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Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents Brian R. Dawson

Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

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Page 1: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents

Brian R. Dawson

Page 2: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

Corr r re rc ia l ( C f f - S i t e ) S o l v e n t F e c l a f i . a t i c r

k y : E r i s n F . r ,awson

c o l v e n t R r - s c u r c c E e c o v e r y , I n c .

( d i v j s i o n of Chemj.cal 1:aste V a n a g e n e n t , T n c . )

S o l v e n t s a r e a n i m p o r t a n t p a r t of ~ o s t i n d u s t r i a l

o p e r a t i o n s . P l n o s t a l l p l a n t s u s e s o l v e n t s , u s u a l l y f o r

c l e a n i n g , E e g r e a s i n g , p a i n t i n g , p a i n t s t r i p p i n g , o r e x t r a c t i o n

p u r p o s e s . T h e r e f o r e , t h e p rob lem of p r o p e r manaaen:ent o f s o l v e n t

w a s t e s is a w i d e s p r e a d c o n c e r n . T h e r e a r e s e v e r a l d i s p o s a l

r e t h o d c a v a i l a b l e t o s o l v e n t u s e r s , b u t i n ~ ~ o s t c a s e s t h e m o s t

e n v i r o n r z e n t a l l y sound and e c o r o r i c a l c h o i c e i s n o t t o d i s F o c e o f

t h e s o l v e n t a t a l l , b u t t o r e c y c l e i t .

Tf we b r i e f l y r ~ v i e w t h e g e n e r a l l y a c c e p t e d p r i o r i t y l i s t of

h a z a r d o u s w a s t e managem.ent, we s e e t h a t f i r s t , i t i s i n c u r b e n t

upon g e n e r a t o r s o f ~ 2 s t e t o i n s t i t u t e a prog'ram t o r e d u c e t h e

an.ount of w a s t e g e n e r a t e d . S e c o n d , a f t e r t h e a m o u n t o f w a s t e

g e n e r a t e d h a s b e e n n i i n i r , i z e d , r e c y c l i n g i s c o n s i d e r e d t h e n e x t

m o s t a p p r o p r i a t e a l t e r n a t i v e . T h i r d o n m o s t l i s t s i s

i n c i n e r a t i o n , anG f o u r t h is chenicz .1 o r b i o l o g i c a l t r e a t r r e n t t o

r e n d e r t h e w a c t e r o n - h a z a r d o u s . L a n d f i l l s , d e e p - w e l l i n j e c t i o n

Page 3: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

\ i

'.. '.

and n t h e r n e t h o e s f a l l f u r t P e r down t h e l i s t .

Es you c a n s e e , r e c y c l i n o is r a n k e d v e r y h i g h or! t h e

p r i c r i t y l i s t of a l t e r n a t i v e s f o r h a z a r d o u s w a s t e r ! a n a g e m e n t .

T h i s i s b e c a u s e i t a c c o m p l i s h e s t w o v e r y i m p o r t a n t

o b j e c t i v e s ... o n e , i t f u r t h e r r i n i m i z e s t h e a u a n t i t y o f w a s t e t o

be h a n d l e d , a n d t k c , i t c o n s e r v e s p r e c i o u s n a t u r a l r e s o u r c e s .

t ; a s t e m i n i ~ ~ i z a t i o n i s a c c o m p l i s h e d b e c a u s e t h e r e c l a i m e d s o l v e n t

b e c o r i e s a u s a k ' l e p r o d u c t , no l o n g e r a w a s t e . N s t u r a l r e s o u r c e

c o n s e r v a t i o n i s a c c o r p l i s h e d b e c a u s e t h e p e t r o c h e m i c a l b u i l d i n g

blocks n e c e s s a r y f c r v i r q i n n , a n u f a c t u r f a r e n o t r e q u i r e d , and t h e

u t i l i t y r e q u i r e r e n t s ( s u c h a s e l e c t r i c i t y an6 s t e a r c ) t o r e c l a i r :

a r e i, f r a c t i o n o f t h e r e q u i r e n e n t f o r v i r g i n m a n u f a c t u r e .

T h e r e a r e many t y p e s o f s o l v e n t s t h a t a r e commonly r e c y c l e d .

l ios t p r e v a l e n t a r p c a i n t s o l v e n t s . h l m o s t any i n d u s t r i a l p r o c e s s

i n v o l v e s p a i n t i n g , and r e q u i r e s s o l v e n t f o r a p p l i c a t i o n , c l e a n i n q

of p a i n t r,asks, s p r a y e q u i p m e n t , a n d l i n e f l u s h i n g . E v e n t h e

m a n u f a c t u r e o f p a i n t r e q u i r e s s o l v e n t s f o r c l e a n i n g of m i x i n g

e q u i p m e n t , and t r a n s f e r . l i n e s . T h e s o l v e n t s g e n e r a l l y used f o r

t h e s e p u r p o s e s a r e v a r i o u s n i x t u r e s o f k e t o n e s ( s u c h a s a c e t o n e ,

r r e t b y 1 e t h y l k e t o n e , and n e t h y l i s o b u t y l k e t o n e ) , e s t e r s ( s u c h a s

e t h y l a c e t a t e , n - h u t y l . e c e t a t e , and i s o p r o p y l a c e t a t e ) , a l c o h o l s

( s u c h a s e t h a n o l , i s o p r o p a n o l , a ~ d n - b u t a n o l ) , a n d a r o r , a t i c

h y d r o c a r b o n s ( s u c h a s t o l u e n e and x y l e n e ) .

Page 4: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

T n t h e n e t a l w o r k i n g i n d u s t r y , l u b r i c a t i n g o i l s , c u t t i n g

n i l s , s n d areaces a r e c s e d i n t b e p r o c e s ~ e s , and n u s t he rerr,oved

p r i r : r t o f u r t h e r w o r k , s u c h a s p l a t i n g c r p a i n t i n g . The s o l v e n t s

u$,ed f o r tb i s t y p e o f c l e a n i n g i r i c l u d e c h l o r i n a t e d h y d r o c a r b o n s

a n d ~ e t r o l e u n ~ d i s t i l l a t e s s u c h as v a r i o u s m i n e r a l s p i r i t s ,

t o l u e n e , and x y l e n e .

I n t b e ~ t i n t i n a i n d u s t r y , s o l v e n t s a r e u s e d a s i n k

a d d i t i v e s , a n d a l s o f o r c l e a n i n g of r o l l e r s a n d ~ r e s s e s .

Commonly u s e d a r e a l c o h o l s , e s t e r s , and a r o m a t i c h y d r o c a r b o n s , a s

w e l l a s v a r i o u s r . i x t u r e s t h e r e o f .

T h e e l e c t r o n i c s i n d u s t r y u s e s n ,any s o l v e n t s f o r c l e a n i n g ,

s t r i p r - i n q , d e f l u x i n y , a n d ev6-n a s a p h o t o - r e s i s t d e v e l o p e r f o r

p r i n t e d c i r c u i t b o a r d s . C e n e r . a l l y u s e d a r e c h l o r i n a t e d a n d

f l u o r i n a t e d h y d r o c a r b o n s .

. .

T h e r e a r e a l s o t h o u s a n d s c f s n a l l c c m n ' e r c i a l e s t a h l i s h r v e n t s ,

s u c h a s a u t o r e p a i r g a r a g e s , a u t o body shops , and d r y c l e a n e r s

u s i n g s o l v e n t s s u c h a s p e t r o l e u n h y d r o c a r b o n s , p a i n t t h i n n e r s ,

and p e r c h l o roe t h y 1 ene .

V i r t u a l l y . a . l 1 s o l v e n t use a p p l i c a t i o n s a r e p h y s i c a l i n

n a t u r e - n o t c h e m i c a l . I n o t h e r w o r d s , t h e cberrical s t r u c t u r e of

t h e s o l v e n t is n o t a l t e r e d . I t is n : e r e l y c o n t a m i n a t e d , s o t h e

p u r p o s e cf s o l v e n t r e c l a v a t i o n j ? t o r e r o v e t h e i m p u r i t i e s ,

Page 5: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

n.ak ina t h e s o l v e n t a v a i l a b l e f o r r e u s e . T h e r e c l a r r a t i o n F r o c e s s

also d o e s n o t c h e m i c a l l y a l t e r t h e s o l v e n t s , t h e r e f o r e , t h e r e i s

no l i r r i t t o t h e number o f t i n e s a s o l v e n t n,ay b e r e c y c l e d o r

r e u s e d .

C n - s i t e r e c l a n , a t i o n , where ~ . . r a c t i c a l , is g e n e r a l l y p r e f e r r e d

t o o f f - s i t e r e c l a m a t i o n , i n o r 2 e r t o a v o i d t h e r i s k and l i a b i l i t y

of t r a n s p o r t a t i o n . 'If n o t p r a c t i c a l , t h o u g h , due t o e c o n o m i c oc

c u a l i t y l i r r i t a t i o n s , o f f - s i t e r e c l a n a t i o c s h o u l d be c o n s i d e r e d a s

Y O U K r ex t a l t e r n a t i v e .

T h e r e a r e two b a s i c t y p e s o f o f f - s i t e o r c o m n e r c i a l s o l v e n t

r e c y c l i n g a v a i l a b l e . C n e i s c u s t o l ~ ~ t o l l r e c y c l i n g , w h e r e t h e

q e n e r a t o r ' s s F e n t s o l v e n t s a r e k e p t s e g r e g a t e d , a n d b a t c h

p r o c e s s e d s e p a r a t e l y t o t h e q e n e r a t o r ' s s p e c i f i c a t i o n , t h e n

r e t u r n e d f o r r c u s ~ . . K h i l e t h e r c q u i r e m e n t . s v a r y anong d i f f e r e n t

~ r o c f ~ ~ o r s , t h e n i n i r r u m b a t c h s i z e is g e n e r a l l y l , O C O - 2 , 0 C C

g a l l o n s , s o t h i s o p t i o n is u s u a l l y l i c i t e d t o l a r g e r g e n e r a t o r s

of w a s t e .

T h e L a t c h s i z e l i m i t a t i o n s a r e c a u s e d b y p r o c e s s i n ?

e q u i p r e n t s i z e , e c o n o r r i e s o f s c a l e , and s o m e t i r e s t r a n s p o r t a t i o n

ccs t s .

T h e p r o c e s s i n ? e q u i p r . e n t is e n a i n e e r e d t o h a n d l e l a r g e

vo lumes of w a s t e , and s r r , a l l b a t c h e s w i l l n o t "wet ." t h e s y s t e m ,

Page 6: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

cau .c inq a v e r y low p e r c e n t a g e o f r t c c v e r y . I f t h e d i s t i l l a t i o n

s y s t e r i s d c s i o n e d t o c i r c u l ~ t e 5 C C g a l l o n s t h r o u g h t h e h e a t

e x c h a n g e r , a 1 , 0 0 0 q a l l o n b a t c h of w a s t e p rocessed c a n y i e l d a

r a x i r u r : , of 50% r e c c v e r y . However , a 2,OOC g a l l o n b a t c h c a n y i e l d

7 5 % r e c o v e r y , a 3 , 0 0 0 g a l l o n b a t c h c a n y i e l d 8 3 % r e c o v e r y , a

4,OCO q a l l o n b a t c h can y i e l d 8 0 % , anc! s o c n .

€ . c o n o r ? i e s o f s c a 1 . e r e a l i z e d f r o m l a r g e r h a t c h s i z e s come

f r o r t . h e c h a r g e o r f i l l t ime, h e a t u~ t i r e , s t i l l b o t t o p s pumping

t i n e , and c l e a n o u t t i r e . Each of t h e s e s t e p s a r e n e c e s s a r y f o r

a l l b a t c h e s , a n d r e q u i r e a p p r o x i r r a t e l y t h e s a w amount o f t i n l e

w h e t h e r p r o c e s s i n g 1 , 0 0 0 g a l l o n s , o r 4 , 0 0 0 g a l l o n s .

T r a n s p o r t a t i o n cos ts a r e o f t e n c o m p a r a b l e , w h e t b e r s b i p p i n q

f u l l t r u c k l o a d s o r p a r t i a l t r u c k l o a d s , so t h e l a r g e r t b e q u a n t i t y

s h i p p e d t r a n s l a t e s t o a lower c o s t p e r g a l l o n .

T f t h e a b o v ? l i m i t a t i o n s c a n b e overcome, s i g n i f i c a n t

h e n e f i t s c a n be r e a l i z e d . The g e n e r a t o r c a n h e a s s u r e d t h a t t h e

r e c l a i m e d s o l v e n t r e t u r n e d i s not c o n t a m i n a t e d w i t h a n y s o l v e n t

f o r e i q n t o h i s s y s t e n i , s i n c e t h e w a s t e i s k e p t s e g r e g a t e d t h r o u g h

a l l p r o c e s s i n g s t e p s , t h e r e b y s i m ~ l i f y i n g q u a l i t y a s s u r a n c e a n d

q u a l i t y c o n t r o l . T h e g e n e r a t o r i s a l s o d e a l i n g w i t h a " k n o w n "

e n t i t y , i . e . t h e s o l v e n t r e t u r n e d i s c o m i n g f r o m s o l v e n t w a s t e

a l r e a d y u s e d i n h j s o p e r a t i o n s . T h i s c a n s i I r F l i f y SAPA T i t l e I11

a n d r ; c r k e r F igh t - to -Know c o n c e r n s .

Page 7: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

r c o n o m i c s , o f custon t o l l r e c y c l i n g a r e g o v e r n e d by f o u r key

f a c t o r s . The f i r s t i s p r o c e s s i n g c o s t . P r o c e s s i n ? c o s t s n o t

o n l y e n t a i l t h e u s u a l i t e m s s u c h a s l a b o r , u t i l i t i e s , a n d

e q u i r ' r e n t i n v e s t n e n t , b u t a l s o t h e a d r r i n i s t r a t i v e c o s t s

a s s o c i a t e d w i t h r : a i n t a i n i n g e n v i r o n m e n t a l c o m p l i a n c e . F r o c e s s i n g r

c o s t s a r e a l s o a f f e c t e d hy s p e c i f i c a t i o n s r e q u i r e d . T h e n a r r o w e r

o r t i q h t e r t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o n f o r t h e r e c l a i m e d s o l v e n t , t h e

h i g h r r t h e c o s t , e s p e c i a l l y i f d r y i n g is r e q u i r e d . S e c o n d i s t h e

d i s p o s a l c o s t o f t h e s t i l l b o t t o m r e s i d u e s , o r o t h e r w i s e

u n r e c o v e r e d c o r t i o n s o f t h e w a s t e s t r e a m . T h i r d i s

t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c o s t . L , a s t , t h o u g h p r o b a b l y r : O s t i m p o r t a n t , i s

t h e F e r c e n t r e c o v e r y , o r y i e l d . The h i g h e r t h e y i e l d , t h e l o w e r

t h e u n i t F r o c e s s i n g c o s t , t h e lower t h e d i s p o s a l c o s t , a n d t h e

l ower t h e u n i t t r a n s r o t t a t i o n c o s t .

C e n e r a l l y , a f t e r a l l c o s t s a r e c o n s i d e r e d , t h e r e c l a i r c e d

s o l v e n t i?. r e t u r n e d t o t h e g e n e r a t o r a t a p r i c e s i r r i l a r t o o r

s l i g h t l y l o w e r t h a n v i r g i n s o l v e n t p u r c h a s e . K h i l e t h i s may n o t

seem t o b e v e r y r r o t i v a t i n g , we m u s t n o t f o r g e t t o c o n s i d e r t h e

a l t e r n a t i v e - i f t h e s p e n t s o l v e n t is n o t r e c y c l e d , i t m u s t be

d j s p o s e d , a n d d i s p o s a l c o s t s a r e v e r y h i g h t h e s e d a y s .

T h e r e f o r e , r e c y c l i n g a v o i d s t h e d i s p o s a l a l t e r n a t i v e , and makes

t h e n a t u r a l r e s o u r c e a v a i l a b l e ~ O K r e u s e .

T h e second Forrr of c o r m e r c i a l r e c l a r r a t i o n is known a s " o p e n

Page 8: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

m a r k e t " r e c y c l i n g , & h e r e t h e s p e n t s o l v e n t s a r e c o - n , i n g l e d w i t h

l i k e o r s i n ~ i l a r w a s t r s f r o m n a n y g e n e r a t o r s , and p r o c e s s e d t o

s p e c i f i c a t i o n f o r r e s a l e and r e u s e i n t h e m a r k e t p l a c e a s r e f i n e d

s o l v e n t . T h i s o p t i o n i s a v a i l a b l e t o v i r t u a l l y a l l g e n e r a t o r s o f

s p e n t s o l v e n t s , a s l o n g a s t h e r e c y c l i n g f a c i l i t y o f f e r s t h e

s e r v i c e ( s o m e c o ~ ~ p a n i e s s p e c i a l i z e i n o n l y C U S ~ O N , t o l l

r e c y c l i n g ) , and t h e r e i s a r e s a l e r r a r k e t f o r t h e r e f i n e d p r o d u c t .

Cne o t h e r p o t e n t i a l l i m i t a t i o n i n v o l v e s w a s t e s e g r e g a t i o n - i f a

y e n e r s t o r is u s i n ? s e v e r a l d i f f e r e n t s o l v e n t s i n d i f f e r e n t p a r t s

of h i s o p e r a t i o n , and c o - m i n g l e s t h e w a s t e , t h e r e i s a s t r o n g

l i k e l i h o o d t h a t t h e r e f i n e d s o l v e n t f rom t h a t w a s t e r a y n o t be

s u i t a b l e f o r r e s a l e , l e a v i n g d i s p o s a l a s t h e o n l y a l t e r n a t i v e .

Though t h e r e a r e e x c e p t i o n s , most s o l v e n t waste s t r eams a r e

s u i t a b l e f o r r e c o v e r y . S i n c e t h e r e c y c l e r w i l l be d e r i v i n g

r e v e n u e f r o m t h e r e s a l e o f t h e p r o d u c t , t h e b e n e f i t t o t h e

g e n e r a t o r c a n k,e a l ower d i s p o s a l c o s t . A l s o , t h e g e n e r a t o r can

b e a c s u r e d t h a t h i s w a s t e i s b e i n g rranaged i n an e n v i r o n m e n t a l l y

a c c e p t a b l e n a n n e r , w i t h t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g b e n e f i t of n a t u r a l

r e s o u r c e c o n s e r v a t i o n .

T h e c h a r g e s a s s e s s e d f o r t b e n a n a g e m e n t o f s p e n t s o l v e n t s

t h r o u g h " o p e n n : a r k e t " r e c y c l i n g v a r y w i t h t h e r e l a t i v e r e s a l e

v a l i i e cf t h e r e f i n e d s o l v e n t . T h e g e n e r a l " r u l e of t h u m b " i n t h e

i n d u s t r y is t h a t r e f i n e d s o l v e n t s s e l l i n g f o r 1.ess t h a n $ 0 . 2 0 p e r

pound a r e n a r k e t e d a t e @ % of v i r g i n p r i c e , and t h o s e s e l l i n g f a r

Page 9: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

i l o r e t h a n s C . 2 0 g e r y o u n d a r e r m r k e t e d a t 3 C 6 o f v i r g i n p r i c e .

S i n c e t h e c o s t s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h r e c y c l i n g have no r e l a t i o n s h i p t o

~ a r k e t p r i c e , i n o r d e r f o r a r e c y c l e r t o R a k e a p r o f i t o n l o w

p r i c e d ~ e c l a i n ~ e d s o l v e n t , d i s p o s a l c h a r g e s n u s t b e a s s e s s e d .

{ c h i l e t h e c h a r a e s w i l l v a r y d e p e n d i n g o n q u a n t i t y a n d

t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , f o r n o c t n o n - c h l o r i n a t e d s o l v e n t s t h e d i s p o s a l

c r i c e i s i n t h e r a n g e of $ 5 0 - $ 1 @ 0 p e r drurr!.

Vost c h l o r i n s t e d s o l v e n t s h a v e a h i g h e r r e s a l e v a l u e , a n d

u n d e r c e r t a i r : c i c c u r s t a v c e a , sor4e g e n e r a t o r s a r e e v e n p a i s f o r

t h e i r c h l o r i n a t e d h a s t e . P o r e f r e q u e n t l y , t h o u g h , t h e c h a r g e s

a r e in t b e r a n g e of f r e e C i s p o s a l t o $50 F e r d r u m .

T h e t h r e e key f a c t o r s a f f e c t i n g t h e d i s p o s a l c o s t ( o t h e r

t h a n c h l o r i n a t e d v s . r o n - c h l o r i n a t e d ) a r e q u a n t i t y ,

t r a n s p o r t ~ t i o n , a n 6 c h a r a c t e r o f t h e i m p u r i t i e s . I t t a k e s

e x a c t l y t h e same anour3 t o f t i n . e t o p r o c e s s t h e p a p e r w o r k a n d

p e r f o r r t h e a n a l y s e s f o r o n e d run a s f o r f o r t y d r u m s , s o t h e x o r e

d r u n , s s h i p p e d / r e c e i v e d h a v e a l o w e r u n i t p r o c e s s i n g c o s t .

T r a n s p o r t a t i o n c o s t s a r e a f f e c t e d i n a s i r r i l a r F a n n e r . F e r h a G s

t h e s i n g l e rcost k e y f a c t o r , t h o u g h , i s t b e c h a r a c t e r o f t h e

i n F u r i t i e s . I f w a t e r i s p r e s e n t i n t h e wast.e, i t t o o t h e n

h e c o 8 i . e ' ~ a w a s t e t h a t n u s t Le r . r o p e r l y m a n a g e d , a t h i g h c o s t .

Sol ii!, o r "non-pumpat - le" j r p u r i t i e s a c e n o t r e c o v e r a b l e , and m u s t

be y r o p e r l y d i s p o s e d a t h i g h c o s t . L ,as t , f o r e i g n o b j e c t s , s u c h

a s r a g s , g l o v e s , n u t s , b o l t s , f i l t e r c a r t r i d g e s , pop c a n s , p a p e r

Page 10: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

c u p s , e t c . & r e s e n t i n t h e w a s t e n u s t h e s e p a r a t e d a n d p r o p e r l y

c 1 i s : ~ o s e d a s w a s t e , u s u a l l y by i n c i n e r a t i o n . V h e n w a s t e

m i n i m i z a t i o n t e c t : n i c u e s a r e b e i n ? c o n s i d e r e d , c a r e s h o u l d h e

t a k e n t o a v o i d S O I P ~ of t h e r e i r p u r i t i e : , a s t . h e y add s i q n i f i c a n t

c o s t t o t h e F ' rocess ing ! of s o l v e n t w a s t e .

T e c h n o l o g i e s e x i s t t o d a y t o a s s u r e h i g h q u a l i t y r e u s a b l e

s o l v e n t . T h e p r e v a i l i n g m e t h o d of p r o c e s s i n g i s d i s t i l l a t i o n or

v a ~ o r i z a t i o n . P 1 1 r e c y c l e r s use t h e salce b a s i c s y s t e m s a n d

t e c h n o l o o y , b u t t h e y a p p l y t h o s e s y s t e m s i n a h i g h l y

i n d i v i d u a l i z e d manner .

? !any s o l v e n t s c a n h e p r o c e s s e d i n t o a r e u s a b l e s t a t e b y

s i m p l e v a p o r i z a t i o n . T h i s is u s u a l l y d o n e i n a p o t s t i l l o r

t h i n - f i l i r e v a p o r a t o r .

I n t h e p o t s , t i l l , t h e s p e n t s o l v e n t i s c h a r g e d t o t h e

s y s t e n . , t h e r ? P t e a t e d t o t , o i l i r l c : b y s t e m o r h o t o i l h e a t

e x c h a n g e r s . T h e h e a t e x c h a n o e r s c a n b e e i t h e r i n t e r n a l o r

e x t e r n a l . C n c e b o i l i n g , t h * ? o l v e n t v a F o r s e x i t t h e s y s t e m t o a

w a t ~ r cooled h e a t e x c h a n g e r , t h e n c o o l e d t o a c l e a n s o l v e n t

l i q u i d . T h e non-v r : : l ; i t iZc~ r e s i d u c . s , o r s t i l l b o t t o r r s , a r e t h e n

r ;ur :ped to s t o r z 9 e a w a i t i n g f i n a l Z i s p o s a l . C : i t h s t r i c t l a n d

d i s p o s a l r e g u l a t i o c s i n e f f e c t , t h e u s u ; . l , most c o s t - e f f i c i e n t

r?!is;Fosal. ~ r t h o d i s t h r c ~ g b a w a s t e d e r i v e d f u e l F:roqran. T h i s is

a c c o r , . p l i s h e d I;y t l e n d i n o t h e s t i l l h o t t o m s t o a p r e a r r a n e e d

Page 11: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

s : ~ c i f i c : a t i o n f o r c c . n s u m p t i o r ! a s a f u e l i n a c e n e n t o r

l i g t t v e i q h t a a c r e o a t e k i l n . T h i s d i s p o s a l ~ e t h o d h a s t h e

a 6 v ? n t a a e o f a s s c r i n r , . c c r ; : acab le d e s t r c c t i o r r a t i o e f f i c i e p c i e c

;Q i ' r i n c i n e r ? t c r , k ut. + t s i q r ' i f i c i . r , i : l y loirer c o s t . / ? l s o , t h e r e

is r v f f i c i e n t c a r . a c i t y a v a i l a b l e i.r! t b e n . a r k e t f o r t h i c E i s p c s z l ,

xkile c o c r ' e r c i a l I n c i n e r a t i o n ca6 :ac i ty i s I i r r i t e ? .

r i r i l s r t o r o t s t . i l 1 s i n r e c l a m a t i o n t e c h n o l o q y a r e t h i n -

, f i l r . o r w i L e - f i l r r e v a p o r a t o r s . Tt,e d i f f e r e n c e is t h a t w h i l e i n a

p o t s t i l l , t h e s p e n t s o l v e n t s a r e " c o o k e d " , t h e t h i n - f i l f r

e v s r o r a t o r f u n c t i o n s by p u r , ~ i n q t h e w a s t e i n t o t h e t o F of t h e

u n i t , wbere i t i s t h e n s p r e a d i n a t h i n l a y e r o n t h e i n t e r n a l

s u r f a c e by r o t a t i n g w i p e r b l a d e s . T h e i n t e r n a l s u r f a c e i s h e a t e d

by s s t e a r r o r bot o i l j a c k e t . E y e x p o s i n ? t h e s o l v e n t w a s t e t o

t h i s h e a t i n a t h i r ! l z y e r , t h e o r q a n i c s o l v e n t s a r e f l a s h

e v a ~ c r a t e d , o n c e e g a i n t o a h e a t e r c h a n q e r , t o be c c n d e n s e d a s

c l e 2 r ! s o l v e n t l i o u i r ! . In t h e s e s y s t e a i s , t h e n o n - v o l a t i l e

r e s i d u e s c o n t i n u o u s l y e x i t t h e hott .on: of t h e e v a p o r a t o r , t o h e

h s n o ' l e d i n t h e sarre f r i l n r ~ ~ r a s p o t s t i l . l b o t t o r s s . T h e a d v a n t a g e

o f t h e t h i . n - f i l n e v a p o r a t o r o v e r tb .c p o t s t i l l is t h a t t h e b a t c b

. s i z e is n o t l i r r j t e d by t h e s i z e of t h e p o t , s i n c e t h e s y s t e r , i s

fec ' from: a n e x t e r n a l s t o r a g e t a n k , a n ? o ~ : e r a t e d c o n t i n u o u s l y .

f l : , o , s.or;e n c n - v o l a t i l e r e s i i u e s a t e s u b j e c t t o c h e r r i c a l

bcealtfowr! when " c c ~ l ~ e C : " , whick c a n c a u s e o d o t O K c o l o r p rob le r ; . ? .

i n t h e r e c l a i r e d s o l v e n t . If t h e r n , a l breakdown is n o t a c o n c e r n ,

t h e r o t s t i l l h a s t h e a e v a n t a q e o f ? i v i n q h i g h e r r e c o v e r y y i e l d s .

Page 12: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

'.

T?!? ?isar?vaiiri3cjc c f k t h t h e $ ( ! r ) - ? t c i i : s i s t . ba t t h e y h a v e nc,

s e p a r a t i o n c a p a b i l i t y , o t h e r t h a n v o l a t i l e o r q a r i . i c c f r o r ; n o n -

v o l c ~ t i l e o r g a n i c . : . T n o t h e r k c t d s , a l l t h e v o l a t i l e o r g a n i c

s o l v ~ ~ t s e n t c r j n g t h e s y s t e i r s w i l l e x i t a s p r o d u c t . P.s l o n g a s

t h e c o l v e ~ t w a s t e h a c k e e n k e p t p r o p e r l y s e g r e o a t e d , and t h e

r e c c v e r a b l e s o l v e n t [ . < ? r t i o n i s p u r e , t b i s is a l r i g h t . F u t i f

volatile o r q a n i c i c : > u r i t i e s a r e p r e s e n t i n tk:e w a s t e , t h e y w i l l

he r ; r e s e n t i n t h e r e c l a i r e d ~ o l v e n t . T h i s n a y c a u s e q u a l i t y

p r o h l c n s , s o t o a 6 6 r e s s t h e s i t u a t i o n , son,e r e c y c l e r s h a v e

i n s t a l I erl F r a c t i o n a t i n g c o l u m n s .

F r a c t i o n a l d i s t i l l ~ a t i o n i s i ~ n e x t r e r e l y cor5plex t e c h n o l o g y ,

w i t h s e v e r s 1 d i f f e r e n t t y p e s of columns, and a v a s t v a r i e t y o f

s i z e s and c o n f i y u r a t 1 , o n s . %Pe n o s t c o ~ n - o n t y p e s of c o l u m n s a r e

p a c k c d colucns ( u s u a l l y ~ i t i - ~ o t c e l a i n s a d d l . e s ) , b u b b l e caF

colui inC. , s i e v e [ : l a t e c c l u n n s , ani: v a l v e t r a y c o l u m n s . T h e t a l l e r

the co1un:n r ; e s i g n , t h e racr? t r a y s , e r i a b l i n r , rrore s e F a r a t i o n o r

' 2 l a r i f i c a t i . o n ca j : a I - j l i t y . P.s t h e d i a r e t e r o f t h e c o l u K , n s

i n c r e a s e , n ' o re ttiroi.!gh!:L$t c a p a c i t y is o b t a i n n d .

Page 13: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

"br. i vn r i c~ r ly ing K r i n c i I . l e c , f o p e r a t i o n o

c o l u r n s i s t h e sa r re . T h e v o l a t i l e o r g a n i c s

a 1

a r e

o r h v t o i l by mear'c of i n t e r n a l o r e x t e r n a l t7eat

f r a c t i o n a t i n g

h e a t e d by s. tea!r

e x c h a n y e r s . P ?

t h y ? o l v e n t was te5 r e s c h t h e k o i l i n q p o i n t , t h e v a p o r s e n t e r ti-?

c o l u r n . T t e l o h e r t . o i l i n q c o r p o n r n t c r r j a r a t e t o t h e to? cf t h ?

c o l u ? , : ~ , w i t h t h e c o l u n n d e s i @ n p r c m t i n y i n t e r n a l c o n d e n c a t i c n O F

h i q b e r b o i l i n y c o r r ~ p o n ~ n t s , w i t h s u b s e q u e n t n ; i g r a t i o n t o t h e lower

p a r t o f t b e colurrc. T!s t h e l 0 k . 0 ~ b o i l i n ? v a p o r s e x i t t h e t o F o f

t h e coI,l?a:n, t h e y are' c o n d e n s e d t o a l i q u i d . Pu r inc ; t h e i n i t i a l

s t a r t 11K. o p e c a t i o r s of a b a t c h r u n , a l l t h e c o n d e n s e d l i q u i d

( c l e a n s o l v e n t ) i s p u r r r e d b a c k i n t o t h e t o p o f t h e c o l u r r n a s

r e f l u x , f u c t h e r p r o ~ ~ o t i n g i n t e r n a l c o n d e n s a t i o n a n d r r , i g r a t i o n .

Khen e q u i l i b r i u r , is r e a c h e d i n t h e s y s t e m , p a r t o f t h e r e f l u x

c o n d e n s a t e i s p u p p e d t o p r o d u c t s t o r a g e , w i t h t h e r e m a i n d e r

c o n t i n u i n g b a c k t o t h e colurrn. T h e amount r e t u r n e d t o t h e c o l u m

c o n c a r e d t o t h e ar;.ount purcped a s F r o d u c t i s known a s t h e r e f l u x

r a t i o .

[:hen s e p a r a t i n a s o l v e n t s w i t h a n a r r o w s p r e a d b e t w e e n t h e i r

b o i l i n ? ~ o i n t s , t h e r e f l u x r a t i o niay hc: v e r y b i a h - a s much a s

5:l. T h i s p e a n s t . h a t f o r e v e r y s i x g a l l o n s b o i l e d o u t of t h e

s y s t e r , f i v e q a l l o n s g o k a c k , w i t h o n e q a l . l o n o f p r o s u c t

p r o d u c e d .

T h e r e f l u x s y s t . e r r e n a b l e s a h i g h p u r i t y c u t of t h e lower

k : o i l i n q s o l v e ~ t t o be r e c l a i n e r i . A s t h e lowest b o i l i n g c o r p o n c - n t

Page 14: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

i s rerr.ovpc? t o c l e a r ' ! : r e d u c t s t o r a q e , t h e n e x t h i g h e s t b o i l i n g

c o n ~ o r . ~ - n t v i i l l m i q r e t e tc t h e tor: of ti-e c o l u n n . K O f r a c t i o n a l

Z i s t i l l ? t i o n i s l T r 2 e f f i c i e n t , s o t h e r e w i l l t.e a s r r a l l

i n t c r s e s i a t e c c t o f tbe r r i x t u r r of t b P two c o n , p o n e n t s , t a k e n t o

. c e y a r a t e c t o r a p t . his r a y t-.e fed hack t o s u b s e q u e n t b a t c h e s .

C f t i . r t h e i n t - e r n p d i a t e c u t , t . h e n e x t cor rponent is removed i n

t h e s a n e r,.anner as, t h e f i r s t c u t , n z i n t s i n i n q a d e q u a t e r e f l u x t o

a s s l i r e s e p a r a t i o n f r o r e v e n hiqber t o i l i n g s o l v e n t s . T h e b a t c h

i s t h u s c o n t i n u e d u n t i l a l l s c u q h t a f t e r s o l v e n t corrponents a r e

r e c l a i r e d . Tbe u n r e c o v e r e d r e s i d u e s a r e t h e n h a n d l e d i n t . h e s a r : e

manner a s t h o s e f r o n p o t s t i l l s o r t p i n - f i l r e v a p o r a t o r s .

T h e o r e t j c a l l y , a r y s o l ' ~ e n t r r i x t u r e c a n be s e p a r a t e d b y

f r a c t i o n a l Z i e t i l l a t i o n i f t h e e c u i p n e n t d e s i g n i s a d e q u a t e .

T r a c t ici.1 c o n s i d e r a t i o n s cf o y , e r a t i n a e c o n o n , i c s a d e q u i p m e n t

i n v e s t r e v t q e n e r ' a l l y t r o u g h , 1 . i r r i t e f f i c i e n t s e p a r a t i o n t o

s o l v e n t s t i av iny a t , o i I j . ng ~ ~ i r , t s r : r e a d of 2c0-?oo C . I t c b o u l d

h e no te i ! t h a t . e v e r t t h i s i s ? n i c p r o v e m e n t o v e r c a p a b i l i t i e s

a v a j . l a b 1 . e i n t h e r e c y c l i n g i n d u s t r y fron: t w e n t y y e a r s a g o . Ey

v a r i e n c e of s o l v e n t w a s t e f e e l p i n t s , r e f l u x r a t . i o s , and u s e o f

v a c i i i ! ~ , a u r e a t 6 e a l o f f l . e x i b i l i t y is c r e a t - e d t o p r o c e s s many

d i f f e r e n t : o l v e n t s y r e v i o u s l y c o n ? i + ~ r e d e i t h e r u n e c o n o m i c a l c r

i m p r a c t i c a l . C u a l i t y r e f i n e d p r o d u c t s a r e b e i n g p r o d u c e d t h a t

c t ~ n be u s e d j n a l n , o s t i . 1 1 ~ h a s r s o f i n d u s t r y , i n c l u d i n q

p h a r c z c e u t i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n s t o n . a n u f a c t u c e d r u q s .

Page 15: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

C u t - s r a u e n t F r o c e s s i n c r a y i n v o l v e e x t r a c t i o n , f i l t e r i n g ,

r e s t a h i l i z a t i o n , o r d r y i n q , d e p e n d i n g on t k ~ e r e f i n e d s o l v e n t

s n e c i f i c a t i c n r e q u j r e n , ? r l t s . Ti-e rsost ccrrmon ~ . r o b l e r ~ a s s o c i a t e d

w i t h r c f i n e d s o l v e n t q u a l i t y i s e x c e s s i v e r o i s t u r e , o r w a t e r .

t ' o i s t u c e c c n t a n , i n s t i o n nay c r e a t e c o c r o s i o n p r o h l e r c s , o r c o a t i n o

r r @ t : l e r r s k l i th p a i n t s o l v e n t s , o r b y d r o l y t i c b r e a k d o w n p r o b l e r t s

v i t k i c h l o r i n a t e d s o l v e n t s . P e v e r a l t e c h n i q u e s a r e a v a i l a t l e t o

a d d r e s s t h e s e p r o h l e r s .

~

S i n c e w a t e r f o r m s a n a z e o t r o p i c , o r c o n s t a n t b o i l i n ?

r r i x t u r e , w i t b n a n y s o l v e n t s , t h o s e r e c y c l e r s w i t h f r a c t i o n a t i n g

c a p a b i l i t y ry.ay use Z i s t i l l a t i c n t e c h n i q u e s for r r o i s t u r e r e n . o v a l .

P e p e p d i n g nn t h e a z e o t r o p i c m i x t u r e , a n d t h e q u a n t i t y o f w a t e r t o

h e r e n o v e d , t h i s v e t h o d c a n hr v e r y e f f e c t i v e , t h o u g h u s u a l l y

q u i t - c o s t l y .

P.nothc-r o p t i o r , a v a i l a b l e is p h y s i c a l o r c e c h a n i c a l r e m o v a l .

T h i s . i n v o l v e s f i l t e r i n g t h e r e f i n e d s o l v e n t t h r o u g h an a b s o r b i n c ;

o r a d s o r t s i n o d e s s i c a p t , and t h e r e a r e s e v e r a l r r e t b o d s u s e d .

1 ' n b y d r o u s c a l c i c r ; , c h l o r i r j e i s s c n . e t i ~ . e s u s e d for t h i s

n ' e t h o c i , a n d c a n v e r y e f f e c t i v e f o r r e m o v a l o f t r a c e w a t e r

c o n t . a F , i n a t i o n . For r e f i n e d s o 1 v e n t . s c o n t a i n i n g l e s s t h a n 0 . 5 %

m o i s t u r e con ta r r i r i a t . i ( !n , c a l c i u m c h l o r i d e c a n d r y t h e m , down t o 2 0 0

p a r t s p e r r i l l i o n . f i s a d v a n t a g e s a r e t h a t w h e n s p e n t , t h e

. . .

Page 16: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

c a l c i u ~ . c h l o r i d e c a n r l o t he r e g e n e r a t e d , c r e a t i n g a p o t e n t i a l

d i s p o s a l c r o b l e n , a v d t h e r e i s t h e p o s s i b i l i t y of f r e e h a l o g e n

c o n t a n i n a t i o n cf t h e r e f i n e d ~ o l v e n t , c a u s i n g a p o t e n t i a l

T \ n c t b c ’ r r e t hoc1 e f f e c t i v e f o r t r a c e w a t e r con t a n t i n a t i o n

re i ; , cv i l i s i o n e x c h a n a e r c c i n . T h i s r re thod uses a d s o r F t i o n , w i t h

t h e h a t e r n o l e c u l e s a t t a c h i n ? t o t h e r e s i n , a n d t h e s u b s e q u e n t

d r y s o l v e n t p a s s i n q t b r o u g h . I t h a c r e p e a t e d l y d e m o n s t r a t e d t h e

a b i l i t y t o r e d u c e r r o i s t u r e l e v e l s f rom 0 . 2 % - 0 . _ 7 8 d o w n t o l e s s

t h a n 1 0 0 p a r t s per m i l l i o n , and h a s t h e a d v a n t a g e of b e i n g a b l e

t o r e g e n e r a t e . F + i s a d v a n t a g e , t h o u g h , i s t h a t t h i s m e t h o d i s

n o t e f f e c t i v e o n r e f i n e d s o l v e n t s w i t h more t h a n 0 . 5 % m o i s t u r e

c c n t a m i n a t i o n .

F r o b a t - l y t h e b e s t a v a i l a b l e t e c h n o l o g y t o d a y f o r m o i s t u r e

r e n ’ o v a l i s t h e i x o l c c u l a r s i e v e b e d . I t f u n c t i o n s , by a c t u a l l y

t r apF . inc j t h e w a t e r r o l e c u l e s i n t h e i n t e r s t i c e s of t h e m o l e c u l a r

s i e v e , a l l o w i n g t h e d r y s o l v e n t t o p a s s t h r o u g h . T h i s me thod h a s

t h e a d v a n t a g e o f b e i n g a b l e t o b a n d l e g r o s s a m o u n t s o f w a t e r

c o n t a r i n a t i o n ( d r y i n g f r o v 5% down t o l ess t h a n l R ) , a s w e l l a s

t h e t r a c e m o i s t u r e c o n t a x : i n a t e d s o l v e n t s ( d r y i n g from 0 . 5 % down

t o l e s c t h a n 2 0 0 pprr). ~t a l s o can be r e g e n e r a t e d f o r c o n t i n u e d

use .

“on a t e c h n i c a l ~ o i n t of v i e w , any s o l v e n t c a n be r e c l a i m e d

Page 17: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

to a p o i n t w h t = r e i t c a n b e r eusec i . The o n l y l i m i t i n g f a c t o r i s

e c o n o n i c s , a n d w i t h d i s p c s a l c o s t s e s c a l a t i n g s o r a p i d l y ,

r f c y c l i n q i s kecor r inc t h e rr,ethoc’ o f c h o i c e f o r a w i d e r r a n g e o f

s o l v e n t s . IP sciif c a s e s , t h e c o s t f o r d i s p o s a l is h i g h e r t h a n

t h e c r i q i n a l c o s t o f t h e v i r g i n p r o d u c t , and o n c e a m a t e r i a l i s

d i s F o s e d , i t i s q o n e f o r e v e r , w i t h a c o r r e s p o n d i n g l o s s o f

p r e c i o u s n a t u r a l r e s o u r c e s .

r . e t ’ s l o o k a t % h a t h a p p e n s t o y o u r s o l v e n t d u r i n o t h e

r e c y c l i n g p r o c e s s t o a s s u r e c j u a l i t y . F i r s t , t h e w a s t e is

c o l l e c t e d , i n e i t h e r drurcs o r b u l k t a n k t r u c k t r a n s p o r t , and sen t

t o t h e r e c y c l i n g f a c i l i t y . T h e r e , t h e w a s t e i s a n a l y z e d t o

v e r i f y t h a t t h e c o n t e n t s a g r e e w i t h t h e w a s t e m a n i f e s t . Then t h e

w a s t t . is pumped t o h u l k s t o r a g e . Khen enough n i a t e r i a l h a s beer

s c c u ~ ~ u l a t e d f o r a n e c o n o m i c a l r u r , t h e w a s t e is p r o c e s s e d t h r o u g h

t h e d i s t i l l a t i o n s y s t c n l . The r e s u l t i n g r e f i n e d p r o d u c t is t h e n

a n a l . y z e d a g a i n t o d e t e r n i n e c o n f o r ~ a n c e w i t h e s t a b l i s h e d

s p e c i f i c a t i o n s . I f f u r t h e r s t e p s a r e r e q u i r e d , s u c h a s d r y i n g o r

r e s t a b i l i z a t i o n , t h e p r o d u c t i s c h e c k e d a g a i n p r i o r t o pumping t o

f i n a l s t c r a g e . F r o r i ~ t h e r e , t h e r e f i n e d s o l v e n t is p a c k a g e d t o

cus tor r :e r o r d e r i n e i t h e r d r u m s o r b u l k t a n k e r , w i t h y e t a n o t h e r

q u a l i t y c o n t r o l c h e c k b e f o r e s h i p m e n t . The s t i l l b o t t o m s a r e

a l s o t h o r o u g h l y a n a l y z e d t o r e a s u r e c o n f o r s , a n c e w i t h f u e l

h l e n f i i n g s p e c i f i c a t i o n a .

Ti t y p i c a l r e c y c l i n g f a c i l i t y l a b i s e q u i p p e d w i t h o a s

Page 18: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

chronatoqraphs, Varl-Fischer titriFeters, calorimeters, atorric

atsorption s~'ectcu~hoton.eters, as well as other ancillary

ecuii,rent such as p!' sieters, color testers, and specific qravity

rjeasurerrent.

The gas chromatograph is the key analytical tool for quality

control in the recyclinq lab. Various instruments are available,

but a well-equipFed l a t , will have r,ultiple capability - a unit

with a therral conductivity detector for macro analysis of

solvent corponents, a flame ionization detector for analysis of

r:icro ( O K components in the 1 0 0 ppn to 1,000 ppr range), and an

electron cacture detector for even qreater sensitivity ( t o check

f o r trace PCP contacination, for instance). The G C ' s can also he

ecuipped with eutomatic integrators, autor.atic injection, and

controlled by computer to increase analytical reproducibility and

reliability.

The Karl-Fischer titrimeter is used to measure water

content. DepenGinq on analytical technique, the instrument m y

be sensitive down to less than 50 F ~ I I I .

C o l o r testers and pH meters are used for obvious purposes,

since color i.5 occasionally a quality problerr for custon:ers, and

1.R can affect corrosion .croperties of the refined solvent.

The caloriseter is used to measure ETU content of the still

Page 19: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

b o t t o n r : , w i t k s u b s e q u e n t wet c h ~ r r i s t r y t e s t i n g f o r h a l o g e ' n

c o n t e n t . R o t k o f t h e s e p a r a f i ' e t e c s a r e key s p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r

w a s t f . d e r i v e d f u e l p r o q r a r r s .

P n o t h e r k e y p a r a n e t e r f o r s t i l l h o t t o n s h l e n d i n q i n t o waste

d e r i v e d f u e l s i s heavy r , e t a l c o n t e n t , s u c h a s l e a d , z i n c , c h r o r e ,

e t c . T y p i c a l l y , t h e r e c y c l e r h i l l u s e a t o n i i c a b s o r p t i o n

S F e c t r o p h o t o m e t r y t o m e a s u r e heavy n e t a l s .

I f r e f i n e d c h l o r i n a t e d s o l v e n t s a r e i n t e n d e d f o r r e u s e i n

v a p o r d e g r e a s i n q , s t a b i l i . z e r c o n t e n t is an i m p o r t a c t q u a l i t y

c o n t r o l p a r a r r i e t e r . b l h i l e s o v e i n d i v i d u a l s t a b i l i z e r s c a n b e

r r easu red by $ a s c h r o r r a t o g r a p h , a b e t t e r r re thod f o r c h e c k i n g t o t a l

s t a b i l i z e r c o n t e n t i s t h r o u g h wet c h e r r i s t r y t . i t r a t i o n o f a c i d

a c c e p t a n c e .

I f t h e r e c y c l e r c a r e f u l l y follows a l l t h e q u a l i t y c o n t r o l

s t e ~ s , i r ! c ' , u s t r y i s a s s u r e d of r e c e i v i n g a q u a l i t y p r o d u c t ,

a p p r c p r i a t e f o r almost any u s e . I n my e x p e r i e n c e , t h e r e a r e v e r y

f e w a p p l i c a t i o n s w h e r e r e f i n e d s o l v e n t s c a n n o t be u s e d . W h i l e

t h e r e a r e p e r c e [ . : t i o n s i n t h e r r a r k e t t h a t r e f i n e d s o l v e n t is n o t

' a s good a ? v i r q i n s o l v e n t , t h i s is v e r y s e l d o l r t r u e . E v e n some

o f t h e o b v i o u s d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n t h e t.wo, s u c h a s p u r i t y ,

cc r lc r , and o d o r v e r y ? e l d o n , a c t u a l l y a f f e c t t h e p e r f o r m a n c e of

t h e s o l v ~ n t d u r i n q r v u s e .

Page 20: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

F Y d e a l i n g k i t P a r e c y c l e r e q u i p p e d t o s e r v i c e e v e n t h e

s r c a l l q e r e r a t o r , ? b e e c ~ r i n r ~ i c a n 6 e n v i r o n r e n t a l a d v a n t a a e s c f

r e c y c l i n g c a r ; b e r c z l i z e d . T h e s o l v e n t r e c y c l i n g n a r k e t i s

r e l . a t i v r l y r a t u ~ e , anC w e l l - e s t a t , l i s h ~ r ? , t h o u a b i n s o m e w h a t s

s t a t e o f c h a n s e t n d a y . I . ' k , i l r sonie c o n r ' a n i e s h a v e b e e n i r !

b u s i n c c c Fc r a s l o r , ? a s 5 0 y e a r ? . , and n,arty f o r a s lo r ig a s 21:

y e a r s , t h e r e a r e v e r y € e h n e w e n t r a n t s t c t h e f i e l d .

r 'r ari8a t i c a 11 y r ea u i r en e n t c

F:ake i t v e r y difficult^ t o c t z y i r b u s i n e s s , l e t a l o n e m k e a n e w

i n c r e a c ec! r e q u 1 a t o K Y a n d ce r rr i t t i n o

e n t r y . F i v e y e a r s a q o , n a r k e t e s t i m a t e s i n d i c a t e d a b o u t 1 5 0

r e c y c l e r s i n t L ! s i n c s s i n t h e U n i t e d Z t a t e s . T o d a y , t h a t nurrber

is less t h a n 1 0 0 , ar id by 1 9 9 2 is F ' r o j e c t e d t o b e less t h a n 5 0 .

T h e t r e n d i c t h e n z r k e t i s t o w a r c l s c o n s o l i d a t i o n , a s l a r g e r

c o r p a n i e s , w i t h g r e a t e r a s s e t s an(! r e s o u r c e s , a b s o r b s r . . a l l e r

c o n , p a n i e s u n a b l e t o cori-Fly w i t h t h e r e g u l a t i o n s .

? h e r e w i l l s t i l l h e p l e n t y of c a p a c i t y a v a i l a b l e , t h o u g h , a s

t h e r e i s no r e c y c l e r o f w h i c h I am a w a r e t h a t is o p e r a t i n g a t

E o r e t h a n a b o u t G C % u t i l i z a t i o n . A l s o , most of t h e d e c r e a s e f rom

1 0 0 r e c y c l e r s t o 50 w i l l be v i a c o n s o l i d a t i o n , i . e . t h e y w i l l be

a c q u i r e d , a n d c o n t i n u e t o o p e r a t e , r a t h e r t h a n c e a s e t o e x i s t .

T h e r e f o r e , t h e r e s h o u l c l be p l e n t y of a v a i l a b l e o p p o r t u n i t y f o r

q e n e r a t o r s t o t a k e a d v a n t a g e o f o f f - s i t e r e c y c l i n q w i t h i n t h e i r

econorNic t r a n s F . o r t ~ t i o n s e r v i c e a r e a , g e n e r a l l y c o n s i d e r e d t o be

3C0-4?,: ii ilr?.;.

Page 21: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

' , e Pmfivca l o o k f r i d t L ~ t b c i i ~ t c n t o l l recyclinr, a n 6 " o p e n

r r a r k c t " recyclinq - t h e c r i t e r i a f o r s e l e c t i n 9 t h e p r o p e r n e t h o d

v a r i e s w i t h i n d i v i Z u a 1 n e e d s . P ore i : r .por tan t c o n s i d e r a t i o n ,

t h o u ? t : , i s s e l e c t i c r i cf t h e p r o [ ' e r c o c p a n y t o s e r v i c e y o u r

t $ ~ ( , u i r ? i . c . r t ! ? . Sever.31 !key f a c t c r s s . h o u l c ' t c c x a c . i n e d . F i n c e t h e

hazar r i o t t s w z s t e ger" r e t o r f o r e v e r r p t a i r s u l t i r r a t e l i a t i l i t y f o r

ti.:? ' - a c t e , a n r n.31.y i ' . o r e o f us a r e n o w s u b j e c t t o t h e

r e g u l a t i o n s , t h i s b a s f a r r e a c h i n g i i i : p l i c a t i o n s , a n d s h o u l d weiqh

h e a v i l y i n c i e c i d i n t i % b e r e t o h a v e F o l v e n t w a s t e r e c y c l e d .

Thi: r c f i n e . r . i s o l v t n t r e s o l d i n t h e I r d C k e t F l d c e i s c o n s i d e r e c i

e. ~ r o c ' u c t , acr! i s no l o n 5 e r s t l S j e c t t.c t h e p r o v i s i o n s . o f T C T F .

" L t s ir , :( : . r,r: co!vi : r : t h a s t e i s ! C P % r e c c v f r a b l e , t h e r e a r f

r e c i d c e s which rust s t i l l t -e properly n z n a q e 6 t o r r i n i r - i z e r i s k

ant: c o t e n t i a 1 1 iak, i l i t y .

I n t h e r . s s t , r . a n y i n d u s t r i a l a n d g o v e r n i r e n t a l w a s t e

g e n e r a t o r s s e l ~ e c t . e r : t h e i r TSC f a c i l i t y t a s e c ' upon i m p r e s s i v e o r a l

a n d w r i t t e n a s s u r i l n c e s and r e i r e s e n t a t . i o n s of ! 'roger p r o c e d u r e s , ,

s n 2 b s v e h e e n " b u r r t e r i " , t h e s e ~ s s u c a n c e s t e i r i y no p r o t e c t i o n

a g a i n s t 1 i a t : i l i t y . T b e r , n o s t f i r r . s b e g a p r e q u i c i n ? c o p i e s of

a t . ! r o i r i i t t e ~ e r z i t s f r o r t h c s e f a c i l i t i e s b e i n q u s e d o r

c o r . c i c e r e 6 E O K U S E . P l a s , t h i s b a s clroved no Tore e f f e c t i v e , as

i r ' o s t ? u ! : e r f u n d ~ r i o r i t y s i t e s a F r e a r t o h a v e beer r ; r o c e r l y

F . e r r i t t . e r l dur inc : tk,e c o u r s e ci t . b k i r c u e r a t i o n . Cnce a c a i n , no

> r o t e c t i o n EroL l i a b i l i t y .

. .

Page 22: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

l y o b . , t t i e P , s i n c c j 'ou aF. c e n t r a t o r s r e t a i r ! u l t i r : : a t e l i a t i l i t y

For t k e r .ar.accrr+r.t o f yot.ir h i .7hr r lour w a s t e , can you n , i n i n i z e t h e

r i5P .s . of ? a n s o ? t.o :he c n v i r o c n e r ' t , o r t o y o u r c o , ~ ~ r ; a ~ y ' s a r s e t E -

3r .F r c ~ u t a t i o r ! ? i-11 t! '~: k a l , i t 4.s r y c o n s i d e r e r : OF i v i c r t h a t

t.hc,c.' cf you b , t # o r:.sy c a t e y c r i z e ? a s s n a l l G e n e r a t o r s n e e d t o

a s s i 5 n u's r u c h o r v o c e a t t e n t i o n t o t h i s d e c i s i o n a s does C e n e r a l

N o t o r s , T ? M , ' l e r c r , a n d o t h e r c o r p o r a t e g i a n t s . A s a p

i l l u s t r a t i o n , a t t .he fi.:.rlird an? ~ : , r r o s i t . e i n Y i c h i q a n , c l e a n U F

c c s t c of $ 1 4 r ; . i l l i o n b,ere : a i ? b y 87 g e n e r a t o r c . C e n e r a l ! ' o t o r s '

skmar~: h a s S ? . 4 r : . i l l . i o n , Cot,! rcrr! in .q ' : . f 1 . 2 n i l l j o n , FL. I n d u s t r i e s

? 1 2 ? t h o u s a r d , F o r ? I - 'o tor Con! .any $ 2 1 7 t h o u s s n d , C c a n d ? r u n k

F a i l r o d : I 4 4 t h o u r a n d , V o n s ? r t o $109 t h o u s a n c ' . T h e s e c o s t s ,

h a v i n c b e e n i :uk : l i skec : i n t h e r 'c. 'b..sraper, a r e e n b a r r a s s i n g t o t h e

con igan ic s i n v o l v e d , z?. wel.1 a s d a r a q i n q t o p r o f i t a b i l i t y , b u t

beycvC t h a t , t h e r e w i l l be no d i s c e r n i b l e a d v e r s e e f f e c t . Cach

c c n c i r ' e r s i t zn e x p ' e n s i v e l e s s c r l e a r n e d , and b u s i n e s s l i f e

c o n t i n u e s . [:ow wculr' y c u r corrr:a~y r e a c t t o ? u c h a p e n a l t y ? Or

e v e n or!e cf y 5 t h o u s a n 6 , $ 1 0 t h o u s a n d , o r $50 t h o u s a n d ? I n sorie

case:, I d a r e s a y t h a t y o u r ~ u s i n e s s e s . . . y o u r w h o l e l i f e r a y

s u f i e r s e.< E r i' c o n s e r; u e n ce s .

> s a Leqinnir.1; t o y o u r d e c i s i o n n:aking p r o c e s , ~ , I s t r o n g l y

u r u e you t o i n s p e c t t h o s e f a c i l i t i e s y o u a c e u s i n q o r c o n s , i d e r i n g

f o r u s e , a t l e s s t o n c e / y e a r . :io r e s p o n s i b l y o p e r a t e d TS.C s i t e of

w h i c t ' 1 ar: a w a r e w o u l d r e f u s e s u c k s a v i s i t . P.ny t h a t w o u l d ,

Page 23: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

I . C * n e r s / C p e r a t c r s of t h e Site

. . . . . T h e f i n a n c i a l s t a t u s a n d c a p a b i l i t i e s s h o u l d t . ~

exariner?. General Y o t o r s w o u l d n o t h a v e h a d t o

:.ay T E . 4 n i l l i c v t o c l e a n u p P e r l i n & F a r r o , i f

P e r l i n b F a r r o had n o t g o n e b a n k r u p t .

..... P r o the t r s n s p c r t - e r s . a n 6 c t h e r TFf f a c i l i t i e s u s e r ?

k , y t h e s i t e i n q u e s t i o n c a p a t l e , r e p u t a b l e , a n d

r e 1 i a t. l e ?

. . . . res t b e f a c i l i t y h a v e a 6 e G u a t e i n c u r a n c e

c o v e r a q ~ ? E n v i r o n n e n t a l T r r p a i r n e n t L i a t i l i t y

i n s u r a n c e i s v e r y d i f f i c u l t t o o k t a i n t c d a y , an?

is v e r y c o c t l y . b ; i t h o u t a 6 e q u a t e f i n a n c i a l

c a ~ a b i l i t y , i t i s t h e o n l y p r o t e c t i o n y o u h a v e

f r o n CFFC1,P C O S t C .

T T . ? i t e P e r s o n n e l

..... Is t - P c s t a f F qualified ... e x p e r i e ~ c e d ?

... ..rso t r a i p i n y p ~ o g c a ~ s e x i s t t o a s s u r e c o n t i n u a n c e

o f q u a l i f i e d p e o p l e o p e r a t i n g t h e s i t e ?

. . . ..Pow a r e d o c u ~ e n t s a n d r e c o c d s ~ ) a n a g e d ? P o G c ! . ~

Page 24: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

r s i v t a i n e d r e c o r d s c a y i r 1 d i c a t . e a p o o r l y - r u p

f 2 c i l i t y .

~ T T . ' i t e C i t u a t i c ~

. . . . . T c t h e f a c i l i t y l o c s t e r ' i n a r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a ,

s u t j e c t t o t h e i n h e r e n t r i s k s and c o v p l a i n t s ?

. . . . . T s t h e s i t e l o c a t e d w b e r e p o t e n t i a l spills r a y

endan.oer n e a r b y w e l l w a t e r ? L h a t t y p e s of w a s t e s

k e ~ e handler? t h a t r a y p o s e u l t i m a t e r i s k ? Your

l i a b i l i t i e s d o n o t e n d / b e q i n a t t h e p o i n t i n t i l i e

a t w h i c h you ccr;n:ence t . u s i n e s s . T h e l i a b i l i t i e s

a r e p o t e n t i a l l y a l l - i n c l u c i v e .

IV. F f q u l a t o r y Corpl i a n c c S t a t u s

..... F r o t h e n e c e s s a r y p e r m i t s h e l d ? Any d o u b t s . c a n te

r e s o l v e d k.y t h e a p p r o p r i a t e r e g u l a t o r y a g e n c i e s .

C o r i e s o f t h e p e r n ~ i t s s h o u l d be e x a r r i n e d .

..... F:hat is t h e c o m F l i a n c e h i s t o r y o f t h e s i t e ? F

c o n c e n t o r d e r c c o t h e r s i g n of d i f f i c u l t y d o e s n o t

n e c e s s a r i l y r u l e o u t c o n s i d e r a t i o n a s a n y p l a c e

r o r e t h a n e i g h t y e a r s o l d p r o b a b l y h a s p a s t

practices to c o r r e c t , b u t c o m p l i a n c e m o n i t o r i n g i n

s u c h c a s e s s h o u l d be e x a m i n e d .

V . C v e r a t i c n c

..... Co h e a l t h and s a f e t y p r a c t i c e s a p p e a r a d e q u a t e ?

Page 25: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

. . . . . T ? + : < i ~ i i . w n t g r o ~ c r l y n a i n t a i n e r ? ?

. . . . . T s t .km~re c e c o n ? s r y , ;.ne p r e f e r a b l y t e r t i a r y

c o r ! t a i n r , e n t of s o l v P n t s t o r a a e anCi h a n d l i n g a r e a s ?

Ts t h e r e a s ~ i l l c o n t r o l p l a n ?

..... Is t h e r e a c o n t i n g e n c y p l a n ?

..... f i r e t h e r e a d e q u a t e w a r n i n g and s e c u r i t y s i g n s ?

..... f i r e t h e r e i n t e r n a l i n s p e c t i o n p r o c e d u r e s ? P r e

t h e y d o c u c . e n t e d ? A l l of t h e s e a r e r e q u i r e d of a

p r o p e r l y run f a c i l i t y .

. . . . . F i n a l l y , b o b a r e t h e u n r e c o v e r a b l e r e s i d u e s

h a n d l e d ? Some r e s i d u e s a r e s u i t a b l e f o r c h e e i c a l -

b a s e d f u e l s p r o g r a m s , s u c h a s i n cement k i l n s .

B u t w h a t h a p p e n s t o t h o s e r e s i d u e s n o t s e n t f o r

f u e l ? T h o s e ater rials s h o u l d b e s e n t t o a n

a p F r o v e d , p e r r . i t t e d , c o m m e r c i a l i n c i n e r a t o r .

I n c d d i t i o n , e v e r y r e c y c l e r i s b u r d e n e d w i t h a w a t e r

d i s F o ? a l p r o b l e r . Y o s t i r1co r r i rq w a s t e s h a v e a s s o c i a t e d w a t e r

c o n t a ~ : i n a t i o n t o k e r e n o v e 6 . A l s o , w a t e r is t h e n o s t c o m o n l y

u s e d r e d i u n : t o c l e a n o u t p r o c e s s e q u i r n , e n t t o p r e v e n t c r o s s -

c o n t a m i n a t i o n . ?:e s e n d t hese w a t e r s t o r u P o n t i n M e w J e r s e y €or

k ~ i o l o g i c a l a n 6 c h c n i c a ! t r e a t n e r t , w i t h t h e r e s u l t i n g e f f l u e n t

t c : i n a n o t o n l y n o n - h a z a r d o u s , b u t r r e e t i n g d r i n k i n g w a t e r

s t a n c i a r c l s . T h ~ s e ! r ; . c t i c e s a s s u r e t h a t t h e F o r t i o n of w a s t e

b r o u q h t i r t t h a t i s r l i i t r e c o v e r e d 3 ' : a u a l i t y p r o d u c t , is d e s t r o y e d

s o a s n o t t o c o r e h a c k t o haurit u s ( ~ r O U T c u ~ t o m e r s .

Page 26: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

T f t h e s e five c r i t i c a l areas of concern b6ve teen adequately

ar’r ’ressc t - ’ , y c u r e y rest cur^^' t h a t y c u h?ve done y o u r task

r r o r r r l y , an? ~elc.cte2 accorfincly.

T r l c l ~ o s i n n , l e t re say t h a t hhile recyclirg can ke sh~k,n to

be an econonical alternative to disposal, our options have deeper

significance. V:e s h o u l d a l s o view recycling as a viable K.eans to

concerve increasingly finite resources, and to preserve our

environnent f o r our children and future aenerations. \.:e consider

outselves !;art of t h e s.olution, not r : a r t of the probleni.

Page 27: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents

Brian R. Dawson

Page 28: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

Hazardous Waste Management Priorities 1. Waste Minimization 2 . Recycling

(a) On-site (b) Off-site

3. Incineration or Thermal Destruction 4. Chemical or Biological Treatment 5 . Secure Landfill 6 . Deep-well Injection

Alcohols Esters Ketones Napthas Aromatics Chlorinated Solvents Oxygenated Solvents

Page 29: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

.,, i. hwa*x-=2"?."?b *>- 2

Types of Solvent Reclaimation Services 1 . Custom Toll Recycling 2. "Open Market" Recycling

- I

Solvent In E Solvent Vapor

Reclaimed Solvent

Page 30: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

Batch Fractionation

Unit

n-1

n

n + l

Liquid Feed In Still

Reflux Product, D

V

7 Residue ....................... i/

Heat Out

ii9 \a,, Recovery Rate qz3 Cost of Recycling ::? Cost of Virgin Solvent

Page 31: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

... .,7 . ., .,,~, .,,, . . . ..,, .. .. . I . ; ....,.. , . *.,_:. ._I"/ , ~ . . ....~ ~ . . ..

Value of Reclaimed Solvents

Virgin Price Reclaimed Price

< $0.20 per pound

> $0.20 per pound

80% of virgin market

90% of virgin market

Page 32: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

Making the Most of Bottoms and Residuals From Oil Refining and Solvent Recycling

Steve Miller

Page 33: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

Making The Most Of Bottoms And Residuals From Oil Refining &Solvent Recycling

Steve Mlller, PhD,P.E. Dames & Moore

HISTORICALLY

Tops & Supernatents Products

Bottoms & Residuals Wastes

LAND BAN EFFECTS

Reduced Landfilling of Bottoms Reduces Actual Recycling

Increased RCRA Burning

Continued Halogenated Solvent Recycle

Page 34: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

EVOLUTION OF A FACILITY

Lube Oil Marketer

Used Oil as Raw Material

Waste Generation

Waste Minimization thru Utilization of Bottoms & Residuals

Expanding RCRA Licensing

Expanded Oil & Solvent Utilization

Page 35: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

._ I Y I

EXAMPLE OF RECYCLED STREAMS

Drum Recycle - Caustic Cleaning Wastes

Waste Inks

Methylene Chloride Paint Stripping Wastes

Halogenatedl Nonhalogenated Solvent & Hydrocarbon Wastes

Other Polymer Bearing Wastes

SELECTING SUITABLE WASTES

Bench and Pilot Tests

Compatibility of Residuals with Bottoms Product

Bottoms Product Quality

Coking/ Decomposition in Process Units

Rejection of Unsuitable Waste Streams

Page 36: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

OLD PROCESS - ACID CLAY

Flare

I-- Used Oil _I I

L 2 - h Truck Diesel

Li me/Al u m

POT!..!

Landf i 1 1

L i p h i Oil - I

:? w t Oil

Spent Clay

I

Landf i 11

SLIDE 1

Page 37: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

Used Oil

P&-

Block I!ater POT'!

Polymer I!asi;e

NEW PROCESS - DISTILLATION CLAY

F1 a rc : Truck Diesel

'T I Lube Oil

L igh t . . we i qhii

Oil/Palviner Recvcle I

SLIDE 2

Page 38: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

. I .

-- SOLVENT

SOLVENT RECLCLING

FLUX TOWER

SLIDE 3

Page 39: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

URIce cf Solld Waste . , .# 1 Unlted Stated Center for Envlronmental Envlronmsntsl Protectlon Research Informatlon and Emergency Response A W ' W

.. . . . . ~. ~

.. - .- Technology Transfer Mirrch 1 S i r CERI-SS:OT

... .

Solvent Waste Reduction Alternatives Seminar

Speaker Papers

I.

Page 40: Off-site Reclamation of All Solvents · Es you can see, recyclino is ranked very high or! the pricrity list of alternatives for hazardous waste r!anagement. This is because it accomplishes

. " . *