Okazumi. 2008. Japan CC strategy for water disaster ppt

Adaptation Strategyfor Climate Change in Japan - Toward Water-disaster Adaptive society -

September 22, 2008

Toshio OkazumiDirector for International Water Management Coordination

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and TourismGovernment of Japan

Tone River

Japan is vulnerable to climate change 1. Present conditions and issues

TokyoStation

UenoStation

Ayase

River

ShinnakaRiver

Old E

do River

Ara

River

Kanda River

Shibuya RiverMeguro River

IkebukuroStation

ShinjukuStation

ShibuyaStation

Sumida River

KameidoStation

KinsicyoStation

Yodo RiverOsaka Castle

Osaka Station

Shin-Osaka Station

Tennouji Station

Neya River

HiranoRiver

Kanzaki RiverAmagasaki

Station

Kanto RegionKinki Region

Elevation

3m – 4m1m – 3m0m – 1m

-1m – 0m-1m –Water Area

Elevation

3m – 4m1m – 3m0m – 1m

-1m – 0m-1m –Water Area

About 50% of populationand about 75% of property on about 10% of land lower than water levels in rivers during flooding

2008 Floods in Japan 1. Present conditions and issues

Break Point

Amount rainfall per hourAmount rainfall per hour

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

雨量

largest-ever amount rainfall per hour

(146mm/h)

2008.7.28 Floods in Hyogo Pref. 2008.8.29 Floods in Aichi Pref.

Rapid water level rise of 134cm in 10 minutes

Increase of torrential rain

0

100

200

300

1. Number of instances of 5050 mm or more rain in an hour

2. Number of instances of 100100 mm or more rain in an hour

1976 ‘77 ‘78 ‘79 ‘80 ‘81 ‘82 ‘83 ‘84 ‘85 ‘86 ‘87 ‘88 ’89 ‘90 ‘91 ‘92 ‘93 ‘94 ‘95 ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03

1996~2005

AverageAverage 228888 instancesinstancesAverageAverage 234234 instancesinstances

1986~1995

AverageAverage 209209 instancesinstances

1976~1985

(instances/year)

0

5

10

1976 ‘77 ‘78 ‘79 ‘80 ‘81 ‘82 ‘83 ‘84 ‘85 ‘86 ‘87 ‘88 ‘89 ‘90 ‘91 ‘92 ‘93 ‘94 ‘95 ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03

1996~2005AverageAverage 4.74.7 instancesinstances

AverageAverage 2.2 2.2 instancesinstances

1986~1995

AverageAverage 22..22 instancesinstances

1976~1985

‘04

500

Annual total of hourly rainfall instances(from approx. 1,300 AMeDAS locations across Japan)

400

‘04 ‘05

‘05

Data from the materials prepared by the Meteorological Agency

(instances/year)

1. Present conditions and issues

Mechanism of global warming and climate change Large volumes of greenhouse gas emissions cause CO2 concentration in the air to rise and increase heat

absorption, resulting in temperature rise. Thus, global warming occurs.

Increase of precipitation by a

factor of 1.1 to 1.3*

Change in snow accumulation condition

Thermal expansion of sea water

Change in evapotranspiration

Melting of glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets

More intense typhoons

More frequent high tides and coastal erosions

More frequent high tides and coastal erosions

Increase of river flow rate

More frequent floods

More frequent floods

More serious debris flowMore serious debris flow Higher risk of droughtHigher risk of drought

Earlier snow melt and reduction of

discharge

Change in water use pattern

More frequent heavy rains and droughts

2. Impacts of climate change

Sea level rise (Maximum rise: 59 cm)

Estimation of increased rainfall in region

1.07 Kyushu⑪

1.11 Southern Shikoku⑩

1.10 Setouchi⑨

1.11 San-in⑧

1.13 Southern Kii⑦

1.07 Kinki⑥

1.06 Chubu⑤

1.14 Hokuriku④

1.11 Kanto③

1.22 Tohoku②

1.24 Hokkaido①

①

②

③

④

⑤

⑥

⑦

⑧

⑨

⑩

⑪

①

②

③

④

⑤⑥

⑦

⑧

⑨

⑩

⑪

Future rainfall amounts were projected as a median value in each region of

Average rainfall in 2080-2099 periodAverage rainfall in 1979-1998 period

The above equation was obtained based on the maximum daily precipitation in the year at each survey point identified in GCM20 (A1B scenario).

1.20～1.25

1.15～1.20

1.10～1.15

1.05～1.10

1.00～1.05

Legend


1/100

1/45

1/221/12

1/6

1/150

1/70

1/40

1/23

1/10

1/200

1/100

1/55

1/35

1/15

1/60

1/351/23

1/12

1/1001/80

1/601/35

1

10

100

1000

現計画 1.1倍 1.2倍 1.3倍 1.5倍現計画 1.1倍 1.2倍 1.3倍 1.5倍現計画 1.1倍 1.2倍 1.3倍 1.5倍

治水

安全

度

最大

最小

Impacts of precipitation 100 years from now on safety against flood

Impacts of precipitation 100 years from now on safety against flood

The safety designated in the present plan would substantially deteriorate based on the assumption of projected precipitation 100 years from now.

More frequent inundation and flooding

1/

1/

1/

Highest

Lowest

Safety in present plan: 1/100 Safety in present plan: 1/200Safety in present plan: 1/150

Precipitation 100 years from now is projected to be about 1.1 to 1.3 times the present level. The highest projection may be 1.5 times.

Present plan

Safe

ty

1.1 times 1.2 times 1.3 times 1.5 times Present plan 1.1 times 1.2 times 1.3 times 1.5 times Present plan 1.1 times 1.2 times 1.3 times 1.5 times


計画降雨量の増加と基本高水のピーク流量の変化

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 140% 160% 180%

嘉瀬川

（九州）

那賀川

（四国）

太田川

（中国）

紀の川

（近畿）

雲出川

（中部）

黒部川

（北陸）

利根川

（関東）

北上川

（東北）

石狩川

(北海道）

Estimations of future rainfall are about ×1.1 ～×1.5 compare to current rainfall. Peak runoff will be estimated about ×1.1 ～×1.7 compare to current peak runoff in 9 major rivers.

×1.0 ×1.1 ×1.2

Design Level１／１５０

１／１５０

１／２００

１／１００

１／１００

１／１５０

１／２００

１／１００

１／１００

Basin Area12,697ｋｍ2

7,070ｋｍ2

5,114ｋｍ2

667ｋｍ2

541ｋｍ2

1,574ｋｍ2

1,505ｋｍ2

765ｋｍ2

225.5ｋｍ2

Peak Runoff of Design Flood18,000 m3／s

13,600 m3／s

About 21,000 m3／s(Calculated by 1/200)

7,200 m3／s

8,000 m3／s

16,000 m3／s

12,000 m3／s

11,200 m3／s

3,400 m3／s

20,500

15,700

23,600

8,100

9,000

17,600

13,100

12,800

3,800

23,000

17,800

25,900

8,900

9,900

19,700

14,700

14,500

4,100

25,600

19,900

27,900

9,700

10,900

21,600

16,300

16,100

4,500

30,700

24,000

31,800

11,300

12,800

25,400

19,400

19,300

5,300

×1.3 ×1.5

Ishikari Riv.(Hokkaido)

Kitakami Riv.(Tohoku)

Tone Riv.(Kanto)

Kurobe Riv.(Hokuriku)

Izumo Riv.(Cyubu)

Kinokawa Riv.(Kinki)

Oota Riv.(Cyugoku)

Naga Riv.(Shikoku)

Kase Riv.(Kyusyu)

Design Rainfall

Changes of peak runoff by future rainfall 2. Impacts of climate change

Frequent and more serious droughts: Deterioration of safety against droughts

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

S21 S26 S31 S36 S41 S46 S51 S56 S61 H3 H8 H13

年降水量(㎜/年)

▲Year of drought

Trend Average

Design water supply Possible stable supply (February 20)

Worst drought in recent years(1994)

■There has been a smaller rainfall amount in recent years and the range of variation has been lower than in the late 1940s through the late 1960s when dams and other facilities were constructed.

■As a result, stable water supply using dams has been decreasing.Example in the Kiso River system

◇In recent years (in 1979 through 1998): Reduction of water supply below the design level by about 40%

◇Worst drought in recent years (1994): Reduction of water supply below the design level by about 70%

Annual precipitation (mm/year)

Dam and other facilities

Reduction by about 40%Reduction by about 70%

1946 1951 1956 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001


More frequent and serious droughts

Comparison between present water volume and predicted water volume after 100 years shows decrease in most area in March - June

Comparison between present conditions(1979 to 1998) and future rainfall(2080 to 2099) in Class A river

Source: Water Resources in Japan 2007, Land and Water Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport

Legend

Spring (March through June)Spring (March through June)

Future water volume/present water volume ≧ 1.4

1.2 ≦ Future water volume/present water volume < 1.4



Future water volume/present water volume < 0.8

Reduction of river flow in the periods requiring irrigation water,

e.g. during the surface soil puddling in paddy fields, may be

deteriorated to water use for rice farming.


Water volume means the sum of snowfall and rainfall reaching to the earth’s surface.

Frequent and more serious droughts

Source: Water Resources in Japan 2007, Land and Water Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

10月 1日 11月 1日 12月 1日 1月 1日 2月 1日 3月 1日 4月 1日 5月 1日

積雪深

平均

将来

cm ）

Change in snow cover in 100 years' time due to further global warming (Fujiwara)

Change in snow cover in 100 years' time due to further global warming (Fujiwara)

In the upper Tone River, snow cover is likely to decrease considerably.That will accompany the reduction of river flow rate in the snow melt season or in early spring.

*Prepared by Water Resources Department, Water and Land Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport based on Regional Climatic Model (RCM) 20, a global warming prediction model, developed by Japan Meteorological Agency.

AverageFuture

March 1October 1 November 1 December 1 January 1 February 1 April 1 May 1

Release of reservoir water not contributing to effective water useWhere the reservoir is full, released water is not used effectively.

現況将来

Surface soil puddling period

Riv

er fl

ow (m

3 /se

c)

(ii) Reduction of river flow rate due to reduction of the amount of snowfall

With global warming,(i) earlier snow melt and (ii) reduction of snowfall induce changes in river flow rate, and(iii) earlier surface soil puddling in paddy fields is expected to cause the annual water demand pattern to change and to have serious impacts on water use.

(i) Earlier discharge due to earlier snow melt

January JulyApril October

(iii) Insufficient river flow even when the surface puddling starts earlier (requiring large amounts of irrigation water)

Reduction of river flow during the surface soil puddling in paddy fields

Snow

cov

er (c

m)

Future Present


Increases of below-sea-level areas in three large bay areas(Tokyo Bay, Ise Bay and Osaka Bay)

*Prepared by the River Bureau based on the national land-use digital information.*Shown are the areas at elevations lower than sea level shown in a three-dimensional mesh (1 km x 1

km). Total area and population are based on three-dimensional data.*No areas of surfaces of rivers or lakes are included.*A premium of 60% is applied to the potential flood risk area and to the population vulnerable to flood risk

in the case with a one-meter rise of sea level.

Areas with flood risks due to high tides will increase.

Impacts of sea level rise

Ise Bay

Kawagoemachi to Tohkai City

Osaka Bay

Ashiya City to Osaka City

Tokyo Bay

Yokohoma City to Chiba City

Ise Bay

Kawagoemachi to Tohkai City

Osaka Bay

Ashiya City to Osaka City

Tokyo Bay

Yokohoma City to Chiba City

593

879海面上昇後

１．５404人口（万人）

１．５577面積（k㎡）

倍率現状

5.76

861海面上昇後

１．５3.88人口（万人）

１．５559面積（k㎡）

倍率現状Present After sea level riseRate of increase

Area (km2)

Population (Million)


Basic concept of adaptation strategies 3.Adaptation measures for climate change

Climate change due to global warming is expected to induce the following phenomena in coastal and low-lying areas.-More frequent heavy rains and more intense typhoons

Frequent and serious flood and sediment disasters-Sea level rise and more intense typhoons

Frequent and serious high tides and coastal erosions-Wider range of variation of rainfall intensity and change of river flow regime

Frequent and serious droughts

Basic concept for Future ideal society

Basic direction of climate change adaptation strategies

Combining mitigation and adaptation aiming at ‘’ Water -disaster adaptation society’’

1. Adaptation measures to achieve “Zero casualty" should be considered because ‘’Zero damage’’ from disasters is difficult.

2. In a nerve center like the Tokyo metropolitan area, intensive efforts should be made such as preventing from ceasing national function

1/150 1/150

1/70

1/401/20

Comprehensive flood control measures

Present Future （For example, after 100 years）

Multiple measures for increasing in riskRed figures indicate present degree of safety against flood.

Blue figures indicate future degree of safety against flood.

Degree of Degree of safety against safety against

flood flood presently presently aimed ataimed at

Degree of Degree of safety against safety against

flood flood presently presently securedsecured

1/20Degree of safety Degree of safety

against flood against flood currently aimed at in currently aimed at in

100 years' time100 years' time

Deterioration of the Deterioration of the degree of safety against degree of safety against flood currently securedflood currently secured

Degree of safety against Degree of safety against flood presently aimed at flood presently aimed at would deteriorate with would deteriorate with

future increase of future increase of precipitation.precipitation.

Adaptation measures based on regional development through such actions as restrictions on and review of land use

Degree of Degree of safety against safety against flood aimed atflood aimed at

Degree of Degree of safety against safety against flood securedflood secured

Adaptation by Structural measures

Reconfiguration of river improvement

for increasing external force

Image of flood disaster adaptation measures

3.Adaptation measures for climate change

Process of effective and efficient adaptation program

①Review of past flood

②Runoff analysis and flood analysis

③Categorize flooding pattern in each category

⑤Consider effective and efficient adaptation measures ②Runoff analysis and flood analysis

入間台地

③-1 Categorize flooding patterns

③-2Devide flooding patterns into blocks by land features and river

④Description of disaster risk into Risk Map by blocks

ＢＡ

Ｃ

ＥＤ

Ｆ

Index of potentialvictims In

cre

asing R

isks

Ex. Prediction of victims

防災ステーション

堤防補強

排水ポンプ

新設する道路盛土

⑤Consider effective and efficient adaptation measures

Confirmation effectiveness of adaptation

①

②

③④

⑤

⑥

④Calculate damage and effect

Ｐ

Ｐ

ST

ＡＡＢＢ

ＣＣ

ＤＤＥＥ

ＦＦ

Index of potentialvictims In

cre

asing R

isks

bank strengthening

disaster prevention station

drainage pump

New road embankment

Road

Riveretc

Segmentalize flooding patterns of ②


対策後対策後

Ｆｌｏｏｄｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ（Dａｍ）

ＨｉｇｈｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｅｍｂａｎｋｍｅｎｔsUnderground discharging Channel

貯留水位

usual

flooded

Permeable pavement

透水性舗装

trench雨水浸透ます

inlet

Infiltration trench and inlet

Improvement of the reliability of structures, full and long-life utilization of existing structures

Storage facilitiesConstructing new structures

Adaptation by using structures 3.Adaptation measures for climate change

Floodwater control with secondary levees to prevent expansion of a damaged area

R346

Naruse

river →

Mitigating flood damage at city center

Tohoku Railway

山王江排水路

Actual flooded area in Aug. 1986

Secondary levee

flooding

flooding← Yoshida

river

In-service leg of R346’s bypass

←Yoshida riverNaruse

river→

Toh

oku R

ai lwayResidential area

R3

46

Dyke break p o i n t

flooding

flooding

Lifesaving from helicopter

Yoshida Riv.

Flow from break

Inundation due to the Aug. 1986 flood Expected effect of secondary levee

After completion

Due to 4 break points, 3,060ha was flooded, 1,510 houses were flooded above the floor level, and some parts of the area stayed under water up to 12 days.

This secondary levee is under construction in coordination with road construction.

Structure construction in river basins:floodwater control with secondary levees


A new concept for urban development：Compact community easier to implement flood control measures

Source: Committee on compact city in Tohoku region

Source: Committee on compact city in Tohoku region

Compactly-built residences provide better energy efficiency and easier environment for flood control projects

Hakojima retarding basin (constructed in 1990)

イメージイメージ

Conceptual figure of compact city for present small and medium cities in Tohoku region

Present city

Disorderly-spread city

Compact city harmoniously surrounded by nature

Green and Agricultural area with residences

Urban area where people can reside and make a living

Suburb area wherepeople can enjoy

affluent life

Future picture

Suburb

Urbancenter

Green area

Toward sustainable citiesSocial sustainability Environmental sustainability Economic sustainability

Principles

Safe, secure, & comfortable city

Attractive & lively city

Artistic city with full of history, cultures

and nature

Sound city with collaboration & participation

Concept Directions

Guarantee safe, secure & prosperous livelihood

Provide convenient transportation services

Revive the city center and reallocate public facilities

Maintain and conserve local communities

Curb city expansion & maintain/conserve green agricultural areas

Promote artistic & environmentally-friendly community development

Provide efficient & effective public services

Urban centerSuburb

Green areaForest

Agri fieldRural Settlement

Com

pact city in harmony w

ith nature


Kokai River

Oya River Houses relocated to this area

Pond

Response to floods that cannot be dealt with by facility-based measures, through land use or community development allowing inundation.

Shift to land use or ways of living that minimize damage

River improvement for protection of specified areas by using circle levees

Example of Nagoya city

Class 2 disaster hazard area




Sample ordinance restrictions (Nagoya City)

１階の床の高さ構　造　制　限*建築物の建築禁止範囲…海岸線・河岸線から50m以内で市長が指定する区域制限…居住室を有する建築物、病院及び児童福祉施設等の建築禁止木造以外の構造で、居住室等の床の高さをN・P（+）5.5m以上としたものについては建築可能

2階以上に居室設置 *公共建築物の制限緩和：延べ面積が100㎡（第2種～第4種区域）以内のものは避難室、避難設備の設置による代替可

範囲…学校、病院、集会場、官公署、児童福祉施設等その他これらに類する公共建築物

第３種区域

市街化区域

Ｎ・Ｐ（+）1m以上

第４種区域

市街化調整区域

Ｎ・Ｐ（+）1m以上 2階以上に居室設置

図　　　　　解

Ｎ・Ｐ（+）1m以上

市街化区域

第２種区域

木造禁止Ｎ・Ｐ（+）4m以上

市街化区域

第１種区域

制限…1階の床の高さN・P（+）2mかつN・P（+）3.5m以上の居室設置

1階床高

N・P

543

（ｍ）

1階床高

N・P

210

（ｍ）

1階床高

N・P

210

（ｍ）

1階床高

N・P

210

（ｍ）

Restrictions on land use by designating potential disaster hazard areas

Adopting pilotis to prevent damage to buildings during a flood

Shift to community planning resistant to inundation

Designation of potential disaster hazard area

River improvement of continuous leveecircle levee


Adaptation measuresin step with local community development


Image of road-embankment connectionInundation of Route 34 during a

flood in July 1990

Network of roads and river embankments

Building of a wide-area disaster prevention network that connects embankments, roads on the dry river bed for emergency traffic and elevated roads to wide-area disaster prevention bases.

《緊急災害対策派遣隊》

構成員

現地支援センター

広域基盤施設部隊〈河川・道路・砂防・港湾等〉

下水道部隊

宅地部隊

建築物部隊

体制各地方整備局・事務所職員

民間建設関連（資機材の操作員）

国総研・土研等の技術専門家

技術支援グループ（技術専門家）契約

協定

地方公共団体職員

連携

《緊急災害対策派遣隊》

構成員

現地支援センター

広域基盤施設部隊〈河川・道路・砂防・港湾等〉

下水道部隊

宅地部隊

建築物部隊

体制各地方整備局・事務所職員

民間建設関連（資機材の操作員）

国総研・土研等の技術専門家

技術支援グループ（技術専門家）契約

協定

地方公共団体職員

連携

Activities-Investigation of damage-Quick repairing-Prediction of degree of damage risk

-Planning of control measures

-High-level technical guidance

-Assistance in reconstruction

Disaster control helicopter

Technical Emergency Control Force (TEC-FORCE)

Reinforcement of actions in the initial stages of a disaster for minimizing damage and restoring infrastructure early, and enhancement of an organizational setup to achieve the goal

Drainage pumping vehicle

6. Japan's response to climate change

Organizational setup

Field support center

Wide-area infrastructure force (rivers, roads, sediment control,

ports, etc.)

Sewerage system force

Building land force

Buildings force

TEC-FORCE

Staff of Regional Development Bureaus and Offices

Engineers of National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management and Public Works Research

Institute

Technical support group (engineers)

Private sector construction organizations (operators of equipment)

Staff of local public entities

Coordination

Contract/agreement

Adaptation measureswith emphasis on crisis management


洪水ハザードマップの作成イメージ洪水ハザードマップの作成イメージ

Image of a flood hazard map

Easily recognizable signs


Underground space

Information dissemination

channel Locations and names of shelters

Points of contact-Administrative organizations

-Medical institutions

-Lifeline systems management organizations

Hints on escape and necessities

Potential inundation areas and depths of

inundation

Flood hazard map of xx City

Flood Embankment Shelter (building)Toyooka City, Hyogo Prefecture

Water levels in built-up areas in the past floods are indicated on the hazard map.

Share preliminary information concerning the degree of flood risk

Adaptation measureswith emphasis on Preparedness


Relay station

Flood alarm office

Meteorological observatory

River office

Radar precipitation prediction

Rainfall measurement station

Rainfall measurement station

Gauging station

Flood (water level) prediction system

Share real-time information

Information provision via Information provision via cellular phone or personal cellular phone or personal computercomputer

Delivery of an image to a Delivery of an image to a TV screenTV screen

Radar observation station

Gauging station

Surveillance camera

Floodwater prediction through realFloodwater prediction through real--time simulationtime simulation


・ Provision of rainfall amounts and water levels real-time via cellular phone, the Internet or local disaster prevention radio・ Flood forecasting through real-time simulation

Adaptation measureswith emphasis on Preparedness


Adaptation measures by Advanced TechnologyUtilization of Aerial Laser Survey

Aerial Laser Survey is a surveying technology of three-dimensional digital terrain data. For surveying, laser pulse are radiated from aviation, and analysis of reflected laser pulse from ground surface.

Terrain data such as figure of cross section of flood prone area can be obtained by this survey.

Advantage pointPreciseness Elaboration of inundation analysis⇒More elaborate inundation area can be obtained

by detailed terrain data such as roads, railways and embankments.

⇒Identification of effective countermeasures about inundation, such as prevention inflow to underground arcade by accuracy inundation height

SwiftnessQuick investigation on natural disaster damage

SpecificationAccuracy Standard Deviation 25cm

(Optec 3100DC, AGL2000m)

※Depend on Equipment, height

GPSSatellite

GPSGround Station

Digital image

Laser


Improvement of inundation analysis by using Aerial Laser Survey Data

Evaluation of disaster risks which is increasing by climate change

Regulation of land-use and Building restrictions

Improvement of Water bar and Storage facility

Formulation of crisis management plan

e.t.c

Utilization of various adaptation measures

Consequence of Inundation analysis

three-dimensional digital terrain data（without building and woods）

Adaptation measures by Advanced TechnologyAerial Laser Survey Utilization for Adaptation measures


(C.f.) Earthquake damage investigation by using Aerial Laser Survey

Landslide dams Lake were built in several places by the Iwate-Miyagi NairikuEarthquake in 2008. Aerial Laser Survey Data was used for consideration on finding appropriate countermeasures. Aerial Laser Survey can be useful in the case of difficult situation to approach the damage area.◎ Understanding of landslide dams lake

by three-dimensional digital terrain data◎ Measuring deformation volume compared

with before-and-after on earthquake

Level (m)

Change of height (m)

2006 measured2008 measured

Conclusion

①Prioritized investment to disaster preventionInvestment prioritize areas related to disaster prevention for limitation of available capacity

②Clarification of priority and Planning of road mapDrawing up short-term, middle-term, long-term policy by [selection and concentration] as meaning of clarification of prioritized policy.Planning the road map by assessment of disaster risk every term.

③Adoption adaptive approachAdopting adaptive approach of revising road map in response to future observation and cumulative knowledge

④New technical development and contribution to the world

Contributing to the world by transferring of new technology and Japanese expertise, policy, technology

⑤Participatory approachParticipatory approach is necessity. Informing to be understood easily to citizens.

水災害リスク

現在過去未来

モニタリングモニタリングモニタリング

適応策策定

適応策見直し適応策見直し適応策見直し

予測の範囲

精度の向上

精度の向上

モニタリング

予測の範囲

予測の範囲

：適応策によって低減されるリスク

：気象変動の予測値

Revising adaptation measures by analysis of water-related disaster risks with improvement of flood prediction by monitoring changes of climate change and social condition.

【Adaptive Approach】

Flood Risk

Past Now Future

Prediction by climate change

Reduction risks by adaptation

Range ofprediction

Range ofprediction

Range ofprediction

Accuracyenhancement

Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring

Drawing upAdaptation measures

RevisingAdaptation measures



Documents

Okazumi. 2008. Japan CC strategy for water disaster ppt