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Science Key standards Questions and Answers
St/9.1 Describe the structure of a joint and the types of joints in the human skeleton.
Q.1 Answer the following:a. What is this type of synovial joints called?b. What sort of movement does it allow?c. What is the name of structure labeled 1?d. Is the name of structure labeled 2?
Answer
Q2- Which structure attaches bones to bones. e. Ligamentsf. Tendons g. Cartilage h. ball and Socket
St/9.2 Describe how the contraction and relaxation of muscles enables locomotion.1
a. ………………………b. …………………………c. …………………………….d. ………………………………
Q.1 Look at the diagram of the arm:1. Which muscles contract to raise the
arm?2. Which muscles contract to lower the
arm?3. Why are the biceps and triceps known
as antagonistic?
Answer
Q.2 what will happen to your muscles for your arms if you carry a heavy bag?
a) Biceps relax and triceps contract b) Triceps relax and Biceps contractc) Biceps contract onlyd) Nothing will happened
St/19.1 Know how a simple machine such as a lever can make work easier and that it has many applications
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1. …………………………………………………………………………………..2. …………………………………………………………………………….3. …………………………………………………………………………………
Q.1 Here is some common machines using levers.
For each one, write down: • Where the pivot is ( ) • Where the effort force is applied (by you) ( ) • Where the load is ( )Answer
Q.2-Door is an example of which type of lever? (CS:19.1)a. First class leverb. Third class leverc. Second class leverd. It’s not a lever
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St/19.2 Know that the turning effect of a force is called its moment and calculate the moment of a given force
Q.1 A uniform rod is pivoted at its centre. It is acted on by two forces in the same plane. Each force has the same size, equal to 10 N (Newton). In which case, is there a turning effect? Why?
Q.2 what is the turning effect of the force in the diagram about the nut at point P? Perpendicular distance = 20 cm = 0.20 m from the force to P.
Answer
St/19.3 Know that, in a system of moments in equilibrium, the anticlockwise moment is equal to the clockwise moment and use this in calculating unknown forces.
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a) Moment = 2 Nmb) Moment = 20 Nmc) Moment = 0.2 Nm
Q.1 if the ruler in the diagram is balanced, what is the weight W?
Answer
Q.2 the diagrams show meter rules balanced at their centers. What is the weight of (Y) ?
a) Y=8Nb) Y=18N c) Y=0.8N
St/19.4 Distinguish between compressive and tensile strength of materials and relate this to the way the materials are used in structures such as buildings and bridges.
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Q.1 the pictures show three different kinds of bridge: an arch bridge, a truss bridge and a suspension bridge.
Arch bridge Suspension bridge Truss bridge
a. In each case explain what part of the bridge is under compression?
.b. What parts of the suspension bridge are under tension.
Q2-Tensile strength of a material is : (19.4)a. maximum load that a material can support without breakingb. maximum load that a material can support before breakingc. The distance of a bridged. It’s a type of bridge
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a-…………………………………………………………………………………….b-……………………………………………………………………………………
14.1 Know that materials such as wood, wool and cotton that are derived from living things have molecular structures that consist of a skeleton of carbon atoms with atoms of a small number of other elements joined to them.
Q1- Name One natural polymer ………………………………….One synthetic polymer………………………………..
Q2- on e of these polymers is not Synthetic polymers:a) RNAb) Plastics.c) Nylond) polyester
14.2 Know that a polymer is a compound made up of repeating small units joined together by covalent bonds and that many polymers have a structure that is based on long chains of carbon atoms.
Q1- List four ways how different your life would be if it was no longer plastic was no longer available.1-……………………………..2-…………………………….3-…………………………….4-…………………………….
Q2- When lots of small, reactive molecules join together, they make a
a) Polymerb) Monomerc) Fossil fueld) Mixture
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14.3 Give examples of natural and synthetic polymers and show an understanding of how the use that we make of a polymer is related to the characteristic features of its molecular structure.
Q1- Each of the following objects is made from a fibre. From your knowledge of fibres, select the most suitable object.
material for making the Give reasonA set of car seat coversA warm sweaterAn undergarment suitable for hot weather
Q2- Diagrams A, B and C show the structures of three polymers. The solid lines show the polymer chains, and the dotted lines show electrostatic forces between molecules. Which of the polymers would be most suitable for Making a hard plastic case for a portable radio.
a) -Ab) -Bc) -C d) -C&B
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14.4 Know that oil and natural gas are the raw materials from which synthetic polymers (plastics and synthetic fibres) are commonly made and that many are made in Qatar.
Q1-Describe one physical property for each of the polymer that a manufacture must take into account when making each type of itemMaking a hard plastic case for a portable radio.......................Bottle for drinking water..................................Making a fishing line………………………….
Q2- plastics is a hydrocarbon made of - Fuels- Clay- Cement - Water & sand
14.6 Know that changes in molecular structure account for the changes in the properties of clay when it is fired.
Q1-Explain how the addition of water to the cement increases the strength of the concrete formed.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Q2- why wet clay is soft and fired clay is stronga) Because molecules of water make clay strong, while fire make
link between clay moleculesb) Because molecules of water make clay wet while fire make link
between clay molecules strong.c) Because molecules of clay make water evaporate while fire
make link between clay molecules weak.d) Because molecules of water change clay to cement while fire
change the link between clay molecules
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14.8 Know that the setting of concrete is an irreversible process by which a network of interlocking crystals is formed, and that this is what gives concrete its strength.
Q1- Concrete is formed by mixing cement with water and allowing it to cure. Explain why allowing concrete to cure slowly by wetting it each day increases its strength.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Q2- Concrete is made by - By mixing cement, sand and water.- Mixing cement, sand, water and small stones set in position.- Mixing cement, sand and small stones set in position.- Mixing cement, water and small stones set in position.
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Q-What is the best definition of homeostasis? a) taking in oxygen and getting rid of carbon dioxide b)getting rid of waste c) keeping a constant temperature
Q-Label the diagram with the name of the hormonal glands using the words in this list :
d)
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Testes , Thyroid , pancreas , pituitary , ovaries , Adrenals
9.10.2 Explain the ways in which hormonal control occurs and the effects of insulin.
Q- Which of the following hormones regulates the level of sugar in the blood?
a)adrenaline
b) insulin
c) testosterone
Q- Fill in the gaps with one word from the box :
Some people suffer from a disease called d___________. They do
not produce enough of a h____________ called i_____________
from the organ in the body called the p______________. Insulin
controls the b____________ s___________ levels. Diabetics have to
be careful that they do not eat too much sweet f__________. They
may also need to i______________ themselves with the hormone
insulin to help control there blood sugar l_________.
9.10.3 Know the general structure and functions of the human nervous system, the structure and function of types of nerve cells, and the pathways taken by a nerve impulse in response to a stimulus.
Q-Neurons that conduct nerve impulses from the receptors to the central nervous system are :a) motor neurons.b) efferent neurons.c) interneurons.d) sensory neuron
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Inject sugar hormone diabetes bloodpancreas food levels insulin
Q-Arrange the following terms in a logical order:
__________________________________________________
9.10.4 Know the functioning and importance of the reflex arc.
Q- In the reflex arc, a muscle or gland is considered to be the :a) receptor.b) integrating center.c) motor neuron.d)effector.
Explain the functioning and importance of the reflex arc .
9.10.5 Know the structure and function of the human eye and ear.
Q-What part of the eye adjusts to focus more clearly? a) retinab) lensc) blind spotd) pupil
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Effectors coordinator response receptors Stimulus
Q-Use the words to correctly label the diagram of the ear:
9.10.6 Know how the body controls temperature and water balance.
Q- Where is ADH produced? the kidneys the liver the pituitary gland the pancreas
Q-fill in the gaps :
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[Ear canal] [Cochlea] [Ear drum] [Auditory nerve] [Semicircular canals] [Ear ossicles]
`Q- Identify the following reaction as:
2Hcl(g) H2 + Cl2(g) ΔH0= 185 kJ
a- exothermic b- endothermic.c- mesothermic
Q- Complete the following table : Exothermic reaction Endothermic reactio
definition
examples
Chemical reaction
9.16.2 Construct and interpret an energy profile of a reaction .
Q-What do we call a reaction in which energy is given out ?a-exothermicb-endothermicc-mesothermic
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Q- Draw an energy diagram for endothermic& exothermic reaction
9.16.3.list the main sources of energy available to us and classify them as renewable and non renewable . Q-What is the name of the renewable energy resource generated from using volcanic heat found under the earth surface :
a- Geothermalb- solarc- wind
Q-Classify the following sources of energy at the table below :
Natural gas-solar –biomass-petroleum-wind-coal-water-geothermal-nuclear-fossil fuels
Renewable energy resources Non-renewable energy resources
9.16.4 Name the common fossil fuels and explain their origin .
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Q-Which is TRUE about fossil fuels?
a)oil and gas are formed from the decay of remains of dead land plants
b) the main chemical element in them is hydrogen
c) coal is formed from the remains of dead sea organisms
d) they are non-renewable sources of energy
Q-Explain how fossil fuels are formed ?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9.16.5 Know what chemical reactions take place when fuels burn.
Q- Energy resources that once used can not be replaced are called .
a-non renewableb-infinitec-renewable
Q-Describe two disadvantages of using fossil fuels .______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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9.16.6 Describe the different ways in which we can harness energy from the sun , either directly or indirectly through wind energy and hydropower .
Q-Which description matches hydroelectric power?
a)air flow driven by the sun
b)electrical energy directly from the sun
c) water stored behind a dam
d)mainly due to the movement of the moon
Q-Name three sources of energy that can be used to generate electricity , which of them is mostly used in Qatar ?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9.16.7 Know that plants and animals require energy to survive and that their source of energy is ultimately the sun .
Q-The drawing shows a plant called Tillandsia.
The leaves of this plant absorb light.Why do plants need light?
a)They need sunlight for photosynthesis
b)They feel cold without sunlight
c) They don’t need sunlight
d)Sun light make them look beautiful
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Q-Plants and animals require energy to survive and their source of energy is ultimately the sun . Explain.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
9.16.8 Explain how the sun was the source of energy now stored in fossil fuel . Q-Firewood and fossil fuels are both energy resources. What is the original source of this energy?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9.5.1: Distinguish between sexual and asexual reproduction; know that sexual reproduction is a major source of genetic variation in animals and plants, while a clone produced by asexual reproduction has the same genetic materials as its
parent and will be identical.
Q-What process produces offspring from a pinched-off part of the parent?a. regenerationb. buddingc. fragmentationd. sexual reproduction
Q-The diagram summarizes the way human sex chromosomes are inherited. Write the missing chromosome labels XX, X, XY or Y into the spaces below. A…… …………………….
B…… …………………….
C……… ………………….
D……… ………………….
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9.5.2: Know what is meant by mutation and that random mutations cause variation among members of the same group of organisms.
Q-Which of the following statements is true about Mutations? a- a change in the genetic material
b- always harmful c- can be induced by chemicals and radiation d- (a and c) are correct
Q-Sometimes mistakes happen when the DNA is being copied. These mistakes, or mutations, change the order of the bases in DNA. There are three kinds of mutations that can occur in DNA: deletion, insertion, and substitution.Below are two base sequences—an original sequences of bases in DNA and the
sequence of bases where a mutation has occurred. On the original base sequence, show where the mutation has occurred by circling the appropriate base pairs and write what type of mutation it is in the space provided.
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C G C G
C G C G
G C G C
T A T A
A T A T
A T A T
C G A T
A T T A
T A
Base sequence inoriginal cell DNA
Base sequence in acell with mutated DNA
9.5.3: Give examples of organisms that are adapted to live in various conditions, some of which change over time.
Q-How does adaptation help an organism? (5.3)a. It helps the organism change colors.b. It improves its ability to survive and reproduce.c. It improves its ability to change species.d. It helps the organism become a fossil.
Q-The drawings below show a stoat in summer and in winter.
stoat in summer stoat in winter
In winter the ground is often covered by snow or frost. During this part of the year a stoat’s fur is white.Suggest two ways its white coat helps a stoat to survive in the winter.
1-.____________________2-.____________________
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9.5.4: Explain the basic principle of genetic engineering and discuss some of the social and economic implications.Q-What is genetic engeering? A. Cutting the DNA code?B. Copying the DNA code? C. Changing the DNA code?D. None of aboveLook at the picture below and explain the steps of genetic engineering.
1.____________________2. .____________________3. .____________________4. .____________________
9.5.5: Know that evolution by natural selection is an explanation for the diversity of living organisms.Q-Which of the phrases best matches the phrase natural selection?
a. choosing characteristics you want to modify in the offspring by natural breeding
b. the 'blueprint' for the characteristics of offspringc. the greater survival of the organisms best adapted to their
habitat or environmentd. altering the information in genes before reproducing the
organism
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Q-Use the following terms to complete the concept map below:
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ancient mammals related adaptations separation fossils species DNA and traits whales
9.6.1: Explain how sex is inherited in humans
Q-The _______ pair of chromosomes is the sex hromosomesA.20th
B. 21st
C. 22nd
D. 23rd
Q-Study carefully the below karyotypes of human cells then answer the following questions.
How many pairs of chromosome present in male and female?___________________________________________________ How many chromosomes does a normal male or female have? ___________________________________________________ You have two copies of each chromosome,from where did you get them? ____________________________________________________ How the male and female karyotype are different?
____________________________________________________
9.6.2:Distinguish between genes and alleles and explain the mechanism of monohybrid inheritance where there are dominant and recessive alleles.
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E
Q-The tendency to form freckles in sunlight is genetically inherited. If Molly and Mark have freckles who might you predict to also have freckles in the 3rd generation?
a. Joey or Selenab. only Joeyc. neither Joey nor Selenad. only Selena
Q-The following diagram summarizes a genetic cross. Use the word from the box to identify A, B, C, D and E. Each word may be used once, more than once or not at all.
A_____________________________________
B_____________________________________C. _____________________________________
D_____________________________________………….……..…
E_____________________________________……………....
9.6.3:Know that a gene is a section of DNA.
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Offspring homozygous genotype, Parents’ genotype, dominant allel, recessive allel, offspring heterozygous genotype,
Q-In DNA molecules when one strand has a cytosine nitrogen base. The second strand must have:-A. Adenine B. Guanine C. ThymineD. Cytosine
What offspring are possible from 2 yellow pea plants (Yy x
Yy)?
Complete the table
Y y
Y
y
_________% yellow
_________% green
9.6.4: Explain how colour blindness, haemophilia, cystic fibrosis and Huntington’s chorea are inherited.
Q-Which genetic disorder is sex-linked?
a. Hemophilia b. Cystic Fibrosis c. Down Syndrome d. none of the above
Q-Huntington’s disease is a serious genetic disease that causes sudden jerky movements. It is caused by a dominant allele and
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usually only develops after the age of 40. This family tree shows how it has affected a family.
a. Using H to represent the dominant allele and h to represent the normal allele, give the genotype of Richard. Explain your reasoning.
c. Give the genotype of Glenn. Explain your reasoning.
c. What chance is there that Laurie also has Huntington’s disease? Give your answer as a percentage.
___________________________________________________
9.20.4: Explain the reflection of sound and light in terms of waves.
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Q-Sound and light reflect in:a. Equal anglesb. Sound reflects in equal angles while light reflects in different
anglesc. Light reflects in equal angles while sound does not reflectd. Different angles
Q-The diagram shows Jennifer standing 330 meters away from a big cliff. She has a powerful torch that she is pointing at the cliff and a starting pistol that fires blanks.Jennifer presses the ‘on’ switch on the torch. At exactly the same moment she fires the starting pistol. Jennifer hears the sound echoing back from the cliff. She also sees the torchlight reflecting back from the cliff.
i Which gets back to Jennifer first, the light or the sound?__________________________________________________
ii Explain why this happens.
_____________________________________________________
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9.20.8: Know how, in terms of the movement of particles, sound is transmitted through a medium and how the ear detects sounds.
Q-Which sentence about sound is correct?
a) Sound cannot travel through air.b) Sound cannot travel through stone.c) Sound cannot travel through a vacuum.
d) Sound cannot travel through water.
Q-The diagram shows part of an ear.
Sound waves enter the ear and make the ear drum vibrate.
(a) The pitch of the sound is increased. What difference will this make to the way the ear drum vibrates?
..............................................................................................
(b) The sound is made louder. What difference will this make to the way the ear drum vibrates?
..............................................................................................
(c) Explain how a person’s ear can be damaged by loud sounds...................................................................................................
9.20.9: Know that pitch is determined by the frequency of a sound and that amplitude is a measure of the loudness and is measured in decibels, which is a logarithmic scale.
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Q-Various sounds were recorded using a microphone and the signal displayed on an oscilloscope (CRO). Which sound wave was the largest volume? (20.9)
a. sound 2b. sound 4c. sound 3d. sound 1
Q-The diagrams below show the patterns made by four sound waves on an oscilloscope screen. (20.9)They are all drawn to the same scale.
Write the letter of the sound wave that matches each of the descriptions below.
(i) a loud sound with a low pitch .................
(ii) a quiet sound with a high pitch .................
(iii) a loud sound with a high pitch ................
9.20.10:Make an estimate of the velocity of sound in air
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Q-What is the speed of sound at room temperature?
A) 313 m/s B) 362 m/s C) 35 m/s D) 343 m/s
Q-.Study Table 1. Under what conditions is the speed of sound higher when it travels through air?___________________________________________________________________________________Q-.What is the effect of temperature on speed of sound?_______________________________________________________
___________
9.20.11:Know why sound travels faster and more efficiently through solids and liquids than through gases such as the air and list some common applications of this
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Q-Through which of the following will sound travel the slowest? a. pure liquidsb. solidsc. solutionsd. gases
Q-The speed of sound moving through different kinds of matter is shown in Figure 1. Study Figure and answer the questions
1. Look at Figure 1. What two substances does sound travel through fastest? What phase of matter are the substances?
………………………………………………………………………………2. Through which substance does sound travel most slowly?
………………………………………………………………………………
3. Through which liquid does sound travel fastest?
………………………………………………………………………………
4. Generalize about the speed at which sound travels through gases, liquids, and solids.……...…………………………………………………………………………9.17.1:Know that stars are grouped by gravitational attraction in galaxies, and that our Sun is a star in the Milky Way galaxy.
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Q-What is the name of our galaxy? a. Irregular galaxyb. Elliptical galaxy c. Milky way d. Barred galaxy
Q-Look at the diagram and write the name of each type of galaxy;
………… ……………… ……………… ……………
9.17.2 :Develop a concept of the size and number of stars and galaxies, thedistances between them, and the size of the Universe; know the size of the light-year.
Q-Which is the correct explanation about the milky galaxy? a. The diameter is 100 light year and have 10 million starsb. The diameter is 1,000 light year and have 100 million starsc. The diameter is 10,000 light year and have 10 billion starsd. The diameter is 100,000 light year and have 100 billion stars
Q: What is meant by a light year?
Q: If the light pass from the nearest star Alpha Centauri to reach the earth takes 4 light years how many kilometers does it take?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Neutron star
Red giant
Main sequence star
Proto-star
Supernova
9.17.3Show an understanding of how stars are created, that they are made mainly from the element hydrogen, and that their ultimate fate depends on their size and can lead to supernovae, white dwarfs, neutron stars (pulsars) or black holes.
Q-The star that forms from supernova is:a. White dwarfb. Black dwarfc. Neutron stard. Red giant
Q-Complete the life cycle of the star
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9.17.4 :Explain the process of element formation in stars.
Q- Nuclear fusion is the process happening in the stars to release energy ,it is a process by which :
a. Bigger elements split b. two or more atomic nuclei join togetherc. atomic bomb is formedd. atoms join to form compounds
Q: Complete the sequence below about the formation of elements in stars :
H+H………………→ He + He.………………→
C + C.……………… → Ne +Ne.……………… → O + O.………………→ Si + Si.………………→
Fe + Fe.………………→
9.17.6: Describe how planets are formed when a star attracts the remains of an older exploded star into a disc around it by gravitational attraction.
Q-According to our present theory of solar system formation, which of the following best explains why the solar nebula ended up with a disk shape as it collapsed?
a. It flattened as a natural consequence of collisions between particles in the nebula, changing random motions into more orderly ones
b. The law of conservation of energyc. It was fairly flat to begin with, and retained this flat shape as it
collapsed.d. The force of gravity pulled the material downward into a flat disk
.
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9.17.7: Explain why powerful telescopes allow us to look back in time to a period when the Universe was much younger than it is now.
Q-Powerful telescopes allow us to look back in time to a period when the Universe was much younger than it is now. Most successful telescope is:
a. Celestron Telescope c. Meade Telescope b. Stellarvue Telescope d. Hubble telescope
9.17.8 :Explain, in outline, the theory that all matter in the Universe was generated in a ‘big bang’ around 14 billion years ago, that the Universe has been expanding ever since, and that time and space also started with the ‘bigbang’.Q-One evidence of expanding universe is; (17.8)
a. Doppler effectb. Newton’s law of motionc. Gravitational attractiond. Nuclear fission
Q-Using these words, tell the story of how did the universe begin? Stars- Big Bang- galaxies- gases and dusts- universe- Nebulae
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