2)(57$�('8&$7,9$�$�75$9e6�'(�022&6$/*8126�(-(03/26

35(6(17$'2�325�0$5Ì$�'(�-(6Ó6�6É1&+(=�52'5Ì*8(=(0,/,$12�)5$1&,6&2�/($/�6255,(17(0$5Ì$�'(/�52&Ì2�(*5(0<�*$5&Ì$

/D�SDODEUD�0RRF�HV�HO�DFUyQLPR�HQ�LQJOpV�GH�0DVVLYH�2QOLQH�2SHQ�

&RXUVHV�y�

&XUVRV�2QOLQH�0DVLYRV�\�$ELHUWRV�

$�FRQWLQXDFLyQ�DOJXQRV�HMHPSORV�

!$

,QWURGXFFLyQ

'H�DFXHUGR�FRQ�5KHLQJROG���������ORV�FXUVRV�HQ�OtQHD�0DVLYRV�\�$ELHUWRV�FRQRFLGRV�FRPR�022&�\�HQ�FDVWHOODQR�&20$��VH�GLVWLQJXHQ�SRU�WHQHU�ODV�VLJXLHQWHV�FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV��&DVWDxR�\�&DEHUR��������VRQ�FXUVRV�TXH�VH�RIUHFHQ�HQ� OtQHD�PDVLYR�\�DELHUWR�FRQ�IHFKDV�GHWHUPLQDGDV�GH� LQLFLR�\� WpUPLQR��GHWHUPLQD� FULWHULRV� GH� HYDOXDFLyQ�� VRQ� GH� XVR� JUDWXLWR� HQ� LQWHUQHW� \� XWLOL]D� SODWDIRUPDV�HGXFDWLYDV�FRPR�0LUtDGD��HG;���&RXUVHUD��RSHQ�VWXG\��HQWUH�RWUDV�

(Q� HVWH� GRFXPHQWR�� VH� SUHVHQWD� OD� RIHUWD� HGXFDWLYD� GH� ORV� [022&�� HV� GHFLU�� VRQ� FXUVRV�XQLYHUVLWDULRV�TXH�VRQ�JHVWLRQDGRV�SRU�GRFHQWHV�GHO�QLYHO�VXSHULRU��(VWRV�SURJUDPDV�VH�EDVDQ�HQ�HO�LQWHUFDPELR�GH�LQIRUPDFLyQ�\�FRQWHQLGRV�VREUH�WHPiWLFDV�HVSHFtILFDV�GH�GLYHUVDV�GLVFLSOLQDV�DGHPiV�GH�SURPRYHU�OD�SDUWLFLSDFLyQ�GHO�DOXPQDGR�D�WUDYpV�GH�OD�LQWHUDFFLyQ�WHFQROyJLFD��

/D�PD\RUtD�GH�HVWRV�FXUVRV�RWRUJDQ�XQ�FHUWLILFDGR�R�FRQVWDQFLD�GH�SDUWLFLSDFLyQ�FRQ�YDORU�FXUULFXODU�H[SHGLGRV�SRU�XQLYHUVLGDGHV�UHFRQRFLGDV�PXQGLDOPHQWH�� OR�FXDO�GD�YDOLGH]�\� UHFRQRFLPLHQWR�HQ�HO�iPELWR�SURIHVLRQDO�\�ODERUDO��

&RPR�VH�PHQFLRQy�DO�SULQFLSLR��ORV�022&6�WLHQHQ�XQ�PRGHOR�GH�HYDOXDFLyQ�GH�FDUiFWHU�REOLJDWRULR�TXH� FRQVLVWH� HQ� OD� UHDOL]DFLyQ� GH� WDUHDV�� SUR\HFWRV�� HYLGHQFLDV� \� SUXHEDV�� 7DPELpQ� QRV� LQGLFDQ�FXDOHV� VRQ� ORV� UHTXLVLWRV�SDUD� LQJUHVDU�DO� FXUVR� \�DOJXQRV�RIUHFHQ� OD� FRQWLQXDFLyQ�GH�PiV�FXUVRV�DYDQ]DGRV��

&RQ�HVWH�WLSR�GH�HGXFDFLyQ�DELHUWD��VH�RIHUWDQ�SURJUDPDV�HGXFDWLYRV�DO�DOFDQFH�GH�ODV�SHUVRQDV�TXH�GHVHDQ�FRQRFHU��VDEHU�\�REWHQHU�XQ�GRFXPHQWR�TXH�DFUHGLWH�VXV�FRQRFLPLHQWRV�DGTXLULGRV�GXUDQWH�HO�FXUVR��FX\R�UHVXOWDGR�VHUtD�VXVWLWXLU�HO�DXOD�WUDGLFLRQDO�SRU�XQD�DXOD�YLUWXDO�FRQ�WRGR�H� LQVWLWXFLyQ�HGXFDWLYD�GLVSXHVWD�D�UHDOL]DU�XQ�UHFRQRFLPLHQWR�VREUH�OR�DSUHQGLGR��6LHQGR�ODV�022&V�XQD�RSFLyQ�HGXFDWLYD�PiV�TXH�VH�GLVWLQJXH�SRU�XWLOL]DU�UHFXUVRV�WHFQROyJLFRV�\�FRQWDU�FRQ�HO�DSR\R�\�UHVSDOGR�DFDGpPLFR�GH�ODV�XQLYHUVLGDGHV��

&RQFOXVLyQ

&RQ� ORV�022&6�VH�DEUH� OD�SRVLELOLGDG�GH� WHQHU�HGXFDFLyQ�HQ� OtQHD�SRU�SDUWH�GH�XQLYHUVLGDGHV�H�LQVWLWXFLRQHV�HGXFDWLYDV��S~EOLFDV�\�SULYDGDV�UHFRQRFLGDV�HQ�HO�PXQGR�GH�PDQHUD�JUDWXLWD�\�DELHUWD��6LQ� HPEDUJR� ORV� FULWHULRV� GH� HYDOXDFLyQ� DSOLFDGRV� HQ� ORV� FXUVRV� SDUD� REWHQHU� OD� FHUWLILFDFLyQ� GHO�PLVPR�UHTXLHUHQ�GH�PiV�HOHPHQWRV�TXH�RWRUJXHQ��VHJXULGDG��FRQILDQ]D�D�ORV�XVXDULRV�\�HQ�HVSHFLDO�D�ODV�FRPXQLGDGHV�DFDGpPLFDV��ODERUDOHV�\�FLHQWtILFDV��

)DOWD�PXFKR�SRU�KDFHU�D~Q�FRQ�UHODFLyQ�D� OD� UHJXODFLyQ�GH� ORV�022&V��SDUD� OOHJDU�D�DOFDQ]DU� ORV�HVWiQGDUHV� GH� FDOLGDG� FRQ� UHVSHFWR� D� XQD� HGXFDFLyQ� SUHVHQFLDO� \� HVFRODUL]DGD�� 6XSRQHPRV� TXH�WRGR�FRQVLVWLUi�HQ�HO�FXPSOLPLHQWR�GH�ODV�H[LJHQFLDV�TXH�SODQWHH�OD��HGXFDFLyQ�IRUPDO�H�LQVWLWXFLRQDO�

3RU�HO�PRPHQWR�� WRGRV�DTXHOORV�TXH� WHQJDQ�DFFHVR�D� LQWHUQHW� SRGUiQ� LQFRUSRUDUVH�D�HVWH� WLSR�GH�FXUVRV�FRQ�ORV�EHQHILFLRV�GH�XQ�UHFXUVR�HGXFDWLYR�DELHUWR��

5HIHUHQFLDV

&DVWDQѺR��&���&DEHUR��-����������(QVHQ̎DU�\�DSUHQGHU�HQ�HQWRUQRV�P�OHDUQLQJ��0DGULG��6ÕғQWHVLV���� � �

5KHLQJROG��+����������022&V��+\SH��DQG�WKH�3UHFDULRXV�6WDWH�RI�+LJKHU�(G��)XWXULVW�%U\DQ�$OH[DQGHU��'LVSRQLEOH�HQ��KWWS���GPOFHQWUDO�QHW�EORJ�KRZDUG�UKHLQJROG�PRRFV�K\SH�DQG�SUHFDULRXV�VWDWH��KLJKHU�HG�IXWXULVW�EU\DQ�DOH[DQGHU�

�.� ��/�+$.�/1��0�" �&"