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OIL INDIA & ONGC
Process and Application Detail
By Achyut Krishna Das
SFE, Guwahati
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
EXPLORING OF PETROLEUM
• Knowing that petroleum traps exist , and pinpointing traps far below the earth’s surface are two different aspects of exploration.
• Many methods have been used to locate petroleum traps, but the most important methods are aerial surveying, geological exploration, geophysical (seismic) exploration and exploratory drilling.
AERIAL AND SATELLITE
• Survey from high altitudes give a broad picture of a geographic area of interest. Major surface structures such as anticlines and faulted regions can be clearly observed by these methods.
• Modern aerial and satellite surveying is more sophisticated allowing a number of features to be evaluated, including thermal anomalies, density variations, mineral composition, oil seepage and many others.
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
SURFACE GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION
Observations by trained geologists of rock outcrops (where subsurface layers reach the surface), road cuts and canyon walls can identify lithology and assess the potential for hydrocarbon source rocks, reservoir-quality rocks and trapping mechanisms in an area
GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION
Sensitive equipment and analytical techniques made geophysicists learn a great deal about the subsurface. Chief among these techniques is seismic exploration in which shock waves, generated at the surface and aimed downwards, are reflected back to the surface as echoes off the strata below. Because rocks of varying density and hardness reflect the shock waves at different rates of speed, the seismologist can determine depth, thickness and type of rock by precisely recording the variances in the time it takes the waves to arrive back at the surface.
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
Geophysical Methods
• Electrical Method• EM Method • Gravity Method• Magnetic Method• Seismic Method
Refraction MethodReflection Method
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
EM METHOD
ELECTRICAL METHOD
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
REFRACTION METHOD
REFLECTION METHOD
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
MODERN 2D/3D SEISMIC SURVEY:
• DATA ACQUISITION• DATA INTERPRETATION• DATA ANALYSIS
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
Drilling Methods
Cable tool drilling Rotary drilling
Drilling for petroleum
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
Rotary Drilling Rig
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
Hoisting System: Crown block,Monkey board,Travellingblock,Hook,Drawworks,Substructure,Drilling line
Rotating Equipments: Swivel,Kelly,Kelly bushing,Rotary table
Power System: Generators Well-Control Equipments: Annular BOP,Ram
BOP,Accumulator unit,Choke manifold,Mud-Gas separator
Components of a Rig
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
Pipe and pipe handling equipments: Pipe racks,Catwalk,V-door,Rathole
Miscellaneous: Doghouse,Cellar,Hoisting line,Gin pole
Circulating system:Mud pits,Mud pumps,Standpipe,Rotary hose,Bulk mud storage,Mud return line,Shale shaker,Desilter,Desander,Degasser, Reserve pits
Components of a Rig
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
Bit
Drill collars and bottom hole assemblies
Drill pipe
Drill String Components
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
Drill string components
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
Open hole completion Gun perforated completion
Well Completion
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
Liner completion Gravel packed completion
Well Completion
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
STRAIGHT S-BEND J-BEND HORIZONTAL
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
Drilling is done by applying rotational and downward force to the drill bit
Mud is pumped in through the drill string and passes to the annulus through bit nozzles. Thereafter it flows up and come back to the surface.
Drilling mud lubricate and cool the bit. It lift the cuttings from the bottom of the hole and carry it to the surface.
Rate of penetration depends upon formation and drilling parameters.
Drilling parameters are- RPM, WOB and GPM
RPM and WOB depend on type of formation, bit , BHA and type of operation.GPM depends on size of hole, type of operation and mud hydraulics optimization
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
What are different stages of Drilling ?
The different stages of Drilling are :-
CONDUCTOR ISOLATION OIL STRING
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
12¼” Hole
13.3/8” Csg
9.5/8”Csg
8½”Hole
5½”Csg
17½”Hole
2⅞”Tubing
CONDUCTOR
ISOLATION
OIL STRING
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
WELL HEAD HOOK-UP
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
Casing and liner Cementing Mud logging Coring and core analysis Drill-stem and formation-interval
testing Wireline logging Directional drilling
Other Operations
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
Stabilizer
Wear Out Area
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
Build Up byDrilltec 8800
Fishing Tools
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
Roller cone bits
Drill Bits
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
Diamond and PDC bits
Drill Bits
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
MUD PUMP PONY ROD
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
Oil Piston
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
Job- Mendral Base Metal- SS 4145
Achyut krishna Das, Guwahati
Volume Bottle
Crack Area
Cross Head
Wear Out Area
Modulating Valve
Damage Area