On your Cornell Notes (20 mins)

• Who are the 11 Imperialist nations?• What were six of their motivations for

practicing imperialism?• What resources were Imperialists looking

for world wide? (name 8 (hint, look at maps))

• What African nation managed to avoid takeover by imperialists?

Who are the 11 Imperialist nations?

• Spain• Portugal• France• Britain• The Netherlands• Belgium• Germany• Russia• Ottoman Empire• Japan• The United States

What were six of their motivations for practicing imperialism?

• Religion• Gold• Resources: land, minerals• Markets (places to sell goods)• Cheap labor• Strategic (winning more of the world than the

other imperialists)• Social Darwinism (superiority of the White race

over the rest in the world)

What resources were Imperialists looking for world wide? (name 8 (hint, look at maps))

• Coal• Corn• Coffee• Copper• Cotton • Jute• Manganese• Palm products• Rubber• Silk• Sugar• Timber

• Wheat• Fruit• Rice• Spice• Tin• Fish• Lobster• Gold• Silver• Sheep• Bananas• Cacao

What African nation managed to avoid takeover by imperialists?

• Ethiopia

India Becomes Britain’s “Jewel in the Crown”

p. 303

Why India?

• India was an ancient civilization that had a thriving economy: especially cotton and cotton fabric (calico)

• Invasions by Aryans and Muslims changed its culture, • From 1500, Europeans first traded with India, then

competed to control it.– Portugal came first– Then, France and Britain

• Where is India?

Culture Clash

• Sati: • Hindu wives were expected to jump

on their late husband’s funeral fire while his body was being cremated.

• the BEIC felt the custom must stop and banned it.–Hindus, men and women, were

outraged

Outrageous Cultural Insult

• Sepoy: • Indian soldiers used by the BEIC. • In 1857, Sepoy were ordered to use

the muzzle-loading Enfield .557 rifle. – The cartridge, made of paper, was waterproofed with

grease (animal fat). – This information was spread to all the Sepoy troops,

who violently protested.• Hindus and Muslims felt damned by their religious laws.

– The British had no plans to change it– The Sepoy rebelled.

The Raj

• The British Parliament took control of India from the BEIC.

• This is known as the “Raj”• Queen Victoria was made Empress of India,

though she never visited.– British administrators and laws were to

respect Indian culture. – Reliable, White, British troops were sent to

India• Indians were taxed to cover the cost of the troops.• EC: Who is the British Prime Minister seen

handing the imperial crown to Queen Victoria?• Benjamin Disraeli

Viceroy:• British governor of India,

– appointed by the British monarch. • Had immediate powers over Indian affairs.• The British Civil Service in India was

efficient with a minimum of corruption. – The upper ranks, the administrators, were

Whites. – Most of the government workers were Indian.

• Charles John Canning was Victoria’s first Viceroy and Governor General of India.

Deforestation:• the cutting down of large forest areas. • British pressure compelled the clearing of

land to grow cash crops. – This would cause:

• Massive flooding in the rainy monsoon season• A change in temperature and weather patterns.

– Causing drought in parts of India

• Tens of millions starved and lost their homes to floods

Ram Mohun Roy:• upper-class Indian scholar • felt that India should

–learn British ways –continue the best of Indian ways.

Ram Mohun Roy

• Purdah: – custom of keeping women in the home and

separate from the husband.– Ram Mohun Roy felt this custom got in the

way of Indian progress.

Thinking Critically, p. 305

• 1• Hindu and Muslim troops were forced to

break their religious beliefs.• 2• Northern and central India

Standards Check, p. 305

• Causes of the Sepoy Rebellion:• British changes that violated Hindu (and

Muslim) beliefs:– Travel out of India– Biting off greased (animal) cartridge tips for

rifle ammunition– Allowing widows to remarry

Images, p. 306

• Question (6)• Increased peace and order• Improved communication• Improved transportation (rails, roads, harbors)• Fairer legal system• Increased sense of unity• Better education for the upper class Indians.

Standards Check, p. 306

• Question:• Nomadic herders became farmers• Farmers grew cash crops, not food crops• Deforestation for more farmland• New, British farming methods

Standards Check, p. 307:

• Question:• Some Indians adopted Western culture• Others favored a mixture of Indian and

Western cultures.• A few British respected Indian culture, but

most disparaged it.

Standards Check, p. 307

• Question:• British rule led to schooling in Western

ideals of democracy• This led to nationalism.

p. 308, thinking critically

• 1.• Container ships allowed speedier delivery of

goods and lower prices• Improved automobiles led people to build more

roads, move to suburbs, and travel more.• Airplanes led to more travel by reducing the

amount of time needed to get from one place to another.

End homework

• Begin class work