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OFF THE GRIDOFF THE GRIDProperty Irrigation SystemProperty Irrigation System
Alex ChepeskaAlex Chepeska
OutlineOutline
Project ObjectiveProject Objective BackgroundBackground Design DecisionsDesign Decisions Analysis and TestingAnalysis and Testing ResultsResults Implications and Implications and
Future Future RecommendationsRecommendations
Goals and ObjectivesGoals and Objectives
Design irrigation system for remote areas of Design irrigation system for remote areas of property with sparse waterproperty with sparse water
Automate system Automate system Must run without access to conventional powerMust run without access to conventional power Modify existing designModify existing design Increase functionality Increase functionality Manufacture using readily available materialsManufacture using readily available materials Low costLow cost ““Do-it-yourself” kit Do-it-yourself” kit
Previous SystemPrevious System
Springs along stream served as water sourceSprings along stream served as water source Pump at each spring Pump at each spring As output decreases more pumps addedAs output decreases more pumps added 4 years of dry summers + 4 springs + 8 pumps =60 GPH4 years of dry summers + 4 springs + 8 pumps =60 GPH
Current SystemCurrent System
4000 sq. ft. garden space4000 sq. ft. garden space 6 foot well producing 120 6 foot well producing 120
GPHGPH 4 pumps deliver water up 4 pumps deliver water up
12 feet to crops12 feet to crops Distributed via drip Distributed via drip
irrigationirrigation Solar panels to charge Solar panels to charge
12v batteries12v batteries Requires 2491 Requires 2491
gallons/weekgallons/week
ProblemsProblems
Clogging pumps and tubingClogging pumps and tubing When system is off water flows backward When system is off water flows backward
into wellinto well Well produces 1/5 of the pumps capacityWell produces 1/5 of the pumps capacity Weather limits solar panel useWeather limits solar panel use Pumps consume extra amps when Pumps consume extra amps when
batteries are fullbatteries are full Abundant water overflows stationsAbundant water overflows stations
Possible ConceptsPossible Concepts
FUNCTION
Prevent clogging of pumps
only operates with full well dig deeper well find new well location
Automate
Easily maintained
Charge batteries
Repell mosquitos from resevoir
Prevent clogging of tubing
Prevent backflow into well
Utilize all of pump's capacity
Prevent overflow when water abundant
more powerful pumps tighter seals and screened output
backflow valves
CONCEPTS
screen filter around pumps cover pumps completely
overflow resevoir
timer valves/float valves/windmill windmill charges battery/rest is manual windmill/central control box
alarm when full automatic shutdown
use windmill to charge extra batteries
weatherproof/leave up in the winterlightweight/easy to teardown
more solar panels
screen over resevoir cover completely
Provides correct voltage automatic voltage reduction more powerful pumps
Design Concept 2:Design Concept 2:
Completely covered pumps, covered Completely covered pumps, covered reservoir, tighter seals and screened reservoir, tighter seals and screened irrigation output, backflow valves, full well irrigation output, backflow valves, full well operation, automatic shutdown, operation, automatic shutdown, windmill/central control box, windmill/central control box, weatherproofed for winter, windmill weatherproofed for winter, windmill charges extra batteries, 110v pumpcharges extra batteries, 110v pump
Other Design DecisionsOther Design Decisions
FMEAFMEA
Design for X analysisDesign for X analysis ManufactureManufacture AssemblyAssembly MaintenanceMaintenance RecyclingRecycling
Windmill BaseWindmill Base
1/8” angle iron1/8” angle iron 12’ in height12’ in height Triangular shapeTriangular shape Setup instructionsSetup instructions 20-6’ sections 20-6’ sections
Windmill BladesWindmill Blades
PVCPVC Home made Home made
constructionconstruction Cut into quartersCut into quarters
GeneratorGenerator
Home MadeHome Made AlternatorAlternator Permanent magnet Permanent magnet
generatorgenerator
Pump SelectionPump Selection
110v Sump Pump110v Sump Pump Inverted from 12v Inverted from 12v
batterybattery $70-$80$70-$80 Replaces multiple 12v Replaces multiple 12v
pumpspumps
ReservoirReservoir
Sold at many storesSold at many stores Easy to maintainEasy to maintain Under $50Under $50 Screen or full coverScreen or full cover
Automation ControlAutomation Control
Backflow Backflow prevention valveprevention valve
Auto shutoffAuto shutoff Rain sensorRain sensor Control boxControl box
Material ListMaterial List
Material quantity price total110 v pump 1 78.59 78.59resevoir pool 1 49.99 49.99automatic shutoff 1 16.49 16.49Backflow preventer 1 2.79 2.79Power inverter 1 35 35tubing approx. 100 yds 20 20angle iron (6' sections) 24 5 120PVC 5 feet 10 1012v batteries 8 40 320Magnet generator 1 150 150
802.86
ResultsResults
GPM = (HP*2178) / Feet of headGPM = (HP*2178) / Feet of head
= (1/6*2178) / 12= (1/6*2178) / 12
= = 30.25 GPM30.25 GPM
Pump ran for 30 minutesPump ran for 30 minutes
So ….→ 30.25 GPM * 30 minutes = So ….→ 30.25 GPM * 30 minutes = 907.5 907.5 gallons pumpedgallons pumped
Plan for 12,000 sq. ft. * 1” per week= 1000 Plan for 12,000 sq. ft. * 1” per week= 1000 cubic feetcubic feet
1000 * 7.48 gal./cubic foot = 7,480 gallons1000 * 7.48 gal./cubic foot = 7,480 gallons 1 battery can pump 907.5 gallons1 battery can pump 907.5 gallons
7,480 / 907.5 = 7,480 / 907.5 = 8.24 batteries per week8.24 batteries per week
Battery UsageBattery Usage
Windmill Charge TimeWindmill Charge Time
6 foot diameter Blades6 foot diameter Blades Ave wind speed = 10 mphAve wind speed = 10 mph
Windmill Charge TimeWindmill Charge Time
This gives approximately 51 Watts outputThis gives approximately 51 Watts output 50 W/ 12v *24 Hrs= 50 W/ 12v *24 Hrs= 100 amp-hrs of charge100 amp-hrs of charge
Batteries require 75 amp-hours to fully chargeBatteries require 75 amp-hours to fully charge
50 W/ 12v * X hrs = 75 amp-hours50 W/ 12v * X hrs = 75 amp-hours X= X= 18 hours to charge 1 battery18 hours to charge 1 battery
ImplicationsImplications
Find way to charge/discharge all batteries Find way to charge/discharge all batteries in successionin succession
Lead-Acid batteries maintain voltage when Lead-Acid batteries maintain voltage when deaddead
Parallel setupParallel setup One way diodeOne way diode
ConclusionsConclusions
Input spreadsheet with recommended Input spreadsheet with recommended specificationsspecifications
Can be applied to any size Can be applied to any size property/budgetproperty/budget
Feasible, but needs more physical testingFeasible, but needs more physical testing
Do-It-Yourself KitDo-It-Yourself Kit
SpreadsheetSpreadsheet Windmill building instructionsWindmill building instructions Windmill blade creation instructionsWindmill blade creation instructions Recommended productsRecommended products Entire system assembly instructionsEntire system assembly instructions
Future RecommendationsFuture Recommendations
Generator Generator constructionconstruction
Different windmill Different windmill designsdesigns
Fully constructed Fully constructed system and testingsystem and testing