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The Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt
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The Old KingdomC04S02: 5th Grade History-Ms. Russac
Key Terms Old Kingdom Khufu nobles afterlife mummies elite pyramids
engineering method acquire embalming
The Old Kingdom 2700-2200 BC (500 years) Political system Pharaoh king and god Egypt belonged to the gods Pharaoh ruled with absolute
power over land and people Blamed for poor crops or
disease Poor trade Wars
Khufu most famous pharaoh from Old Kingdom
Society and Trade
Social hierarchy Upper class: nobles: rich and powerful families Middle class: scribes and some craftspeople Lower class: 80% of the population-servants and
slaves Traders
Nubia supplied gold, copper, ivory, slaves and stone for building
Syria provided wood for building and fire
Egyptian Hierarchy
Religion & Egyptian Life Practiced polytheism Worshipped the same gods Gods for nearly everything Many gods mixed human and animal forms Built temples to the gods Temples collected payments Temples grow more powerful
Egyptian Gods
Ptah, creator of world Anubis, god of dead
Human body and jackal’s head Horus, sky god, god of pharaohs
Human body and head of a bird Re, or Amon-Re, the sun god Osiris, the god of the underworld Isis, goddess of magic Thoth, god of wisdom Geb, the earth god
Source: www.abc-Clio.com: Egyptian tomb painting and hieroglyphics depicting the gods Osiris and Atum receiving offerings. Osiris, the god of the dead and underworld, was a principal deity, also associated with agriculture and fertility. Atum was worshipped by many in early Egypt as the father of the gods
Source: www.abc-Clio.com: A throne base depicting Horus and Seth from ancient Egypt. In Egyptian mythology, Horus and Seth fought for the throne of Egypt.
Source: www.abc-Clio.com-A detail of a painted wall relief at the Temple of Ramses II showing the ibis-headed Thoth. The temple is located at Abydos, the center of the ancient Egyptian worship of Osiris.
The Afterlife
A happy place Ideal world Young and healthy Ka-person’s life force
Leaves body at death Becomes spirit Does not leave burial site Same needs as living
person Eat, sleep and be
entertained
Tombs filled with objects Furniture Clothing Tools Jewelry Weapons
Relatives were expected to bring Food Beverages So loved ones will not be
hungry or thirsty
Burial Practices Embalming to
preserve body Keep link between
body and spirit Keep ka from
suffering Keep from decaying Mummification Specially treated
bodies wrapped in cloth
Only for Egyptian elite
Egyptian god Anubis oversees burial rites
Egyptian papyrus depicting the god Anubis, the jackal-headed deity who served as embalmer and guide for the dead, presiding over the mummification ritual of a dead man.
Source: http://www.ancienthistory.abc-clio.com
Significance of the Pyramids Demonstrated pharaoh’s importance Size and shape symbolic Points to sky-symbolizes journey to
afterlife Pharaoh linked to gods Even after death a pharaoh was important
to the Egyptian people