Ôn thi chuẩn châu Âu C1

8/10/2019 n thi chun chu u C1

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You are going to read four dierent opinions from leading scientistsabout the future of fuel. For questions 1-15, choose from the writers A-D. he writers ma! be chosen more than once.AHoward Bloom, Author:

Even though most people are convinced that peak oil has already passed, to me, peak oil is just ahypothesis. There is a theory that carbon molecules can be ound in interstellar gas clouds, cometsand in space ice, and i this is the case, our planet could oo!e oil or ever. And even i we stayearthbound, those who say we have raped the planet o all its resources are wrong. There"s a hugestock o raw materials we haven"t yet learned to use. There are bacteria two miles beneath our eetwhich can turn solid granite into ood. # bacteria can do it, surely we creatures with brains can do itbetter. As ar as the near uture o energy is concerned, # believe the most promising alternative uelsare biouels, such as ethanol. #t"s an alcohol made rom waste products such as the bark o trees,woodchips, and other "waste materials". And that"s not the only waste that can create energy. $yriend in the biomass industry is perecting an energy%generation plant which can run on human

waste. &e produce that in vast 'uantities, and it"s already gathered in centralised locations.B$ichael (ardelli, (ecturer in )enetics at The *niversity o Adelaide

+othing eists on this planet without energy. #t enables lowers and people to grow and we need it tomine minerals, etract oil or cut wood and then to process these into inished goods. -o the mostundamental deinition o money is as a mechanism to allow the echange and allocation o dierentorms o energy. ecently, people have been using more energy than ever beore. *ntil /001 it waspossible to epand our energy use to meet this demand. However, since /001 oil supply has been indecline, and at the same time, and as a direct result o this, the world"s economy has been unable to

epand, leading to global recession. &ith the world"s energy and the proitability o energyproduction in decline at the same time, the net energy available to support activities other thanenergy procurement will decrease. &e could increase energy production by diverting a largeproportion o our remaining oil energy into building nuclear power stations and investing inrenewable orms o energy. However, this is very unlikely to happen in democratic nations, becauseit would re'uire huge, voluntary reductions in living standards. 2onse'uently, the world economywill continue to contract as oil production declines. &ith energy in decline, it will be impossible oreveryone in the world to become wealthier. 3ne person"s increased wealth can only come at theepense o another person"s worsened poverty.

24eroen van der 5eer, chie eecutive o oyal 6utch -hell

7eople are understandably worried about a uture o growing energy shortages, rising prices andinternational conlict or supplies. These ears are not without oundation. &ith continued economicgrowth, the world"s energy needs could increase by 108 in the net /1 years. However, # do notbelieve that the world is running out o energy. 9ossil uels will be able to meet growing demand ora long time in the uture. Taking unconventional resources into account, we are not even close topeak oil. The priority or oil companies is to improve eiciency, by increasing the amount o oil


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recovered rom reservoirs. At present, just over a third is recovered. &e can also improve thetechnology to control reservoir processes and improve oil low. However, these projects are costly,comple and technically demanding, and they depend on eperienced people, so it is essential toencourage young people to take up a technical career in the energy industry. $eanwhile, alternativeorms o energy need to be made economically viable. #nternational energy companies have the

capability, the eperience and the commercial drive to work towards solving the energy problem sothey will play a key role. But it is not as simple as merely making scientiic advances and developingnew tools the challenge is to deliver the technology to people worldwide. 2ompanies will need toshare knowledge and use their ideas eectively.

62raig -everance, blogger

&hat will it take to end our oil addiction; #t"s time we moved on to something else. +ot only areworld oil supplies running out, but what oil is still let is proving very dirty to obtain. The 6eepwater

Hori!on oil spill occurred precisely because the easy%to%obtain oil is already tapped. # we don"t kickoil now, we will see more disasters as oil companies move to the Arctic oshore and clear moreorests. The cheap petroleum is gone rom now on, we will pay steadily more and more or our oil< not just in dollars, but in the biological systems that sustain lie on this planet. The only solutionis to get on with what we will have to do anyway % end our dependence on it= There are manyinstances in which oil need not be used at all. Heat and electricity can be produced in a multitude oother ways, such as solar power or natural gas. The biggest challenge is the oil that is used intransportation. That doesn"t mean the transportation o goods worldwide, it"s the day%to%day movingaround o people. #t means we have to change what we drive. The good news is that it"s possible.There are a wide range o uel eicient cars on oer, and the number o all%electric plug%in cars is setto increase. 9or long distance travel and reight, the solution to this is to look to rail. An electriiedrailway would not be reliant upon oil, but could be powered by solar, geothermal, hydro, and windsources. There is a long way to go, but actions we take now to kick our oil addiction can help usadapt to a world o shrinking oil supplies.

&hich writer:

>. believes oil will be available or many more years

/. believes that rom now on, less oil is available?. believes there are ways to obtain energy that we have not yet discovered

@. sees a great potential in natural uels1. believes the uel crisis will cause the poor to become poorer

. sees energy and the economy as intrinsically linked. believes we should reduce our dependance on oil immediately


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C. believes that people need to be attracted to working in the energy industry

D. believes that it is unlikely that governments will invest a lot o money into

alternative energy

>0. believes that uture oil recovery will lead to more environmental disasters

>>. believes that better technology can help to maintain oil production levels

>/. believes there may be sources o oil outside our planet

>?. thinks that oil companies are responsible or developing other types o energy

>@. recognises that inventions that can help to prevent an energy crisis are already

available>1. believes we can use our rubbish to create energy

Which writer:

>. believes oil will be available or many more years

/. believes that rom now on, less oil is available?. believes there are ways to obtain energy that we have not yet discovered

@. sees a great potential in natural uels

1. believes the uel crisis will cause the poor to become poorer

. sees energy and the economy as intrinsically linked

. believes we should reduce our dependance on oil immediately

C. believes that people need to be attracted to working in the energy industry

D. believes that it is unlikely that governments will invest a lot o money into alternative

energy>0. believes that uture oil recovery will lead to more environmental disasters

>>. believes that better technology can help to maintain oil production levels


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>/. believes there may be sources o oil outside our planet>?. thinks that oil companies are responsible or developing other types o energy

>@. recognises that inventions that can help to prevent an energy crisis are already available

>1. believes we can use our rubbish to create energy A.howard bloom

Di"cult! le#el$ %1& ad#anced

his page will let !ou practise for the %erti'cate in Ad#anced (nglish

e)am *from %ambridge (+. his is the format of the second part ofthe reading section.

You are going to read a maga/ine article. +i) paragraphs ha#e beenremo#ed from the e)tract. %hoose from the paragraphs A-0 the onewhich 'ts each gap *1-. here is one e)tra paragraph which !ou donot need to use.

Renovating the Lymm Water Tower

Ater eight years o grit and determination, ussell and 4annette Harris have succeeded in

transorming a derelict water tower into a spacious amily home, and in doing so, won the /001Homebuilding and renovation awards. However, the road to success was relentless, as what began asa whim turned into an insurmountable challenge, and there were times when they thought they mightnever move in.

> .9inding themselves the owners o the dilapidated structure, the couple then had to decide what to dowith it. Their early visions or the project were airly modest they originally considered wrappingthe structure in timber cladding and itting a copper roo, or keeping the tower as a olly and buildinga cottage in the grounds. As time progressed, the couple decided that they could use this opportunityto create something ar more ambitious.

/ .4ulian"s masterplan involved wrapping a glass%and%steel etension around the tower, creating livingspaces on various levels. $assive windows would give loor%to %ceiling views o the countryside,strategically placed so that the morning sun would shine into the kitchen and set on the dining area.The summer lounge, acing due south, would catch the daytime rays.

? .&ork also had to be done to hide the unsightly selection o antennae on the roo o the old tower.
http://www.examenglish.com/CEFR/cefr.phphttp://www.examenglish.com/CEFR/cefr.php


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These could not be removed, as they were essential part o unding the conversion. -o they wererehoused in an etension to the eisting stone turret, concealing them rom sight.

@ .Thankully, they were able to reclaim something towards these costs rom the income generated bythe radio masts. They also reaped some money by making a television programme about the project.

But with costs soaring to @10,000 and beyond, the amily was orced to cut down on personalspending. They stopped taking amily holidays, traded in their car and lived in cheap rentedaccommodation.

1 .The etension meanwhile, which accommodates the main living space, is a tribute to minimalism.There are no pictures. The house is like a work o art in itsel, with its sweeping views o thecountryside. &hite is the dominant colour, and everywhere there are sleek, curved lines. Even thelight switches and plug sockets are discreetly hidden.

.&ith a total cost o over 100,000, plus eight years o hard slog, ussell is unsure whether he would

advise other sel%builders to put themselves through the trouble. At times, he wished he had neverbought the tower. But when he sits in the roo%top hot tub with ?0 degree views over thecountryside, he admits that it was worth the eort. And now that the (ymm &ater Tower has beenvalued at >.1m by a local agent, the Harrises can surely eel satisied with their achievement.

You are going to read a magazine article. Six paragraphs have been removed rom

the extract. !hoose rom the paragraphs "#$ the one which its each gap %

'(. There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.

)aragraphs

" ussell and his wie had lived or several years in the pictures'ue village o (ymm where thecrumbling >?0%year old tower stood. The grade ## listed building was one o several hundredsurviving water towers which were built in the >C00s to improve public health across Britain. Thisparticular tower was currently being used by three mobile phone companies to anchor theirtelephone masts. ussell regularly walked along the ootpath beside the tower, and when it went upor auction in >DD, he impulsively put in a bid or >?C,000.

* But inally it all paid o. The end result is both contemporary and luurious. The original tower

houses a Fwinter" living room on the ground loor. Above it is a master bedroom with an en suitebathroom on a me!!anine. Above that, there is an oice, guest room and a room or the telecome'uipment. Atop it all is a roo garden with views stretching as ar as $anchester and (iverpool.

! &ork inally began when planning permission was granted in /00/. But beore the new structurecould be built, substantial work had to be done to the eisting tower. The stonework was cracked andthe turret was damaged. Two skilled stonemasons worked or si months on its restoration. #t wasthen sandblasted, the water tank was removed, and huge steel rames were put into place to support


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the new loors. 3nly then could oundations be laid or the etension.

+ 3ver 0 companies were involved in the construction, and ussell gave up work to act as projectmanager. There were problems at almost every stage. # something could go wrong, it inevitablywould. -pirits plummeted and costs spiralled, and ussell and 4annette could do little but look on as

their savings dwindled.

, ussell and 4annette had just inished renovating a >D/0s armhouse nearby. This was done in amuch more traditional style. By the time they"d inished with it, the once%rooless property had thetypical Aga, log%burning stove, rugs, country pine urniture, dried lowers and knick%knacks. 2hint!yin comparison to the modernist design they attached to the water tower. -ince the work on the tower,they have become a real converts to minimalism.

- 2olour is added to this stark interior by the creative use o lighting, which was designed by Gate&ilkins, responsible or the lighting scheme at the Tate $odern Art )allery. The lighting is subtle,mostly made up o simply concealed luorescent strips or cold%cathode tubes. The innovative

approach to lighting design won them the prestigious (ighting 6esign Award.$ 9ate, however, had other ideas. ussell and 4annette had to battle town planners and localopposition to get their dream on the road. 9ive years along, work still hadn"t started and the couplewere losing heart. All this changed, however, when they met the architect 4ulian Baker, who drew upplans or a contemporary design blending old and new. His inspirational ideas gave them the impetusthey needed to kick%start their project.

Gey: >A /) ?2 @6 1B 9

his acti#it! helps with part 1 of the 2se of (nglish paper. You shouldcomplete this acti#it! in 15 minutes.3

%lic4 on the gaps, then choose the best word to 'll the spaces.

Legal ight hits music pirates

The global recording industry has launched its largest wave o legal against people

suspected o music iles on the internet. The latest move by the #nternational9ederation o the 7honographic #ndustry #97#I /,>00 alleged uploaders

peer%to%peer 7/7I networks in > nations the *G, 9rance,)ermany and #taly. Thousands o people have agreed to pay compensation since the campaign

. #n the *-, civil lawsuits have been against more than >1,1D

people -eptember /00? and there have been ?,1D0 settlements. "This is a


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signiicant o our enorcement actions against people who are uploading and

distributing music on p/p networks," said #97# chie 4ohn Gennedy. "Thousands

o people % mostly internet%savvy men in their /0s or ?0s % have learnt to their thelegal and inancial risks involved in ile%sharing copyrighted music in large 'uantities." #ndividual

cases are generally brought by the national associations the recording industry,

and in some cases by the labels, civil complaints. The *G record industry has so ar

brought D cases, with a 1 covered by the latest action. $ore than >@0,000 incompensation has been paid to the British 7honographic #ndustry by > individuals. Those who

to resolve cases ace civil court action.

ey:

Legal ight hits music pirates

The global recording industry has launched its largest wave o legal against people

suspected o music iles on the internet. The latest move by the #nternational

9ederation o the 7honographic #ndustry #97#I /,>00 alleged uploaders

peer%to%peer 7/7I networks in > nations the *G, 9rance,)ermany and #taly. Thousands o people have agreed to pay compensation since the campaign

. #n the *-, civil lawsuits have been against more than >1,1D

people -eptember /00? and there have been ?,1D0 settlements. "This is a

signiicant o our enorcement actions against people who are uploading and

distributing music on p/p networks," said #97# chie 4ohn Gennedy. "Thousands

o people % mostly internet%savvy men in their /0s or ?0s % have learnt to their thelegal and inancial risks involved in ile%sharing copyrighted music in large 'uantities." #ndividual

cases are generally brought by the national associations the recording industry,

and in some cases by the labels, civil complaints. The *G record industry has so ar

brought D cases, with a 1 covered by the latest action. $ore than >@0,000 incompensation has been paid to the British 7honographic #ndustry by > individuals. Those who

to resolve cases ace civil court action.

This activity helps with part 2 of the Use of English paper. You should completethis activity in 15 minutes.


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Click in the gaps and type one word in each gap.

*- publication olling -tone maga!ine is launch in 2hina. The maga!ine,

should hit shelves early net year, will ocus on 2hina"s emerging youth culture as well

oreign arts and entertainment. olling -tone irst published in -an 9rancisco in >D to

chronicle cultural changes in the *-. J&e eel 2hinese music and arts maturing rapidly

and that a 2hinese edition be viable,J said 4immy 4ung, o 3ne &orld 7ublishing.

olling -tone licensed Hong Gong%based 3ne &orld to publish the 2hinese%language

edition. $r 4ung said the maga!ine, to be printed in simpliied 2hinese characters, will

a mi o local content primarily by Beijing%based sta and translations o articles rom

the *- . J&e want to make that we"re aithul to the spirit o the brand,J

said 4ung. He added that Hong Gong and Taiwan had more developed pop cultures,

mainland 2hina more important. J&e eel 2hina oers greater potential and we want tobe there rom the ,J said 4ung, whose company also 2hinese editions oBritish car maga!ine, Top )ear and gadget maga!ine T?.

Gey :> to / which ? as was 1 are will has C contain D written >0 edition >>sure >/ while >? was >@ start >1 publishes

%ambridge (nglish$ %A( 2se of (nglish Di"cult! le#el C1! advanced

This free C"E Use of English #ractice Test helps with the word formation andvoca$ulary that you need to master for the C"E.

%ead the te&t $elow. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of thelines to form a word that 'ts in the gap in the same line.

+econd anguage earning

There has been much debate in recent times about when young people

should take up a second language. This has been especially uelled

in recent times by the increasing placed on the English#$73TA+2E


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language. #t is now commonplace to see parents providing a

substantial amount o on additional tuition on language9*+6-

lessons to give their children every edge. #n the past23$7ET#T#5E

decade, language institutes have sprung up in urban+*$BE3*-

centres, all claiming to provide rapid in English.A65A+2E$E+TThere has been a push by many parents to epose their children to

English in their years. This, many claim, will make the93$AT#5E

language more and ensure that all pronunciation errors#+-T#+2T#5Ecan be avoided. There is some evidence which points to youngsters

who have been raised in amilies, where the language(A+)*A)E %% B#(A+)*A(

spoken at home is dierent to the one that they with23+5E-Ein their eternal environment. &hile these children can switch between

two languages with greater , it remains to be seenEA-E

whether this is when learning additional languages.A65A+TA)3*-

GEK:There has been much debate in recent times about when young people

should take up a second language. This has been especially uelled

in recent times by the increasing placed on the English#$73TA+Tlanguage. #t is now commonplace to see parents providing a

substantial amount o on additional tuition on language9*+6#+)


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lessons to give their children every edge. #n the past23$7ET#T#3+

decade, language institutes have sprung up in urban+*$BE

centres, all claiming to provide rapid in English.A65A+2E6There has been a push by many parents to epose their children to

English in their years. This, many claim, will make the93$AT#3+

language more and ensure that all pronunciation errors#+-T#+2Tcan be avoided. There is some evidence which points to youngsters

who have been raised in amilies, where the language(A+)*A)E

spoken at home is dierent to the one that they with23+5E-AT#3+in their eternal environment. &hile these children can switch between

two languages with greater , it remains to be seenEA-K

whether this is when learning additional languages.

A65A+TA)E

in this part, there is an emphasis on the understanding of a long te)t,including detail, opinion, tone, purpose, main idea, implication,attitude, and also te)t organisation features such as e)empli'cation,comparison and reference.

You are going to read a maga/ine article about an African 'lm festi#al.For questions 1-6, choose the answer which !ou thin4 best 'tsaccording to the te)t.

he +ahara Film Festi#al

Ater a bumpy //1km drive rom a meagre airstrip in Tindou, south western Algeria, a sprawlingsingle%story town begins to emerge rom the desertLs dust. As the sun climbs in the cloudless sky,visitors are rewarded with their irst glimpse o 6akhla reugee camp. #t isnLt the most obvioussetting or a ilm estival, but or seven years, just beore the glit! and glamour o 2annes, the


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-ahrawi people o 6akhla have hosted actors and ilm%makers rom around the world or this si%dayevent. This year, or the irst time, direct lights were laid on rom (ondon, giving the opportunityor overseas visitors to play a part in this etraordinary occasion. But despite the energy andecitement, the background to the ilm estival is a serious one, as the -ahrawi people have beenliving or thirty years in this isolated desert outpost, having been orced to lee their native &estern

-ahara.&estern -ahara, AricaLs last colony, was taken over by $orocco when the -panish withdrew in>D, despite a ruling rom the #nternational 2ourt o 4ustice. This was ollowed by a brutal >%yearwar, during which time tens o thousands o -ahrawis led across the Algerian border to reugeecamps. #n >DD>, a ceaseire agreement was drawn up, in which a reerendum on sel%determinationwas promised to decide the ate o the country and its people. However, almost twenty years later,the gears o diplomacy have turned slowly and nothing has happened. $eanwhile the reugees havebeen let stranded in ive reugee camps dotted around the vast, inhospitable desert.

6akhla, home to nearly ?0,000 o these reugees, is the most remote o these camps, being located

>1 km rom the nearest city. *nlike its namesake, the beautiul coastal city in &estern -ahara, this6akhla has no paved roads and is entirely dependent on outside supplies or ood and water.Temperatures regularly top >/0 degrees, there is minimal vegetation and there are re'uentsandstorms. (ocally it is known as the 6evilLs )arden. 6espite these obvious setbacks, the town isclean and well organised, with wide sandy streets. Houses and tents are grouped in neat amilycompounds. There are hospitals, unded by aid agencies, and a good standard o education. 9or theduration o the estival, an articulated lorry is parked in the central compound, and a multiple%si!edscreen is mounted on its side. Around it are stalls and tents housing workshops and ehibitions.

The aim o the estival is to raise international awareness on the plight o the reugees. However, italso oers a rare chance or the reugees to go to the movies and eperience some educationalopportunities. #t is hoped that it might oster a new generation o -ahrawi ilm%makers, especially asthis year, the estival also celebrated the opening o a permanent ilm, radio and television school ina neighbouring camp.

The program o ilms or this year included over orty ilms rom around the world. 9ilms rangerom international blockbusters to various works on and by the -ahrawi people. The themes mostlycentre on eperiences o struggle and hope, but there were lighter moments, such as an animatedilm or the children and a lash o achel &eis!Ls naked bottom during the ancient Egyptian epicAgora which proved to be a highlight or many older boys. However, the runaway avourite was Fa5ictimeL, a documentary about #brahim (eibeit, a >D%year%old -ahrawi who lost his leg to a landmine last year.

9ilms are screened at night, so the daytime is taken up with ehibitions, camel races and ootballmatches. 3ne aternoon the (ondon%based charity F-andblastL put on a joint workshop with a ilm%maker, giving reugees the opportunity to learn about ilmmaking and create their own videomessages. These were put online so that their etended amilies in &estern -ahara, rom whom theyhave been separated or more than ?? years, could watch them. Helen &hitehead, a ilm%maker rom(ondon said, F&orking together really broke down language and cultural barriers. #t was veryrewarding, and we came across some real talent.L


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$ore than 100 visitors lew into Tindou on charter planes and braved the rough drive to thesettlement. All the visitors to the estival stay with -ahrawi amilies, sharing their homes andpartaking o their ood. (iving with these displaced people gives overseas participants an invaluableinsight into the conditions in which the reugees live. Alongside the ilm bus there are real

celebrities such as actors 5ictoria 6emayo and Helena 3lano. They are mostly B and 2 listers romthe -panish ilm industry, although the real stars do take an interest. 6irector 4avier 2ardo!o was avisitor last year, and 7enelope 2ru! is a long%term supporter, but pulled out o attending the estivalthis year at the last minute. &ill the celebrity backing make a dierence to the plight o thereugees; 7ossibly. 2ardo!oLs suggestion that the -panish, as the e%colonial masters o &estern-ahara, were responsible or the situation received signiicant coverage in the -panish $edia and putsome pressure on the government to take some action. However, although the campaign in -pain isgrowing steadily, the ocus o attention cannot only be on the -panish government.

3n the inal day o the gathering, there is a dusty red%carpet ceremony in which the &hite 2amelaward or best picture is presented to 4ordi 9errer and 7aul 5idal or FEl 7roblemaL, their /00D ilm

about &estern -ahara. Actors, activists and estival organisers gather on stage in high spirits to showtheir solidarity with the reugees. But as the stalls are dismantled and the trucks are driven away, thethoughts o the visitors turn to the people they are leaving behind. They may never get the chance tosee the world or ulil their dreams o becoming actors or ilm%makers. 9or them, there is nowhereto go. 6akhla is essentially a desert prison.

>

#n the irst paragraph, the writer emphasises:

the enthusiasm that the estival instils

the sensational nature o the estivalthe estivalLs increasing media attention

the estivalLs unlikely location

Di"cult! le#el C2! advanced

#art 2 of the C#E Use of English test is a word formation e&ercise where youhave to complete gaps with the correct form of a given word. You shouldcomplete this activity in 2( minutes. This te&t is a$out fears for future glo$alhunger%ead the te&t $elow. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of thelines to form a word that 'ts in the gap in the same line.

-ears o -uture $lobal /unger

A recent report has warned o global ood unless-H3T


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the current system o arming and ood distribution is changed. The

report highlights ears that currently rapid increases in yields come at

the epense o , and that unless action is taken,

-*-TA#+hunger and will become growing problems.+*T#E+TThe population is epected to rise to around C.? billion in the net

twenty years, and is set to continue, and it is*BA+epected that 1%08 o the worldLs population will live in cities.

#ncreasing world will lead to the rise in demand or73-7E3*-energy, ood and resh water.

The report also considers the billion people worldwide who

and are thereore obese to be another eample oEAT

the o the current system to provide health and well%9A#(being to the worldLs population.

The authors believe that the o new technologies canA77(K

play a role in uture ood shortages. They see cloning,$#+#$A(

nanotechnology and genetic as potential solutions.

$36#9KHowever, although many o these technologies have been adopted

worldwide, there is still to their use in parts o Europe.E-#-T


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KEY

+iiculty level: 2/M advanced

7art / o the 27E *se o English test is a word ormation eercise where you have to complete gapswith the correct orm o a given word. Kou should complete this activity in /0 minutes. This tet isabout ears or uture global hungeread the tet below. *se the word given in capitals at the end o some o the lines to orm a wordthat its in the gap in the same line.

-ears o -uture $lobal /unger

A recent report has warned o global ood unless-H3TA)E-the current system o arming and ood distribution is changed. The

report highlights ears that currently rapid increases in yields come at

the epense o , and that unless action is taken,-*-TA#+AB#(#TK

hunger and will become growing problems.$A(+*T#3+The population is epected to rise to around C.? billion in the net

twenty years, and is set to continue, and it is*BA+#NAT#3+epected that 1%08 o the worldLs population will live in cities.

#ncreasing world will lead to the rise in demand or73-7E#TKenergy, ood and resh water.

The report also considers the billion people worldwide who

and are thereore obese to be another eample o35OEAT

the o the current system to provide health and well%9A#(*Ebeing to the worldLs population.


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The authors believe that the o new technologies canA77(#2AT#3+

play a role in uture ood shortages. They see cloning,

$#+#$#N#+)nanotechnology and genetic as potential solutions.$36#9#2AT#3+However, although many o these technologies have been adopted

worldwide, there is still to their use in parts o Europe.E-#-TA+2E

in part 1 of the C#E reading test you read three unrelated te&ts from a range of

sources) each with si& gaps. You must choose one word or phrase from a set offour to 'll each gap. You should complete this activity in 2( minutes.

Click on the gaps) then choose the $est word to 'll the spaces.

*ristleworms # a hobbyist0s guide

Historically, Bristleworms have had a bad reputation among saltwater a'uarium aicionados. These

marine worms usually enter the hobbyist"s a'uarium by a ride on a piece o coral.

3nce established, they become part o the tank"s ecosystem. Bristleworms greatly in

si!e. The smallest ones are about an inch long, and the large ones can grow to over /0 inches,although, being segmented, their bodies are oten and so not usually seen at their

greatest etent. (iterature has re'uently that bristleworms are harmul, assertingthat they eat clams, anemones and even coral ish. However, most enthusiasts now conclude that

small bristleworms no threat, and are merely scavengers, clearing the tank romdetritus and carcasses o animals that are already dead. However, larger worms, particularly those o

the species known as ireworms, are eaters and can do irreparable damage. Theseworms are better removed, although this is a challenge in itsel, as the worms are nocturnal, sensitiveto light and will go into hiding at the slightest disturbance.

7n part 8 of the %9( reading test !ou read a long article and answer 6multiple choice questions. his te)t is about 7melda :arcos. You shouldcomplete this acti#it! in ;< minutes.

You are going to read a maga/ine article. For questions 1-6, choose theanswer which !ou thin4 is best according to the article.


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"n 1nli2ely 3use

A new wave o music and arts projects has emerged, ocusing on someone who may seem or some adubious source o inspiration. #melda $arcos, ormer irst lady o the 7hilippines, is currentlybecoming the subject o musicals, song cycles and shows on a worldwide arena.

&hen the $arcos regime collapsed in >DC, and #melda and her husband 9erdinand were eiled inHawaii, they carried with them allegations o embe!!lement, corruption and human rights abuses.#melda had spent the last twenty years living o a seemingly endless supply o unds, living aneotic and glamorous liestyle and rubbing shoulders with powerul igures worldwide. #n >D/,when the superstar coupleLs popularity was ading and they were at risk o losing their power,9erdinand $arcos instated martial, leading to an era o chaos and plunder, and what is described bysome as the second most corrupt regime o the twentieth century. 9erdinand and #melda led in >DCto escape the 7eopleLs 7ower evolution, #melda leaving behind some /000 pairs o shoes.

Ater her husband died in Hawaii due to ill health, #melda stood trial in the *nited -tates on behal

o her husband. 9ollowing that, she returned to the 7hilippines to ace seventy more counts ocorruption and ta evasion. -he has now returned to congress in the 7hilippines, her

Ater her husband died in Hawaii due to ill health, #melda stood trial in the *nited -tates on behalo her husband. 9ollowing that, she returned to the 7hilippines to ace seventy more counts ocorruption and ta evasion. -he has now returned to congress in the 7hilippines, her make%up andgowns as lawless as ever.

-o what makes #melda $arcos such an appealing muse; *ndoubtedly, #melda $arcosLs resolutecharacter which has withstood eile, legal battles and the wrath o her enemies makes her anappealing heroine, but ilm%maker 9enton Bailey attributes her iconicity to her sense o glamour and

style, and her role as a cultural trend%setter. And like so many women who let nothing come betweenthem and their goals, she has gained a certain iconic status, particularly among homoseuals, notunlike that o 4udy )arland and (ady )aga.

And now the story o #melda $arcos can be seen in the ormat o a musical, an artistic genre whichis 'uite beitting or this lamboyant, entertaining igure o beauty and glamour. F#melda P A newmusicalL has played in (os Angeles and +ew Kork. The artistic director o the musical, Tim 6ang,realises that the musical glosses over the darker aspects o the $arcos regime, but wanted to portray#melda as a person with all her aults on display, leaving the audience to come to a verdict.However, despite the glit! o the show, reviews were mied, stating the Fthe serio%comic spoo... hada vacuum at its centreL.

The story o #melda $arcos has also been immortalised as a song cycle, FHere (ies (oveL written by6avid Byrne and +orman 2ook, in which #melda comes across as both a hero and villain. Theirreasoning was to try to understand the story o how people can attain positions o such power andgreed. They were also inspired by #meldaLs love o dancing and clubbing, and how her own style omusic could be incorporated into their own. Byrne adds that their story is not black and white P thecouple were very popular at irst, and #melda headed a lot o public works in the 7hilippines andadded much to the nationLs sense o culture and identity.


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At the 2ultural 2entre o the 7hilippines, a tour named F(a 5ida #meldaL led by 2arlos -edrandescribes the lie o #melda $arcos, the cold war and martial law, while also portraying the glamouro the #melda liestyle. He describes it as an eternal story, in which her etravagance can be seen aseither distasteul or in some ways estimable.

There is a danger that these new art orms airbrush out the atrocities which accompanied theostentation and glamour. #t was a time when democracy was suppressed, political enemiesdisappeared, and billions o dollars which could have helped the poverty%stricken country were spenton the $arcosLs etravagant liestyle. However, the artists involved are keen to make clear that theregime also resulted in great leaps orward in the countryLs culture, architecture and inrastructure.The $arcos legacy remains in the orm o hospitals, Heart and (ung 2entres, 9olk Art theatres andhomes or children and the elderly, notwithstanding that the $arcos couple set their war%ravaged,poverty%stricken land onto the world stage.

> &hy are #meldaLs shoes mentioned in the second paragraph;

To illustrate how little she cared or her personal possessionsTo illustrate her love o ashion and beauty

To indicate how 'uickly she had to lee the country

To illustrate the etravagance o her liestyle

/ &hat aspect o #meldaLs character is emphasised in paragraph ?;

her lamboyance

her kindness

her resolutionher beauty

? &hy is #melda compared with 4udy )arland and (ady )aga;

6ue to her status as a gay icon

6ue to her ambition and drive

Because she has created new ashions

Because she has triumphed over legal battles

@ &hy was the musical o #meldaLs lie criticised;

Because it did not portray #meldaLs aults

Because the show was too shallow

Because it was too glamorous and showy

Because it was both serious and comedic


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1 &hat was it about #meldaLs story that interested 6avid Byrne and +orman 2ooke;

The ongoing themes o power, greed and music

The act that the story had both a clear hero and villain

The reasoning why people such as #melda become who they are

The act that her musical taste was similar to theirs

According to 2arlos -edran, how do people respond to #meldaLs epensive liestyle;

$ost people are shocked by it.

#t evokes both positive and negative eelings

7eople want to be like her

7eople realise why she did it

&hich o the ollowing is +3T mentioned in the tet as something #melda $arcos did or the7hilippines;

-he made health services available to the people.

-he gave the country a cultural identity.

-he reduced the levels o poverty or 9ilipino people.

-he drew the worldLs attention to the country

*EY 1 d 2 $ +a ,$ 5c -$ c

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