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Technical Talk on OHSAS 18001:An Introduction And Experience
Sharing
Thomas WONG
Certification OfficerSGS Hong Kong Limited
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An OHSAS 18001s extend of application
Depends on
OH&S policy Nature of activities
Complexities of activities
An organizations OH&S Management System
cannot simply be transferred
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An OHSAS 18001 system needs to cover
Organization employee (full-time and part time)
Subcontractor and suppliers
visitors
Organizations own equipment / facilities
Rented and borrowed equipment / facilities
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Several important definitions
Definition OHSAS18001Analogous toISO 9001s
Analogous toISO 14001s
Hazard()
Source or situation with a potentialfor harm in terms of human
injury orill health, damage in property,damage to the
workplaceenvironment, or a combination of
these
Customer
requirements
Environmental
aspects
Risk()Combination of the likelihood andconsequence of a
specified
hazardous event occurring
Environmental
impact
Risk assessment()
Overall process of estimating themagnitude of risk and
deciding
whether or not the risk is tolerableContract review EA
evaluation
Intolerable risk
()
Significantenvironmental
aspects
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Relations between clauses
Hazard IdentificationRisk Assessment
Policy
Objectives
ProgrammesProcedures
Monitoring
Audit
Corrective / Preventive Action
Review
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The OHSAS 18001 flow
Continual
Improvement
ContinualImprovement
PolicyPolicy
PlanningPlanning
ImplementationImplementation
Checking &
CorrectiveAction
Checking &
CorrectiveAction
ManagementReview
ManagementReview
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4.1 General requirements
The organization shall establish and maintain an OH&S
management system.
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4.2 Policy
Authorized by the top management
Appropriate to the nature and scale of theorganizations OH&S
risks
Include a commitment to continual improvement
Include a commitment to comply with applicableOH&S
legislations and other requirements
Documented, implemented and maintained
Communicated to all employees
Available to the public
Reviewed periodically
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4.3.1 Hazard identification, risk assessment
and risk control
Establish and maintain procedures for
Ongoing identification of hazards, assessment ofrisks and the
implementation of necessarycontrol measures
Includes: Routine and non-routine activities
All personnel having access to workplace
Facilities at the work place
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Types of hazard
Physical Physiological /psychological
Chemical behavioral
Biological
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Physical
Electricity: leakage, statics, sparks
Noise
Vibration
Radiation: x-ray,particle,particle, UV, laser
Fire Extreme high/low temperature
Dusts
Fall from heights
Ambient: lighting, ventilation, temperature, humidity
Signage: lack of, unclear, inappropriate
Signals: lack of, unclear, inappropriate
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Chemical and biological
Chemical
Toxic
Corrosive
Flammable /explosive
Biological
Bacteria / viruses
Epidemics
Poisonous flora andfauna
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Physiological / psychological / behavioral
Physiological /psychological
Manual handling
Ill health
Work in sensitive /taboo trade (e.g.funeral home)
Mental abnormalities
Physical handicap(color blind
deaf)
Behavioral
Errors in directing
Errors in operating
Errors in supervising
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What kind of hazards ???
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4.3.1 Hazard identification, risk assessment
and risk control
Methods for hazard identification and risk assessment
should:
Proactive Provide for classification of risks and
identification
Consistent with operating experience and the capabilities
of risk control measures employed Provide input into
determination of facility requirements
identification of training needs
Development of operational controls
Provide for monitoring of required actions
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4.3.2 Legal and other requirements
Establish and maintain procedure for
Identifying and accessing Applicable legal requirements
Applicable other requirements
Keep this information up-to-date
Communicate relevant information to employeesand other
interested parties
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4.3.3 Objectives
Establish and maintain OH&S objectives at eachrelevant
function and level
The following should be considered whenestablishing
objectives
Legal and other requirements Hazards and risks
Technological options
Financial, operational and business requirements
Views of interested parties
Consistent with OH&S policy
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4.3.4 OH&S management programs
Establish and maintain programs for achieving objectives
Shall include documentation of: Designated responsibilities and
authorities for achieving the
objectives
Means and time-scale for achieving the objectives
Shall be reviewed at regular and planned intervals.
Amended if there are changes to the activities andoperating
conditions
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4.4.1 Structure and responsibilities
Define, document and communicateresponsibilities and authorities
of personnel who
Manage
Perform
verify activities
having an effect on the OH&S risks
Top management has the ultimateresponsibilities
Top management should provide resources forimplementation,
control and improvement of
OH&S management system
Topmanagement
responsibilities
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4.4.1 Structure and responsibilities
Shall appoint a member of top management withparticular
responsibilities for ensuring OH&S
system is properly implemented and performed
The management appointee shall have definedroles,
responsibilities and authority for: Ensuring that OH&S system
requirements are
established, implemented and maintained inaccordance with this
Specification
Ensuring that reports on the OH&S system
performance are presented to the top management
All management shall demonstrate theircommitment to continual
improvement
Responsibilitiesof themanagement
appointee
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4.4.2 Training, awareness and competence
Personnel shall be competent to perform worksthat may impact on
OH&S
Competence is defined in terms of
Appropriate education
Training Experience
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4.4.2 Training, awareness and competence
Establish and maintain procedure to ensureemployees are aware of
Importance of conformance to
OH&S policy and procedure
The requirements of the OH&S management system
The OH&S consequence, actual or potential, of their
workactivities, and the OH&S benefits of improved
personnelperformance
Their roles and responsibilities in achievingconformance to
OH&S policy and procedures The requirements of the OH&S
management system
Emergency preparedness and response requirements
Potential consequence of departure from specified
operating procedure
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4.4.2 Training, awareness and competence
Training procedures shall take into accountdiffering levels
of
Responsibility, ability, and literacy
risk
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4.4.3 Consultation and communication
Have procedure for
Ensuring that pertinent OH&S information iscommunicated to
and from employees and otherinterested parties
Employee involvement and consultationsarrangements shall be
documented andinterested parties informed
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4.4.3 Consultation and communication
Employees shall:
Involved in development and review of policies andprocedures to
manage risks
Consulted where there are changes that affectworkplace health
and safety
Represented in OH&S matters Informed of who is their
employee OH&S
representative and specified management appointee
Safety is notjust the
responsibilitiesof the safety
officers
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4.4.4 Documentation
Establish and maintain information, in suitablemedium, that:
Describes the core elements of the OH&Smanagement system and
their interactions
Provides directions to related documentation
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4.4.5 Document and data control
Establish and maintain procedures for alldocuments and data
required by this
Specification to ensure that
They can be located
They are periodically reviewed, revised as necessary
and approved for adequacy by authorized personnel Current
versions of relevant documents and data are
available at all locations where these documents and
data are needed
Obsolete documents and data are promptly removed
Archival documents and data retained for legal or
knowledge preservation are suitably identified
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4.4.6 Operational control
Identify those operations and activities that areassociated with
identified risks where controlmeasures need to be applied
4.3.1
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4.4.6 Operational control
Plan these activities, including maintenance, in order toensure
that they are carried out under specified conditions
by: Establishing and maintaining documented procedures to
cover situations where their absence could lead to
deviationsfrom the OH&S policy and objectives
Stipulates operating criteriain the procedures
Establishing and maintaining procedures related to
identifiedOH&S risks of goods, equipment and services
purchasedand/or used, and communicating these procedures
tosuppliers and contractors
Establishing and maintaining procedures for design ofworkplace,
process, installations, machinery, operatingprocedures and work
organizations, including their adaptationto human capabilities, in
order to eliminate or reduce OH&Srisks
Control from
the source
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Control strategies
Risk avoidance
E.g.: re-design through engineering
Risk mitigation
E.g. permit-to-work
Reduce loss E.g. PPE
Risk transfer
E.g.: outsourced
Risk acceptance / awareness
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Examples of Operational Control
Procedures
Rules
Administrative controls
Licenses Permit-to-Work
Signages
Colour-coding
PPE
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Hierarchy of Controls
Design & Process ChangesDesign & Process Changes
Engineering ControlsEngineering Controls
Administrative & ProceduralAdministrative &
Procedural
ControlsControls
Safety EquipmentSafety Equipment
PPEPPE
EmergencyEmergency
ResponseResponse
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What kind of controls ???
4 4 7 Emergenc preparedness and
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4.4.7 Emergency preparedness andresponse
Establish and maintain plans and procedures
to identify potential for, and response to incidents
andemergency situations
For preventing and mitigating the likely illness andinjury that
may be associated with them
Review these plans and procedures, especiallyafter the
occurrence of incidents or emergencysituations
Test such plans and procedures wherepracticable
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4.5.1 Performance measurement and monitoring
Establish and maintain procedures to
Monitor and measure OH&S performance on a regular basis
These procedures shall provide for:
Both qualitative and quantitative measures
Monitoring of O&S objectives achievement
Proactive measures Monitor compliance with OH&S programs,
operational
criteria and applicable legal requirements
Reactive measures
Monitor accidents, ill health, incidents and other
historicalevidence of deficient OH&S performance
Recording of data and results of monitoring andmeasurement
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4.5.1 Performance measurement and monitoring
If monitoring equipment is required
Establish and maintain procedure for
Calibration and maintenance of such equipment
Retaining records of calibration and maintenance
4 5 2 Accidents incidents non conformance and
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4.5.2 Accidents, incidents, non-conformance andcorrective and
preventive action
Establish and maintain procedures for definingresponsibilities
and authority for Handling and investigation of
Accidents
Incidents
Non-conformances
Take actions to mitigate any consequences fromaccidents,
incidents or non-conformances
Initiation and completion of CPA
Confirmation of the effectiveness of CPA
These proceduresshall require All proposed CPA shall be reviewed
through risk
assessment prior to implementation
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Accident () Undesired event giving rise todeath, ill health,
injury,damage or other loss
Incident ()
Event that gave rise to an
accident or had the potentialto lead to an accident
[including near-miss ()]
4 5 2 Accidents incidents non conformance and
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4.5.2 Accidents, incidents, non-conformance andcorrective and
preventive action
Any CPA taken shall be appropriate to themagnitude of the
problems
Implement and record any changes in thedocumented procedures
resulting from the CPA
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4.5.3 Records and records management
Establish and maintain procedures for
Identification
Maintenance
Disposition
Of OH&S records, and audit results and reviews
OH&S records shall be Legible
Identifiable
Traceable
Readily retrievable
Protected against damage, deterioration or loss
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4.5.3 Records and records management
Retention times defined
Records shall be maintained, as appropriate tothe system and to
the organization, todemonstrate conformance to this OH&S
Specification.
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4.5.4 Audit
Establish and maintain an audit program andprocedures for
periodic OH&S management
system audits to be carried out, in order to:
Determine whether or not the system:
Conforms to planned arrangements, including this
SpecificationProperly implemented and maintained
Is effective in meeting the policy and objectives
Review the results of previous audits Provide information on the
results of audits to
management
4 5 4 A di
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4.5.4 Audit
The audit program shall be based on the resultsof risk
assessment, and the results of previous
audits
Audit procedure shall cover scope
frequency methodologies
competencies
Responsibilities and requirements for conducting auditsand
report results
Where possible, audits shall be conducted byindependent
personnel
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4.6 Management review
Top management shall, at determined intervals,review the
OH&S system to ensure its
Continuing suitability
Adequacy
Effectiveness
The review process shall ensure necessaryinformation is
collected to allow this evaluationbe carried out
The review is documented
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4.6 Management review
The review shall address the possible need forchanges to policy,
objectives and other elements
of the OH&S system, based on Audit results
Changing circumstances
Commitment to continual improvement
OHSAS 18001 tifi ti fl
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OHSAS 18001 certification flow
Questionnaire
Stage 1 auditOn-site pre-certification
Documentation
review
On-site stage 2 audit
1 to 2 months
OHSAS 18001 Trainings
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OHSAS 18001 Trainings
Lead auditor courses5 days
Detail standard requirements3rd party audit skillsFor: core
responsible staff and
internal auditors
Internal auditor courses2 days
Detail standard requirements1st party audit skillsFor: core
responsible staff andinternal auditors
Awareness1 day
Brief standard requirementsImportance of OHSAS 18001For: all
staffs
Local Contact
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Local Contact
If YOU are interested in our services, please feel free tosend
any enquiry to us
Hotline : (852) 2765 3620
Fax : (852) 2333 2257
e-mail : [email protected]
Web : www.hk.sgs.com
