Oilphase-DBR (Fluid Sampling and Analysis) [Modo de compatibilidad].pdf

7/22/2019 Oilphase-DBR (Fluid Sampling and Analysis) [Modo de compatibilidad].pdf

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Introduction to Fluid Sampling & Analysis

Chris Batzer

Europe Learning Center

November, 2009


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2009 Schlumberger. All rights reserved. (09-TS-0149 template)

An asterisk is used throughout this presentation to denote a mark ofSchlumberger. Other company, product, and service names are the propertiesof their respective owners.


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Course Objectives / Contents

Introduction to Fluid Sampling & Analysis

Why do we sample? Where does it fit in the big picture?

Introduction to PVT MeasurementsIntroduction to PVT Sampling

Sampling Technology / Equipment

Summary of Wellsite Fluid Analyses


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Fluid PropertiesConsultancy

ProjectManagement

EOSModelling

PVTLaboratoryAnalysis

HP/HTIOR

Solids

RoutinePVT

MDTTransfers

Products

PVT Software

PVT Equipment

Wellsite Analysis

PVT

Chemistry &Trace Element

SurfaceSampling

Separator

IsokineticDeadCrude

Sampling&

Analysis Sampling

OpenHole

CasedHole

Bottomhole

Wellsite ServicesOnshore Services


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Who are Oilphase? 1989 - Formed in Aberdeen servicing the North Sea

1996 - Acquired by Schlumberger

SLBs previous PVT labs merged into Oilphase

2002 - Acquired DBR Group of Companies (mainly fluid analysis business, next slide)

Major Technology Developments:

- 1989 Conventional and Single-phase Sample bottles- 1990 SRS Slickline conveyed Single-phase sampler

- 1998 SPMC Single-phase sampling with Wirelines MDT

- 1999 SCAR DST Sampler Carrier

- 2003 PVT Express onsite PVT Analysis- 2006 CPS Compact Production Sampler

- 2008 PhaseSampler Vx (MPFM) Sampling probe

- 2009 RealView (OSDC)


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Who are DBR ? Company formed by Dr. Donald B. Robinson in 1980

Located Edmonton & Houston (prior to acquisition)

Well respected in Reservoir Fluid community

Vast knowledge and experience (i.e. Peng-Robinson Equation)

Services: - Laboratory PVT and advanced fluids /solidsstudies

- Manufacture HT/HP Mercury free PVT equipment

- PVT software design- Research & Development


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Our Vision - From Reservoir to Results

To be recognised as the market leader in reservoir fluid sampling

and analysis by offering outstanding service and differentiatingtechnology

To combine our phase behaviour and sampling skills to provide

our clients with solutions where others offer data


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Fluid Sampling & Analysis TrainingOilphase-DBR Field Specialists / Engineers are trained in :

Open-Hole (WFT) Bottomhole Sampling

Cased-Hole (DST) Bottomhole Sampling

Surface and Wellhead Sampling Dangerous Goods (Air / Sea)

Reservoir Fluid Phase Behaviour

PVT Lab & Compositional Analysis PVT Express (wellsite analysis)

H2S, CO2, Hg, Rn, etc. in Gas stream

, , emulsions (H2O-in-oil) in Oil stream

Water chemistry techniques (oil-in-H2O),

anion/cation comp, cond., pH, etc.

Xpert Fluid Sampling

Xpert Fluid Analysis

Xpert Wellsite Chemistry


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Why Do We Sample?

Fluid property data is needed to:

Help describe the reservoir

Predict reservoir fluid behavior

Assist in development planning

Assess the environmental impact Evaluate economic potential


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The Big Picture

Obtaining accurate PVT and fluid property data an important

component of well testing campaign

Data must be representative of the reservoir fluid

Quality of the data is highly dependent on the quality of the

samples


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When Do We Need to Sample?

As early in the life of the reservoir as possible

Before depletion below saturation pressure has occurred

Why? For oil gas breaks out

For gas liquid drops out

* The GOR and compositions need to be representative of the true reservoir fluid.


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Sample Quality

Sample Quality is dependent on:

The reservoir (timing)

Well conditioning

Sampling methods, equipment & operating procedures


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Where Should We Sample From?

Downhole, as close to the formation as possible, wherever

reservoir and well conditions permit


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Introduction to PVT Measurements


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What Is PVT Analysis?

The study of reservoir fluid samples under varying conditions of

Pressure(p), Volume(V) and Temperature(T)

Temperature is normally held constant at reservoir temperature

Pressure and Volume are varied

Measurement of:

- physical properties

- composition


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P-T Diagram of a Low Shrinkage Oil

InitialReservoirConditions

(Pi, Ti)

BubblePoint at Tres

MPFM (Vx)Conditions

Separatorconditions

TankConditions


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Flowchart For Laboratory Process

BHS,WHS

Surfaceliquid

composition

Surfacegas

validation

gas volatile oil black oil

CCE

CVD DL

lab separator tests

recombination

reservoir fluid sample

CVD or DL


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Sample Validation (Quality Check)

Separator SamplesGas Sample

- Composition (including air content)

- Opening pressureOil Sample

- Bubble Point

- GOR

- Composition

- Opening pressure

Oil and Gas composition are recombined mathematically (using the separator GOR) to give

reservoir fluid composition (exceptions for saturated reservoirs).

Note: If the samples contain water, this would be removed as part of the validation check.


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Sample Validation (Quality Check)

Monophasic Samples

Bubble Point (Pb)

- Compare to flowing or sampling pressure

- 3 samples compared

- Pb should be less than sampling pressure

Opening Pressure

- Compare to sample data sheet

Sample Flash

- GOR- Compositions

- 3 samples compared


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Factors Affecting Technique Choice

Type of analysis to be conducted

Volume required for analysis

Quality of results required

Type of fluid to be sampled

Surface facilities & well completion Environmental Concerns


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Sampling & Analysis Technology


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Si l h S li


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Single-phase Sampling


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MDT C i ti With R i


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MDT Communication With Reservoir


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Cased Hole Sampling Equipment

Typical Well Test SequenceTypical Well Test SequenceTypical Well Test SequenceTypical Well Test Sequence


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Ph

P

T

Initialflow5 min Initial

S.I.1 hr

Clean up(adj.choke)gradually to64/64th

Determination of thebest choke (no depletion)

1st flow, 32/64th

2nd flow64/64th

Fixed choke

Thru separator

Final S.I.For pressure

Build-up

SurfaceSampling

Flow on 8/64th

(BHS + SS)

POOH

Atsurface

0

Typical Well Test SequenceTypical Well Test SequenceTypical Well Test SequenceTypical Well Test Sequence

Kill well

SurfaceSampling

Wireline/Slickline vs DST Conveyed Sampling


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Wireline/Slickline vs DST Conveyed Sampling

SRS Single phase Reservoir Sampler


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SRS - Single-phase Reservoir Sampler

Downhole tool for Cased Hole sampling

Nitrogen Compensation

Conveyed by Slickline, Wireline, Sampler Carrier, etc.

Specifications:

Sample Volume = 600cc

Length = 13ft 7 / 4.14m

OD = 1.75 MWP = 15,000 psig

MWT = 200C

Sour Service


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CPS - Compact Production Sampler


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CPS Compact Production Sampler

The CPS is electrically actuated andcan be integrated into anySchlumberger production logging

operation.

Specifications:Specifications:Specifications:Specifications:

Sample Volume = 100cc

MWP = 10,000 psig

MWT = 150C

Sour Service


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Slim-Line Sampler (SLS)


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Slim Line Sampler (SLS)

Smaller ID version of the SRStool to run inside the SCAR-B orSCAR-H to help maintain aconcentric tubing ID.

Sample Chamber = 300 cc

Rupture disc or IRIS operated

MWP = 15,000 psig

MWT = 177 C

OD = 1.2 inch

Sour Service

SCAR Applications


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SCAR Applications

HP/HT wells, H2S wells and Deepwater To avoid a high-pressure Wireline rig-up, avoid the release of H2S during Wireline rig-up and avoid

Wireline in the hole during an emergency subsea disconnection

Heavy oil wells To avoid the difficulty of running samplers in high viscosity fluids

Reservoirs close to saturation pressure

To avoid costly wireline intervention where there is uncertainty about the well flowing conditions andconsequently some risk of not collecting representative samples

Sampling with well shut it

Environmental Concerns Non-emission testing

To avoid hydrocarbon flow to surface

SCAR Sampler Activation


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Rupture Disc Trigger (RDT)Applications

Simple DST strings

PVT sampling at a single flow rate or limited numberintervals

IRIS Fired Sample Module (IFSM)

Applications

Casing pressure limitations

PVT sampling at various flow rates

Complex DSTs with numerous pressure-operated

downhole tools

Typical IRIS Pressure Pulse Command


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0 1 2 3 4 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

0

6 0 0

5 0 0 0

4 4 0 0

Appliedp u m p

pressure

(psi)

Pressureseen by

tool(psi)

Pulse Dow nh ole

Pulse a t sur fa ce

Tim e (m in)

Time (min)

yp

Separator Sampling


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p p g

Three(3) phase separation

Phases in equilibrium at separator conditions (P&T)

Oil & Gas recombined in PVT Lab at Sep. GOR

Sampling Points


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p g

Separator Demister

Gas Outlet

Oil Production Line

Oil Dump Valve

Water Production Line Water Dump Valve

Orifice Plate

Meter Run

Oil SampleOil SampleOil SampleOil Sample : Start of Oil line, upstream of the meters OR the manifold at the bottom

of the oil-gas sight glass.

Gas SampleGas SampleGas SampleGas Sample : Highest point on gas line, closest to the outlet OR on the verticalsection of gas line, w/ pitot tube inserted to the middle of the pipe.


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Sample Bottles

Conventional Sample Bottle (CSB)


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p ( )

Positive Displacement Operation Sample Agitation Ring

Mercury (Hg) Free

Valves Incorporated in End caps

Minimal Dead Volume

Used for Separator Oil Samples

Specifications: Volume = 700 cc (600 cc max sample)

MWP = 10,000 - 15,000 psig

MWT = 200C

Sour Service DOT & TC approved

Single-phase Sample Bottle (SSB)


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g p p ( )

Same sample chamber as CSB Transport of Single Phase samples without pressure drop

60cc Nitrogen Gas Cap

Specifications

700cc Sample Chamber (600cc max sample)

120cc Nitrogen Chamber

MWP = 10,000 25,000 psig

MWT = 200C

Sour Service

DOT & TC Approved

Gas Sample Bottle (GSB)


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p ( )

Manufactured by Luxfer

Made from Aluminium

Vacuumed to 1mbar

Specifications:

Volume = 20 Ltr

MWP = 2,900 psi @ 60C Sour Service

Dead Oil and Water Sampling


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p g

Only use UN approved drums, cans and bottles

Oil Metal containers

Water plastic or glass containers

Transportation of Samples


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Pressurised samples are only to be transported in Sample Bottles All bottles must have valid 5 year Pressure Certification

All bottles must be approved for the country of destination and for the type of fluid

e.g. DOT for USA

TC for Canada

ALL Dangerous Goods must be declared for Air, Sea and Land transport

To ensure that all the transportation chain know what dangerous goods they aretransporting

So they know to properly load and handle them

So they know what to do if an incident or accident occurs either in-flight, at sea oron the ground.

Wellsite Analysis Services


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pVT Analysis (PVT Express), see other presentations for more detail. OBM contamination (PVT Express, GC or FFA)

H2S in Liquid and Gas (UOP 212-77)

Mercury in gas (Sir Galahad)

Radon in gas analysis

Water Analysis (pH, Chloride, alkalinity, cations, anions, etc.)


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Oilphase-DBR (Fluid Sampling and Analysis) [Modo de compatibilidad].pdf