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OMAC: Optimal Migration Algorithm for Virtual CDN
Hatem Ibn Khedher, Emad ABD-ELRAHMAN, Hossam AFIFI
RST Dept., Inst. Mines-Telecom, Saclay, France
1
Presentation Outline
• Introduction
• Network issues in vCDN migration
• Architecture of vCDN deployment
• Exact optimization of vCDN deployment
• Conclusion
2
Presentation Outline
• Introduction
• Network issues in vCDN migration
• Architecture of vCDN deployment
• Exact optimization of vCDN deployment
• Conclusion
3
Virtualization ?
• Def. By ETSI
4
Switches
Servers
Storage (SANs)
1. Compute virtualization2. Storage virtualization3. Network virtualization
ETSI, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute
Virtualization context: architecture
General virtualization architecture The proposed architecture
Deployment techniques of network functions (NF) are
hardwarization and softwarization.
Hardwarization means coupling the NF to the hardware. It is
justified by:
Computation efficiency
Energy savings
Softwarization is the opposite, (i.e., virtualization).
Minimum efforts needed for development
Minimum cost of deployment, load balancing
Flexibility, elasticity, and easy upgrade of virtual network
functions (e.g., CDN, DPI, P/S-GW, etc…)
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Virtualization context
Target network function
7
CDN Controller
CDN
Content Delivery Network that hosts the video contents to be
closer to the client group nodes
vCDN
The software that virtualized the CDN caching and streaming
services on NFV servers using SDN/NFV concepts.
How to virtualize ?
8ETSI standard: NFV proposal for virtualization
NFV Building Block
2. VNF
vCDN
H/W
S/W
VMs
9
vRoutervDPIvFW
1. NFV MANO
3. NFVI
Software-Defined Networking (SDN)
10ONF standard: SDN proposal for virtualization
An SDN-NFV Interaction
SDNi NFVIOpenFlow
Opendaylight OpenStack
Control
Data
Control
Data
Protocols: OpenFlow
off-the-shelfequipment
11
Virtualized reference architecture
Physical Link
Hypervisor-1
OVS
vCDN vCDN
eth0
vnet0
eth0
vnet1
eth0
Hypervisor-2
OVS
vCDN vCDN
eth0
vnet0
eth0
vnet1
eth0
br0br0
H/W H/W
VXLAN
GRE
Migration
12
Presentation Outline
• Introduction
• Network issues in vCDN migration
• Architecture of vCDN deployment
• Exact Optimization of vCDN deployment
• Conclusion
13
Live migration of vCDN
Live Migration Definition:
Transfer a vCDN node from one host to another without
disrupting services.
vCDN state:
File system: which represent the Cache/storage.
(typically, it is located on a NFS and is not moved)
RAM pages: is transferred in the background wile the VNF
still running.
Scenarios of Live vCDN Migration
• Live vCDN migration has two scenarios:
– with shared storage area network (SAN)
Scenarios of Live vCDN Migration
- without shared storage area network (SAN)
H. Ibn khedher et al. “Network issues in Virtual machine migration ISNCC”2015
Network Constraints in Virtualization
17
Tools
1) KVM: Hypervisor, Accelerator
2) Libvirt: Daemon, network manager
Requirements
1. Security over SSH
2. Live Migration with shared storage (LAN Migration)
3. Live Migration with disk/network connection transfert (WAN
Migration)
Network Constraints in Virtualization
• The main three constraints in the virtualization
process are:
QoS:
The virtualization process consume in its transient
state a huge amount of resources.
Instantiation or migration of a VNF requires very
high speed link.
Network Constraints in Virtualization
Mobility:
Mobility of virtual instances is not a simple task.
We can consider moving an NF or a complete
instance of a server depending on the desired
controller objective.
Moving functionality is required when we want to
create a new service in a different location
VNF can migrate within the same subnet or from
one subnet to another (across different LANs).
Network Constraints in Virtualization
Security:
Security is an important aspect in VNFs migrations.
Many attacks could stop the live or offloading migration
at any point.
So, securing this migration either in single
domain or inter multiple domains is mandatory.
Network Issues for VNF Migration
vCDN Migration
How to deploy vCDN?
23
NFV-based
solution
How to deploy vCDN?
24
SDN-based
solution
How to deploy vCDN?
25
NFV/SDN-based
solution
Presentation Outline
• Introduction
• Network issues in vCDN migration
• Architecture of vCDN deployment
• Exact optimization of vCDN deployment
• Conclusion
26
End user group
Network operatorSet Top Box
Network operatorPoint of Presence
Content providers
General Architecture
27
An Example: from Physical CDN to vCDN
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Content providers/ CDN providers
=> Physical deployment of CDNCurrent solution
POP
POP
POP
Box
Box
Box
Network operators:-Owner of the network infrastructure
- Quality- Efficiency
29
Content providers/ CDN providers
=> virtual deployment CDNsThe proposed
solution
POP
POP POP
Box
Box
Box
Network operators:Owner of the network infrastructureserver deployment in the equipment of the network infra
Management plan creation
An Example: from Physical CDN to vCDN within NO
Presentation Outline
• Introduction
• Network issues in vCDN migration
• Architecture of vCDN deployment
• Exact optimization of vCDN deployment
• Conclusion
30
The statement is:
31
The problem considers delivering on-demand videos or
services through vCDN functions.
1. Where to locate the vCDN streaming headend ?
2. How to migrate vCDN node from one location to
the optimal one
3. How to guarantee the requested QoE ?
4. How to minimize the migration cost ?
Problématique
Factors of complexity
Optimization problematic
32
A cost efficient optimization algorithm for vCDN migration under the
previous complex factors.
vCDN Migration to the optimal location
Exact optimization solution
It enables vCDN migration inside a network operator
Complementarity: Operator cost – Client group demand (QoE)
Feasible, flexible,
and robust
Optimization contribution
Approaches of SDN/NFV optimization
Based on
Non-optimal algorithm
1. Complex system
2. Near optimal
3. Large scale
4. VM context
Optimal algorithm
1. Simple system
2. Exact and efficient
3. Problem of Scalability
4. VNF context
33
Optimization taxonomy (SOTA)
34
Novel approach for
virtualization
Yes, VNF context (vCDN),
optimal
Migration cost, NFV cost,
QoE
vCDN based SDN /NFV
Exact algorithm
Multi-criteria
vCDN Migration
The
proposedapproach
Under different scenarios
Proposed Approach
You need to have the initial topology
35
How optimizations look like?
36
36
Objective Function
37
Optimization model
Decision about:
1. Where to migrate vCDN based on minimizing the total
migration cost (operator cost).
2. Whether client group need a vCDN streaming service or
not .
3. Whether the link is used for a streaming of vCDN or not.
How constraints look like ?
38
Constraints
1. On optimal server streaming the
vCDN f to the client group v
4. Link capacity constraint
5. Network flow constraint
(flow balance)
3. Server streaming capacity
constraint
2. Server caching capacity
constraint
SDN/NFV migration optimization
algorithm
39
Inputs:
1. The list of vCDN(s) to be installed, including system and
network requirements
2. Places where computational resources are available
3. SDN/NFV criteria and constraints
4. The list of client group request for different vCDNs
Output:
1. Decide the optimal SDN/NFV Migration of vCDN (place) and
the optimal routing path of vCDN streaming
Novel metrics
40
Migration cost: The total cost of migration vCDNs
Migration time: The needed time for migration
vCache utilization: The cost of vCDN system resources
vStream utilization: The cost of vCDN network resources
Link utilization: The cost of network links resources.
vCDN replication number: The number of vCDNs after
migration
How to compile, execute, decide
41
The optimization fits with the branch and bound algorithm,
and it is NP-Hard problem
Our proposed algorithm is evaluated through an Objective
Programming Language (OPL) implementation and the linear
solver CPLEX
Results were conducted in terms of the previous indicators and
metrics
How to decide ?
42
OTT/CP
CDN Brokers
KVM
H/W
Initial DB
Update
OMAC/HPAC
vCDN Request
vCDN Deploy
vCDN DBi Update
vCDN DBs Update
vCDN Metrics
System MetricsNetwork Metrics
vCDN Optimal Place
Mapper
Status DB
Optimization results
43
Impact of vCDN number on migration time, migration cost.
Optimization results
44
Impact of vCDN number on NFV Infrastructure.
Optimization results
45
Novel results of the impact of client group on migration time,
migration cost, and NFVI domain
Optimization results
46
vCDN migration process is
bounded
Unbounded vCDN migration
process
Strict replication
Loose replication
Scenarios of OMAC-based
vCDN migration
We evaluated the proposed OMAC
under these scenarios
Optimization results
47
Total migration cost behavior under the different scenario: strict vs.
loose
Optimization results
48
vCDN Replication number behavior in Loose scenario
How operator gain looks?
49
H. ibn khedher et al. “OPAC: Optimal Placement Algorithm for virtual vCDN” computer networks under review
How algorithm outperforms ?
50
H. Ibn Khedher et al. “OPAC: Optimal Placement Algorithm for virtual vCDN” computer networks under review
How algorithm works: a snapshot topology
51
H. Ibn Khedher et al. “OPAC: Optimal Placement Algorithm for virtual vCDN” computer networks under review
How algorithm works: a real example
52
H. Ibn Khedher et al. “OPAC: Optimal Placement Algorithm for virtual vCDN” computer networks under review
Presentation Outline
• Introduction
• From CDN to virtual CDN (vCDN)
• Network issues in vCDN migration
• Architecture of vCDN deployment
• Exact optimization of vCDN deployment
• Conclusion
53
Conclusions
• In these two papers:– we surveyed some technical challenges related to the
virtualization techniques.
– Through the virtualization techniques, there are different issues either concerning hardware or network and software.
– Novel architectural concept for vCDN based on SDN/NFV
– OMAC: Intelligent migration algorithm of vCDN based on novel NFV criteria
– Different OMAC scenarios.
54
Future work
55
The integration of OMAC in a
vCDN framework
Heuristic optimization of vCDN deployment
Comparison Exact versus Heuristic
ICN approach
Integration of the OMAC-based
optimization algorithm with Orange
Platform under (DVD2C Project):
https://dvd2c.cms.orange labs.fr/public
dvd2c/
Short-term Long-term
Publications
56
• Conferences:
– Hatem Ibn Khedher et al. “Network Issues in Virtual Machine Migration” in IEEE-ISNCC ’2015
– Hatem Ibn Khedher et al. “OMAC: Optimal Migration Algorithm for virtual CDN” in IEEE-ICT ’2016
• Journal:– Hatem Ibn Khedher et al. “OPAC: Optimal Placement Algorithm for virtual vCDN”
computer networks under review
Thank you
Questions?
57