On-line puff resolved analysis of e-cigarette vapours and ... · On-line puff resolved analysis of e-cigarette vapours and heat-not-burn tobacco products R.Zimmermann 1, S.Ehlert1,2,

R. Zimmermann et al. CORESTA SSPT 2015, Jeju, South Korea, October 4th- 8th 2015

On-line puff resolved analysis of e-cigarette vapours and heat-not-burn tobacco products

R.Zimmermann1, S.Ehlert1,2, T.Streibel1, J.M. Wolter1, J. Heide1, A.Walte2

1 University of Rostock, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Inst. of Chemistry, Germany [email protected]

2 Photonion GmbH Schwerin, Germany [email protected]

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Content

1. Photo ionisation mass spectrometry (PIMS) in tobacco or

nicotine product smoke/vapour on-line analysis

2. Photo ionisation mass spectrometry concept for analysis of aldehydes and other toxicants in e-cigarettes

3. Photo ionisation mass spectrometry concept for analysis of toxicants in tobacco heating products

4. Outlook, summary and conclusion

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PIMS - Soft photo ionisation in vacuum (no fragmentation as in EI-MS and no matrix effects as in CI-MS) direct MS analysis

Two photo ionisation techniques of different selectivity are applied:

IE

Sn

S0

REMPI

b) Resonance-Enhanced Multiphoton Ionisation (REMPI) - ionisation by UV laser pulses (210-270 nm, ~107 W/cm2) - highly efficient soft two-photon ionization of aromatics - ppb/ppt on-line concentration range

IE

S0 SPI

a) Vacuum UV Single Photon Ionisation (SPI) - ionisation with 118 nm laser photons (10.5 eV) or incoherent VUV radiation (excimer lamp, e.g. 9.8 eV) - soft ionization of most organic compounds - ppb on-line concentration range

Introduction: Photo ionization - SPI and REMPI

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PIMS - Soft photo ionisation in vacuum (no fragmentation as in EI-MS and no matrix effects as in CI-MS) direct MS analysis

Two photo ionisation techniques of different selectivity are applied:

IE

Sn

S0

REMPI

b) Resonance-Enhanced Multiphoton Ionisation (REMPI) - ionisation by UV laser pulses (210-270 nm, ~107 W/cm2) - highly efficient soft two-photon ionization of aromatics - ppb/ppt on-line concentration range

IE

S0 SPI

a) Vacuum UV Single Photon Ionisation (SPI) - ionisation with 118 nm laser photons (10.5 eV) or incoherent VUV radiation (excimer lamp, e.g. 9.8 eV) - soft ionization of most organic compounds - ppb on-line concentration range

Mass analysis by time-of-flight (TOFMS), ion trap (ITMS) etc.


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Tobacco smoke (2R4F)


N2

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N2

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N2

S.Mitschke, W.Welthagen R.Zimmermann, Anal.Chem. 78 (2006) 6364-6375 T.Adam, S.Mitschke, T.Streibel, R.R.Baker , R.Zimmermann, Chem. Res. Toxicol. 19 (2006) 511-520

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PI-MS for time- and space-resolved chemical mapping: Distribution maps (middle of puff)

Zimmermann, R.; Hertz-Schünemann, R.; Ehlert, S.; Liu, C.; McAdam, K.; Baker, R.; Streibel, T. Analytical Chemistry 2015, 87, 1711–1717 Hertz-Schünemann, R.; Ehlert, S.; Streibel, T.; Liu, C.; McAdam, K.; Baker, R. R.; Zimmermann, R.. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2015

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Photo ionization – mass spectrometry: On-line tobacco smoke analysis

Photo ionization MS smoke profiler for Industrial applications (Borgwaldt KC)

Stand-alone photo ionization MS for flexible applications (Photonion GmbH)

• Easy to use integrated smoke machine- PI-mass spectrometer system

• Compact oa-TOFMS mass analyzer (R~900) • Different VUV-lamps for SPI + EI ion source • Specific software solution

• High flexibility and sensitivity • Direct Reflectron TOF mass analyzer (R~2000) • REMPI, laser-SPI and VUV lamp SPI source • EI ion source and switchable ionization • Multiple coupling options, custom made software

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• Integrated smoke machine – SPI-TOFMS system ( ISO, intense, human, e-cig. profiles) for industrial routine & research

• Quantitative puff-resolved on-line analysis of tobacco smoke toxicants (e.g. isoprene, butadiene, benzene) and of e-cigarette and heat-not-burn product smoke composition

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• Integrated smoke machine – SPI-TOFMS system ( ISO, intense, human, e-cig. profiles) for industrial routine & research

• Quantitative puff-resolved on-line analysis of tobacco smoke toxicants (e.g. isoprene, butadiene, benzene) and of e-cigarette and heat-not-burn product smoke composition

• Flexible, ultra-high performance PI-TOFMS system for research and industrial process analysis

• System can be coupled to: - Thermal analysis, - µ-probe sampling device, - Smoking machine (e-cig./HnB), - Human smoking analyzer (Gas/PM) - Smoke particle matter analyzer - Fast gas chromatography pre- separation (puff-resolved)

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General information on e-cigarette and heat not burn SPI/REMPI-TOF analysis tests Mass spectrometer: Photonion LASER TOF : 118 nm (10.5 eV) SPI or 266 nm REMPI Smoke machine: Borgwaldt LM1 Smoke protocol: human smoking profiles replayed SA7 (~80-112 ml, e-cig) or ISO & modified intense (HnB) Transfer line temp: 200°C TOFMS Acquisition rate: 10 Hz

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p

Normalized SPI-TOFMS mass spectra of cigarette, e-cigarette & heat-not-burn devices

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normal cigarette charcoal heated HnB device

e-cigarette Electrical heated pod HnB device

Puff resolved SPI-MS analysis of nicotine release of cigarette, e-cigarette & heat-not-burn devices

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~ bell shaped

~ constant

linear increasing

linear increasing

normal cigarette charcoal heated HnB device

e-cigarette Electrical heated pod HnB device

Puff resolved SPI-MS analysis of nicotine release of cigarette, e-cigarette & heat-not-burn devices

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Main components (Laser-SPI) of e-cigarette smoke (Type I, no nicotine) Aerosolizer compounds: Glycerol and propylene glycol

e-cigarette (refillable with flavor containing reservoirs, puffing triggered vaporizer)

76

45

76

45

45

45

76 76

60

60 60

60

SPI-TOFMS e-cigarette analysis (Type I, reusable, automatic activation)

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e-cigarette I (refillable with flavor containing reservoirs, puffing triggered vaporizer)

m/z

Main components (Laser-SPI) of e-cigarette smoke (Type I, no nicotine) Aerosolizer compounds: Glycerol and propylene glycol + aroma compounds (often single compound or simple flavour compound mixture)

C6H14O

SPI-TOFMS e-cigarette analysis (Type I, reusable, automatic activation)

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44 60/61/62

74

74

162

162 56

56

156

138 -H2O Glycerol: 44, 56, 61, 74

Main components (Laser-SPI) of e-cigarette smoke (Type II) Aerosolizer compounds: Glycerol, nicotine and menthol

60/61/62 44

SPI-TOFMS e-cigarette analysis (Type II, reusable, automatic activation)

[Menthol-H2O] 138

e-cigarette (refillable with nicotine/flavor containing reservoirs, puffing triggered vaporizer)

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http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Menthol_neutral.svg



156 138 m/z menthol

162 m/z nicotine

menthol

glycerol

acetaldehyde + glycerol fragment

nicotine

Laser-SPI: Puff profiles (menthol)

e-cigarette (refillable with nicotine/flavor containing reservoirs, puffing triggered vaporizer)

92 74 glycerol

SPI-TOFMS e-cigarette analysis (Type II, reusable, automatic activation)

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http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nikotin_-_Nicotine.svg


17.5 ml/s

Particle filter

Flow meter

Smoking pump

Smoking valve

Heated transfer line (250°C)

Samplingpump

Flow meter

Cambridge filter holder

2.5 ml/s

6-port, 2-position switching valve

Analytical column IL-59 (10 m, 0.25 mm, 0.2 µm)

6

3

1

2

5

4

SPI-TOFMS SPI-TOFMS

ISO smoking: one puff (2 s, 35ml) per min

Isomer separation: On-line, puff-resolved GC- SPI-MS analysis of cigarette smoke

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puff 1 puff 2 puff 3 puff 4

SPI-TOFMS on-line measurement 162 m/z (nicotine trace)


M.Eschner, I.Selmani, T.Gröger, R.Zimmermann, Anal. Chem., 2011, 83, 6619–6627

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puff 1 puff 2 puff 3 puff 4

SPI-TOFMS on-line measurement 162 m/z (nicotine trace)

1st GC Measurement 2nd GC Measurement 3rd GC Measurement


M.Eschner, I.Selmani, T.Gröger, R.Zimmermann, Anal. Chem., 2011, 83, 6619–6627

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Eclipse Ploom IQOS

SPI-TOFMS for on-line analysis of Heat-not-Burn tobacco product smoke

Tobacco extract pod

Battery

Heat source

Mouth piece

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General information TOFMS: Photonion Laser TOF Smoking machine: Borgwaldt LM1 Smoke protocol: * ISO 3308:1991 or * modified intense profile (50 ml/30 sec) Transfer line temp: 200°C Ion source: 10.5 eV laser SPI

ISO 3308:1991 35 ml (2s) every 60 s Intense HnB/e-cig-profile (I-profile) 50 ml (3s) every 30 s

SPI-TOFMS for on-line analysis of Heat-not-Burn tobacco product smoke: Puff profiles

59 60 61 62 63 640

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SPI-TOFMS for on-line analysis of Heat-not-Burn tobacco product smoke: Complexity profile

Ploom 28-78 m/z

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Eclipse

2R4F Reference cig.

IQOS

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Harm reduction: HnB drastically reduces formation of small reactive gases and aromatic tobacco tar compounds!

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SPI-TOFMS for on-line analysis of Heat-not-Burn tobacco product smoke: Overview analysis

Summed mass spectrometric signals without propylene glycol and glycerin masses

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SPI-TOFMS for on-line analysis of Heat-not-Burn tobacco product smoke: Nicotine profiles

I-Profile ISO-Profile

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Ploom

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Reference

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SPI-TOFMS for on-line analysis of Heat-not-Burn tobacco product smoke: Nicotine profiles

Puff profiles matter for nicotine delivery ! This supports the necessity of on-line measurements for HnB and e-cig


Eclipse

Ploom

IQOS

Reference

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SPI-TOFMS for on-line analysis of Heat-not-Burn tobacco product smoke: Integrated Nicotine profiles


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SPI-TOFMS for on-line analysis of Heat-not-Burn tobacco product smoke: Integrated Nicotine profiles

Pod-HnB device (Ploom) best reproduces cigarette nicotine pattern!


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IQOS Phenol

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igna

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Ploom Phenol

Puff

Research Cigarette Phenol

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Ploom Nicotine

Puff

Research Cigarette Nicotine

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reduction ~ 10

reduction ~ 500

SPI-TOFMS for on-line analysis of Heat-not-Burn tobacco product smoke: Phenol

Reference

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Research Cigarette Acetaldehyde

reduction ~ 2

reduction ~ 10

reduction ~ 20

SPI-TOFMS for on-line analysis of Heat-not-Burn tobacco product smoke: Acetaldehyde

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Research Cigarette Benzene

reduction ~ 5000

reduction ~ 50

reduction > 5000

SPI-TOFMS for on-line analysis of Heat-not-Burn tobacco product smoke: Benzene

Reference

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Research Cigarette Furan

reduction ~ 10000

reduction ~ 50

reduction ~ 10000

Isopren

Isoprene

Isoprene

Isoprene

Isoprene

SPI-TOFMS for on-line analysis of Heat-not-Burn tobacco product smoke: Isoprene

Reference

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0,010

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Ploom Butadiene

Puff

Research Cigarette Butadiene

reduction ~10000

reduction > 50

reduction ~ 10000

SPI-TOFMS for on-line analysis of Heat-not-Burn tobacco product smoke: Butadiene

Reference

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0,010

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Ploom Butadiene

Puff

Research Cigarette Butadiene

reduction ~10000

reduction > 50

reduction ~ 10000

SPI-TOFMS for on-line analysis of Heat-not-Burn tobacco product smoke: Butadiene

Reference

Harm reduction: HnB drastically reduces small, toxic combustion by-products

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Summary

• PI-MS (REMPI, SPI): On-line method for real-time analysis of trace gases, aerosolizer, aroma cpds. & pyrolysis products

• Analysis of e-cig. vapors: Puff-resolved detection of acet-

aldehyde, glycerol, propylene glycol, flavors, nicotine etc. • For aldehyde quantitation on-line GC - PI-MS • Analysis of HnB-smoke: Puff-resolved detection of tobacco

compounds and aerosolizer-compounds • Massive reduction of gaseous toxicants and tar-compounds • Strong influence of puff-profile, device, age of material etc. on-line measurement required

• Spin-off company Photonion GmbH: Custom-build PI-MS

Systems for Research and Cooperation with Borgwaldt KC

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Zimmermann group @ Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre Acknowledgements Dr. J. Maguhn Dr. T. Streibel Dr. J. Schnelle-Kreis Dr. M. Sklorz Dr. J. Lintelmann Dr. E. Feicht Dr. M. Kirchner Dr. P. Richthammer Dr. J. Passig Dr. G. Jakobi Dr. S. Smita Dr. J. Orasche Dr. G Ferron Dr. S. Haack Dr. S. Ehlert E. Hübner T. Gröger T. Miersch A. Sutherland S. Ly-Verdu S. Wohlfahrt M. Fischer C. Rüger T. Schwemer G. Dragan H. Czech V. Kohlmeier Y. Giessen J. Parra

S. Erdmann B. Wegglert S. Otto S. Krüger P. Sattler G. Abbazade M. Oster E. Karg B. Gruber M. Jennerwein F. Li L. Müller A. Rheda X. Wu S. Scholtes C. Radischat L. Müller K. Lau M. Hahn Y. Huang G. Kocsis J.Varga S. Scholtes C. Kühl R.Reiss M. Oster M. Fuchs

Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre Funding: • Uni Rostock und Helmholtz Zentrum München • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) • Bundesministerium für Bildung &Forschung (BMBF) • Bayerische Forschungsstiftung (BFS) • Deutsche Gesetzl. Unfallversich. (DGUV) • Bundeskriminalamt (BKA) • Companies (SASOL Ltd., Netzsch GmbH, Photonion GmbH,

Airsense GmbH, Borgwaldt KC etc.) • Helmholtz-Impulse and Networking- Fonds

(Virtual Helmholtz Institute - HICE)

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Zimmermann group @ Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre Acknowledgements Dr. J. Maguhn Dr. T. Streibel Dr. J. Schnelle-Kreis Dr. M. Sklorz Dr. J. Lintelmann Dr. E. Feicht Dr. M. Kirchner Dr. P. Richthammer Dr. J. Passig Dr. G. Jakobi Dr. S. Smita Dr. J. Orasche Dr. G Ferron Dr. S. Haack Dr. S. Ehlert E. Hübner T. Gröger T. Miersch A. Sutherland S. Ly-Verdu S. Wohlfahrt M. Fischer C. Rüger T. Schwemer G. Dragan H. Czech V. Kohlmeier Y. Giessen J. Parra

S. Erdmann B. Wegglert S. Otto S. Krüger P. Sattler G. Abbazade M. Oster E. Karg B. Gruber M. Jennerwein F. Li L. Müller A. Rheda X. Wu S. Scholtes C. Radischat L. Müller K. Lau M. Hahn Y. Huang G. Kocsis J.Varga S. Scholtes C. Kühl R.Reiss M. Oster M. Fuchs

Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre Funding: • Uni Rostock und Helmholtz Zentrum München • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) • Bundesministerium für Bildung &Forschung (BMBF) • Bayerische Forschungsstiftung (BFS) • Deutsche Gesetzl. Unfallversich. (DGUV) • Bundeskriminalamt (BKA) • Companies (SASOL Ltd., Netzsch GmbH, Photonion GmbH,

Airsense GmbH, Borgwaldt KC etc.) • Helmholtz-Impulse and Networking- Fonds

(Virtual Helmholtz Institute - HICE)

Dr. S.Ehlert

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Documents

On-line puff resolved analysis of e-cigarette vapours and ... · On-line puff resolved analysis of e-cigarette vapours and heat-not-burn tobacco products R.Zimmermann 1, S.Ehlert1,2,