlectureswill follow on consecutivedays.

Professorsand studentsof physics fran] other institutionsare invited toattendand arrangementswill be made by wbicb theymay easily obtaintemporarylodgings,providedanearly intimation is receivedof their inten-

tion to come. A registrationfee of $5 will berequiredfrom suchpersonsas follow thecourse,unlesstheyarein otherways connectedwith this uni-versity.

III. Annual Course of Instruction for Undergraduatesin General Physics.

This coursewill embraceexperimentallectures,recitations,andexaminations,five times a week throughout the year, with onehalf.day eachweekgivento laboratorywork. The subjectstakenup will include Mechanics,Acoustics,Optics,Light, Heat, Flee.tricity, andMagnetism.

This courseshould precedethe study of Chemistryand Biology. Aknowledge of Plane Trigonometryis essentialfor admissionto it.

IV. Laboratory Work.

The Physical Laboratory is furnished with apparatuspur-chasedfrom the best Europeanand American makers,selectedwith specialreferenceto investigations,andespeciallyvaluableforresearchesin electricity, magnetism,light, and heat. The labo-ratory will be openfor work, daily throughtheyear.

NOTE—Candidatesfor thedegreeofPh.D., whotakePhysicsas a princi-palsubjectwill be expectedto attendProfessorRowland’s lecturesfor atleasttwo years; to worknot lessthantxvo yearsin thelaboratoryor to showsuchattainmentsin themathematicaltheoriesof Physicsasmayberegardedasanequivalent; to exhibit a familiarity with aselectedgroupof subjects,suchasare treatedby thefollowing authors:

History: Puggendor~Grant(Ilistory of PhysicalAstronomy);Mechanics:Kirchhofl Thomson& Tait, Poisson,Duhamel,Jacobi,Peirce,

Resal,Routh, Newton, and (on special topics) Riemaun, Beer, andLam6;

Sound:Rayleigh,Helmholtz;Optics: Fresnel (special memoirs), Billet, Yerclet, Gauss(Dioptrische

Untersuchungen),Young, Helmholtz(PhysiologiseheOptik)heat: Clausius,Rankine,Verdet,Rilblmana, I3riot, Fourier;Electricity and Magnetism:Maxwell (completetreatise),Faraday,Wiede—

mann,Mascart,Dc la Five, Thomson (paperson Electricity and Mag-netism).

Such candidateswill alsobe requiredto presentathesisuponsomesubjectin that branchof Physicsuponwhich theyhavebeenespeciallyengaged.


The roomsdevotedto thePhysical Laboratoryhavebeenopendaily for the prosecutionof advancedstudy and research,underthedirectionof ProfessorRowlandandDr. Hastings.

102 [No. 31.

JUNE, 1884.] UNIVERSITY CIRCULARS.

During theyearoriginal investigationsin the following subjectshavebeen carriedon

On thephotographyof thespectrumby theconcavegrating.On thevariationof themagneticpermeabilitywith changeoftemperature.On thedistributionof heatin thesolar spectrum.On thedeterminationof theB.A unit of electricalresistancein absolute

measure.On thedeterminationof thespecificresistanceof mercury.

Experimentshavebeencarriedon, underthe directionof Pro-fessor Rowland, with nn appropriationfrom the governmentoftheUnited States,with theview to aid in establishingan inter-nationalunit of electrical resistance.

103

Advancedstudentshave also taken part in meetingsweekly,for the readinganddiscussionof the currentphysicaljournals.

Lectureshavebeengiven by ProfessorRowlandon Therruody-namics,heatConduction,andPhysicalOptics, four times weeklythrough theyear.

The work of a part of the studentshas beenguided by Dr.Hastings. The major course has included lectures, weeklythroughtheyear,anddaily work in the laboratory,especiallyonWednesdays. The minor coursein GeneralPhysicshasincludedinstruction daily through the year in Elementary Mechanics,Acoustics,Heat,Magnetism,Electricity, andLight, and aweeklyexercisein the laboratoryunderDr. ilustings andMr. Reid.

CHEMISTRYAJSFD MIoc3-~-


The coursesin Chemistryareintendedto meetthewants (1) ofgraduateswho make Chemistry their specialty,or who select itas oneof their subordinatesubjectsfor the degreeof Doctor ofPhilosophy; (2) of undergraduatestudentswho studyChemistryfor generaltraining; (3) of specialstudentswho for good reasonshaveneitherreceivedabachelor’sdegreenor matriculatedat thisUniversity. The first and second years’ courses are designedmainly for undergraduates,thoughgraduatesandspecialstudentswho havenot donean equivalentamountof work will berequiredto follow suchportionsof thesecoursesas may seemdesirable.

I. Advanced Work.

1. LaboratoryWork.

Most of the work of advancedstudentsis carried on in thelaboratory,which will be open to them daily, except Saturday,from 9 a. m. until 5 p. m. Thework, which will consist in makingdifficult and typical preparationsand in carrying out investiga-tions on assignedtopics, will be wholly under the direction ofProfessorRemsen.

2. GeneralLectures. (By ProfessorRemsen).

Advancedtopicswill be treatedin lectureswhich will be giventwo or threetimesa week during the first half-year. Thesewillbe supplementaryto the courses in general chemistry givenduring the first two years. The specialtopics will be changedeachyear. This year the course will be supplementaryto thelectureson the Chemistryof theCompoundsof Carbon.

3. Historical Lectures.

During the second half-year there will be a courseof abouttwenty leetni-es on historical topics selectedand assignedbyProfessorRemsento Fellowsand other advancedworkersin thechemicallaboratory.

This work,while servingto familiarizestudentswith chemicalliterature,is intendedalso to aid them in acquiringtheart of presentingsubjectsintheform of lecturesbeforeaudiences. All thosewho look forward to thecareerof teachersof chemistrywill be required to takeactivepart in theexercises.

4. JournalMeetings.

The instructorsand advancedstudentswill meettwice a weekfor thepurposeof hearingreportson thearticlescontainedin thecnn-cutjournalsof chemistry.

Thereportsarefurnished in turn by all who attendthemeetings. Alltheprincipal chemicaljournalsarereadand reportedupon.

II. First Year’s Course.

This consistsof laboratorywork and lecturesor recitations.

let Half-Year: Introduction to GeneralChemistry.Lecturesand examinationsdaily except Saturday(by

ProfessorRemsen).

LaboratoryWork.Threetimesweekly,laboratory openfrom 1 to 4 p. in.,

Monday, Tuesday,and Thursday. Work underthe direction of Professor IRemsen, Associate-ProfessorMorse, and Dr. Keiser.

GeneralChemistry.Conversational exercisessupplementaryto the

courseof the first half-year; three timesweekly(by Associate-ProfessorMorse).

LaboratoryWork.As above,continued.

Mineralogy.Introduction to Crystallographyand Descriptive

Mineralogy; twice weekly(by Dr. Williams).

III. SecondYear’s Course.Thesecondyear’scourseis acontinuationof thatjust described;

togetherthey form what is known as theMajor Course.

1st Half-Year: Analytical Chemistry.Lecturesand examinationsfour timesweekly(byAsso-

cinte-ProfessorMorse).

Descriptive Mineralogy.Qieceweekly(by Dr. Williams).

LaboratoryWork.Doily exceptSaturday,2—5 p. in. (underthedirection

of Professor IRemsen and Associate-ProfessorMorse).

2nd Half- Year:

JOILYShOPKINS

2nd Half Year: Chemistryof theCompoundsof Carbon.Lecturescurd examinationsdaily exceptSaturday,(by

ProfessoriRemsen).

Laboratory Work.As al)ove,continued.

IV. Applied Chemistry.

Opportunity will be offered for work in Applied Chemistryinalmost any direct.ion. Some instruction will be given in theassayingof ores. The objectof this work is not to make assayersin tbe narrow senseof the word, nor mere analystsof certainproducts,hut to afford the thoroughly trained chemistan oppor-tunity to familiarize himself with some of the more importantapplicationsof his science.

V. Mineralogy and Geology.

In additionto theelementaryinstructionin Mineralogyincludedin theregularchemicalcoursesas abovedescribed,Dr. GeorgeH.Williams will give acoursein general InorganicGeologyextend-ing throughthe first half-year; and speciallaboratoryinstructionin MineralogyandPetrographythroughouttheyear.


The Chemical Laboratoryis a new building which covers anareaof about50 by 100 feet andhasthreefull storiesanda base-ment. In thebasementarethenecessaryconveniencesfor assay-ing andotherfurnace operations. On the next floor there nrclarge rooms devoted mainly to qualitative and quantitativeanalysis. On thesecondfloor, are the roomsfor researchwork,thoseof thedirector,the library, anda lecture roomfor GeneralChemistry. On the tbird floor, are rooms for the chemical andmineralogical collections, a working and lecture-room for mine-ralogy, anda secondlecture-roomfor chemistry. The laboratorywill convenientlyaccommodateaboutninety working students.

Advanced studentshavebeenengageddaily in the laboratoryin prosecutingsuchwork as seemedbestadaptedto the purposesof each. Thosewho havecompletedthe full coursesin GeneralChemistry,including from two to threeyears’ work in qualitativeand quantitative analysisand about a year’s work in makingdifficult and instructive preparations,were encouragedto under-takethesolution of original problems.

The following investigationshavebeen completed during theyear. Othersarein progress.

A contributionto thehistory of active oxygen.Theactionof heaton ethylene.On thechemicalconductof thesuiphinideobtainedby oxidizing e-naph-

thalene-suiphamide.Theeffect of light on fermentation.Therelativestability of halogenderivativesof carboncompounds.The resultsof theseinvestigationshaveeither beenalreadypub-

lished or will soon appearin theAmerican ChemicalJournal.Someof them havebeenreadbeforetheJohnsHopkins ScientificAssociationat its regularmeetings.

TheFellowsand otheradvancedstudentsbavemetthe instruc-tors txvice a week during the year for the purposeof keepingabreastof the current chemical literature. All the importantjournalshavebeencarefully read,and full reportsof the variousarticleshavebeenmade.

Thesestudentshavebeenoften called upon to treat impor-tant chemical questionsin a broad way, going to the originalsourcesand presentingthe results in a completeform. In mostcasesthe topics so investigatedhave been connectedwith theexperimentalwork going on at the time; but other questionsalsohavebeenelaboratedin this way which boreless directly on thecurrent studies. In several casescarefully written reports ofthe results obtainedhavebeenprepared. The excellent libraryof chemicalhooksandjournals which is accessibleto thestudentsin thelaboratory, at all reasonablehours,has greatly facilitatedtheexecutionof this very desirableliterary work.

At the beginning of the year subjectswere assignedto theFellows and others for the preparationof lectures on variouschemicaltopicstreatedhistorically; andsixteensuchlectureswerethe result. These were prepared from a careful study of theoriginalarticlesin thejournals, andwerenot borrowedfrom bookson the history of chemistry. Full abstractsof these lectures,furnishedwith complete referencesto the articlesconsulted,areto be preparedand preservedin the chemical library. The lec-turesgivenwere as follows:

Two by Mr. D. T. Dayon “The History of the halogens”;Two by Mr. H. N. Stokeson “Tue history of Oxygen”;Two by Mr. E. H. Keiseron “The Chemistryof Iron historicallyCon-

sielereel”Two by Dr. J. iR. Dugganon “The History of theAzo- and Diazo-Com-

pounds”Oneby Dr. G. H. Williams on “The RelationbetweenCrystallineForm

andChemicalConstitution”Oneby Mr. A. G. Palmeron “The ihistory of il3enzene”;Oneby Mr. H. W. hillyer on “Stas’sWoric onAtomic Weight.”Oneby Mr. J. E. Talmageon “The History of tIre Alkali Metals”Twoby Dr. Morseon “The History of Phosphorus”;Two by ProfessorRenisenon “The Basicityof Acids.”

In addition,the work of the yearhas consistedof the coursesbelowmentioned:LaboratoryWork for undergraduatesthroughtheentire year,conductedby

ProfessoriRemsenandDr. Morse.

Lecturesby ProfessorRemsen:GeneralChemistry(Non-Metals),five timesweekly,first holf-yea~-.Chemistryof theCompoundsof Carbon,fire timesweekly,secoadhalf-year.

Coursesby Dr. Morse:Analytical Chemistry,four timesweekly,firsthalf-year.GeneralChemistry(Non-Metals),flee timcsweekly,secoral half-yeur.

Coursesby Dr. Williams:Practicalexercisesin MineralogyandPetrography,throughtheentire

year.Mineralogy, threetimessceckly,first half-year.Geology, threetimessoeckly,seco~relhalfyear.

Six numbersof the AMERICAN CHEMICAL JOURNAL haveappearedwithin the year. Theseare Nos. 3, 4, 5, 6 of Vol. V,and Nos. 1 and2 of Vol. VI.

104 [No. 31.

JUNE, 1884.3 UNIVERSITYGIRCULAPS.

BIOLOGY.

PROGRAMME FOR ‘884-85.

I. Collegiate Instruction.

This is designedespecially for undergraduatestudents, but

graduate students who have not had a thorough preliminary

training will be requiredto follow the instruction in those sub-

jects of thecollegecoursein which they arefound to bedeficient,

before they will be permitted to undertakeadvancedbiological

studiesor engagein original research.

First Year (Minor) Course.

This has been plannedto meet the needs(I) of thosewhointend ultimately to takeup someonebranchof Biology (Zo6logy,Physiology,or Botany) for specialstudy; (2) of students,gradu-ate or undergraduate,who expect later to study medicine, butmeanwhiledesire,as a valuable preparation,to obtain somegen-eral knowledgeof the phenomena,laws, and conditions of life;(3) of thosewho desire,asa partof their generalcollegetrainiun,someacquaintancewith themethodsof modernexperimentalandobservationalscience,and select Biology as a subject of studywith that endin view.

The course consists of five lectures or recitations weeklythroughouttheacademicyear,with laboratorywork. Thelabor-atory work takes the placeof the greater part of the outsidereading requiredin connection with most other undergraduatecoursesin the university. The following subjectsform togethertheyear’swork.

1. GeneralBiology.Three lecturesor recitationsweeklyfrom the commencementof the session

until the middleof April.Attention is directedto thebroad characteristicphenomenaof life

and living things rather than to the minutlee of descriptiveBotany or Zoblogy, or the character of orders,genera, andspecies. In the laboratorythe student learns how to observe,how to verify and describewhat lie observes,how to dissect,andhow to nse a microscope;he examinesselectedvegetableandanimal typesfrom unicellular organisms,asthe yeast-plantandAmeeba,to thefern and the flowering-planton onesideandthecrayfish and a mammal on the other. in the lecture rooniattention is mainly given to the fundamentalbiological factsand lawswhich the particularplantor aninialunderconsidera-tion is fitted to illustrate, thc object being rather to give thestudentanideaof what is meantby thetermsliving thing, plant,animal, tissuedifferentiation, life history, organ,function, etc.,than to teach biti the elementsof Botany and ComparativeAnatomy as commonlyunderstood. The organismsstudiedareTorula, Protococcus,Ammba, Bacteria, Penicillinin, Mucor,Spirogyra, Nitellu., a moss,a fern, a flowering-plant,Infusoria,Hydra, starfish, earthworm,crayfish, clam, squid, cartilaginousfish, frog, terrapin,pigeon,and rat; so that at the close of thecoursethestudenthasa practical knowledgeof a typical exam-plc from eachof themain divisionsof plants and animals,onwhich to basefurther reading.

2. The Embryology of theChick.Three lectures or recitations weeklyfrom the middleof April until the

closeof the session.In this coursethestudent,who hasalreadyin his GeneralBiology

observedthe natural arrangementof animals and plants indiverging series ranging from a simple bit of hymn mattertohighly complicated organisms,studies the individual develop-mentof one of the higher animals,from its start as an almostformless bit of living matter to its final highly complexstruc-ture. The increasingdifferentiationof tissuesand organswhichhe hasnoted as higher and higher plants and animalsweredissected,henow seesexemplifiedby thechick embryo in differ-ent stagesof development. At thesametime agood foundationis laid for subsequentadvancedstudyin VertebrateMorphology.

3. Osteology, HumanandComparative.Twolecturesor recitationsweeklyuntil themiddleofApril, withpraet~

stetclyon selectedskeletons.The studentbegins with the humanskeleton,which, asthemost

minutely and accuratelydescribedof all convenientlyaccessibleanimalstructures,is well fitted to train him to observecloselyand accurately. He then studies a skeleton from eachof thechiefordersof theMammaliaand two orthreefrom eachof theremainingmain groupsof Vertebrata.

4. Plant Analysis.Practical instructiontscieeweeklyfromthemiddleofApril until thecloseof

thesession.Theestudentis taught how to collect and preserveplants; and by

theanalysisof a numberof flowering plantsnuderthedirectionof his teacher,gets a good introduction to the terminology ofdescriptivebotany,andlearnshow to usea botanicalkey for therecognitionofspecies.

SecondYear (Major) Course.

This is designedfor thosewho, having completed the aboveminor course,desire to proceedfarther with biological studies.Ultimately thesecondyear’swork in biology will be, atthechoiceof thestudent,oneof threecourses; in the first of these AnimalPhysiology will be the dominant study; in the second,AnimalMorphology; in the third, Botany ; for thepresentachoiceis onlyofferedbetweenthe first andsecondof the three.

[Tocompletel,is majorcourseastudentmust,after finishing l,is minor, takeeither1,2, and5, of thesubjectsbelownamed,or 2, 3, aud4. TIseformercombinationisespeciallyfittedfor thosewhoiutend afterwardsto studymedicine].

1. MammalianAnatomy.Twiceseeckly,until Christmas.In connectionwith this coursethe student dissectsoneof the

highermammalswith all theminutenesswith which thehumanbody is dissectedin amedicalschool. He thus not merelylearnshow to thissect thoroughly, but acquiresa knowledgeof thenames, gener~1 distribution and structure of nearly all themuscles,nerves,vessels,and viscera, and becomesfitted to talteup protitably theprofessionalstudyof thc detailsof descriptiveandregionalHuineenAnatomy,and so savesmuchtime whenheafterwardscestersa mediculschool.

2. Animal Physiologyand Histology.Threelecturesor recitations weeklyduringthe year.This courseis designedto give thestudenta goodknowledgeof the

healthypropertiesand modeof working of the various tissuesandorgansof the higher animals, man included; also to give

105

JOHNS HOPKINS

him a good knowledgeof their microscopicstructure. In thelaboratory eachstudent examinesfor himself the histology ofeachorganand tissue,and thus learnsthe useof reagentsandembeddingmaterials, the methodsof mounting specimens,etc.;healsostudiespracticallythe compositionof themoreimportantorgans and tissues,thechemistryof digestion, the fundamentalpropertiesof living musclesand nerves,the beat of the heart,the phenomenaof reflex action, etc. Important physiologicalfacts, which requirespecial skill for their exhibition or theemploymentof especiallydelicateinstruments,are demonstratedto the class. There will be, asa rule, one such demonstrationweekly.

3. Elementsof Zoiilogy.

Two lectures or recitationsweeklyfrom Christmasuntil the endof theacademicyear.

A systematiccourseof lectures on the structure,relationships,andclassificationof animals. Iii thelaboratorythestudentwilldissect a number of forms selected to supplementthe typesstudiedin theGeneralBiology course.

4. Marine Laboratory.

At least two months’ studyat the marine laboratory of the UniversitybetweenJune1st andAugust31st.

This maybe takenin oneyearor a monthmay betakenin eachoftwo consecutiveyears.

II. University Instruction and Opportunities.

This is designedfor graduateswho havealreadysucha knowl-edgeof Biology as might be obtainedby following thecollegiatemajorcoursein that subject, and for otherswho, although notgraduates,satisfytheuniversity authoritiesthat they are compe-tent to undertakeadvancedwork. In the university coursesbutlittle of the teachingis givenby formal lectures; the instructorscome into close daily contactwith the students,supervisetheirwork, direct their researches,andadviseas to their reading.

1. Animal Physiology.Thenewbiological laboratoryopenedlast October,hasbeenespec-

ially constructedwith reference to providing opportunity foradvancedwork in experimentalphysiology. Thecollection ofphysiological instrumentsbelonging to the University is un-usuallylargeandcompleteandis yearly addedto,—theTrusteesprovidinganannualsumfor thepurchaseof instrumentswantedfor anyparticularinvestigation,or which for other reasonsit isdesirableto havein thelaboratory. There is also awell-fitted-up workshopin the laboratoryin which a skilled mechaniciskeptconstantlyatwork repairing and constructinginstruments.The laboratorycontainstwo large rooms for general advancedwork in animal physiology, in addition to others speciallydesigned for work with the spectroscope,with the myograph,for electro-physiologicalresearches,and for physiologicalchem-istry.

2. Animal Histology.The laboratorycontainsa special room constructedfor advanced

histologicalwork, andwell suppliedwith apparatusandreagents.Thereis alsoaroom for micro-photography.

3. Animal Morphology.Roomsfor advancedwork in this subjectare alsocontained in the

laboratoryand a courseof advancedlectureswill be given byDr. Brooks. The chiefadvancedstudy in animal morphologyis bowcvercarriedon at theMarine Laboratory,openat thesea-sidefrom thebeginningof Juneuntil the ~nd of August, underthe direction of Dr. Brooks. The Marine Laboratorypossesses

- asteamlaunch,and is suppliedwith thenecessarydredges,boats,aquaria)microscopes,etc.

4. Physiological Psychology.

During the academic year a courseof lectures,combined withlaboratorywork, will be given by Dr. G. StanleyHall, in con-nection with the psychological coursesof instruction in theuniversity.

5. Lectures.Shortadvancedcoursesof lecturesaregivenfrom time to time on

selectedphysiologicalandmorphologicalsubjects.6. JournalClub.

A JournalClub, composedoftheinstructorsandadvancedstudents,meetsweeklyfor thereadinganddiscussionof recentbiologicalpublications.

7. Library Facilities.

Thelaboratorycontainsa library suppliedwith standardbiologicalworksandcompletesetsof themoreimportant journals. Thereis alsoa special collection of books which have beenbroughttogetherin connectionwith researchescarriedon in thelabora-tory. An effort is alwaysmadeto procurefor anyoneengagedin a particularinvestigationall publicationsbearingon his workbut not easilyaccessible,asgraduationtheses,occasionalpublica-tions fromlaboratoriesin Europeand elsewhere,etc. The bio-logical library receivesregularlyaboutforty biological periodi-cals,including all theimportantphysiologicalandmorphologicaljournals in English,French,German,andItalian.

The generallibrary of theUniversity receivesall thechiefjournalsofgeneralscience,and thetransactionsof all theleadinglearnedsocietiesof theworld.

TheLibrary of thePeabodyInstitute,within five minutes’ walkoftheUniversity,containscompletesetsof manyof thechiefbio-logical journals, of the proceedingsof learnedsocieties, andother worksof reference.

In thelibrary of theMedicaland ChirurgicalFaculty of Maryland,a very largenumberof medical periodicalsis accessibleto mem-bersof theUniversity.

The proximity of Washington is of special value to advancedstudents of physiology. The Library of the Army MedicalMuseum in that city contains an almost unrivalled storeofphysiologicalworks which areavailableunderconditionsfavor-ableto study.

8. Publication.In connectionwith the biological laboratorythere is publisheda

journal (“ Studiesfrom the BiologicalLaboratory”) which containstheresultsof most of theresearchescarried out in the labora-tory; a readymeansof publication for original work is thussecured. The University Circalars, which appearat brief inter-vals throughout the year, are available for preliminary state-ments, securing priority for discoverieswhile more detailedaccountsare in courseof publication.

III. Naturalists’ Field Club.

This wasorganizedby membersof theUniversity,but includesin its list of membersother residentsof Baltimore interestedinNatural History. The club works in three sections—Geologyand Mineralogy, Zo6logy, Botany. Each section elects its ownofficers and arrangesfor its own field excursionsand its ownmeetings. Thereare also monthly meetingsof the whole club,when thechairmenof the different sectionsreport progressandan addresson some topic of Natural History is given by oneofthemembers.

The mineralogicalcollectionsof theclub are preservedin theChemicalLaboratory; thebotanicalandzo6logicalin theMuseumof theBiological Laboratory.

106 [No. 31.

JUNE, 1884.] UiYI VEJ?SITYCIAC ULAAS.


I. Laboratory Work.The Biological Laboratoryhasbeenopenfor eight hoursdaily

during the year, for the prosecutionof advancedstudy andresearchand for coursesof practical instruction in connectionwith classes.

During the year original investigations,the resultsof whicheither havebeenor soon xviii be published,havebeenmadein thefollowing subjects:

Thenatureof the processof the coagulationof hlood. The chemicalcompositionof the blood of the Terrapin. The influenceof various saltsandothersubstanceson thecontractionof thearterioles. Thesuction-pumpactionof the heart. The influenceof suddenvariations of arterial pres-sureon therhythm of the heart. The actionof carbolicacid on theheartanti its antagonismby atropin. Theinfluenceof convallarinand conval-lamarin on the heart. The anatomyof Nemertians. The developmentand metamorphosisof various insects. The developmentand histology ofSalpa. The histology of Amiurns.

In connection with the regular class instruction, first yea.r studentsthoroughlystudieda numberof typical fungi, green plants, and animals;the skeletonsof about twentyselectedvertebrates;and the developmentof thechick in the egg. In thespringtherewere a few practical lessonsin theelementsof Systematicand DescriptiveBotany.

Secondyearstudentsworked at the histologyof thetissuesand organsof thehighervertebrata(especiallyman); thephysiologicalpropertiesandfunctionsof thetissuesand organs;thephysiologyof dinestion; thechem-istry of bile, urine, etc. Thestockof physiologicalapparatusbelongingtothe University beingunusually large,and including severalduplicatesofall the more frequently used instruments, each student in the class ofAnimal Physiology had theopportunityandwa.srequiredto perform forhimself all thereally fundamentalphysiological experiments,savesuchairequiredsomespecialskill ortheuseof verydelicateapparatus;theseweredemonstratedto theclass. The,cat was also thoroughly dissectedby thesecondyearstudents.

II. Advanced Instruction.

A courseof twenty-threeadvancedlectureswasgivenas follows:Four lecturesby ProfessorMartin on “The Causesof ChemicalDegrada-

tion in theAnimal Body.”Four lecturesby Mr. W. H. Howell on “The Consumptionof Matterby

theAnimal Bodyundervariousconditions.”Two lecturesby Mr. F. S. Lee on “The Formationof Fatin theAnimal

Body.”Four lecturesby Mr. L. T. Stevenson “The RelativeValue of Various

Foodstuffs.”Onelectureby Mr. H. F. Nachtriebon “The Physiologyof Hungerand

Thirst.”Threelecturesby Mr. Otto Laggeron “The Metamorphosisof Insects.”Twolecturesby Mr. H. L. Osbornon “The Embryologyof Insects.”Three lecturesby Mr. H. W. Connon “The RelationshipbetweenVer-

tebratesandInvertebrates.

Dr. W. K. Brooks gavea courseof aboutthirty-five lecturesontheMorphology of the Crustacca.

ProfessorW. Trelease,of theUniversityof Wisconsin,deliveredin Januaryfourteenlectures on “Vegetable Physiology.” Healso delivered in Hopkins Hall four lectureson “The Fertiliza-tion of Floxvers.”

Most of the advancedwork, however, wascarriedon individu-ally, andnot in class; each worker taking up some specialtopic

107

for studyundertheimmediatedirectionof someoneof the instruc-tois. In addition to theoriginal researchesalready enumerated,certaingraduatestudentshave in this mannercarriedon advancedstudy in variousdirections.

Studentsengagedin thiskind of study (which formsa stepping-stonebetweenclass-workandoriginalresearch),areusually givensomeimportant original article, and shown how to repeatandverify for themselves(and criticise, if necessary)theexperimentsand results described in it. By studying and repeating theoriginal work of others they learn the methods of biologicalinvestigation,andarethus trainedto planandcarry outresearchesthemselves. In connectionwith this work, studentsarealsotaughthow to hunt up andutilize thebibliographyof a subject.

III. Class Instruction.Coursesof lectures for undergraduatesweregiven as follows:

Osteology,twiceweekly, through the year.MammalianAnatomy, twiceweekly,until Christmas.Animal PhysiologyandHistology, threetimesweekly,through the year.GeneralBiology, three timesweekly,until the middleof April.Embryology of the Chick, three timesweekly,from the middle of April

until the eloseof thesession.PlantAnalysis, twieeweekly,in May.

IV. Marine Laboratory.During the summerof 1883, theseasideZodlogical Laboratory

for thestudyof forms of marinelife, wasopenat Hampton,Va.,from May 1 until September29.

The advancedwork included original investigations on thefollowing subjects:

The anatomyand developmentof barnacles,theanatomyand develop-mentof crabs,thehistology of Endendrium,theanatomyanddevelopmentof Balanoglossus,the developmentof the oyster,the anatomyof Lingula,theprotozoeastageof crabs,thedevelopmentof Annelids, theanatomyanddevelopmentof Chrysaora,theorigin of theeggsof hybrids and tunicates,the function of the semi-circularcanalsof sharks,andthe generalzo6logyof theHydro-Medusac.

V. Publications.Number1 of the third volume of “Studiesfrom theBiological

Laboratory” waspublishedin March. It contains:I. Significanceof thelarval skinof Decapods. By H. W. Coun. With

two plates.II. Life history of Thalassema.(Abstract.) By H. W. Cona. With

oneplate.III. Of the Gill in someforms of prosobranchiateMollusca. By H. L.

Osborn. With threeplates.Number2 of VolumeIII is in press.

Articles by variousmembersof thebiological departmenthavealsobeenpublishedin the University Circulars, in the Journalof Physiology,andin theZotilogisoherAnzeiger. Abstractsoftwo researcheshavebeenprintedin the Proceedingsof theRoyalSociety of London, und will shortly appear in full in the“PhilosophicalTransactions.”

The reportof theOysterCommissionof theStateof Maryland,preparedby Dr. W. K Brooks, Chairman of the Commission,and embodyingthe resultsof his prolongedinvestigationsat theMarine Laboratoryuponthe propagationof theAmerican Oyster,wasissuedin February.

JOHNSHOPKINS

ANCIENT AND MODERN LANGUAGES.

PROGRAMMES FOR 1884-85.

CREEK.

I. Greek Seminary.PROFESSOR GILDERSLEEVE will conduct the Greek Seminary,

theplan of which is basedon thecontinuousstudyof somelead-ing authoror somespecialdepartmentof literatui’e.

The Seminaryconsists of the Director, Fellows, andScholars,andsuchadvancedstudents,to thenumberof six, as shall satisfythe Director of their fitness for an active participation in thework, by an essay,a critical exercise,or some similar test ofattainmentsandcapacity. All graduatestudents,however, mayhavetheprivilege of attendingthecourse.

During thenext academicyearthestudy of The A/tic Ora/orswill constitutethechief occupation of the members. Therewillbe two meetingsaweekduringtheentire session. Especialatten-tion will be paid to thedevelopmentof languageandstyle andtothe antique canonsof aestheticcriticism. The rhetoricalworksof Dionysios of Halikarnassoswill be studied in connexionwiththis course.

Thestudentshouldpossessthetext of theorators(Teuhuered..~. Blass’sGesehiehteder AttisehenBeredsamkeitis an indispensableauxiliary. Aneffort will hemadeto have theseminarylibrary fairly completein the im-portantworksof referencefor thestudy.

II. Advanced and Graduate Courses.

1. PROFESSOR GILPERSLEEVE will also conduct a course ofPractical Exercisesirs Greek,consisting chiefly in translationat dictation from Greek into English and English into Greek,two meetingsa week, from the beginning of the sessionto thefirst of January. Advancedundergraduateswill be admittedtothis courseuponthe recommendationof their advisers.

2. Professor Gilderslcevewill lecture on the Syntaxof theMoodsarid Tensesoncea week until January1, and thereaftertwice a weekuntil April 1.

3. ProfessorGildersleevewill lecture on the Greek LyricPoets,with illustrative readings,onceaweekafter January1.

4. Dii. BLOOMFIELD will give a course in the ComparativeGrammarof Greek, duringthe first half-year.

5. Noticesasto othercoursesarereserved.

III. New Testament Greek.

Mii. J. I{ENDEL hARRIS will give thefoHowing courses:

1. Paleography,with especialreferenceto the DocumentsoftheNewTestament.

2. The Gospelof Mark, with an examinationof thequestionasto theauthenticityof thelast twelve verses.

3. Portions of the Sub-Apostolic literature will he read andcriticized, and in particular thesecondepistleof Clementandthe “Teachingsof theTwelve Apostles.”

4. A short coursewill probably be given on some questionsconnectedwith ChurchHistory andthegrowth of ChristianInstitutions.

IV. Undergraduate Courses.

1. Isocrates,i, iv ; Xenophon, Hiero.Threetimeswee/dy,first ha/f-year. Din. SPIEKER.

Conferenceson GreekHistory.Weekly,first ha/f-year. PinoFxssoxC. D. Momxrs.

2. homer, Iliad, xvi, XVII; Euripides,Hercules Furens.Four timesweekly,secondho/f-year. Dx. SPIEKER.

3. Plato, Gorgias.Four timesweekly,first ho/f-year. PRoFESsoRC. ID. Momxxs.

4. Aesehylus,Septernc. Thebas; Euripides, Iphig. in Taur.Threetinscsweekly,secondhe/f-year. PROFEssORC. D. Moseuis.

Conferenceson GreekGrammar.Weekly,secondhcdf-yeca. Pxovxssox GILDERSLEEYE.

o. ProseComposition.Weeklyexercisesia connectionwith eachof thechore courses.

Private Reading. Studentshaving the time areencouragedto pursueparallelcoursesof privatereadingunder the directionof theinstructor. Thosewho passexaminationson suchwork willhe able to completetheir coursesin shortertime than otherwise.Examinationson the following bookswill be providedfor 1884-5:

la. Merry’s SelectionsfronsHerodotus.2a. Plutarch,Thins/stones,Cicero.3a. Homer, Odyssey.xxs—xxiv.4a. Xenophon,Oecononucas.

NOTE.— Thework providedfor subsequentyearswill be arrancedon asimilar s eme,althoughthebooksofferedwill bedifferent. Ex’~anos

5conson thecoursesin PrivateReadingwill beheldat theendofend half N ear.

Classcourses1 and2 areto betakenasthe first year’s work w sib Ia a2aofPrivateReading. Thesecondyear’swork will consistof 3 md 4 ~mith3a and 4a of Private Reading. Shouldally student beunable to cto thePrivateReadingin connectionwith his classwork, he maytake thecxii a-nationon PrivateReadin

6sor extracoursesof classwork in a subsequentyear. Onecourseof classwork is in all casesconsideredtheequivalentof twocoursesofparallelreading.

IDa. A. E~sEaSou will conductcoursesin Classical Arebmologythroughtheyear,for graduateas well ~sundergraduatestudents.

L AT I r~.

I. Latin Seminary.Dii. WARREN will conductthe Latin Seminary. The studyof

Roman Satire will form the chief occupation of the membersduring the next academicyear. Therewill be two meetingsaweekthroughouttheyear oneof which will bedevotedto criticalinterpretationand the other to auxiliary studies,and to the dis-cussion of paperspresentedby membersof the Seminary. It isprobable that during the first half of the year more particularattentionwill be paid to Horaceand Lucihius, and in the latterhalfto Juvenal,andin a lessdegreeto Persius.

Studentsare advisedto provide themselvesin advancewith Keller andHolder’s Editio Minor of Horace (Leipzig, 1878)and Scbfltz’s edition ofHorace’s Satires(Berlin, 1881); Otto Jabn’sedition of Juvenal with theScholia, (Berlin, 1851), orMayor’s ThirteenSatiresof Juvenalwith a com-mentary (2vol., Macmillan, 1878 and1880); andwith Lacbmann’sedition ofLucilius (Berlin, 1876 with theIndex Lucilianusof Harder,Berlin, 1878),or theedition of LucianMueller (Leipzi~, 1872).

A good readingknowledgeof German is very essentialfor thesuccessfulprosecutionof thecourse.

108 [No. 31.

UNIVERSITY CIRC(fLAilS.

II. Advanced and Graduate Courses.

1. In the first half-yearIDa. WARREN will give a courseof six-teenlectureson theRoman Satirists.

2. In the latter half of the year DR. WARREN will conductacourseof Practical Exercisesin Latin, onemeetinga week, con-sisting mainly in translationat dictation from Latin into English,andEnglish into Latin.

III. Undergraduate Courses.

1. Livy, two books.Threetimesweekly,first half-year. Dx. SirIxscEia.

Conferenceson RomanHistory.Weekly,first half-year. Dx. SPIEKEx.

2. Horace,SelectOdes,Satires and Epistles.Foar timesweekly,secoadhcilf-year. iDx. SPIEKER.

3. Cicero, de Oratore I, TusenicinDispeetationsI.Threetimesweekly,fist half-year. Pxo~xssoxC. D. Moxxvs.

Readingat sight.Oncesveekly.

4. Catullus; Martial, SelectEpigrams.Seventimesin two weeks,secondhalf-year. PxorxssoxC. D. Moxxvs.

Readingat sight.Oncein two eceeks.

5. Plautus,]Jilosiellaria; Terencc, Andria.flYereetimesweekly,first half-year. Dx. WA xEN.

Readingat sight.Oncesceekly.

6. Tacitus, Dialogus de Oraloribus, Germcinia, AnnalesI.Sevewtimesin two weeks,first half-year. Dx. WAxxEN.

Readingat sight.Oncein twoweeks.

7. ProseComposition.IVeeklyexercisesen connectionwitheachof theaboveconrses.

Private Beading. Studentshaving the time are encouragedto pursueparallel coursesof privatereading underthe directionof the instructor. Thosewho pass examinationson such workwill be able to completetheir coursesin shorter time than other-wise. Examinationson the following books will he provided for1884—5:

la. Cusar,BellumtJivile; Cicero,deAmicitia.2a. Horace,Epociesand Oll.rmea Saccalare;Ovid, Fasti, I, II.

3a. Cicero, Orator, TasceelanDisputatious,H.

4a. Pliny, SelectLetters.5a. Plantus,C’aptivi; Terence,Phormio.Ga. Tacitus,Agricola., Historiesr; Suetonius,Life of Tiberists.

NOTE—Thework provided for subsequentyears will be arraw~’edon asimilar scheme,although the books offered will be different. Examina-tions on thecoursesin Private Readingwill be held at the end of eachhalf-year. Classcourses1 and2 areto be taken as the first years work,with la and 2aof PrivateReading. The secondyear’s work will consistof courses3 and4, with 3a and 4aof Private Reading. (5 and t3, with5aand Ga, are offeredasalternatives.) Should any student be unable todo the PrivateReadingin connectionwith his classwork, hemaytaketheexaminationon PrivateReadingsor extracoursesof class work in a sub-sequent year. One courseof class work is in all casesconsideredtheequivalentof two coursesof parallel reading.

SHEMITIC LANCUACES.

ProfessorIIAUPT will give the following courses:

1. hebrewfor beginners.Elementsof thegrammarandinterpretationof thestory of Joseph

in thebook of Genesis(ch. 37—tb). MondayandFriday, 4 p. m.Gessnins’IIelresegressner, translatedby Edward C. Mitcheil; Hebreceand

(J1,at,tee Lsxicsie to the Old Testamenti)y B. Davies, revised by E. C.Mitchell, Andover, i 553; Liter Genesis,ed. 5. I3aer and Fr. Delitzsch.Lipsias, isGi.

2. HebrewExercises.Readinghistoricalbooksatsight. Thursday,4 p. m.

3. Critical Interpretationof selectedPsalms.Tuesday,4 p. m.

Liber PsatmeramIlebraicas, ed.5. BaerandFr. Deiitzsch,Lipsias, 1861.

4. ChaldeanGrammarandInterpretationof thehook of Daniel.Wednesday,4 p. m.

LazzatosUrantinar translatedl)y J. 5. Goldaminer(New York, 1876); LibriDe,sietisEvraeit Nehunias,ed. 5. User atid Fr. Delitiseb, Lipsiae, 1882.

5. Ethiopic: Interpretation of the hook of Baruch.Dillmann’s ChrestoasothiaAethiopica(Lipsiae, 1866). Wednesday,

3p.m.6. Arabic: Reading of the Travels of Sindhad. (From the

Arabian Nights).BeyrutArabic Chrestoinathy,Vol. I. Tuesday,3 p. m.

7. Outlines of Assyriari Grammar.Thursday,ii a. m.

8. Sardanapalus’Arabian Campaign(V R., 7, 82).Thursday,12 m.

Sis. Henry Raveiinson’s C’aaeifsrm Inseriptiensef iVesternAsia, Vol. V Part

I, London,1550.

9. Interpretations of selected Sumero-AkkadianHymns andPsalms.

Thursday,3 p. m.I-Iaupts*Keitschr,ftte te, Parts1—IY, Leipzig, 1881—82.

In reply to inquiries concerningthe programmefor 1885—86it maybeadded(sofar asannouncementcanhemadeatpresent),thattherewill be inhebrew,besidesexercisesin readingatsight,Isaiah, andin (JhalrleeEzraandNehemiab;in Arabic,Qor’hn; in Ethiopic, thehomiliesin DilimanusChres-tomathy; and in Assyriology,introductionto thestudyof Babyloniantexts,NebuchadnezzarInscriptions,CyrusCylinder; Nimrod Epicwith theennel-form accountof the Deluge; Akkadian Exorcismsand Inc’ utations. ASyriaccoursefor beginnersalsowill begiven.

SANSKRIT AND THE CO PARAT~VE CRA -

MAR OF THE COCNATE LANCUACES.

IDa. BLOOMFIELD will give the following courses:

1. Beginner’s Classin Sanskrit.Whitney~sGrassnuar. Lanman’sBender. Twice a week.

2. AdvancedClassin Sanskrit.hlitopadegaandKathr7saritseiyaraduringthe first hia.lf~year; ~akun-

tala duringthe secondhalf-year.

3. Introduction into theRig-Veda.Lecturesandselecthymns.

4. AdvancedVedic Class.Atharva-Veda during the first half-year, selections from the

BrhhmanaandSiltra literatureduringthesecondhalf-year.

5. Introduction into ComparativePhilology.Lecturesand Whitney’sLanywageand theStudyof Language.

6. Selectchaptersof ComparativeGrammarof Greek.Based on Gustav Meyer’s Griechisehe Grausmatik and designed

especiallyfor the membersof theGreek seminary. Daring thefirst half-yeae-.

JUNE, 1884] 109

JOHNSHOPKINS

CERMAN.Knowledge of German is required in all coursesof study

which lead to graduation. Instruction is provided to meettherequirementsof differentclassesof students,as follows:

CLASS FOR BEGINNERS.

This classwill meetthreetimesweeklythronghtheyear. Thetext-booksused will be Whitney’s Grammar,and Reader (firsttwenty-four pages),andAhn-llenn’s Rudiments(first half), withshortselectionsin prose. Thecoursedoesnot countaspart of therequirementsfor graduation,but is simply an aid providedby theUniversity for thosewho arenot readyto enterclassA. Atten-danceupon this classis restrictedto undergraduatestudents.

NOTE I —Candidatesfor ClassA may offer asan equivalentfor theworkof thebeginner’sclass:

Grammar:Declension,gender,conjugation,and thesimplerrulesof syn-tax.

Reading: Whitney’s reader, the first 24 pages, or Adler’s reader,theprosepiecesin thefirstandsecondsections,or equivalents. Theymustalsobeable to render at sightsimpleEnglishsentencesinto German.

CLASS A.

This is commonlycalled theminor course. For admissiontoit, the stndent,whether collegiateor graduate,must possesstheknowledgeindicated above.

All undergraduates,excepttheclassicalstudents,are requiredto follow this course or to show that they havean equivalentknowledgeof German. Classical studentsare also advisedtopursuethis studyandwill receivefrom theinstructorsuchcounselas will aid them in doing so, and his certificatewill be neededbeforetheycan fully satisfy therequirementsfor graduation.

Therewill be five classmeetings,weekly, through theyear.

Classics: Prose;Drama.Twice weekly.

MiscellaneousSelections.Weekly.

ProseComposition,with Whitney’s Grammar.Weekly.

Oral practice in German; basedupon familiar readingsandexercises.

Weekly.

NOTE 2.—Candidateswho offer Germanin placeof Greek for matricula-tion will beexaminedon thework of ClassA or its equivalent.

CLASS B.

Studentswho havecompletedthework of ClassA or an equiva-lent may takea secondyear’scourseor anypart of it.

Therewill be five meetingsweekly, asfollows:

Readingof GermanClassics(continued.)Twice weekly.

ProseComposition.Weekly.

Lectures on the History of German Literature from theReformation, with Kiuge’s Geschichteder deutschenLiteraturandreadings.

Weekly.

Middle High German; selectionsfrom the NibelungenLied,Gudrun, etc.; lectures on the chief Teutonic epic cycles, withillustrations.

Weekly.

Exercisesin Germanstyle andsyntax.~lfonthly.

Exercisesin Germanconversation.Enrollmentfor theseexercisesis optional.

NOTE 3.—Graduatestudentswho showtheir fitnessfor it, mayjoin cer-tam classesin B while still in A.

(Statementsas to advanced coursesare reserved~.

ROMANCE LANCUACES.

Knowledgeof Frenchis requiredin all coursesof study thatlead to graduation. Instructionis providedto meettheneedsofdifferent classesof students,as follows:

CLASS FOR BEGINNERS.

This class will meet daily through the year. The text-booksused will be Breymann’sFrench Grammar, Chardenal’s FirstFrench Course,togetherwith the beginningof Knapp’s FrenchReadings. The coursedoesnot countas partof the requirementsfor graduationbut is simply an aid provided by theuniversity forthosewho arcnot readyto enterclassA, for which thework heredoneis considereda sufficientpreparation.

I. French: Class A.(Coiersefor a firsl year).

To enterthis courseboth a written and an oral examinationmust bepassed. Candidates will be required to have a thorough knowledge ofGrammarforms, especiallyof theirregularverbs,to havereadonehundredduodecimopagesof FrenchProseand to havetranslatedtwenty-five pagesof English exercisesinto French. For the oral examination they arerequestedto offer thetexts they haveusedin preparation.

1. Readingof Literary French.Selectionsfrom Guizot, Dumasph-c, Th. Gautier,Daudet,Victor

Jingo. Knapp: PreachReadinys. Twiceweekly.

2. Historical Course.Montesquien: Grandenret DicaciencedesRo9nains. Weekly.

3. Scientific Course.Mime-Edwards:Pricis d’Histo’ireNaturelle;Flammarion:Merveilles

dw Gel. Weekly.

4. FrenchComposition.Syntax,firsthalf-year; idioms,secondhalf-year. Weekly.

5. Lectures.The lectureswill discussVictor lingo, and the Romanticschool;

Th6ophile Gautierandthe Naturalists;GuizotandtheModernHistorians. Fortaiyhtly.

Opportunities for thorough training in French pronunciationandconversationwill be given, aclassmeetingdaily throughtheyear.

II. French: Class B.(CourseJ~r a secondyear).

Openonly to thosewhohavepur~uedthefirst year’scourseoritsequivalent.

1. Lectureson FrenchPhilology, Phonetics,etc.Weekly.

2. Lectureson FrenchLiteratureof theMiddle Ages.Fo2-tnightly, secondhalf-year.

3. Middle French.C~alvin, Fran9ois de Sales, llfoataigne, Satyre hUnippie, Brant6me,

Rabelais, Des Piriers, Marot, Ecole de Ronsard,with lecturesonsixteenth centuryPhonetics, Morphology and Syntax, accom-panying the texts read. Darmesteteret Hatzfeld: MorceauxOhoisis. Twice weekly,first half-year.

[No. 31.

JUNE, 1884.] UNIVEPSITY CII?CULAPS.’

4. Old French.Lcs piesanciensmonuments,St. Alexis, Roland, C’hrestien de Troycs,

Renart,Rose, Villehardoin, Joinville, Proissart. Bartsch: C’hresto-mothiedel’Ancien Fran9ais. Twiceweekly,secondhalf-year.

5. Classical French.Molibre: Le Jfi.santhrope; Corneille: Le Cid; flacine: Phidre.

Weekly.

6. ProseComposition.Gase’sProseComposition,first half-year; Original Essays,second

half-year. IVeckly.

III. Special Coursesin Italian and Spanish.1. Italian:

(a) Literary Goarse. Manzoni: I Pro~nessiSposi; Alden: Abel; Gobdoni: La SposaSagace,Gl’ Innamorati; Dante: Inferno. Weekly.

(b) historical Goorse. Machiavelli: Lc Istorie Fiorentine; Sonzogno’sStoriadella letterataraitaliana. Weekly.

(c) Cranunar ond Composition. Weekly.

2. Spanish:Selectionsfrom “Ferna.nCaballero,”Jos6Selgas,Lafuente,Javier

doBurgos, JoanValero,Emilio Castelar. Knapp: SpanishRead-ings;first half-year. Calderon:LaDevocionde la C’raz; El ]IlcigicoProdigioso;Cervantes:Don QaUote; secondhalf-year. Twiceweekly.

IV. Advanced Courses in Romance Philology.

(For advancedstudents,and candidatesfor thedegreeof Ph. D. taking this subject).

Course1:(a) Old FrenchSeminary.

Critical examinationof theearliestmonumentsof the language,viz.: La Cantiline deSainteEidalie, Po.ssiom de Christ, Vie deSaintAlexis. Weekly.

(b) Langued’oil Dialects.Lecturesandpracticalexercises. Weekly.

(c) ComparativePhonologyof theRomanceLanguages.Lectures. Weekly.

(d) Catalan and Modern Proven~al (first half-year), Wal-lachian(secondhalf-year).

Weekly.

(e) TheHistory of RomanceStudiesin Europe.Lectures. Weekly.

Course2:(a) Old French.

Aucassinet Nicolbte (Suchier’sedition). IVeekly.

(6) Old Proven~nl.XIII and XIV CenturyExtracts. Bartsch: ChrestomathicPro-

ven9ale. Weekly.

(c) FrenchPhoneticsof theMajor Course.Weekly.

(d) Italinis, with specialstudents.Thriceweekly.

(e) Spanish,with specialstudents.Twiceweekly.

(f) Portuguese.Braga: Antologiaportugueza; Cambes:OsLusiadas. Weekly.

(g) Ladinian.Ulrich: RhiltoromaniseheChrestomaihic,(II Theil.). Weekly,second

half-year.

111


I. Greek.

Under the direction of ProfessorGildersleevethe advancedstudentsof Greekhavebeen organized into a Greek Seminary.According to the plan of the seminarythework of eachyear isconcentratedon someleading authoror somespecial departmentof literature. During the past year the work has beenin theGreekhistorians.

In the seminaryproper, which met twice a weekduring the academicyear, selectportionsof Thukydideswereinterpretedin turn by thedifferentmembersof the seminary, with lecturesand illustrative papersby theDirectorandthestudents.

Among thesubjectstreatedmay bementioned: The compositionof thedifferent partsof the history of Thukydides,theprinciples that regulatetheint.roductionof theThukydideanspeeches,useof the passiveand mid-dle in Thukydides,Thukydideancompounds,use of i~ipor and xeiy

6v inThukydides, oracles in Ilerodotos, conditional sentencesin Herodotos,thetract de iRepublicaAtheniensium.

rI~he work of theseminarywassupplementedby the lecturesof

theDirector on GreekHistoriography,illustratedby readingsandby an aunlysisof the treatisesof Dionysiosof ilalikarnassosonthe style of Thukydides.

Besides the seminary course proper, ProfessorGildersleevedelivered twenty-five lectures on the Theory of the Cases,con-ductedtwenty-twoexercisesin trn.nslatingat dictationfrom Greekinto Ei’glish, andEnglish into Greek,andgaveacourseof fifteenlectureson Lucian.

Mr. Harris conducteda class-coursein New TestamentGreek, twice weekly, through the year, and gave two courses,one, of six lectures,on someNew Methodsof Textual Cricitism,and the other, of three lectures on the newly published tractentitled “The Teachingsof theApostles.”

Dr. Emersonconductedtwo classesin Pansaniasand GreekInscriptions, each meetingweekly during the secondhalf-year,and a classin Greek ClassicalAntiquities, meetingtwice weeklyduringthefirst half-year.

A public course on Classical Arebreology,comprising fifteenlectures,wasgiven during theyear. The course began with alectureby Dr. CharlesWaldstein,four lectureswere given by Mr.J. T. Clarke, three by Mr. W. J. Stillman, six by Dr. A. Emer-son, andaclosing lectureby ProfessorGilderslceve.

Additional courseswere conductedduringtheyear,by:

ProfessorC. D. Morris, inTisuhydides,bk. vii, four timessreekly,first half-year.Sopliokies, Philoctetes;Aristophanes,Ranac, four times weekly, second

half-year.(Thisclasshis also read at sight the Apologyand Cnito of Platoandaboutone-halfof

SheAisi igoneof Sophokies).lIomer, iliad, onceweekly,throughthe year.

Dr. Spieker,inLysias,four timesweekly,first half-year.Homer, Odyssey,sx—xri; Euripides, Alcestis,four timesweekly, second

half-year.Classesin GreekProseCompositionwere alsoconductedby eachof the

instructorsin connectionwith thecoursesabovenamed.

Studentshave privately read for examination the followingbooks:

Aesclaylus,Persac(4).Aristoplianes,Plata.s(1).Demosthenes,in Timocratem(6).

JOILYSHOPKINS

Euripides,Ilippolytas (4).Herodotus,(Merry’s Selections)(7).Sophocles,Electra (1).Xenophon,Helicaica, i, u, (7).

II. Latin.

The Latin Seminary under the direction of Dr. Warren, held

two sessionsa weekthroughout the year, the author selectedforspecial study being Terence.

The playsof Terencewere analyzedby the membersof the seminaryinturn, and a part of the Phormio and a very considerableportion of theAndriaweremadethesubjectof critical interpretation. Sometwenty-fivelectureswere givenby Dr. Warrenon topics connectedwith the Romandrama,specialattention being paidto the pre-Terentianliterature,to themetres,and to the history of the text of Terence. Paperswere presentedembodyin~theresultsof specialinvestigationby membersoftheseminaryonthefollowing subjects:on theDidascalke,on thepeculiaritiesof G.SulpiciusApollinaris as shown in the Periochae,on the position of adjectivesandpossessivepronounsrelative to their substantives,on the critical value tobeassignedto thecitationsof Terencefound in NoniusMarcellus,on somestriking differencesbetweenthemetresof Plautusand TerenceandthoseofGreekComedy,on Terence’suseof substantivesas comparedwith thatofPlautus,on the relative value of the different MSS. of Terenceand theircharacteristicpeculiarities,on Terence’suseof thepresentparticiple,on thecasesof hp~e~ey

6gspeciallyremarkeduponby Donatus.

Dr. Warren alsogave in the first half-year,a conrseof lectures

on Latin Palinography, accompaniedby practical exercisesinreadingfac-similes of manuscripts. In the latter half of theyear,a similar coursewas given on Latin Epigraphy.

Additional courseshave beenconductedduring theyear, by:

Dr. Warren, in

SelectLetters of Ciceroand Pliny, Aulus Gellius, threetimesweekly,firsthalf-year.

Juvenal,SelectSatires,threetimesseeekly,secondhalf-year.Horace,SelectSatires,onceweekly,seeondhalf-year.ReadingatSight.

Professor0. D. Morris, inLucretiusand Plautus,sevenhoursin two weeks,first half-year.Tacitus,four timesweekly,secondhalf-year.ReadingatSight.

Dr. Spieker, inLivy, four timesweekly,first hetlf-yeur.Horace, threetimesweekly,seeondhalf-year.

(Classesin Latin ProseCompositionwere alsoconductedby eachof theinstructorsin connectionwith thecoursesabovenamed).

Dr. Emerson,inClassicalAntiquities, twiceweekly,secondhalf-year.

Studentshave privately read for examination the followingbooks.

Cicero, dc Seuectute(7) dc Amicitia (7) pro BosciaAmerino(6) deFinibas,I, (4) ad Attiezem(1) deNature Deorsan,i, (4) Philippica,u, (1).

Horace,Epodes,OurmeeSwenlare,(6).Livy, xxii, xxiii, (1).Lucretius, v, (1).Martial, (1).Ovid, Fasti, v, H, (6).Seneca,deTranqnillitate Animi, Apocolocyntosis,(1).Suetonius,Tiberius,(2).Tacitus,Dialagas,Annalsiii, (2).Terence,Andria, (4).Vergil, Aeaeid,v, vi, (1).

III. Shernitic Languages.

The centreof ProfessorIlaupt’s work wasthe Old Testament.Hebrew was read two hoursweekly, andwasconstantlyreferredto in all theotherlectureson Arabic,Ethiopic, Assyriaii, Sumero-Akkadian, andin the Assyriological exercises. With the excep-tion of the last, all the courseswere intended for beginners.Accordingly theinstructionwasgiven notin lecturesbut aftertheseminarymethod.

In hebrew,theelementarydifficulties having beenovercome,portions ofthe Pentateuchwerereadand afterwards,at sight, somechaptersfrom thebooksof Judges,Ruth,and Kings. Theinterpretationwasconfinedchieflyto a thorough philological analysis. As a number of studentswho hadstudied Hebrew for several years took part in this elementarycourse,exegeticaland critical problemswere incidentallydiscussed,but attentionwasdevotcd mainly to a thorough training in the formsof the language.The grammarusedwasDr. Mitchell’s translationof Gesenius-Kautzsch.

TheArabic class,for wantof a. suitabletext book in English, had to usePetermaun’sBi-evis linguaeArabicacgra~nmatiea. After a preparatorytrain-ing in the soundsand forms, thefirst chaptersof Genesis(Saadia’sArabicversion) wareread and then the openingsuraof the Qor’kn and an easyhistoricaltext without vowels. In the grammaticalanalysistheformsandthemostimportantsyntacticalphenomenawerethoroughlyexplainedwitha constantrcf~rence to the pointsof contactas well as of differencewiththe Hebrew language. In orderto make thestudentsacquaintedwith theuseof thenationalArabiclexica, Arabic definitions,chiefly fromtheQamfis,weregivenandtheseservedat thesametime as exercisesin readingatsightunpaintedsentences. Therewere also composedby the studentswrittenexercises,conjugationsof themoredifficult irregularverbsand translationsof syntacticallyinterestingsentencesfrom Englishinto Arabic.

In Ethiopie, after some introductorylectureson thehistory of Abyssiniaand thepositionof theGeezlanguagein thecycleof thecognateidioms,theoutlinesofthegrammarweregiven,andafterwardsthereadingandanalysisof the Nar,-atiunealaedcviris sanctis in Dillmann’s ~‘hrestomathiaAethiopicawere enteredupon. The legendsof St. Mark, Melchizedek,Abbk Salhmk,and Yard wereread,andthe beginningof thestory of Macarms. In thegrammatical interpretation the gutturals were especiallytreatedof withoccasionalreferencesto Amhiaric and Tigrina and the close connectionof theGeezlanguagewith Assyro-Babylonianwaspointedout.

In Assyria’s as xvell as in Ethiopia the ladeof a convenient text booknecessih~tee1the dictatin~ of the grammar. Thereuponthe cuneiformAnnalsof Sardanapddusin Vol. V of Sir Henry Rawlinson’s WesternAsiaiascriptwaswere readl: the accountof the first five campaigns,the twoagainstEgypt, thethird againstBaal of Tyre, thefourthsagainstAchsheri(cf. Ahiisbahiar 1 Chron. 7, 10) of Van, the fifth against Elam, and thebeginningof thesixthsagainstShaniash-shum-ukin.Somewritten exerciseswith cunciforin paradigmsof theAssyrianverbal infiexion, &c., werealsocomposed.

In Scmero-Akkadianthe greatthree-columnedSyllabaryin Haupt’sKeil-schrlfttexte(Lcipzig, 1381) wasexplained. The principal phenomenaof thephonologyof the prc-Shemitic idiom were discussed,the origin of someAkkadianidcographssfrom thearchaicMesopotamianpicturewriting tracedandAkkadianwordswhichhavepassedinto Shemiticidiomsespeciallyintothelanguageof theOld Testamentwerepointedout.

In theAssyriologiealExercisesfor more advancedeuneiformiststhe sixthtablctof thaBabylonianNi,nrodEpicin Haupt’snewedition (Leipzig, 1884)wasraad,and before this, select bilingual exorcisins,incantations,prayers,hymnsandpenitentialpsalmsin rts II andIII of Ilaupt’s AkkadianandSumeriaa Texts (Leipzig, 1881) and in Vol. IV of Sir Henry Rawhinson’sCanelform laseriptiows, with special referenceto Akkadian syntaxand tothedialacticalvariationsin theancientProtochaldeanidioms.

All the courseswere two hoursweekly, exceptArabiaand Ethiopie foreachof which only a single hourweekly couldbespared.

The proceedingsof theShemiticSocietyaregivenby theRecordingSecre-tary, Dr; Arthur L. FrothiughamJr., in the April number of these tJir-CILLWP5.

[No. 31.

UNIVERSITYCIROULA]?S.

IV. Sanskrit, etc.

Five coursesin Sanskritandacoursein ComparativePhilologywereconductedby Dr. Bloomfield:

1. A beginner’sclassin Sanskrit,throughout theyear. Themostessentialelementsof thegrammarwere acquired in asshort a time as possible,andthenthestudentwas broughtface to face with the language,learning itsstructureand laws,not in theabstract,but in its living body. Five booksof the NolcL were read and thoroughly analyzed. The aim was either topreparefor the moreadvancedstudyof Indian philology in this university,or for private study, which is too difficult without such an introduction.

2. The advancedclassin Sanskrit readduring the greater part of theyear the drama ~okuntala. The main effort was directed towards thePrbkrit, which was constantlyanalyzedand comparedwith the Sanskrit.Toward the endof the year the class readselectionsfrom the Brkmanaliterature.

3. introduction into the Rig-Veda, throughoutthe year. After a shortcourseof lectures,selecthymnsofthis Veda.wereread. The languagewasstudiedfroni thepoint of view of the classicallanguage;constantreferencewasmadeto the critical helpssuchas the peclopc7thct,anukroascosland themetres.

4. During the first half of the sessionthe Kau~tika-sutrawasreadfromthemanuscriptsandwith theaid of a MS. commentary.

5. A practical exercise in SanskritProsewriting was conductedfromChristmasto theendof the year, on the basis of Ihfihler’s ElementarcursusdesSeaskrit.

6. A coursein the generalprinciplesof ComparativePhilology wascar-riedon throughouttheyear. It wasintroducedby tenlectureson thelead-ing questionsof Indo-Europeancomparativegrammar,(phoneticlaw andanalogy, bi-syllabic roots, agglutination,etc.). For the rest of the yearProf. Whitney’s “Language and the Study of Language~~wasmadethebasisof instruction,but thiswasconstantlysupplementedby lectures,whichaimed to carrythesubjectstreatedin the book up to thepresentday.

V. German.

Advancedcourseswere condndtedas follows:Gothic. Weekly,first he~f-year. DR. DIPPOLD.Middle High German. Twice weekly. Dx. DIPPOLD.DeutscheStililbungenand Essays. ]lfoathly. Mx. IiADDATZ.History of GermanLiterature,consistingof lecturesin German. On

alternateSaturdays. Dii. Dippoxn.LecturesonThe PeastEpic andMiddle Low Germanwerealsogiven,

weekly, duringthefirst half-year,by Dx. GERBER.

The undergraduateclasseswere conductedby Dr. Dippold,with Mr. iRaddatain chargeof theclassesin ProseComposition.

In thefirst year’scourseGoethe’sEgasout, Schiller’sMariaStuart,andSelectionsfrom Erler’s DeutscheGesehiebte,and from ScientificProsewere read. The first sectionread further Lessiag’sMinnavon Barnhelm;and thesecond,Schiller’s Wallenstein.

In the secondyear’s courseGoethe’sHermaunand Dorothea,Faust,selectionsfrom Wilhelm Meister, anci Lessing’sNathanwere reach;with theadditionof sight readingsfrom Eaiilia Galotti.

Therewereweekly exercisesin ProseCompositionin both thefirst andsecondyear’scourses.

Dr. Lehmannconductedtwiceweekly a classin GermanConversation,for undergraduatesandadvancedstudents,andthe majorcoursestu-dentsmet eachmonth,duringthe secondhalf-year,undertime direc-tion of Dr. Dippold,for thereadinganddiscussionof essaysonworksreadin thecourse.

VI. Anglo-Saxon and English.

Advancedcourseswereconductedby Dr. Wood in:Anglo-Saxon: Bdowulf; Cndmon’sGenesis. Twiceweekly.Old Saxon: liShiand. lVeekly,first half-year.The advanced studentsalso met fortnightly, under the direction of

Dr. Wood, for work in general English philology, reports and

discussions. Threeof thepaperspreparedduringtheyearfor thesemeetings,weresubsequentlyreadbeforethe UniversityPhilologicalAssociation.

Additional classes,inoluding the first andsecondyear’scoursesfor undergraduates,were conductedas follows:

Anglo-Saxon:Sweet’sReader;Cynewulf’sElene. Tsciccweekly. Dx.WOOD.

Early English(1300-1400). Twiceweekly. Dx. WOOD.Chaucer. Weekly. Dx. WOOD.Shakspeare:Hamlet. Twicesceckly,first half-year. Dx. BROWNE.English ProseWriters. Twiceweekly,secondhalf-year. Dx. BxoivxE.Elenientsof EnglishPhonetics. TVeekly,firsthalf-year. Dx. WOOD.GrammaticalandRhetoricalExercises. Weekly. Dx. WOOD.History of the English Language. TVeekly, second half-year. MR.

TOLMAN.

Dr. Browne also conductedtwice weekly a general intro-ductory course(P. 11. E.) in the History of English Literature,with readings. Essayshavebeenwritten monthly, by eachmem-ber of this class,and have beencorrectedand commenteduponby theinstructor.

ProfessorCorson gave twenty public lectureson the PoetryandDramaof theRestorationPeriod.

Four class lectures on English Literature at the end of the15th andbeginningof the 1 6th ceotury, weregiven by Dr. Wood,who also gave eight public lectureson theliteratureof theperiod1500—1580.

Mr. Woodworth met students daily for training in Vocal

Culture.

VII. Romance Languages.

Two advancedcourseswere conductedby Mr. Elliott duringtheyear. For the first of thesethework centredin theAnglo-Norman Dialect, for the second in a study of the earliest OldFrench Monuments. The following special subjectsweretreated:

Anglo-Norman:—Chardry’s Jesapham(xiii century)was takenup andstudied in its phoneticrelationsto earlierworks in this dialect, andto time Franco-Normanamid the Isle-dc-Francetypes. Weekly,firsthalf-year.

Old French Seminary:— The Oaths of Strasburgwere examined,according to facsimiles of the original MS., in tlmeir historicalandlinguistic relationsto the Capitularia Regumand their bearin~especiallyon the earliest developmentof time Romancesystemofphonetics. IVeekly,secondhalf-year.

Low Latin: — Aim Introduction, through the Imiscriptions and JocaMonachorumgiven in P. Meyer’sRecacild’AneienstextesBas-Letins,etc. Secondhalf-yeam~.

Provenyal:—TheBoethmiusHymn, theGirarddo RossiihoEpic, withdivers extracts,taken accordingto age, from the literatureof thetenth,eleventh,amid twelfth cemiturics. IVeekly,dluruiy the year.

Old FrenchasIntroductionto FrenchPhilology —AucassiaetNicolitewith specialreferenceto itsphionologyanddialectcharacter. TVeekly,first half-year.

Portuguese—Os Lusiadosde Cam5eswas read,attention beinggivento Oldl Portuguese,Old SpamiishiammdLatinforms. IVeekly,first half-year.

Wallachmian—An Introductionwasgivenin Cionca’sPractiseheGram-muatik der rumiimmischensprache togetherwith extractsfrom Sionu,Alesandresenand Alexandri. Secondhalf-year.

Ladinian:—TheMussoandValtelhineWar Epics(xvi andxvii centu-ries) were readtogetherwith selectionsfrom time modernliteratureof Palhioppi,Caderas,Caratsch,and from the Folk Lore. Weekly,throuyhthe yeas’.

Lectures:—(a) On Spanishand PortugueseDialects,weekly, throughtheyeam’; (5) On ComparativeRomanceGrammar,mecekiy, through theyear; (e) On French Phomietics, thirty lectures; (d) Oii Dante’sDivina Commimedia, sevenlectures; (e) On the Ilistory of the PastParticipleiii Fremichi, two lectures.

JUNE, 1884.]

JOHNSHOPKINS

The studentsof theFrenchMajor Course have read with Mr.Todd:

In Classical(xvii century) French,Le C’id (Corneille); Aihalie (Ra-cine), L’Arare (Moli~re) — In Middle (xvi century) French,themostimportantselections(considerablymoretha.nhalf) of Darmes-teterandHatzfeld’s JforceaaxChoisisdes AwtearsdieXVI Siicie, witha prfcis of Middle FrenchGrammar,twice seeehly,first half-year;—In Old French,thefollowing selectionsfrom Bartsch’sC’hrestoinathiede l’ancienfranyais:Serineatsde Strasboary,C’cmtiliee de Ste.Eidcdie,La Passion,St. Liger, St. Alexis,C’hansondeRoland, Amiset Amiles,Romande la Roa,Gontesdel Creel,Roman cle Renart,Romande laRose, Gonqaestede Goastantinople,Chroniqacscle Froi.s.sart, ilfioeoires clePhilippe de Goinines,Perceforest,twiceweekly,secondhalf-year;—Com-position; exercisesin style with theuseof Gasc’sProseCbmposition.In the secondhalf-yeartheseweresupplementedby original essaywriting.

The studentsof theFrenchMinor Course have readwith IXIr.Todd:

In Literary French,Le Roi samase,by Victor Hugo; Les DeinoiseilesdeSt. Qqr andIlallfax, by AlexandreDnmas,pire; Le Cenclre deill.Poirier, by Emile AugierandJulesSandean;andapart of La C/tan-son die Jardinier, by Andr6 Theuriet, tseice weekly;—In HistoricalFrench,onehundred pagesof Voltaire’s Ilistoire da Sue/cdeLonisXIF weekly;—Tn Scientific French,eightypagesof Milne-Edwards’Pricis dliii stoireNatarelle, weekly. In connectionwith thetwo lattercoursestheclasshasstudiednearlyall of Breymaun’sFrenchGram-mar; — In Syntax and Idioms the class hashad recitations andwritten exerciseson thewhole of Part I and twenty-five thimes ofPartII of Chardenal’sExercisesfor AdvancedPapils,weekly.

Mr. Fontainehasmet thestudentsof theMinor Coursefive timesweeklyfor Frenchconversation,with systematicinstructionand drill in the pro-nunciation.

Mr. Todd hasconductedspecialcoursesin SpanishandItalian:The classin Italian have readthefollowing authors:—Silvio Pellico:

Francescada Ritnini and sixty chaptersof Le hue Prigioni; Gal-doni: Use Ca2’iosoAceidente,Cl’ InnamoratiandLa SposaSagace;anda shortStoriadella LetterateraItalicaca. TheyhavefurtherreadshortselectionsfromTommasco,Mamiani, Mauzoni,Botta, Leopardi,Al-hen, Tassoni,Tasso,Ariosto, Petrarch,Bocca.ccio,and others,tseiceweekly. Short exercisesin grammarhave been given weekly, inconnectionwith theabovereadings. A specialclassin DantehavereadCahtos~, xIi—xx~i of theInferno, eeeekly.

The class in Spanishhave readthe following :—Lope deVega: ElDesdichadopar le Ilonra; Calcleron: El Alcaide cle Za/ainee; andthe whale of Knaup’sSpanishReadings,twice-weekly. Short exer-cisesin grammarleave beengivenweekly, in connectionwith theabove.

Two public courseson French Literature including twenty-threelecturesandreadings(in French)were given by M. iRabil-ion. He alsoconductedclassesin Frenchconversation.

The JOHNs HOPKINs PHILOLOGICAL AssociATIoN has metmonthly as heretofore. Papershavebeenread duringthesessionby:

M. BLoO2IFIELm—On certain irregular Vedic subjunctivesor impera-tives; on a proposededition of theKhayika-siitraof theArthavaVeda; theprobabilityof theexistenceof phoneticlaw.

M. W. EAsTox—Uniformity andanalogy.A. B. Eacie—On inchoativeor se-verbsin Gothic and other Germanic

dialects.A. i\’I. ELLIOTT—The Nahuatl-Spanishdialectof Nicaragua;thedevelop-

mentof verbalparasyntheticsin a in theRomanceLanguages.A. EMERsoN—Acommunicationfrom Prof.B. Wblfflin on theformation

ofa new ThesaurusLinguec Latinie.B. L. GILDEESLEEVE—On Ribbeck’s life of Ritschl; the Greekfinal

sentence.J. R. 1-Luixis—Onthe exemplarof codexC and the apocalypse;notes

on theSinaitic andVaticancodices.J. A. HARRIsoN—Thesyntaxof the old past participle and evoir in

Frenchpoetryof the xieth century.P. Hnupv.—TheBabylonianwoman’slanguage.C. ‘IV. E. MILLER—Rhythmical pronunciationof GreekandLatin prose

and a few remarkson accent.C. D. Moxeus—Therights of a Greek metropolisover its colonies; on

K. Brugmaunsrecentgrammaticalstudies.B. G. SIIILER.—Studiesin Dinarchus.B. II. SPIEKER—Noteon a certainuseof the Sanskritwordyethk.A. S. TOLuAN—Musical notationin thestudy of blankverse.M. WAiexax.—Noteon PlautusMercator.II. Woon—OnT. L. Beddocs,a survival of style.C. B. Wieineiv.—Parallelismsin Beowulf.

The fourthvolume of the AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGYhasbeencompletedduring the yearand the first numberof thefifth volume hasbeenissued.

HiSTORY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE.


I. Graduate and Advanced Courses.

1. Seminaryof AmericanHistory andEconomics.

The Seminary,to which graduatestudentsonly nrc admitted,will be underthedirectionof Dr. H. B. Adams,assistedby Dr.II. T. Ely andDr. J. F. Jameson. The regularweekly meetingsof the Seminaryare held on Friday evenings,eachsession occu-pying two hours. At thesemeetingsoral andwritten reportsaremadeof original investigations that havebeen carriedon by in-structorsandstudentsworking in definite lines.

During the next year therewill be threemain lines of inquiry,representedby thethreeinstructorsin thedepartmentof Histori-cal andPolitical Scienceandprosecutedwith theco-operationof

students. The first line is in continuationof thework followedby Dr. AdamsandtheSeminaryfor severalyearsandpertainstoAmerican institutionsof Government,with special referencetocertainlocal,municipal,state,andnationaltypes. Thinesecondlineof original inquiry, under thee directionof Dr. Ely, will be theHistoryof Political Economyin theUnitedStates,with referencenot only to theprobressof thesciencebut to thehistory of taxa-tion audi ofeconomicadneinistrationin certainr4resentativecitiesand States. The third line of investigationwill be a study ofrepresentativeState Constitutions,under the guidanceof Dr.Jamneson,with specialattention to thee constitutionalhistory ofoneor two of theeStates.

TheSeminarylibrary of Ilistorical andPolitical Scienceis nowwellsuppliedwithe materialsfor thee prosecutionof theseresearches.Thecollectionof local, municipal, state,and nationaldocumcntsis rapidlyincreasing;andthenecessaryautheorities,historicalandeconomic,setsof journals,etc.,arenowat thestudent’scommand.In addition to thee Bluntscleli Library, presentedto thee Uni

[No. 31.

JUNE, 1884.] UNJVEBSITYCIBCULAPS.

versityby theGermancitizens of Baltimoreand representingthehistory, politics, and laws of EuropeanStates,the institutionaland economichistory of the United Statesis representedby agood collection of books.

Other libraries, easy of access, are the Library of Congress,thePeabodyLibrary (numberin~ eighty thousandvolumes, welladaptedto certaindepartmentsof research),theLibrary of theMaryland Historical Society(especiallyrich in Americana),theLibrary of the Baltimore Bar (law reports),and the MarylandEpiscopalLibrary (especiallyvaluable for its original sourcesofchurchhistory).

2. history of Polities.This course,conductedby Dr. H. B. Adams,will beopento grad-

uate and law studentsonly. It will consistof lectureson theHistory of contemporaryEuropeanPolitics, beginningwith thepresentcentury,comparativestudiesin theHistory of EuropeanInstitutionsfroman earlierdate,andpracticalexaminationsuponselect topics of general Political History. Three times wee/dy,thrastghthe yecu’.Thefollosviu~ beaksare recommendedto studentspropasina to follow this

coarse: Plato’sItepublic, Aristotle’s Politics,Cicero’sRepublic, Dante’sDeMonarcisia,Machiavelli’sWritings, Grotisis’ Works, Montesquien’sWorks,Blont.sehui’s (esehich,teder neuerem&aetswisseaschaftand his Lehre casesosternenS/eat,witis the WorksofFrancisLieber. Authorities upon topicstar oral examinationandspecialresearchwill henamedin connectionwillsthe lectures.

3. FinanceandTaxation.A course,adaptedto studentsoflaw, andconductedby Dr. R.T. Ely.

Thegeneralprinciplesof Finance,Money,andBanking, and alsothe special subjectsof Taxation in thecities and Statesof theAmericanUnion, togetherwith a sketchof theFinancialHistoryoftheUnitedStates,will beconsidered. Threetimesweekly,thraesghtlse year.

4. Comparative Studiesin EuropeanAdministration.A courseof lecturesby Dr. Ely on Methodsof Administrationin

England,France,and Germany. Specialsubjectsfor considera-tion will be the or~anizationof governments,their economicfunctions,sanitarylegislation,poor laws, appointmentandtenureof officers in thecivil service. Onceweekly,through theyeas’.

5. Lectureson theEarly Christian Church.This coursewill consist of six lecturesby AssociateProfessorJ.

Rendel Harris,upon the character,organization,charities,andotherinstitutionsof theprimitive church.

II. Undergraduate Courses.

1. Physical Geographyand Ilistory.*After anentranceexamination in PhysicalGeographyand in the

History of En5landandof theUnitedStates,thestudententers

upon thefollowing courses,which, in connectionwith the studyof English,areregardedasfundamentalto furtiserundergraduatestudy.

(a) Fifteenclassexercisesintroductoryto thestudyof History,with Dr. H. B. Adams. Oncesreehly,first half-year.

(b) FifteenclassexercisesupontherelationofPisysicalGeogra-phy to History, with Dr. J. F. Janseson. Once eecehly,eceasedhalf-year.

(c) Ilistory of GreeceandRome (Republicand Empire),withDr. J. F. Jameson. Twice sreehly, through the year

— or—

Outlines of EuropeanHistory. Freeman’sGeneralSketchof EuropeanIlistory will beusedasatext-book,with const:sntreferenceto otherauthorities. Twiceseeehly,through the year.

2. Two Years’ Coursein History.FIRST YEAR:

Sourcesof GreekandRoman History.Thefirst year’scoursein History is to betaken with ProfessorC.

D. Morris, Dr. W:srren, and Dr. Spieker immedi:steiy upon

115

entering the University and consists in the readingof ancienthistorians,—Herodotus,Thucydides,Livy, and Tacitus,—partlyin originaltextsandpartly in translations,with specialreferenceto accuracyin interpretationand to historical style. Fire timesweekly,thrascghthe year.

SECOND YEAR:

MediaevalChurchandState.TiPswill be a coursewith Dr. H. B. Adams in the studyof the

relationsof the Church to the Roman, Frankish,and GermanEmpires. The coursewill comprise lecturesuponecclesiasticalinstitutions, reports upon assignedthemes,and examinationsuponBryce’s “Holy RomanEmpire,” Lea’s“Studiesin ChurchHistory,” portionsof Milusan’s “Latin Christianity,” and otherauthorities. Tteiccweekly,first half-yeas’.

The Italian Renaissanceandthe GermanReformation.This is a continuationof thseprecedingcourseand is devotedto

the studyof tbe revival of learning, the history of the ItalianRepublics and t.heir influenceupon Europe, therelationof theGerman Reformationto Italian Humanism,the progress andresults of the Reformation. Essaysare to be written by thestudentsin connectionwith this courseandfrequentoral exami-nationsare hseld. Tteicezeeckly,secondhalf-year.

I-history of Franceand England.Thsis is a coursewith Dr. J. F. Jamesonin theparallelstudyof the

medi~ val andmodernhsistoryof thiesetwo countries. Such text-booksas “The Student’sFrance”andGreen’s“Short History ofEngland” areusedby theclass,andotherreadingis requiredinconnectionwith assignedtopics. Three tisseesweekly,throscgh theyear.

NOTE—Forthecompletionof thetwo years’coursein History, individualexaminationsare required upon an extendedcourseof private reading,especiallyrecommendedto eachindividual; alsothepreparationof at leastfive historicalessays,satisfactoryin point of substanceto theinstructor inHistory, and, in point of style, to theinstructorin English.

3. Two Years’ Coursein Political Science.FIRST YEAR:

Elementsof Political Economy.A preliminarycourseof instructionwith Dr. R. T. Ely comprising

lectures,essays,andfrequentexaminationsuponassignedtopics.The basisof class-~x’orkwihi be Laveleye’s “Elementsof PoliticalEconomy” and Cossa’s “Guide to the Study of PoliticalEconomy,”with selectportions of the writings of John StuartMill andothereconomists. Fire t’iaseswcekly,firsthalf-year.

History of Political Economy.A moreadvancedcourseof lecturesby Dr. Ely uponthehistory of

variouseconomic systems,including a considerationof someofthie contensporarysocialproblenssin EnglandandAmerica. Firetissses‘seeehly,secosedhalf-year.

SECOND YEAR:

Time English and AmericanConstitutions.A coursewith Dr.Jamnesonin the studyof the developmentand

presentforuss of constitutionalgovernmentin EnglandandtheUnited States. Threetunessceckly,throsegh the yeas’.

Tue Modern State System.A courseof instructionwithi Dr. H. B. Adanosupon Internationa.h

Rebstions,Modern Treaties (includimig those of the UnitedStates)and Modern Politics, preparatoryto the studyof Inter-national Law asemimbodied in Bluntschshi’sGermanCode. Tseiceweekly,throstghtime year.

NOTE—Thefirst yearin Political Scienceis to follow thefirst year’scoursein History mind is tahtenin connectionwith tile historicalcourseson Churchand State; RenaissanceandReformation; FranceandEngland. In no casecan two years’wont either in historyor Political Sciencebe takentogetherin one year; but, in caseswhiereonly oneyearcan bedevotedto thesesub-jects, a hsalf-ycarin Ihistory maybe comubinedwith ahmm.lf-yearin PoliticalScience. A yearin History mayalsobecombinedwith ayearin PoliticalScience. For thecompletion of tile full undergraduatecoursein PoliticalSciencea prescribedamountof privatereadingmustbeoffered.

‘~ Part of what is called the P. II. E. commrse,reqimired of all nndcrgradimates,and com-prising Physical Geography,History, and Englisim.

JOHNS HOPKINS


I. Seminary Work.

A. AmericanInstitutionsandEconomics.The Seminaryof Historical andPolitical Sciencehasmetregu.

larly oncea week for a sessionof two hoursunderthedirectionof I)r. El. B. Adams. During the past year,attentionhasbeendirected especiallyto the study of American Institutions andAmerican Economics,with referenceto specific topics suggestedby the instructorsin thosedepartmentsof study.

Among theoriginal pagerspresentedanddiscussedby membersofthe Seminaryare the following: The SeminaryMethod,by H.B. Adams; Christian Socialism, by 114. T. Ely; ~tienne Cabetand his Icarian Community, by Albert Shaw(Doctor’s thesis,1884); Virginia Institutions (threepapers),by EdwardIngle;Judicial Procedureamon~ Boys, by John Johnson; State andLocal Taxation in Kentucky,by Arthur Yager(Doctor’s thesis,1884); CongressionalGovernment,by Woodrow Wilson.

B. AmericanColonial History, by Dr. H. B. Adams.An extrasessionof theSeminary,onehour aweekthroughthe

year,hasbeen devotedto thestudy of thesourcesof AmericanColonial History andto theprosecutionof certainlines of researchsuggestedby the instructor.

Attention was first called to the history of American discoveriesand to early American cartography. The first settlementsofVirginia, of NewEngland,andofothercoloniesweretheninvesti-gated. Paperswere preparedby studentsuponsuchsubjectsast.hefollowing: theSpaniardsin Florida, theSwedeson theDela-ware, the EconomicBeginningsof Pennsylvania,the Institu-tional History of Pennsylvania,the Beginningsof Connecticut,theInstitutionsof Virginia., Maryland,CaliforniaandtheSouth-west, Oregonand the Northwest,etc. Sonic of this Seminarywork will be elaboratedinto studiessuitable for publication.Pazticular attentionwas called by theinstructorto thedevelop-mentof federalunity amongthe colonies. Thephasesof unionbefore the Continental Congresswere consideredin detail, andsomenew lines ofinquiry werepointedout.

II. Historical and Political ScienceAssociation.

In connection with the Seminary,which consistsof graduatestudentsdevotingtheir chief attentionto History andEconomicsin this University, is an Associationincluding a few honoraryandnon-residentmembers,not directly connectedwith this institution.

Among thosewho haveaddressedthe Associationduringthepastyearare: Dr. II. VonHolst, on SlaveryasanInstitution; JamesBryce, M. P., on De Tocqueville’sDemocracyin America; Dr.Charles Gross, on the Guild Merchant,— an Introduction toAmericanMunicipal History; Major J. W. Powell, Chiefof theEthnological Bureau,on Indian Institutions; Dr. E. Channing(Harvard), on Town and County Government; Dr. J. Royce(Harvard),on the Developmentof Society and GovernmentinCalifornia.

Among the original papersforwardedto theAssociationby non-residentmembersare: Indian Money in New EnglandCiviliza-tion, by W. B. Weeden,andTown Governmentin UhodeIsland.by W. E. Foster.

III. Publications.

Some of the principal paperspresentedto theSeminaryor tothe Historical andPolitical ScienceAssociationarepublishedinthe Johnshopkins University Studiesin Historical and PoliticalScience, a monthly monographicjournal, edited by Dr. H. B.Adams. The first volume,devotedto Local Institutionsandcom-prising 4~O pages,was completedin October,1883.

The FirstSeriesis devoted,to “American Institutional History,”more especially to forms of Local Goveranient. A SecondSeries,devotedto Local Institutions and AmericanEconomicsis now in progress. Among the uionographsin this volumeareProfessor1-losmer’s,on “Town Meetings”;ProfessorMacy’s,on “The Institutional Beginnin

6sof a WesternState(Iowa)”Dr. L. W. Wilhelm’s “Old and New Townsin Maryland”; Dr.114. T. Ely’s “Past and Presentof Political Economy”; Dr.HenryCarterAdams’s“Taxationin theUnitedStates,1789-1816”(Doctor’s thesis,J. H. U.) Many of the contributionsto theSeminaryandAssociationare publishedthroughother channelsthanthe UniversityStudies,e. g., in theProceedingsof Histori-cal Societies,in the Magazineof AmericanHistory, etc.

IV. Advanced and Collegiate Classes.

Da. H. B. ADAMS.

1. Historical Developmentof InternationalLaw.An advancedcourse,threehoursweekly, first half-year,introduc-

tory to thestudyof Bluntschli’s T7fihlcerrecht in the Germantext.

The instructorlecturedupon thebeginningsof internationallife asillustratedin ancientandmediuvalhistory. Heconsideredsuchtopics as the inter-tribal and inter-municipal relations of theOrient; theinter-municipal institutionsof the Greeks;the in-ternationalinfluenceof homeandof the ChristianChurch; theItalianbeginningsof moderninternationallaw; and the riseofthestatesystem. In connectionwith this historicalsurveyof thegrowthof internationalism,variousspecialpaperswerepresentedby membersof the class, upon such subjects as Carthaginiantreaties,the Unmanmunicipal system,the municipal leaguesofthemiddle ages,etc. In connectionwith thereadino’ and expo-sition of Bluntschli’s code, a great variety of practical cluestionspertainingto internationalpolitics werediscussedby individuals,e. g., Francein theTonquin, theopening of China, theprogressof Japan,thecontrolof theCongo, international congressesandtribunals, thePanamaCanal,the Monroedoctrine,etc.

2. The Old GermaAzEmpire and theRise of Prussia.This wasan advancedcourse,three hoursa week, secondhalf-

year, aftertheconclusionof thecourseon InternationalLaw.Lectureswere given upon mediceval Gerniany, the origin and

developmentof Prussia,its territorial and dynastichistory, itsrelation to thebreak-npof medi val unity and to the re-consti-tution of Germany. Thecoursewas designedto be introductoryto thestudy of EuropeanConstitutionsandContinentalPolitics,which subjectswill be pursuedduring the next academicyear.In connectionwith thelectures,oral examinationswereinstitutedupon general topics of Europeanhistory, which practical exer-cises will be continuedduring the coming year.

3. The Beginningsof Church andState.An undergraduatecourse,twice a week,first half-year. The course

consistedof lecturesby theinstructorandoral reportsby membersof theclass,in which exercisestengraduatestudentsparticipated.The instructor consideredtheorigin andspreadof Christianity,its relationsto the Unmanempire and the Germanicpeoples;the origin and growth of ecclesiasticalinstitutions,— bishops,presbyters,synods,councils,etc.; the history of the papacyinthe middle ages; and the Holy homanEmpire. The studentspreparedessaysandreportsupon topicsconnectedwith thecourseand wereexaminedupon thelectures,togetherwith certainpre-scribedauthors,—Bryce,portionsofGibbon,Milman, andPloetz’sEpitome.

4. The Italian Renaissance.A continuationof theabovenndergradu~tecourse,two hoursaweek,

sccon(l half-year. The courseconsistedchiefly of lecturesuponthehistory of the Italian republics,therevival of learningandof art, andtherelationsof Italian to Europeanhistory. Readingwasrequired in suchauthorsas Burckhardt,Symoads,Grinim,andlIallani; reportswereprepareduponassignedtopics.

116 [No. 31.

JUNE, 1884.] UNIVERSITYCIRCULARS.

5. IntroductoryHistorical Course.Twelve lecturesto undergraduatesentering upon the coursein

Physical Geography,History, and English.

Da. R. T. ELY.

6. AdvancedCoursein Political Economy.

This course,threehours weekly, throu0hout the year, consisted

of class-lectures,student-Iectures,and occasional special lectures.The subjectsto which particular attention was devoted were as

follows: The Historical Developmentof EconomicTheory; theFundamentalPi-inciples of Political Economy,includingdefini-tions; Production; Value and Price; Distribut.ion and Con-sumption; the meansof Transportationand Communication;Free Trade and Protection; Social Movements in America.Eachstudent reada paperon somephaseof economic historyand a numberof essayswerepreparedon theHistory ofPoliticalEconomyin theUnitedStates. A paperwasalso readon Taxa-tion in Baltimore, anda careful study of Taxation in Pennsyl-vania hasbeen begun. An essayon “Icaria., a chapterin theHistory of AmericanCommunism,” was preparedand part of itreadbeforethe class. This essayby Dr. Albert Shawis nowinpressand will be publishedin book-formby Messrs.G. P. Put-nam’sSons.

7. Minor Coursein Political Economy.The first part of this courseconsistedof lectureson theElementsof

Political ‘Economy and a careful study of John Stuart Mill’sPrinciples of Political Economy, with frequent reference toWalker’s “Political Economy,” and other works. The secondpart consistedof lectureson Historical Systemsof PoliticalEconomy. At least two paperswerepi-eparedand readby eachmemberof the class. A few of the subjectstreatedwere asfol-lows: TheWage-FundTheory; TradesUnionsandStrikes; TheInternalRevenueof theUnitedStates;the InconseTax; Coin-

munistic Experimentsin the United States;The IndependentTreasurySystemof theUnitedStates; theTheoryof Value.

DR. J. F. JAMESON.

8. History of EnglandandFrance.This course,threehoursweekly throughoutthe year,formed, with

Dr. Adams’s undergraduatework, the minor coursein History.Green’s England and Masson’s Guizot’s Francewere used astext-books. The recitationswere accompaniedby informal lec-tures. Reportsupon topics, speciallyassigned,andstudiedl4nderthe directionof theinstructor,were made. Additional readingin the standardauthorswasrequired. Formal lecturesbroughtthe coursedownto thepresenttime.

9. History of Greeceand Rome.Twiceweeklythroughouttheyear. Text-bookswereused,informal

and occasionallyformal lectureswere given,and selectedtopicswerereportedupon.

10. English ConstitutionalHistory.Oncea week. Stubbs’“SelectChartersandotherDocumentsillus-

trative of EnglishConstitutionalHistory” wasused; theperiodstudiedwas that from 1066 to 1216, specialattentionbeingpaidto thedevelopmentof theprinciplesestablishedby MagnaCharta.

11. PhysicalGeography.Lectures on the relationsof PhysicalGeographyto History (with

special referenceto Greeceand Italy) were givenonce a week,beginningin January.

Coursesof public lectureswerealsogiven in hopkins Hall :—on

theRelationof History and Politics, by ProfessorH. VON I-IoLST,

of theUniversity of Freiburg,and on the Study of RomanLegalHistory, by ProfessorJAMES BRYCE, of the Universityof Oxford.

PHILOSOPHICAL COURSES.

- PROGRAMME FOR 1884-85.

A. For Advanced and Special Students.

PSYCHOLOGY AND PEDAGOGICS.

PROFESSOR G. STANLEY HALL will direct the studies of alladvancedstudentswho wish to take up thestudyof Psychologyor Pedagogyupon the following plan.

1. He will lecturetwice a weekin theBiological LaboratoryonPsycho-Physiology. Though in the main, a continuationof thecoursebegunin February,1884, theselectures will be open toother graduatestudentswho haveheardProfessorMartin’s coursein animal physiologyordonework elsewherewhichcan be acceptedasits equivalent.

Beginning with compoundreflex-action and instinct in animals,suchtopicsasmemory,associationof ideas,attention,volition andfeeling intheir morbid andnormalformswill be discussedasfar aspossibleon aphysiologicalbasis. Thecontributionsof psycho-andneuro-pathologyto the understandingof the normal function and histology of thecerebro-spinalnervoussystemwill receive special attention. In con-nexionwith this part of the coursedemonstrativeand observationalexercisesin humanneurologywill be offeredto thosewho desirethem.The psychologyandpathologyof speechandwriting will beillustrated.The psychologicalpartsof anthropology,theevolution of the psychicfacultiesin childrenandin therace,etc., will be summarizedandwillintroducethepsychologyof nationalandother comprehensivesystems

of opinion and thought. In short, the endeavorwill be to give asbriefly aspossibleageneralsurveyof thevastfield of modernscientificpsychology,with suchdetails,demonstrationsand illustrationsas thetime will permit.

Thiscourseis intendedFor thosewho desireto carry on thestudyof biology by experimental

methodsinto thestudyof thepsychicfunctionsof animalsandman:For thoseintendingto give attentionto thestudy of psychiatricmedi-

cine:For thoseinterestedin medicaljurisprudenceor in linguistic psycho-

physics:For specialstudentsof philosophy.

2. He will encourageanddirect Psycho-Physicresearchwithcarefullyselectedoriginal themesapproved by him, with a viewapartfi-om results,to theeducationalsignificanceof thesemethodsas a field of appliedlogic.

3. lIe will lecture onceweekly on theHistory of ModernPhilo-sophical and Educational Ideas, beginning with the scholasticperiod..

Theviewsof representativemodernphilosopherswill besketched; and,as the basisof educationalideasnecessitatesa broadersurvey,selectedchaptersfromthehistoryof science,medicine,andbeliefwill be added.In tracing the applicationof theseto education in the broader andhighersense,such topicswill bediscussedase. g., theorganizationandoperationof learnedsocietiesand scientific and other academies;theconstitutionand methodsandhistory of Europeanuniversitiesfrom theRenaissance;the educationalvalue of philosophicalsystems;profes-sional schoolsof law, medicine,theology, technologicaland industrial

117

JOhNShOPKINS

schools;theFrench,English,German,andAmericanschoolandcollegesystemin theirmethodandidea;thedevelopmentandnatureof studentlife; history andtheoryof examinationsanddegreesandacadcmicfesti-valsandtraditions; specialmethodsandproblemsof pedagogicsat thepresenttime.

Theselecturesareespeciallydesignedto serve:Thosegraduatestudentsdesiringto becometeachersor professors:Studentsof history,and more particularlyof philosophicalandeduca-

tional opinionandmethodor thoseintending to pleador preach:Thoseintendingto teachphilosophy.

4. He will hold a weeklyconferenceduring a part of theyearat which others whose names are to be announcedlater willassist.

5. In connectionwith thework oftheabovecourses,rooms,aepa-ratus,andbooksareto be provided,andbibliographiesof aspecialand descriptive kind will be printed as guides to reading andreference.

HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY AND ETHICS.

PaorEssoaG. S. MoRals will give the following courses:

1. Lectureson theHistory of Philosophyin Greece.Twice weekly,first half-year.

TopicsinvolvedThe beginningsof science. Anticipations of the modcrn doctrine of

development. Establishmentof elementary conceptionsof physicalscience. First applicationof mathematicalconceptionsto thecompre-hensionof the universe. Beginningsof abstractspeculation. Firstsuccessfuldevelopmentof concreteor substantialidealism, includingscienceof method (logic), and philosophyof nature,man, the State,art, and education. Systemsof practical philosophy.

2. Ethics, or the Scienceof Man.Two lecturesweekly,first half-year.

A consideration of the foundations and content of ethical science,togetherwith an historicalsurvey.

TopicsinvolvedThe different forms of science. Relation of ethics to anthropology,

physiology,and psychology. The distinctionandtheconcreteunity ofbody, soul,and spirit. Ethics proper,thescienceof man as practicalintelligence. Man prefiguredin nature. Self-consciousness.Its rela-tion to animal instinct. Its realization in the mora.l organismsoffamily, State, and religion. Conscience. Will. The good of man:Happinessor pleasure? Character. The systemof virtuesandduties.The typesof ethicalopinion,asillustrated in theancientand modernhistory of philosophy.

3. ProfessorMorris will farther be prepared,accordimigas thedemandsor needsof stadeutsmayrequire,to lectureon thelessonsof Modern Philosophy, thephilosophyof theState(with specialreferenceto Aristotle, Hobbes, Hegel, and Spencer),or “ RealLogic “ (“ Metaphysics,”—with special reference to Aristotle,Leibnitz, and later GermanPhilosophers).

BooKs OF REFERENcE.

COURSEI :—i. Mullach, ]d’agneata PhilosephorsmmGraecorunm;—2. Bitter et Preller,Historia PhitosophiceGraece-Ronsanamexfoatiumlocis contexta;—3.Theworks of PlatoandAristotle;—4. E. Zeller, Geschiehtedec griechischenPhitosophie, (German and Englishtranslation) ;—5. Ueherweg,History ofPhilosophy, Vs.1;—6. Noack,Philosophie-geschicht-lichesLe ikoms;—7. Numerousmonographson specialtopics(to befound in the Libraryof theUniversityand in thePeabodyLibrary)

COURSE11:—i. I. II. Fiehte, Systensdes hik, 1 Band: Geichichiedec Ethik;—2. H.Sidgwick,nistoricalArticle on “Ethics,” EncyclopaediaBritannica,9thedition —3. Aris-totle, NicomacheanEthics;—4. Martensen, Christian Ethics;—5. Spinoza, Ethica;—6.BishopButler, Sermons;—7. Kant, Ethicat Works;—5. Ficlmte, lVorks;—9. Siegel,Philos-

ophie des Geistes;—lO.J.5. Mill, Uti!iteriamsissn;—ii.H. Spencer,Data of Ethics;—i2.H.Sidgwick,Aliethodt of Ethics;—13.F. H. Bradley, Ethicat Stmmmties;—14.T. H.Green,Pro-legomenatoEthics.

B. Course Required of all Matriculated Students.

This coursewill comprisefive hours per week throughout theyear,andincludesLogic, Ethics,and Psychology(henceknown astile L. E. P. Course). A special instructorwill be appointedtoassistunder Dr. Hall’s direction in this work, which will coiisist oflectures,recitations,themes,epitomes,etc. Thesesubjectswill betakenup in the following order.

1. Inductive and DeductiveLogic.Text-books: Fowler,with referencesto Jevons,Mill, Venn,Sigwart,and

Wundt.2. General Psychology.

Text-books: Sully’s Psychologyin selections,with referencesto Porter,iRyland, Carpenter.

3. Positive and Practical Ethics.This part of thecoursewill be taught in part by lecturesandwill com-

prisesuchtopicsassnentalandphysicalregimenand hygiene,methodsand generalendsof study, theeneedsandsanctionsof positivepersonalconvictionsand purposesin thee conductof the understandingandoflife, mental self-knowledgeas opposedto self-consciousness,and theutilization of individualexperiemicein self-educmttion,social ethics,needof religioussentimentsfor time maturity andsanityof conscience,etc.

Books of referemice: Manrice’s Social Morality, Grote’s Deatise on the Moral Ideals,Wistike’s Ilistomy of Christian Ethics, Wayland’s Moral Philosophy, Calderwood’sMoralSciesmee.

4. In additionto theaboverequiredcourses,aseriesof lectureswill be given by Dr. Hall, during the latter part of the yearintendedat onceto concludematriculate andintroduceadvancedstudy of philosophy.


Philosophy.

PROFESSORG. STANLEY hALL lectured twice a week throughthe secondhalf-yearon Psycho-physics.

The course was mainly devotedto the physiology of the senses,cerebro-spinallocalization and attention, as introductory to acourseon psychology,beginning with instinct,during thecomingyear. Demnonstrationwork was done and coursesof readingposted.

Six advancedstudentsengagedin specal investigationsin theroom setapartfor psycho-physicresearchandresultswereobtainedthat will be publishedlater.

Dr. Hall lectured twice a weekon psychologicalethics, mainlyhistorical, beginningwith ethiceel conceptiollsandtheoriesof theGreeksandcolleludingwith Kant,andconsiderableattention wasgiven to inductive methodsof studying ethicalproblems.

He also gave twelve lectures to the matriculate studentsonMental Hygiene.

PROFESSORG. S. Moaaisgaveduring the first half-year:1. A course of threelecturesweekly on theHistory of Philos-

ophy ill Germany,with specialreferenceto the movementfromKant to Hegel.

Thebeginningsandtheegeneralcharacterof thehistory of modernphilosophywerefirst briefly sketched;thedoctrinesof Descartes,Spinoza,andLeibnitzweredescribedin greaterdetail; andthen,after a summaryaccountof the philosophicalsituation in Ger-manyprior to Kant, the doctrinesof Kant wereanalyzed,withspecialreferenceto tIme unity of thee threeC’s-iticjsces, andto thecousprehensionof thee fundamentalproblemsof philosophy,as

118 [No. 31.

JUNE, 1884.1 UNIVERSITY CII?CULAPS.

anewpresentedby Kant, (1) in thelight of theresultsof ancientphilosophy,and (2) with referenceto the further treatmentoftheseproblems by the successorsof Kant. This coursewasdesignedfor advancedstudents.

2. A Seminarycourse,for themost advancedstudentsonly, wasconducted,thesubjectof studybeingSpinoza’sEthics. Theworkin this coursewasrestrictedespeciallyto thefirst, second,andfifthpartsof Spinoza’smasterpiece.

Theobjectof the study was to attain an exact knowledgeof thenatureof Spinoza’sfundamentalconceptionsaUd of his method,to estimatetheir valueandsignificancein thelight of thelargerhistoric resultsof philosophicinquiry, and,in somemeasure,toconsidertjieir relationto thefundamentalconceptionsof modernscience. In accordancewith theSeminarymethod,thedifferentmembersof theclassby turnstook theleadin theanalyticexpo-sition of thetext andcriticism of theargument.

3. An outline of thegeneralhistory of Philosophy,both ancientandmodern,wasgiven in a seriesof two lecturesweekly, through-out thefirst half-year.

This was intendedfor undergraduatesandothersdesiringto takeadvantageof suchacourse. Membersof theL. E. P. coursewererequiredto listento andbe examinedon twelvelecturesrelatingto modernphilosophers.

119

4. A courseof four public lectureson thePhilosophyof SocialRelations,wasalso given by ProfessorMorris.

MR. C. S. PEIRCE gave a course of lectures in MathematicalLogic, twice weekly through the year; acoursein PhilosophicalTerminology,weekly during the first half-year; anda courseinProbabilities,twice weekly duringthesecondhalf-year.

He alsoguideda companyof studentsin studying thepsychol-ogy of greatmen.

Mu. HARRIS gave an elementarycourse in Logic during thefirst half-yearand a coursein Practical Ethics during the secondhalf-year.

Two public lectures on the Religious Aspect of Philosophyweregiven by Dr. JosiahRoyce, of HarvardCollege.

A course of lectures upon educational topics was given onSaturdaymorningsto acompanyof abouteightygraduatestudentswho were preparingthemselvesfor thework of teachersin collegesand high schools. Lectures were given by PresidentOilman,ProfessorsGilderslceve,Remsen, Martin, ilall, Doctors Adamsand Wood, andMr. Peirce.

CONFERRING OF DEGREES.G”CY2~T8 5, 1884-

The Commencementexercisesof theJohnsHopkinsUniversitytook place on Thursday, June5, 1884. The ceremonieswereattendedby a large company,consistingof the trusteesand in-structorsof the University, andthe friendsof thegraduates.

An addressto the graduateswas made by PresidentGilman.In this he consideredthe attitude which the young inca shouldtakein respectto Education,Politics, andReligion.

ProfessorC. D. Morris, on behalf of the Board of CollegiateAdvisers,presentedthe candidatesfor thedegreeof BachelorofAuts, andthat degreewas conferredon thepersonsnamedin thefollowing list.

The candidatesfor the degreeof Doctor of Philosophywerepresentedby theheadsof the respectivedepartmentsof study onbehalfof theBoardof Uuiversity Studies,andthedegreewascon-ferred on thepersonsnamedin the following list.

After the close of the exercisesin I-Iopkins hall, therewas asocialassemblyof the graduatesand their friends in the newGymnasium.

Doctors of Philosophy.

HERBERT WILLIAM CONN, of Fitchburg, Massachusetts,A. B.,Boston University, 1881. His principal subjecthasbeenAnimalMorphology, the subsidiary,Animal Physiology and histology.his thesis on the “Life-History of ThalassemaMillita “ Wasreceivedoneof the Walkerprizesof the Boston Societyof Natu-ral History.

ELLERY WILLIAM DAVIS, of Oconomowoc,Wisconsin, S. B.,University of Wisconsin, I 879. His principal subject has beenMathematics,the subordinate,Physics. He submitteda thesisonthe “1~arametricRepresentationof Curves.”

DAVID TALBOTT DAY, of Baltimore, A. B., Johns HopkinsUniversity, 1881. His principal subjecthasbeenChemistry,the

subordinate, Physics. He submitteda thesis on the “Changeseffectedby Heatin theconstitutionof Ethylene.”

JOhN DEWEY, of Burlington, Vermont, A. B., University ofVermont, 1879. his principal study has been Philosophy, thesubsidiary, Political Science. He submitted a thesis on thePsychologyof Kant.

JAMES REYNOLDS DUGGAN, of Macon, Georgia, A. B., MercerUniversity, 1877, and M. D., JeffersonMedical College, 1879.His principal sul)ject has been Chemistry, the subordinate,Bi-ology. He submittedathesison “Fermentation.”

WILLIAM HENRY HOWELL, of Baltimore, A. B., Johns Hop-kins University, 1881. His principal subject has been AnimalPhysiology andHistology, thesubordinate,Chemistry. He sub-mitted athesisentitled “ Experimentsupon the Blood andLymphof therI~errapir1 andtheorigin oftheFibrin formedin Coagulation.

HANS CARL GUNTHER VON JAGEMANN, of Naumburg,Germany,a graduateof theNaumburgGymnasium. His principal subjecthasbeenthe RomanceLanguages,thesubordinate,English andGerman. He submittedathesis on the “Anglo-Norman VowelSystemin its relationsto theNormanwordsin English.”

EDWAnD HARRISONKEISER, of Allentown, Pa.,B. S., Swarth-more College, 1~SO. His principal study hasbeen Chemistry,the subordinate,Physics. Ihis thesis was on “The ExistenceofActive Oxygen.”

ARTHUR LALANNE KIMBALL, of Plainfield, N. J., A B., Prince-ton College, 1881. His principal subject has been Physics,thesubsidiary,Mathematics. lie submittedathesis on the “ Valueof the 13. A. Unit of Electrical Resistancein AbsoluteMeasure.”

HENRY LESLIE OsBoaN, of Madison, N. J., A. B., XVesleyanUnivem-sity, 1878. His principal subject has beenAnimal Mor-phology,thesubsidiary,Animal PhysiologyandHistology. Histhesison “The Gill in someforms of ProsobranchiateMollusca”has already been printed in the Studies froum the BiologicalLaboratory.

JOHNSHOPKINS UNIVERSITYcIROULAPS.

CHARLES ALBERT PERKINS, of Ware,Mass., A. B., WilliamsCollege, 1879. His principal subject has been Physics, thesubordinate,Chemistry. He submittedathesison the “Variationof the MagneticPermeabilityof Nickel at different temperatures”

ALBERT SHAW, of Grinnell, Iowa, A. B., Iowa College, 1879.His principal studyhas beeu History, thesubordinate,PoliticalScience. His thesis entitled “Etienne Cabetand the IcarianCommunity,” is to be publishedin book-form by G. P. Putnam’sSons,New York.

HENRY NEWLIN STOKES, of Moorestown,N. J., S. B., Haver-ford College,1878 His principal subjecthasbeenChemistry,thesubsidiary,Animal PhysiologyandHistology. His thesiswason“The natureof theSulphinide obtainedby oxidizing a-Naphtha-lene-sulphamide.

LEWIS WEBB WILHELM, of Baltimore, A. B., Johns hopkinsUniversity, 1880. His principal subject has been History, thesubordinate,Political Science. His thesis,entitled “ Sir GeorgeCalvert,Baronof Baltimore,” hasbeenreadbeforetheMarylandHistorical Society, andacceptedfor publication.

ARTHUR YAGER, of Georgetown,Ky., A. B., GeorgetownCoblege, 1879. His principal subject has been History, the sub-sidiary, Political Science. He submitteda thesison “ StateandLocal Taxationin Kentucky.”

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Bachelors of Arts.

ALBERT CLAYTON APPLEGARTH,of Baltimore, a formerstudentof the City College.

Principal Studies: Chemistryand History ;—German,Mathe-matics,and Political Economy.

CHARLES WALTER ARTZ, of Hagerstown,Maryland, who pur-suedhis preliminarystudiesunderMr. J. T. Carlile.

Principal Studies: Germauand Political Science;—Physics,history, French,andEnglish.

WALTER BLISS CANFIELD, of Baltimore, who pursuedprepara-tory studiesund .r Mr G. G. Carey.

Principal Studies: History andPolitical Economy,andLatin;—French, Greek, andChemistry.

GEORGE GIBSON CAREY, JR., of Baltimore, who pursuedhispreliminarystudieswith Mr. G. G. Carey.

Principal Studies: History andPolitical Economy,andLatin;—Physics, German,andFrench.

WILLIAM KENNEDY CROMWELL, of Baltimore County, wh~pursuedpreparatorystudieswith Mr. H. W. Luckett.

Principal Studies: History and Political Economy,and Ger-man ;—Chemistry,Latin, andFrench.

CHARLES WILLIAM IRAMMELSBERG CRUM, of Jefferson,Mary-land,a former studentof Franklin andMarshall College.

Principal Studies: MathematicsandPhysics;—English,French,and German.

HARRY FRIEDENWALD, of Baltimore, a former studentof theCity College.

Principal Studies: Biology and Chemistry;—French,Philoso-phy, andPhysics,with EnglishandHistory.

WILLIAM LINDSAY GLENN, of Baltimore, who pursuedhispreliminarystudies under.Mr.G. G. Carey.

Principal Studies: Latin and Greek;—French and Physics,with English, Ethics,andHistory.

JOHN HINKLEY, of Baltimore, who pursuedpreparatorystudieswith Mr. G. G. Carey.

Principal Studies: History andPolitical Economy,andLatin;—German,French, Chemistry,andPhysics.

CHARLES HOWARD HOWARD, of Baltimore, who pursuedhispreliminarystudieswith Mr. W. S. Marston.

Principal Studies: History andPolitical Science,andGreek;~Physics,Latin, and Logic, with English andEthics.

JoHN DEERING LORD, JR., of Baltimore, who pursuedpre-paratorystudieswith Mr. M. A. Ne~vell.

• Principal Studies: History andPolitical Economy,andLatin;—Physics, French,andGerman.

JERE WILLIAMS LORD, of Baltimore, who pursuedpreparatorystudiesunder Mr. M. A. Newell.

Principal Studies: Biology andChemistry;—Physics,English,and French, with Logic, Ethics,andPsychology.

WILLIAM PATRICK LYONS, of Baltimore, a former student ofLoyola College.

Principal Studies: Frenchand History ;—Latin, Philosophy,Physics,and German.

EDGAR GEORGE MILLER, JR., of Baltimore, who pursued hispreliminarystudies under Mr. L. V. Tuttle.

Principal Studies: History and Political Economy,and Ger-man;—.-Latin, Greek, Physics,andChemistry.

WILLIAM RIDGELY GRNDORFF, of Baltimore, a graduate oftheCity Collegein 1881.

Principal Studies: Chemistry and German;—French andPhysics,Logic andPsychology,English and History.

GEORGE DOBBIN PENNIMAN, of Howard County, a formerstudentof theCity College.

PrincipalStudies: History, Philosophy,andGerman;—Freneh,Latin, and Physics.

WILLIAM H. PERKINS, of Baltimore, who pursuedpreparatorystudieswith Mr. W. S. Marston.

Principil Studies: MathematicsandFrench;—Latin, German,andPhysics.

GEORGECLEMENT STOKES, Ja.,of Govanstown,Maryland, whopursued¶ispreliminarystudieswith Dr. J. C. M. Mdrillat.

Principal Studies: History andPolitical Science,andGerman;—Physicsand Latin, Logic, Ethics,and Psychology.

WILLIAM JONES THOMAS, of Baltimore, a former student ofRandolph Macon College.

Principal Studies: Mathematics and History ;—German,Latin, and Physics.

WILLIAM FERDINAND WALZ, of Baltimore, a graduateof theCity Collegein 1881.

Principal Studies: Greek andLatin;—Freuch,Chemistry,andHistory.

FREDERICK HENRY WILKENS, of Baltimore, who pursued hispreliminary studies under Mr. B. M. Lamb.

Principal Studies: Greek and Latin ;—German,English, andChemistry,with History and Ethics.

GEORGE WISHART EDMOND, of Portland, Maine, a formerstudentof Amherst College.*

CHARLES HOWARD SHINN, of San Francisco, California, aformer studentof theUniversity of California.*

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* On thesetwo gentlemen,who had pursued studieshere, the Board of CollegiateAdvisers recommendedthat the degreeshouldhe conferred extra erdinem, since theBoard Isad satisfactoryevidenceof their goodattainmentsin manybranchesof a liberaleducation.

120 [No. 31.

TheJohnsHopkins University Circalars are printed by Messrs.JOHN iJIURPHY ~ CO., 18~2 WestBaltimore Street,Balti-

more,from whomsingle copiesmaybe obtained. Theymayalso be procured,as 500)1 as published,from Messrs.CUSII[NGSc~ BAiLEY, No. ~62 WestBaltimore Street,Baltimore.