[onluyen.net]Ngu_phap_tieng_Han_Quoc-_tieu_chuan

7/31/2019 [onluyen.net]Ngu_phap_tieng_Han_Quoc-_tieu_chuan

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Th vin trc tuyn Onluyen.net

http://onluyen.net 1

Tong hp & bien dch:Le Huy Khoa

Ng phap c ban

TIENG HAN


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Trng Hn Ng Kanata Tc gi : L Huy Khoa

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Muc lucChng I: Tr t -

1. Danh t / ...............................................................................................10 2. Danh t / ...............................................................................................11 3. Danh t .....................................................................................................12 4. Danh t / ...............................................................................................13 5. Danh t .....................................................................................................14 6. Danh t ................................................................................................15 7. Danh t ................................................................................................16 8. Danh t .....................................................................................................17 9. Danh t + / , Danh t + , () ..............................................18

10. Danh t + , , , .................................................................19 11. Danh t + , + , + , + ..................2012. Danh t + ... Danh t +

Danh t + ... Danh t + ...........................................................21 13. Danh t + () ...........................................................................................22 14. Danh t + () ...........................................................................................23 15. Danh t ................................................................................................24 16. Danh t () ...............................................................................................25

Chng II: Tho ket thuc cau - A. Tho ket thuc cau ..........................................................28

1. Danh t ............................................................................................28 2. Danh t ? ..........................................................................................293. Tnh t, ong t / .......................................................................30 4. Tnh t, ong t + /?..................................................................31 5. Danh t + / . ...........................................................................326. ong t + () ..................................................................................33


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7. ong t + ()()?.............................................................................34 8. ong t + ()! ................................................................................359. ong t + ()?

Danh t + () ()? ...............................................................................3610. ong t + ()

Danh t + ..................................................................................37 11. ong t + () (). ...........................................................................3812. ong t + () Danh t + () (). .....................................3913. ong t , tnh t + ()()/

Danh t + ()()/ .........................................................................40

B. Hnh thc bo ng .........................................................41 1. Tnh t lam bo ng () ......................................................................41 2. ong t lam bo ng -()/ -/-() .................................................42

C. Cac hnh thc danh t hoa ...........................................441. ong t, tnh t .......................................................................................44 2.

ong t, tnh t () ................................................................................45

D. Cac hnh thc pho t hoa ............................................461. Tnh t ......................................................................................................46 2. ong t .....................................................................................................47 3. Cac loai pho t ..............................................................................................47

E. Cac hnh thc ket noi ...................................................49

1. ong t, tnh t Danh t () ........................................................49 2. ong t, tnh t (/) .....................................................................50 3. ong t, tnh t () Danh t () .........................................52 4. ong t () (, , ) ...................................................535. ong t () ()............................................................................53 6. ong t, tnh t Danh t () .............................................54 7.

ong t (

)

Danh t (

)

.......................................................56 8. ong t , tnh t + ()


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ong t + Danh t + .............................................................................................57

9. ong t, tnh t ()Danh t / ..................................................................................58

10. ong t () .............................................................................................5911. ong t, tnh t (/) ................................................................60 12. ong t, tnh t ()............................................................................61 13. ong t + .............................................................................................62 14. ong t, tnh t (/) .....................................................................63 15. ong t ............................................................................................64 16. ong t, tnh t +

Danh t + () ....................................................................................65

Chng III: ai danh t - 1. Nay, kia, ay// ..................................................................................68 2. Cai nay/ cai kia/ cai ay// ................................................69 3. ay/ kia/ cho ay / / .........................................70 4. Ai / la ai / .................................................................................71 5. au, ni nao ....................................................................................72 6. G, cai g ..............................................................................................73 7. Khi nao, bao gi ................................................................................74 8. Bao nhieu /..............................................................................75 9. Nao/ g / + Danh t ...................................................................76

10. May, bao nhieu + Danh t ..................................................................77Chng IV: Thi the -

1. ong t, tnh t (/) ............................................................79 2. ong t, tnh t .......................................................................................80 3. ong t, tnh t /

Tnh t ong t / ..........................................................................................81


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4. ong t, tnh t + ...................................................................................83 5. ong t + ......................................................................................84

Chng V: Cac bieu hien phu nh - 1. Danh t / Khong, khong phai la ...............................872. ong t / tnh t + + ong t/ tnh t Khong, khong phai. .........................................88

3. ong t/tnh t + + ong t Khong the, khong c... .............................................89

4. ong t + ng, hay ng ..................................................915. ong t ()

Danh t Khong the, khong c..................................926. ong t () / Cha tng .....................................947. ong t, tnh t () Biet (cach) lam g ..................95

ong t , tnh t () Khong (biet) cach lam g ...........958. ong t, tnh t () Neu... th khong c ................96

ong t, tnh t (,) Du... cung c ....................96

Chng VI: Cach the hien s ton trong - 1. Ton trong chu the ............................................................100 2. Ton trong ngi nghe/oi tng/

ngoi th hai ........................................................................101 3. Cac cach ton trong khac ..............................................102


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Chng VII: ong t va tnh t bat qui tac /

1. Bat qui tac ...................................................................105 2. Bat qui tac ...................................................................106 3. ong tnh t bat qui tac ................................................107 4. ong tnh t bat qui tac ................................................109 5. ong tnh t bat qui tac ................................................110 6. ong tnh t bat qui tac ................................................111 7.

ong tnh t bat qui tac

................................................112

Chng VIII: Hnh thc b ong - 1. Cac t vng b ong []...........................................................114 2. ong t, tnh t ( ,) ..........................................................115 3. ong t, tnh t .........................................................................116

Chng IX: The chu ong - 1. Cac ngoai ong t(T v ng co tnh chu ong)......................................................................119

2. ong t, tnh t .........................................................................120 Chng X: Cach dan dung (gian tiep) -

1. Dan dung trc tiep []............................................................124 //// .......................124

2. Dan dung gian tiep [] ...........................................................125(/) , (), (/), (), () , ...............................125

3. Rut gon [] ............................................................................................127Chng XI: Cac t noi -

1. Va, v i ...................................................................................1302. / Tuy nhien/ Tuy... nhng ...............................131


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3. Neu vay th, ne u the th .........................................................1324. V vay, v the nen....................................................................1345. Tuy... nhng, the ma...............................................................1356. Chnh v vay, v the nen ....................................................1367. Tuy the ... nhng, du vay........................................................138

Chng XII: Hnh thc gia nh - 1. Danh t () Neu la, neu ..........................................................1402. ong t, tnh t () Neu, neu... th..............................................1413. ong t (/), Tnh t Neu .........................................142

Chng XIII: Cac hnh thc the hien khac - 1. () ..........................................................................................................144 2. () ............................................................................................................146 3. .................................................................................................................151 4. / ..............................................................................................................154 5. ....................................................................................................................156 6. ....................................................................................................................159 7. ....................................................................................................................160 8. (/) ..................................................................................................162 9. ()/ ..................................................................................................163

10. (, ) ..................................................................................................16511. () ............................................................................................................168 12. () ............................................................................................................170 13. () ........................................................................................................171 14. () ............................................................................................................172 15. ....................................................................................................................174 16. ............................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.17.

...............................................................................................................176 18. Cac cau truc khac .......................................................................................177


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Chng XIV: Cac nguyen tac phat am - 1. Luyen am ......................................................................................181 2. Bien oi phu am .........................................................................................1813. Khinh am hoa (oc nhe) ...........................................................................1834. Cach am hoa ................................................................................183 5. Phat am ..........................................................................184 6. Am vom mieng ho a ...............................................................185

Phu luc - 1.

Bang tom tat cach dien giai ton trong, bnh thngva khong ton trong (ha thap) , ..........................1862. Tho ket thuc cuoi cau ................................................................................1873. Cac ai danh t nghi van ..........................................................................1884. Hnh thc rut gon cua cac ai danh t...................................................1895. So lng t ...................................................................................................1906. ong t the b ong................................................................................1917. ong t the chu ong (ngoai ong t)...............................................1928. ong t lam bo ng cac thi the.........................................................1949. Tnh t lam bo ng.....................................................................................195

10. Cac o ng, tnh t bat qui tac ....................................................................196


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Trng Hn NgKanata Tc gi : L Huy Khoa

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1- Danh t / 2- Danh t / 3- Danh t 4- Danh t / 5- Danh t 6- Danh t 7- Danh t 8- Danh t 9- Danh t

10- Danh t / , 11- Danh t , , 12- Danh t , ,

Danh t - , - 13- Danh t ( ) 14- Danh t ( ) 15- Danh t 16- Danh t ( )

I Tr t


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DANH T /

La tr t chu ng, ng sau cac danh t lam chu ng, ngoai ra concac tr t khac nh , ( ) .

Dung khi danh t lam chu ng iau ket thuc bang cac phu am.

Dung khi danh t lam chu ng iau ket thuc bang nguyen am.

: + =

: + = : + =

: + =

- : Tri ma.

- : Tieng Han Quoc kho.

- : Em gai ep.

- : Khong co thi gian.

1. Khi ket hp vi cac ai t nh , , , lam chu ng thbien thanh , , , .

2. Trong khau ng va van viet co khi lc bo, khong dung ti.

- ( ) ?: Anh ta la ai?

- () ?: May i au ay?

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DANH T /

La tr t at ang sau danh t, khi danh t o lam tan ng ch mucch, tra li cho cau hoi: g, cai g.

Dung khi danh t ket thuc bangcac phu am.

Dung khi danh t ket thu c bang cacnguyen am.

: + =

: + =

- : Hoc tieng Han.

- : Ngay nao cung xem bao.

- : Toi thch the thao.

- : Me mua trai cay.

1. Trong khau ng hoac trong mot so trng hp, danh t ket thucbang phu am th c oc hoac viet gan lien cung vi danht o.- : Xem phim va uong ca phe.

- ?: Lam cai g o?

2.Trong khau ng va van viet th co khi b lc bo, khong dung

ti.- ( ) ?: Anh co gioi tieng Anh khong?

- ( ) ?: An cm cha?

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DANH T i cung vi danh t, co y ngha: cung, cung.

: + = (Toi cung).

: + = (Ban toi cung).

Co y ngha giong nh , , , at sau danh t, co ngha cung,ong thi, bao ham.

- : Toi cung la hoc sinh.

- , : Hat cung hay ma hoc cung gioi.

- : Toi khong co tien, cung changco viec lam.

- ?: Anh cung uong ca phe anh ?

Co luc dung e nhan manh, at sau danh t, ong t vv ch mc o.

- : Han Quoc cung co hoa anh ao.

- : Ngay chu nhat cung lam.

- : Chang ep ma cung chang xau.

- : au nen cm cung khong an c.

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DANH T /

at sau danh t nham nhan manh chu the cua cau van hoac nham chs so sanh, oi chieu.

Dung khi danh t ket thuc bangcac phu am.

Dung khi danh t ket thu c bang cacnguyen am.

: + =

: + =

- . : Co sach. Khong co t ien.

- . : Xe buyt chay cham. Tauien chay nhanh.

- : Cai nay la hang ngoai.

- : V ay la giao s Kim.- : Toi chang quan tam.

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DANH T

Ch v tr, phng hng, c at sau cac danh t ve a iem, thigian, phng hng. Co ngha: ti, , vaoluc.

: + =

: + =

: + =

- : i ch.- ?: Bay gi anh au?

- : Tap the duc vao buoi sang.

- : Ngay mai toi nha.

Ngoai y ngha tren, con nhieu y ngha khac nh: bi v, bang vi,

cho, trongvong, vi.- : Ti nc cho cay.

- : V gio nen cay o.

- ?: Anh mua cai o vi gia bao nhieu?

- : Moi nam gap mot lan.

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DANH T

at sau danh t ch a iem, bieu hien iem xuat phat cua hanhong, co ngha la: t, . Chu yeu i vi cac ong t: en, t, ti.

: + = (t Viet Nam, Viet Nam)

: + = (t nong thon, nong thon).

Trong khau ng, b rut ngan thanh : ,

- ?: ien thoai t ni nao ti?

- : Toi t Viet Nam ti.

- ?: Anh t au ti?

- : Co tin t van phong ti.

- : Co thong bao t nha trng ti.

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DANH T

at sau danh t ch v tr, bieu hien s viec, hanh ong xay ra, congha , tai.

: + = ( nha, tai nha).

: + = (tai cong ty, tai c quan).

Co khi i vi cac danh t ch oan the, lam tr t chu the cua hanh

ong o.- : ai S quan Viet Nam tai

Han Quoc chu tr.

- : Hoc tieng Han tai trung tamngoai ng.

- : Em gai toi lam viec ai truyen

hnh.- ?: Anh lam viec au?

- ?: Anh lam g Han Quoc.

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DANH T

La tr t ch s hu cach. ng sau danh t, ch s s hu, co ngha:cua, thuocve.

: + = (cua em)

: + = (cua toi)

Vi s hu cua cac ai t nh , , co the rut gon:

= : =

= : =

= : =

- ?: Xe nay la cua ai?

- : Ten toi la Bea Sung Hi.

- ?: Thi tiet Viet Nam nh the nao?

- : T bay gi tr i la mua cuatrai cay.

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DANH T + / , DANH T + , ( )

Bieu th s ket noi danh t va danh t trong cau, co y ngha vi, cungvi, vavv

Dung khi danh t ket thuc bangcac nguyen am.

Dung khi danh t ket thu c bang cacphu am.

: + = (chuoi va nho).

: + = (tien va quyen lc).: + = (giao vien va hoc sinh).

: + = (Song Hy va Yong Jun).

1.Cung co the ket hp vi cac tr t khac thanh - / ,-/ , - /

- : Anh ta noi chuyen vi caong vat.

2. Trong khau ng thng c thay the bang va( ) .

3. Cung co trng hp ng sau danh t, khong ket noi lien vi danht khac nhng van co y ngha ket noi: + = (cungvi ban), + = (cung vi ch).

- : An cm va thc an.- : Trong tu lanh co kem

va trai cay.

- : i cau cung vi ban.

- : Thay giao ang noichuyen vi hoc sinh.

- : Toi cai nhau vi a em.

- ?: Anh ket hon vi ai vay?

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DANH T + , , ,

Ch phng hng cua hanh ong, at sau cac danh t, ch phnghng lien quan en danh t o, co ngha: cho, vi, ve, oivi.

: + = (cho em, vi em).

: + = (vi thay giao).

: + = (vi ban).

: + = (cho hoa).

- c dung nhieu trong khau ng.

- dung trong trng hp ton knh.

- , , c dung cho ngi va ong vat, con cac trnghp khac dung .

- : Cho cho an cm.

- ?: Anh co g muon noi vi toi khong?

- : Gi th cho em trai.

- : Toi a noi chuyen vi giam oc.

- : Goi ien thoai cho thay giao.

- : Ti nc cho hoa.

- ?: Goi ien ve nha cha?

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DANH T + , + ,+ , +

Ch ni xuat x, xuat phat cua ong tac, hanh ong, t ngi nao o,t a iem nao o. Co ngha: t, , cua. i nhieu vi cac ong t , ,

= (t ngi ban).

= (t trng hoc).

= (t que).

- : Hoc tieng Han t anh trai.

- : c thay giao khen.

- : c ban mi.

- : Nhan c th t Viet Nam.

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DANH T + ... DANH T + DANH T + ... DANH T +

at sau cac danh t ch v tr, thi gian, a iem, bieu hien s batau cho en ket thuc. Co ngha: t en, t cho ti.

: (t thanh pho Ho ChMinh ti Ha Noi). : (t nha ti trng hoc).

: (t sang ti toi).

Cung co luc no i cung vi ong t hoac menh e khac, bieu th yngha tng t, trong trng hp o thng i cung vi , .

- : Songhanh phuc t khi gap anh ay en nay.

- : i bo t ay ve ti nha.

- 11 3 : Han Quoc lanh t thang11 ti thang 3.

- 2004 2006 : Toi se hoctieng Han t nam 2004 en nam 2006.

- ?: Moi ngay lam viec tmay gi en may gi.

- ?: May bay i tViet Nam ti Han Quoc mat may tieng?

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DANH T + ( )

Tr t ch phng hng, i cung vi cac t ch phng hng, ch schuyen ong, v tr. Co ngha: ve pha, vehng, hngti.

( )

Dung khi i cung vi danh t itrc ket thuc bang nguyen amhoac bang phu am .

Dung khi i cung vi danh t itrc ket thuc bang phu am.

: + = (ve pha sau).: + = (ve pha trng hoc).

: + = (ve hng van phong).

- ?: Anh i au vay?

- : Ngay mai toi i Han Quoc.

- : i xuong pha di.- : Toi ang ti cong ty.

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DANH T + ( )

ng sau cac danh t ch phng phap, cong cu, bien phap. Congha: bang, dung bang.

Ca

u

t

= (bang may bay).

= (bang ien thoai).

= (bang ua).

- : Toi t Viet Nam en bangmay bay.- : Ban lam bang go.

- : Noi chuyen bang tieng Han Quoc.

- ?: Cai nay lam bang g?

- : i lam (i ve) bang tau ien.

( )

Dung khi i cung vi danh t itrc ket thuc bang nguyen amhoac bang phu am .

Dung khi i cung vi danh t itrc ket thuc bang phu am.

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DANH T

Tr t so sanh, ng sau danh t ch s so sanh vi danh t o,thng i cung vi cac t , , vv Co ngha la: so vi, so.

= (Tao nho hn so vi da hau).

= (May bay nhanh hn sovi tau hoa).

Khi i cung vi cac ong t th thng nhat thiet phai co cac pho tch mc o nh , ,

- : An nhieu tao hn da.

- : Hoc cham hn ngi khac.

- : Thch bong a hn bong ro.

- : Viet Nam ln hn Han Quoc.

- : Ngi em ep hn ngi ch.

- : Em trai nhn ln hn so vi anhtrai.

- : Thi tiet nong hn bnh thng.

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DANH T ( )

Ket noi hai danh t vi nhau, bieu hien s la chon. Co ngha la:hoac la, hoac.

Dung khi ket hp vi danh t itrc ket thuc bang nguyen am.

Dung khi ket hp vi danh t itrc ket thuc bang phu am.

=

=

1. Trong trng hp ch ket hp vi mot danh t i trc no, th congha ay la s la chon khong c man nguyen cho lam. Congha: la hay la, hay vay th.

- : Tri nong, hay la chung ta i bi vay.

2. Co khi ket hp vi so t, bieu hien s c lng, co ngha khoang,chng.

- ?: Anh con khoang bao nhieu tien?

- ?: Cong viec ay mat khoang mayngay.

3. Co khi ket hp vi cac so t bieu hien s ngac nhien, co ngha:nhng, ti, timc.

- : Anh ta uong nhng nam chai ru.- 12 : Moi ngay lam viec nhng 12

tieng ong ho.

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4. Co khi ket hp vi danh t, ai t, co ngha la: cho du, du, bat c.

- : (Viec g cung lam).

- : (Ai cung biet).

- : (Cho toi cai nao cung c).

- : Hay ien thoai hoac viet th i ch.

- : Hay noi chuyen bang tieng Hanhoac tieng Anh.

- : Hay cho toi tra hoac ca phe.

- : Toi muon hoc tieng Anhhoac tieng Hoa.

- : Toi muon i du lch Myhoac Uc.

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II Tho ket thuc cauA. Tho ket thuc cau -

B. Bo ng -

C. Cac hnh thc danh t hoa -

D. Cac hnh thc pho t hoa -

E. Ket no i -


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A. Tho ket thuc cau

DANH T

Tho ket thuc cau tran thuat, la hnh thc bieu hien cua ong t . Khong the chia tho ( ) hoac ( ) . Co

ngha la: la

= .

=

- : Toi la ngi Viet Nam.- : ay la thanh phoHo Ch Minh.

- : Ho la ngi nc ngoai.

- : Hom nay la th ba.

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DANH T ?

La cau truc nghi van, dang cau hoi cua ong t . Co the i vicac danh t hoac cac t e hoi nh , , La tho chialch s, cong thc. Co ngha la: cophaikhong, co phai la, la g, g?

= ? (Co phai la hoc sinh khong?).

= ? (La cai g vay?).

= ? (Bao gi vay?).

- ?: Ai la Minsu?

- ?: Nha anh au?

- ?: Tao gia bao nhieu?

- ?: Anh ay la giao vien phai khong?

- ?: Cai nay la cai g vay?

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TNH T, ONG T /

Tho ket thuc cau tran thuat, chia cung vi ong t hoac tnh t, la thochia lch s, cong thc.

- -

Dung khi ong t hoac tnh tket thuc bang nguyen am hoacmau am .

Dung khi ong t hoac tnh tket thuc bang phu am.

=

=

=

=

=

- : Hoc tieng Han tai Han Quoc.- : Mon an Han Quoc rat cay.

- 8 : Moi ngay lam viec 8 tieng.

- : Toi thch bong a.

- : Ngay mai khong co thi gian.

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TNH T, ONG T + / ?

Tho chia trong cau hoi cua ong t va tnh t, la hnh thc chia congthc, lch s. Co ngha: khong, co khong?, hay khong?

- -

Dung khi ong t hoac tnh tket thuc bang nguyen am hoacphu am .

Dung khi ong t hoac tnh tket thuc bang phu am.

= ? (Co i khong?).

= ?(Co an khong?).

= ?(Co xa khong?).

- ?: Bay gi anh lam g?

- ?: Co nhieu ban khong?

- ?: Bao gi anh co thi gian?- ?: Anh co thch hoa khong?

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DANH T + / .

ng sau cac danh t, tho ket thuc cau tran thuat, co vai tro giong va thay the cho trong khau ng, khong mo pham.

Cung co ngha: la, ay la

- -

Dung khi danh t ket thuc bangnguyen am.

Dung khi danh t ket thuc bangphu am.

= (ay la bc th).

= (ay la cai o).

= (ay la sach).

va eu co the dung trong cau hoi, co y hoi: khong,phai khong. Khi la cau hoi th ngi noi can phai len giong, thng

ket hp vi cac t e hoi nh , , - ?: Anh ang au vay?

- ?: Cai nay la cai g?

- ?: Ngi ay la ai vay?

- : Em toi la sinh vien.

- : ay la ban cua toi.

- : Nha toi ang kia.

- : ay la v toi.

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ONG T + ( )

Tho chia trong cau cau khien, i cung vi cac ong t ch s yeu cau,cau khien, ru re, cung lam mot viec g o. Co ngha: hay cung, cung.

- -

Dung khi ong t ket thuc bangnguyen am hoac phu am .

Dung khi ong t ket thuc bangphu am.

= (hay cung i). = (hay cung oc).

- : Tat ca chung ta cung lam nao.

- : Hay ngh mot chut

- : Nao hay cung uong ca phe.

- : Nao hay cung xem phim nghe.

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ONG T + ( ) ( )?

Tho chia ket thuc cau. i lien vi ong t, the hien chu nh cuamnh va hoi y kien cua ngi nghe, co y ru hoac d oan, t hoi motieu nao o.

Co ngha: 1.Hay la, cungnhe, nhe, co c khong?

2.c khong, khong nh, cha nh?

- ( ) - ( )

Dung khi ong t ket thuc bangnguyen am hoac bang phu am .

Dung khi ong t ket thuc bangcac phu am.

= ( )? (Lam nhe?).

= ( )? (Co khong nh?).

= ( )? (Hay ngoi xuong ay nhe?).

= ( )? (e xem th nhe?).

Khi cau truc ( ) c i cung vi danh t, co y d oan: cophai la, la... phai khong?

- ( )?: Anh la hoc sinh phai khong?

- ( )?: Anh ay la bac s phai khong?

- ( )?: Te nhat qua, hay chung ta xem phimnhe? (Ngha 1)

- ( )?: Toi giup anh nhe? (Ngha 1)

- ()?: Hay ta ien ve cong ty xemth nhe? (Ngha 1)

- ()?: Chung ta lam mot chen ru nhe? (Ngha 1)

- ()?: Mot mnh anh ay co lam ckhong nh? (Ngha 2)

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- (): Anh ay en khong nh? (Ngha 2)

- (): Bay gi em toi a enSeoul cha nh? (Ngha 2)

ONG T + ( ) !

Tho ket thuc cau e ngh, menh lenh, yeu cau.Co ngha: hay, i, mi.

- -( )

Dung khi ong t ket thuc bangnguyen am hoac phu am .


= (Hay xem, mi xem).

= (Hay oc).

= (Hay ngoi xuong, mi ngo)i.

- : Hay (nhat nh) lam bai tap nhe!

- : Neu can hay ien thoai.

- : Hay tham quan xem/ hay ngam xem.

- :Anh hay tra li i.

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ONG T + ( )?DANH T + ( ) ( )?

Tho ket thuc cau, ngi noi a biet trc mot s that nao o va noicho ngi nghe e xac nhan lai s that o ma ngi nay (tc la nginghe) cung a biet ve s that nay, co khi bieu at muon gianh cs ong y cua ngi nghe.Co ngha: khong? ung khong?

= ? (Anh thch ung khong?) = ? (Lanh ung khong?)

= ? (Anh la hoc sinh ung khong?)

Trong van viet hoac ca trong van noi, co khi c viet hoacnoi ngan ngon thanh .

- ?: Anh la giao s Kim ung khong vay?- ?: Anh co the giup toi c khong?

- ?: Cong viec nhieu nh vay, anh ban lamphai khong?

- ?: Anh nhat nh en d am ci cua toich?

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ONG T + ( ) DANH T +

Tho ket thuc cau. Bieu hien s d oan, mot d nh, hoac mot sthat cha c xac nh chnh xac.Co ngha: chac la, chac, co le la, co the la, se.

- -

Dung khi ong t ket thuc bang

nguyen am hoac bang phu am.

Dung khi ong t ket thuc bang

phu am.

= (Chac la se i).

= (Chac la a en ni).

= (Chac la a en).

= (Chac la hoc sinh).

c dung nhieu cho ngoi th 3.

- : Co le ngay mai tri se ma.

- : Chac bo phim ay se hay.

- : Anh ta se en ay.

- : Nhng ngi ay chac la ngi ncngoai.

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ONG T + ( ) ( ).

Tho ket thuc cau, bieu hien mot s chac chan, mot li ha, kehoachcua ngi noi. Co ngha: se, chac se.

- ( ) - ( )

Dung khi ong t ket thuc bangnguyen am hoac bang phu am

.


= ( ) (Se lam).

= ( ) (Se an).

Ch i vi ngoi th nhat, toi, chung toi, ta, chung ta.

- : Toi se ien thoai.

- : i ve toi se lien lac (vi anh).- : Viec o toi se lam.

- : Co thi gian toi se en.

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ONG T + ( )DANH T + ( ) ( ).

Tho ket thuc cau. Nham giai thch mot s that hoac a mot ly donao o, co khi e nhan manh mot y, mot nguyen do nao o.Co ngha la: v, do v, la v.

= ( ) (v au).

= ( ) (v khong co).

= ( ) (v ghet).

- Co the i vi th qua kh ( / ) nhng khong the i vi thtng lai dung .

- Thng dung trong cau tra li hoac mot cau co hai y ma y trcneu len s viec va y sau dung e giai thch s viec o.

- : Ngay mai (do) toi cothi gian, chung ta gap nhau vao buoi chieu nhe.

- , : Toi cha lam cviec o, v khong co thi gian.

- : a chuan b xong, chung ta i thoi.

- : Chieu toi khong ban, cau en

chi nhe.

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ONG T, TNH T + ( ) ( )/ DANH T + ( ) ( )/

Tho ket thuc cau cam than. The hien, nhan manh mot s ngac nhienhoac cam than nao o. Thng i nhieu vi cac pho t ch mc onh , ,

Co ngha: that la, th rala, te ra, hoa ra

( )/ Dung khi ket hp vi tnh t.

( )/ Dung khi ket hp vi ong t. ( ), Dung khi i vi danh t.

= / (ep qua/ th ra ep the).

= / (th ra ang ngu).

= / (th ra la thay giao).

- : Thi tiet lanh qua/ th ra la thi tiet lanh qua.

- : Anh noi tieng Anh gioi qua.

- : Th ra cau la Yongsu.

- : Cau hat hay qua/ Th ra la cau hat haythe.

- : Thi tiet that la nong.

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B. Hnh thc bo ng

TNH T LAM BO NG ( )

Khi mot tnh t bo ngha cho mot danh t, thng co ngha hien tai.

Dung khi tnh t ket thuc bang nguyen am. Dung khi tnh t ket thuc bang phu am.

Dung khi tnh t ket thuc bang phu am .

= (tau nhanh (khac vi cham)).

= (co gai ep).

= (can phong nho).

= (mot mua he nong nc).

1. Vi nhng tnh t co cau truc , nh , ,th khi nhng tnh t nay lam bo ngha cho danh t khongphai dung ( ) ma dung .

- = (mon an ngon).

- = (bo phim khong hay).

2. Vi cac tnh t ket thuc bang nguyen am th khi lam bo ngth dung ma khong dung .

- = (thi tiet lanh).

- = (bien rong).

3. Vi cac tnh t ket thuc bang phu am nh , ,khi lam bo ng th chuyen thanh phu am

- = (ao o).

- = (toc vang).

- : Co ay ang hat bai hat buon.

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- : ng coi thng nhng ngingheo.

- : Anh ta la ngi ban thu v.

- : Hay can than thi tiet nong.- : Toi thch cac mon an cay.

- : Mac ao vang ra ng.

ONG T LAM BO NG

-( ) /- /-( )

Tuy theo viec ong t lam bo ng ket hp vi ( ) , hay , hay( ) ma y ngha bo ng ve thi the cung khac nhau.

Qua kh: dung-( )

Hien tai: dung-

Tng lai: dung( )

= (ngi ban (ma trc ay) a gap).

= (ngi ban (ma hien nay) ang gap).

= (ngi ban (ma trong tng lai) se gap).

1. Khi noi ve mot s viec mnh a trai qua, mot thoi quen, cung co

the dung - e dien ta. = (ao a tng mac).

= (ban nhac a tng nghe).

2. Khi hoi tng, noi ve mot s viec mnh a trai qua, co y qua khhoan thanh th chia ong t thi qua kh - / / va dung .

= (ngi ban a gap trc ay). = (a tng hoc).

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3. Co khi danh t lam bo ngha cho danh t, th dung .

= (ngi ban ca s).

= (ao Cheju que hng).

- : Ngay ma th khong i rangoai.

- : Nhng ngi se en dulch Viet Nam ngay cang ong.

- : Toi a tm c o vat b mat trcay.

- : Chang co cai e mac, cungchang co cai e an.

- : Gap lai ngi ban a chia taytrc ay.

- ?: Cho anh va i la au?

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C. Cac hnh thc danh t hoa

ONG T, TNH T

Dung khi muon chuyen mot ong t hoac mot tnh t thanh mot danht. Co ngha: caiviec, viec vv..c dung nhieu trong van viet, cac cau khau hieu, tuc ng, thanhng.

= (viec s dung).

= (viec hoc hanh). = (s kho khan).

- : Viec hoc tieng Han kho qua.

- : Ngay mai co thi viet.

- : Banh nhn ngon th an cung ngon.

- : Cau be ay ch thch chi thoi.

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ONG T, TNH T ( )

Cung co chc nang tng t nh dung e bien mot ong t, tnht thanh danh t. Co ngha: cai, s, viec, caiviec...

= (giac m).

= (noi au).

1. Co mot so ong t khi chuyen sang danh t i co nh vi -

hoac-( ) .Vi : , , ,

Vi : , , , ,

2. c dung nhieu trong van viet, cac cau tuc ng, thanh ng, khauhieu, bang hieu.

- : Vui qua nen bat ra tieng ci.

- : Hom nay ngh/ khong ban.

- : Anh ta co giac m cua mnh.

- : Buon vui lan lon.

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D. Cac hnh thc pho t hoa

TNH T

Dung sau tnh t, co chc nang noi ro ve mc o, trang thai va yngha cua hanh ong xay ra tiep theo. Co ngha: motcach, nhbang,enmc...

= (mot cach ang yeu).

= (mot cach ngon mieng).

- : Cau be ay ci (mot cach) de thng.

- : Chung toi an cm (mot cach) ngon lanh.

- : Toi mua c hang (re).

- : Hay noi chuyen cho va long

nhau.

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ONG T

Khi ket hp vi ong t, th co y ngha giai thch muc ch cuahanh ong pha sau, giong nh .

Co ngha: e, e cho, e co the...

= (e co the ngu c, e ngu).

= (e oc sach).

- : Hay no lc e co c thanh tchtot.

CAC LOAI PHO T

Pho t ch thigian

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

Pho t ch tansuat

, , , ,

Cac pho tthng

, , , , ,

Pho t ch mc o , , , , , ,

Cac ong t hoac tnh t, danh t ket hp cung vi - ,- , - , - va khi o tr thanh pho t:

( ) , , , , , ,

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( ) , ,

( )

, , , , , ,

( ) , , , ,


49/200


1

E. Cac hnh thc ket noi

ONG T, TNH T DANH T ( )

Ket noi danh t, tnh t hoac ong t, co s ket noi theo thi gianhoac ong thi. Co ngha: va, roi, roi th, hoac.

ong t, tnh t

Danh t co patxim +

khong co patxim

+ (Lam bai tap roi xem tivi).

+ (ay la sach con kia la but ch).

1. Khi hai cau truc danh t noi ket vi nhau th co ngha la: khongke, du la.- : Du nam hay n th eu lam

c.

- : Du la banh hay cm eu anc.

2. Khi c dung trong s ket noi thi gian th co the thay the

bang .- =

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: Tap the duc xong th tam.

- : Lam bai tap xong th abong.

3. Khi nhng ong t hoac tnh t co t trai ngha, ket hp vi nhngt trai ngha o th cau thanh s ket noi oi lap.- : Cac van e ln

nho eu a c giai quyet.- : Ngi th nhieu ma thc an th t.

- : Mua ong tuyet ri va lanh.

- : Tot nghiep xong toi se i lam.

- : Bong a th thang con bong roth thua

- : Xem sach xong roi ngu.

ONG T, TNH T ( / )

Ch s ket noi cua ong t hoac tnh t, trnh bay mot nguyen nhannao o pha sau hoac mot ieu kien.

- Dung khi cac ong t, tnh t ket thuc bang phu am ,

.- Dung khi cac ong t, tnh t ket thuc bang phu am

,, , .

- Dung khi cac ong tnh t ket thuc bang .

Co ngha: do, v, v... cho nen, la.... nen.

+ (au bung nen i vien).

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+ (Do muonnen i taxi).

+

(Hom nay la ngay ngh nen i leo nui).

Khi - ( / ) ch nguyen nhan hoac ly do th cau van tiep theokhong the dung hnh thc -( ) , -( ) , -( ) .Trong trng hp o, phai chuyen sang mau ch nguyen nhan -( )

.

- : Met nen toi ngh.

- : Met roi anh ngh i.- ?: Met roi, chung ta ngh nhe?

- : Thi tiet nong nen a batmay lanh.

- : Phan khi nen toi a khao beban.

- : V can tien nen toi a lamthem.

- : Co le v ban anh ay khong en c.

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ONG T, TNH T ( ) DANH T ( )

Ch ly do hoac nguyen nhan, ch cau trc la nguyen nhan cua causau. Co the i cung vi - ( ) , ( ) , ( ) .

Co ngha: do, v, lav.

- Dung khi ong t hoac tnh t ket thuc bang nguyenam hoac phu am .

- ( ) Dung khi ong t hoac tnh t ket thuc bang phu am.- ( ) Dung khi i vi danh t.

+ (Tri ma, chung ta hay che du vay). + (Thi tiet tot anh nen i du lch).

+ (V laban be nen toi giup).

- : Bo phim o hay, chung tacung xem nhe.

- : Bay gi toi khongco thi gian nen hay goilai cho toi sau.

- : Ngay nao cung tap the ducnen anh ta khoe manh.

- : Bay gi ang hop, chung ta tatien thoai cam tay i.

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ONG T ( ) ( , , )

La hnh thc ket noi i lien vi cac ong t di ong nh , ,, cau/ve sau ch muc ch cua hanh ong pha trc.

Co ngha: (i, en) e, e lam.

Dung khi ong t ket thuc bang nguyen am hoac bangphu am .

( ) Dung khi ong t ket thuc bang phu am.

+ (en nha th e cau nguyen).

+ (en Han Quoc e hoc tieng Han).

- : Ti trung tam ngoai ng e hoc

tieng Anh.- : Ti ai s quan e xin visa.

- : en bu ien e gi th.

- : en e tm ban.

ONG T ( ) ( )

ay la hnh thc ket noi, cau/ve sau xuat hien e ch mot y nhhoac mot muc ch nao o cha thc hien c. Khong giong vi cautruc ( ) phai i vi cac ong t chuyen ong ch phnghng, cau truc nay co the ket hp vi cac ong t khac. Cau/ve tieptheo khong s dung c cau truc ( ) va ( ) . Congha: e, elam.

Dung khi ong t ket thuc bang nguyen am hoac

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bang phu am .

Dung khi ong t ket thuc bang phu am.

+ (Goi ien thoai e gap ban).

(eo knh e oc sach).

- : Hoc suot ca em choo ky thi.

- :Ghenganhang e vay tien.

- : Len tau e i Busan.

- : Mua qua e tang bome.

ONG T, TNH T

DANH T ( )

La hnh thc ket noi, cau/ve sau co y ngha oi lap vi ve trc. Cau/ve trc co the ket hp vi cac th qua kh / va th tng lai .Cau/ve trc va sau co the thay oi nhng cau/ve sau neu dung thnghi van th khong phu hp.Co ngha: tuy nhng, tuy

+ (Tuy kho nhng rat vui).

+ (Khong biet ten nhng biet mat).

+ (Muon xem phim nhng khong co thi gian).

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Co the dung ngay trong phan au cau e bat au cau th hai.

- ?: Xin loi, cho toi hoi bu ien au?

- , ?: Xin loi, bao gi anh tralai cho toi?

- : Tuy nh cha me nhngkhong ve tham c.

- : Tuy la ngi nc ngoainhng gioi tieng Viet.

- : Hnh thc th tot nhng noidung th kem.

- : Toi muon giup anhnhng khong co thi gian.

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ONG T ( ) DANH T ( )

Ket noi hai ve cau hoac hai cau, the hien hai ong tac xay ra ongthi.Co ngha: va va

( ) Dung khi ket hp vi ong t ket thuc bang nguyenam hoac phu am .

Dung khi ket hp vi ong t ket thuc bang phu am. Dung khi ket hp vi danh t.

+ Va hat va ve tranh.

+ (Va an cm va oc bao).

+ (Anh ta va la giao s ai hoc, va la bac s).

- : Va ngh ve gia nh vaviet th.

- : Va hoc va lam.

- : Va xem bao va nghe nhac.

- : Va tuyet ri gio lai thoi.

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ONG T, TNH T + ( ) ONG T +

DANH T +

Dung the hien mot ly do, s chuyen oi, s oi lap hoac giai thchmot tnh huong nao o. Co ngha: nhng, v, lav, th

Dung khi ong t, tnh t ket thuc vi nguyen am.

Dung khi ong t, tnh t ket thuc bang phu am.

Dung khi la danh t.

+ (C the th yeu nhng chi gioi the thao).

+ (Thi tiet lanh, hay mac ao am vao).

+

(Ban toi la ngi nc ngoai).

Hai ong t va khong i cung vi ( ) ma ivi - .

Co khi c dung ket thuc cau: (Nhng gi anh taang ngu).

- 2 : Toi co hai cai ve (nen)chung ta cung i nhe.

- : Hen vi ban roi nhngban toi khong en.

- : Nha th rat ep nhng at qua.

- : Mon an nay do toi lam, anhnem th xem sao.

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ONG T, TNH T ( ) DANH T /

Nham ch mot s nhng bo, mot s cho phep hoac mot ieu kiennao o. Cau/ve trc thng i cung vi pho t . Cau tructhng thay la ( ) / / .

Co ngha: cho du, du, du cung

Dung khi ong t/tnh t ket thuc co nguyen am ,.

Dung khi ong t/tnh t ket thuc bang cac nguyenam khac.

Dung khi ong t ket thuc bang .

/ Dung khi ket thuc bang danh t.

+ ? ? (Nhn cung c ch, nhn cung

khong sao ch?) +? ? (An cung c ch?)

+ (Du co khoe cung b cam).

+ (Dula chu nhat nhng cung lam viec).

Khi cau hoi nham hoi mot s cho phep nao o, neu cau tra li phunh th co ngha ieu o b cam, khong c phep, cau tra li thngla cau truc ( ) .

Hoi: ? (Ngoi ay co c khong?)

ap: , (Khong,khong c ngoi ay).

- ?: Buoi toi goi ien thoai cung khongsao ch?

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- : Hoc the nao cung khonghieu c.

- : Du met nhng ngay nao cung i

lam.- : Du co nhieu

tien th trong trng hp nay cung chang lam c g.

ONG T ( )

Chu ng cua cau/ve trc va ve sau la ong nhat. Dung ket noi haiong t, bieu th mot s bien oi t hanh ong nay sang hanh ongkhac hoac mot trnh t lien tiep xay ra cua hanh ong.Co ngha: roi, roi th.

+ (Vao thanh pho roi gap em).

+ (Nghe ban tin roi ngu thiep i).

Cung co the co mot so trng hp chu ng cua hai hanh ong khongong nhat, khong thong nhat.

- : Thng ththay giao day, hom nay th ban lai day

- : i lam roi thoi/ ngh.

- : Lai xe xong roi ngh.

- : Cai ban nay chadung roi cho toi.

- : ang an cm th nghe ien thoai .

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ONG T, TNH T ( / )

Khi mot hanh ong pha trc ket thuc va co mot hanh ong tngphan pha sau xay ra. Chu ng phai la mot va cac ong t thngphai la cac t co y ngha oi lap.

Co ngha: roi th, roi.

Dung khi ong t ket thuc bang nguyen am ,

Dung khi ong t ket thuc bang cac nguyen am khac.

Dung khi ong t ket thuc bang .

+ (Banen va i roi).

+ (Ca m roi ong lai).

+

(Hen roi lai huy).

Co khi hanh ong pha sau bieu th ket qua, ly do cua hanh ong phatrc

- : Uong ru roi lai xe nen bphat.

- : Ti nha ban xem video.

- : Ma tanh roi lai ri.

- : a at/ goi roi nhng lai huy.

- : Nhap vien roi lai ra vien.

- : Hoc thuoc t mi roi lai quenmat.

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ONG T, TNH T ( )

Bieu hien hanh ong hoac ong tac cau/ve trc a ra phat trientheo chieu hng tiep tuc.Co ngha: cang, hn na.

Dung khi ong t ket thuc bang nguyen am hoac bangphu am .

Dung khi ong t ket thuc bang phu am.

+ (Cang ngu cang met).

+ (Cang occang thay hay).

Cung co the dung cau truc ( ) ( ) e nhan manh ycang cang

- : Cang ngu cang met.

- : Cang oc cang thay hay.

- : Cang nhieu tien cangphai tiet kiem.

- : Cang met cang nen cogang.- : Cang nhn cang thay ep.

- : Chc v cang cao cang phaikhiem ton.

12

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ONG T +

1. Bieu th y ngha mc o nao o hoac ch muc ch, phng hngcua hanh ong cua cau van pha trc. Co ngha: echo, e.

2. Ch mc o hoac gii han cua hanh ong cau van pha trc. Congha: en noi, en mc.

+ : Hay day cho toi co the hieu c (Ngha 1)

: Toi qua toi hoc suot em (Ngha2).

Co luc mang y ngha: lam cho, e cho, en noi, khien cho.

- : Can than ng e knh bv.

- : e yen cho anh ay ngu, ngquay ray (Ngha 1).

- : Chung ta hay co gang len, nge thua (Ngha 1).

- : An cho ti be ca bung (Ngha 2)

- 2 : Hai thang roi chang co tin tcg (Ngha 2).

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ONG T, TNH T ( / )

Cau truc ket cau cau, i lien vi ong t, tnh t, cau/ve trc la tiene, vesau la ket qua.Co ngha:phai th mi

+ (Co hoc mi thi tot c). + (Co nhieu tien mi i du hoc c).

1. Neu ve sau, cau sau co y ngha phu nh th co ngha la ( / ) du the nao th cung

- : Du co no lc the nao thcung khong co ket qua.

2. Neu ket hp vi va y ngha cua no nhan manh hn.

- () : Phai no lc mi thanh congc.

3. Neu ket hp vi cau truc ( / ) th co y ngha hoi han.

- : Neu ma no lc th thi au roi.

4. Neu (/ / ) ket hp vi , th co y bat buoc,ngha vu.

- : Phai oc sach nhieu mi c.

- : Thi tiet tot mi thu hoachtot.

- : Phai uong thuoc nay th mihoi phuc.

14

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64/200

64

- : Co uong thuoc cung changco ket qua g.

- : Neu ve que th a

gap c ban ay roi.

ONG T

Ket hp vi ong t bieu hien hanh ong ve/cau trc va ket thucth lap tc xuat hien hanh ong cua ve/cau sau.Co ngha:Ngay sau khi

+

(Xem phim xong la toi ve nha ngay). + (Va ngoi xuong la co ien thoai).

- : An toi xong la ngu ngay.

- : Nhan c th la oc lien.

- : en ni la lien lac ngay.

- : Hoa va n a tan.

15

V D U

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65/200


ONG T/ TNH T + DANH T + ( )

La hnh thc ket noi, ch ieu kien ve trc, co ngha: nh, neunh, gia nh, neu la, co xu hng i lien vi menh lenh thc nh , .

+ (Neu lap gia nh th lien lac cho toi nhe). + (Giare nen hay mua nhieu vao).

/ + / (Neu b cam/au bung th hay uong thuoc).

1. Co xu hng ket hp vi menh lenh thc , .- / : Neu met th hay ngh/hay cung

ngh a.

2. Co xu hng ket hp vi , , trong cau tranthuat.- / / : Neu ngh he toi se i lam them/muon lam them/ chac sei lam them.

3. Cung co the thay the bang c, nhng trong cau tructh ve trc c xac nh va ve sau c gii han ve mat

thi gian.

- . : Neu i bien se i tau xem.

Trong trng hp sau, chung ta khong the thay thengc lai c.- .

16

CAU TR UC

LU Y


66/200

66

. (sai)

- : Neu a tin anh ta th ng

nghi ng.- : Neu ve que th a nhng

th nay cho cha me (Ngha 2)

- : Neu cau met th ve nghtrc i.

- : Nc soi roi th cho m vao i.

V D U

III ai danh t


67/200


1- / / - Nay/kia/ay2- / / - Cai nay/cai kia/cai ay3- / / - ay/ kia/ cho ay4- / - Ai5- - au6- - G, cai g7- - Khi nao, bao gi8- / - Bao nhieu9- / - Nao, g?10- - May, bao nhieu?


68/200

68

NAY/ KIA/ AY / /

ay la nhng ai danh t co tnh xac nh, i lien vi mot s vat phasau. c s dung tuy vao khoang cach vi ngi noi, (nay)c dung trong trng hp s vat gan, (kia) c dung trongtrng hp s vat xa, con (ay) th dung khi s vat xa ca nginoi va ngi nghe.

/ : (Ngi nay).

/ : (Cai but ch ay)./ : (Con chim ay).

- : Hay a t bao ay cho toi

- : Hay nhan lay mon qua nay.

- ?: Benh vien ay co noi tieng khong?

- ?: Mon an kia ten la g?

1

CAU TR UC

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69/200


CAI NAY / CAI KIA / CAI AY / /

La nhng ai danh t ch s vat, co the dung cho tat ca, tr ngi vaa iem: Cai nay/ cai kia/ cai ay

? (Co mua cai nay khong?)

- , ( ) .

? (Cai kia co ngon khong?)

- , ( ) .

? (Vt cai o i nhe?)

- , ( ) .

Khi co so nhieu th them vao pha sau: nhng cai nay,

nhng cai kia, nhng cai ay.- .

(Tat ca nhng cai nay eu la o tot).- / .

(Nhng ngi nay / nhng v nay eu la ngi tot).

- ? ?: Mua cai nay khong? Mua cai kiakhong?

- : Hay cho toi mn cai ay.

- ?: oi cai nay va cai ay cho toi.

- ?: Cai ay ma anh cung khong biet sao?

CAU TR UC

V D U

LU Y

2


70/200

70

AY/ KIA / CHO AY / /

ai danh t ch v tr, a iem. Co ngha: chonay, ni nay / chokia,ni kia/ choay, ni ay.

? : , .

(Ni nay co phai la th vien khong? Vang, ay la th vien).

? : .

( cho kia co ban quan ao khong? ay co ban quan ao).

? : , .

(Ni ay co phai toa th chnh khong? Vang, cho o chnh la toa thchnh).

Cung co khi c dung lam pho t trong trng hp chonay cho kia.

() / .

(Cho nay cho kia co nhieu ngi/nha th).

- () ?: Ngoi cho nay co c khong?

- ()?: Anh a bao gi en cho kia cha?

- : Hay chay lai ang ay.- ?: T cho nay en cho kia

mat bao lau?.

3

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V D U

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71/200


AI / LA AI /

ai danh t nghi van, ch ngi, dung e hoi khi khong biet ve hoten, nghe nghiep va quan he. Co ngha: ai, la ai?

? (Cau gap ai?)

- .

? (Co phai ban khong?)

- .

Khi dung vi tieu t chu t th c rut gon thanh .

- [ + ] ? (sai) [ + ] ?(ung).

- ?: Mu cua ai vay?

- ?: Anh i cung ai vao thanh pho?

- ?: Anh se gap ai?

- ?: Anh ch th cua ai vay?

4

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72/200

72

AU, NI NAO

ai danh t nghi van.Co ngha: au, au, ni nao. Hoi ve a iem,dung khi muon biet a danh, v tr, a ch, co the ket hp vi cacpho t thanh , , , , .

? (Gap nhau au?)

- . ? (Cho nao tot?)

- .

- ?: Anh muon i au.

- ?: ien thoai cong cong au?

- ?: Anh chi tenis au?- ?:Anhnhithamquanninao?.

5

CAU TR UC

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73/200


G, CAI G

T nghi van, khong dung cho ngi ma cho vat, s vat, cong viec. Congha: g, cai g.

? (Anh xem g vay?)

- .

? (Cai g at?)

- .

Trong khau ng th c rut gon thanh , cchuyen thanh , .

- / ? (Nhn cai g?)

- ? (Cai g at?)

- ?: Anh tm cai g vay.

- ?: Trong cuoc i th ieu g laquan trong nhat.

- ?: An ph bang cai g?

- ?: Anh va lam g vay?.

6

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74/200

74

KHI NAO, BAO GI

T nghi van, ch thi gian, dung e hoi khi muon biet ve thi gian,ngay thang, nam Co ngha: bao gi, khi nao, luc nao.

? (Bao gi anh i?)

- 3 .

? (Khi nao?)

- .

- ?: Khi nao th anh ve que?

- ?: Hoi ngh khi nao th ket thuc?

- ?: Bao gi en sinh nhat anh?

- ?: Bao gi anh se gap ban?

7

CAU TR UC

LU Y


75/200


BAO NHIEU /

Khi hoi ve solng, gia, c ly, trong lng, thi gian. Co ngha la:bao nhieu, bao nhieu cai.

? : .

? : 15 km.

1. Hai t va eu co ngha giong nhau la bao nhieu,nhng co the lam chu ng, con ch la pho t.

- ?: (chu ng)

?: (pho t)

2. Khi hoi ve thi gian th i cung vi ong t , khi hoi quang

thi gian th i cung vi .- ?: Mat bao nhieu thi gian

xuong en Busan.- ?: Anh i bao lau roi?

- ?: Cai may anh kia gia bao nhieu?

- ?: Tien hoc ph la bao nhieu?

- ?: T Seoul xuongChon An mat bao nhieu thi gian? (Ngha 2).

- ? Con bao nhieu sa na? (Ngha 1).

8

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76/200

76

NA0 / G / + DANH T

The nghi van bo ng, khi hoi ve ngi nao o hoac s vat, chung loai,tnh chat. co ngha lanao? co ngha la g?

? (Sach g vay?)

- .

? (Quyen sach nao vay?)

- .

dung e bieu at ca chung loai va tnh chat cua ngi hoac svat, con ch thng dung cho chung loai

- ? (V nao la giam oc?).

Cau di ay sai:- / ? (sai)

- ?: Anh thch loai nhac nao?

- ?: Ong Park la ong nao vay?

- ?: Chung ta goi mon an g nh?

- ?: Hom qua anh nhan c mon quag?

9

CAU TR UC

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V D U


77/200


MAY, BAO NHIEU + DANH T

T dung e hoi ve solng. Co ngha: may, bao nhieu.

? (May ngi en?).

- .

? (Mat may tieng ong ho?).- .

1. Co khi c ket hp vi tr t thanh , : may, baonhieu.- ? .

(Con thieu bao nhieu ngi? Co mot so ngi cha en).

2. Khi ket hp vi va tr thanh : may ngay?- ?

- ?: Moi ngay hoc may tieng?

- ?: Anh mua bao nhieu cai mu?.

- ?: i du lch the gii maythang?

- ? Uong may ly ca phe roi?

10

CAU TR UC

LU Y

V D U


78/200

78

1 ong t, tnh t ( , ) = a2 ong t, tnh t = a3 ong t, tnh t / - - / = ang4

ong t, tnh t = se5 ong t = ang

IV Thi the


79/200


ONG T, TNH T ( / )

La the loai qua kh, ch s viec, hien tng, ong tac a xay ra xong,thuoc ve qua kh. Co ngha: a, a roi.

: (a ngu).

: (a an).

: (a hoc).

1. Khi i vi cac pho t nh , , th ch thoi quentrong qua kh.- (Toi a thng leo nui).

- (Toi a tng/ trc ay ngay nao

cung i th vien).2. Khi / / ket hp cung vi na e ch thi qua khhoan thanh th co ngha la s viec khong con lien quan en hientai.- : Anh ta a nhap vien (co the

anh ta ang vien).- : Anh ta a nhap vien (anh

ta a ra vien).

- : Xem phim vi ban.

- : Toi viet th cho cha metuan trc.

- : Trc ay chu nhatnao cung don ve sinh va giat giu. (Ngha 1)

- . Anh ta a i t sang. (Ngha 2)

1

CAU TR UC

LU Y

V D U


80/200

80

ONG T, TNH T

Dung khi ngi noi hoi tng mot viec g hoac cho biet mot viec go trong qua kh.

Co ngha: th thay, th

: / + Danh t / a thay

: / + Danh t / kho.

1. Khi hoi tng mot ong tac hoac trang thai trong qua kh a hoanthanh th dung cau truc : a roi, tng

- (ay la cong vien ma chung ta a

gap nhau).- (Khi en ni th cuochop a ket thuc roi).

2. Co the ket hp vi ch d doan, kha nang.

- (Bo phim hom qua chac haylam).

- (Ngay mai chac se co tuyet).

- : Co dau ep qua (hoi tng ve qua kh).

- : Ngay mai chac tri se lanh (d oan, ngha2).

- : ay la quan ca phe chung toithng en.

2

LU Y

V D U


81/200


ONG T, TNH T / TNH T ONG T /

ay la cau truc ch th hien tai, ong tac hoac trang thai cha hoanthanh.

/ Dung khi ong hoac tnh t khong co patxim./ Dung khi ong hoac tnh t co patxim.

: . / . / (uong).

: . / . / (ngoi).

1. Khi / ket hp vi ong t ch ong tac th / them vao sau

ong t va bieu at y cua th hien tai, tuy nhien c dung nhieutrong van noi hn la van viet.- : + : (uong).

- : + : (ngoi).

2. Neu dung vi (bay gi) th ch s vien ang dien ra, neudung vi (thng xuyen), (ngay nao cung), (hang ngay), (thng xuyen) th co ngha ch thoi quen hoacs lap i lap lai.- (Toi ang mac ao).

- (Sang nao cung a bong).

3. Neu la ong t th ong tac th co the ket hp vi cac pho t tnglai va thanh thi tng lai.

- (Tuan sau (se) gap nhe).

- (Ngay mai (se) co lng).

3

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82

4. Khi ket hp vi ong t ch tnh chat th co y ngha lien tuc.

- (Mua thu mat me).

- (t cay).

5. Co the ong t ket hp vi nham hien tai hoa s viec, thngdung trong van viet, nhat ky, tac pham van.- (Hom qua gap ban tiem

banh).- (Tri tiep tuc am u).

- (Sang nao cung tap the duc

Ngha 2)- (Ngay mai se bat xe buyt iSeoul Ngha 3)

- (Tuan nay thi tiet nong Ngha 4).

- (Bay gi ang chup anh cong vien Ngha 2).


83/200


ONG T, TNH T +

Ch th tng lai. Ch y nh hoac d oan.

Co ngha: se, chac se.

: / / (Se en).

:

? /

? /

? (Se lanh phai khong?).1.Khi dung e ch d nh th ch co the ket hp vi ong t

ong tac, con neu dung e ch s d oan th co the dung vi caong t ong tac va trang thai.- ? (ung), ? (ung).

- () (ung), () (sai).

2. Khi dung e s d oan th khong the dung vi ngoi th nhatlam chu ng, tuy nhien khi dung vi ngha d oan th co the.

- () ?: (Co ay) se nha ch? (d oan).

- () : (Toi) se nha (y nh).

- () : (Chung toi) se don ve sinh (ynh).

3. Khi dung ch s d oan th khong nhng co the bieu at ytng lai trong hien tai va tng lai, ma cung co the ket hp vi

/ / e bieu th s d oan chuyen a xay ra trong qua kh.

- / ?: Hom nay/ngay mai se lanh ch?

- ?: Tien an ngay hom qua chacat lam.

- : Ngay mai tuyet se ri nhieu.- : Toi se ong ca so.

4

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84/200

84

- : Cuoc hop hom nay se ketthuc nhanh.

- : Toi se gi cho anh tai lieu

trc tuan sau.

ONG T +

Ch ong tac ang tien hanh. Khong the ket hp vi tnh t, t ch ston tai, t ch nh. Co ngha la: ang.

- / / (ang ve).

- / / (ang an).

(sai)/ (sai).

1. khong ch co ngha la ang xay ra, cung co ngha ch motthoi quen, mot s viec ang lap i lap lai.- : Ngay nao toi cung i bo.

- : Toi thng xem phim.

2. thng khong i c vi cac ong t ch co tnh chattrang thai, tuy nhien cung co the ket hp vi mot so ong t chtam ly nh , va khi o khong con ngha tiep dien ma

ch s ton tai.- : Tin vao than thanh.

- : Toi biet viec o.

3. Co the bieu at th tiep dien cua hien tai, qua kh va tng lai.

- : ang ve tranh (hien tai angve)

- : Hom qua th (chac la luc ay)ang ve tranh (qua kh).

5

LU Y

CAU TR UC


85/200


- : Ngay mai (chac luc ay)ang ve tranh.

- : Hom qua khi banen th toi ang lam bai tap - (Ngha 3).- ?: Bay gi ai ang nghe ban tin

vay?

- : Khi chup anh th (co ay) angci - (Ngha 3).

- ? Anh ang lam viec au?

(Ngha 1).

1- Danh t / - Khong, khong phai la...

V D U

V Cac bieu hien

phu nh


86/200

86

2- ong t, danh t , Khong...3- ong t, tnh t , - Khong the...4- ong t - ng, hay ng5- ong t ( ) / - Khong the/ Co

the6- ong t ( ) / - Cha tng/ a

tng7- ong t, tnh t ( ) / - Khong

biet cach/ biet cach8- ong t, tnh t ( ) / - Neu.. th

c/ Khong c9- ong t, tnh t ( , ) - Du.. cung

c


87/200


DANH T /

ay la hnh thc phu nh cua (la). Co ngha: khong phai la/khong la/ khong

Dung khi danh t co patxim.

Dung khi danh t khong co patxim.

: (Khong phai la tao).

: (Khong phai tui xach).

Hay dung vi cau truc / / va / va thng dung trong khau ng.

- : Hom nay khong phai la th hai.

- : Cai nay khong phai tao ma la le.

- : Ngi nay khong phai langi My.

- : Bay gi khong phai thi gianngh ngi.

- : ay khong phai la bai au

xe ma la con ng.- : Cai o khong phai la o at tien.

LU Y

V D U

CAU TR UC

1


88/200

88

ONG T/ TNH T + + ONG T/ TNH T.

ay la hnh thc phu nh cua ong t hoac tnh t. Co ngha: khong,khong phai

: / (khong ngh).

: / (khong cao).

1. khong the chen lien vao gia tan ng va ong t, chnh v vayvi cau truc Danh t + th hnh thc phu nh phai laDanht + , con vi cau truc tan ng th phai laTan ng + +ong t.

- (Chao). (ung) / (sai).

- (Gap ban) (ung) / (sai).

2. Mot so ong, tnh t nh (biet), (khong biet), (khong co), (co), (ep), (hoc) khongi c vi cau truc + ong tnh t, nhng lai i c vi

cau truc ong t/tnh t + - . . .

(sai).

- . . . (ung).

3. Vi cau truc ong/tnh t + th sau co the themmot so pho t nham nhan manh y ngha, nhng van khong thay

oi y ngha.

2

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89/200


- / / / .

- . (= ): Em gai khong eoknh (Ngha 1).

- . (= ): Nc song khong trong.

- . (= ): Khi tri math khong ra xe (Ngha 1).

- . (= ): Van phong khongln (Ngha 3).

ONG T/TNH T + + ONG T

La hnh thc phu nh cua ong t va mot so tnh t, ch kha nang,nang lc thieu, yeu, hoac khong at c mc o nao o. Co ngha:Khong the, khong co the, khong c.

: / (Khong uong c).

: / (Khong lam c).

1.Mot sotnh t co the i vi cau truc ong t + , tuynhien khong the i vi cau truc + ong t.

- / (ung)

- / (ung)

- ./ (sai)

2. Cau truc ong t/tnh t + va ca + ong t

co the chuyen sang thay the bang cau truc ( ) , yngha khong thay oi.

CAU TR UC

LU Y

3

V DU


90/200

90

- / . .

- / .

.3. Cau truc phu nh ong t/tnh t + / + ong t,

tnh t va cau truc ong t/tnh t + / + ongt co y ngha khac nhau. Cau truc co co ngha la khong coy nh lam, con cau truc co th co y ngha la muon lamnhng khong lam c.- : Toi khong i benh vien (co the i

nhng khong i).- : Toi khong the i vien (v kha nangkhong cho phep).

4.Trong cau truc ong/tnh t + , pha sau co thethem tr t nham nhan manh, tuy nhien y ngha khong thay oi.- , , ,

- . (= ): Khong the vietth bang tieng Han Quoc.

- . (= ): Khong the laixe cong vien.

- . (= ): Khong clam on th vien.

- : Khong an c mon an cay(Ngha 4).

V D U


91/200


ONG T +

ay la hnh thc phu nh cua cau khien, menh lenh.Co ngha:ng, hay ng

ong t + ( ) ong t + .

ong t + ( ) ong t + .

1. The menh lenh

- : / () (ng vao).

- : / ( ) (ng ong ca).

2. The cau khien

- : / (Chung ta ngvao/ hay ng vao).

- : / (Chung ta ng ong/ hay ngong).

1. Hnh thc phu nh cua the menh lenh va cau khien ch co the kethp vi ong t ch ong tac ma thoi.- / / (ung)

- / / (sai)

2. la the t co the dung trong nhieu trng hp. Co the kethp tr thanh cac cau truc , ,

.

- : c g thi au.- : Du at hay khong th cung khong

sao ca.- : Du co la sinh vien hay khong

th cung khong sao.

CAU TR UC

4

LU Y


92/200

92

- : ung la ep that.

- : ng mua day, hay mua mu.

- : Hay ng noi chuyen to tieng.- : ng thng xuyen bo hen/

huy hen.- : ng oi mu ay.

- : Chung ta ng xuat phat qua sm.

ONG T ( ) DANH T

Ch mot s cam oan hoac khong co kha nang. Co ngha: cam, khongc, khong the

: (Khong the ch c).

: (Khong the cat/giam bt c).

1. Khi ket hp vi ong t ch ong tac th cung co ngha giong nh + ong t

- . (Khong the ngu c).

- . (Khong the chu ng c).

2. Khi ket hp vi danh t thanh Danh t / . Khio lai khong co ngha la kha nang hoac s cam oan ma nginoi d oan hoac ch i mot ieu g o .

- () : (Co le) o la s that.

- () :(Tuyet oi) khong the la s that.

- : Khong c (khong the) i vao

V D U

5

CAU TR UC

LU Y

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93/200


bai co.

- : o khong the la trach nhiem cua toic (Ngha 2)

- : Met qua em khong lam viecc.

- : V muoi nhieu nen khongthe m ca.


94/200

94

ONG T ( ) /

Ch mot ieu mnh a trai qua trong qua kh. Co ngha: cha tng,cha bao gi/ a tng (lam g).

: / (Cha tng/a tng nhap vien).

: / (Cha bao gi tin/a tng tin).

1. Co the thay the bang cau truc ( )

- / . / .

- / . / .

2. Co the ket hp vi cau truc ( / ) e the hien viec thnghiem, th xem.- / a

tng mac th Han phuc.(a tng mac th o truyen thong HanQuoc).

- : Cha bao gi c nhan hoc

bong.- : Cha bao gi chon mua cavat. (Ngha 2)

- : Cha bao gi sinh em be.

- : Cha tng cam th hoa bao gi.(Ngha 2)

6

CAU TR UC

LU Y

V D U


95/200


ONG T, TNH T ( )

Biet (cach, phng phap) lam g.

ONG T, TNH T ( )

Khong biet (cach, phng phap) lam g.

Dung the hien khi khong biet/biet phng phap/cach e lam g o

hoac khong biet/biet lam g o.

: (Khong biet cach viet)

(Biet cach viet)

: (Khong biet an nh thenao)

(Biet cach an/ biet an)

1. Khi ket hp vi ong t ch hanh ong va tnh t th co ngha lachu ng cua cau noi biet hoac khong biet mot s that nao o.

- () . .

- . .

2.Co the dung trong qua kh, i cung vi ,

, chuyen thanh ( ) . Con khi kethp vi tnh t th no co ngha la tnh t / / .

- : Khong biet la anh ay i the nay(khong biet ve s that nao o).

- : Khong ng no hay nh the(congha no a rat hay).

- : Khong biet nen cot toc the naocho ep.

7

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96

- : Khong biet s dung may vi tnh.

- : Khong ng la mnh thi tot nhvay (Ngha 2).

- : Khong biet cach quan bang (Khongbiet nen quan bang nh the nao).

ONG T, TNH T ( )

Neu... th khong c/ Cam...

ONG T, TNH T ( , )

Du... cung c/ c ...

ay thng co ngha gii han, cho phep hoac khong cho phep, vi

trng hp khong cho phep thng i vi cac pho t ch mc o nh

Dung khi ong tnh t ket thuc khong co patximhoac bang patxim .

( ) Dung khi ong tnh t ket thuc co patxim.

( ) Dung khi ket hp vi danh t.

: () (Ngu la khong c/ Khong cngu).: () (An la khong c/ Khong c an).

: () (Ca phe la khong c).

: () (Thuoc bot la khong c/Cam thuoc bot).

1. Cau truc oi ngc cua ( ) (cam) khong phai laLU Y

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( ) ma la ( / ) .

- : Trong luc hoc khong c ngu.

- : Bay gi th ngu c roi.

2.Hnh thc phu nh cua ( ) la , cautruc nay la cau truc hai lan phu nh, cang nhan manh y khang nh,co ngha la khong th khong c/ phai. Co the i them vi cacpho t khac nh / . Cung co the thay thebang cau truc ( / ) (phai).

- (Khong the khong i).

( / ) (Nhat nh phai i).- (Khong the khong mac).

( / ) (Nhat nh phai mac).

- : Cam khong cuong ru roi lai xe.

- : Cam khong c vt giay loai

ra ng.- : Khong c e l hen.

- : am tangphai mac ao en. (Ngha 2)

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98

1- Ton trong chu the

VI Cach the hien ston trong

Trong ngon ng tieng Han, tuy theo tnhhuong, theo tuoi tac, chc vu va hoan canhcu the ma chu ng hoac ngi nghe phais dung hnh thc loi noi ton trong.


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2- Ton trong ngi nghe/ oitng/ ngoi th hai

3- Cac cach the hien khac


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100

TON TRONG CHU THE

( ) Them vao sau ong t hoac tnh t. Dung khi ong tnht ket thuc khong co patxim hoac co patxim .

( ) Dung khi ong tnh t ket thuc bang patxim.

( ) Dung khi ket hp vi danh t.

: .

: .

: .

: .

Khi chung ta dung hnh thc knh ng , can phai thay oi tr t / thanh .

- / / . (khong can dung cachton trong).

- / / . (dung cach noiton trong).

- : Cha toi gap ban. (Lu y)

- : Anh ng ch lau qua.

- ?: Ong cua anh a ocbao sang nay cha? (Lu y)

- : Me luon luon tin chungtoi. (Lu y)

1

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TON TRONG NGI NGHE / OI TNG /NGOI TH HAI

Tuy theo v the, tuoi tac cua ngi nghe ma co the dung mot trongnhng cau truc sau:

1. Dung khi ch s rat ton trong, cho be tren, ngi nhng v tr caocap

- : Xin mi anh ngoi.

- ?: Anh co thch leo nui khong?

2. Dung mc o ton trong, cho be tren, ngi ln tuoi.

- ./ ?

3. Dung mc ton trong bnh thng, khi muon noi vi cap di cuamnh.

- .

- ?

4. Dung mc than mat, hoa ong: cac moi quan he than thiethoac gia ban be vi nhau.- ./ ?

5. Khong can phai to s knh can: dung cho cap di, ngi t tuoihn hoac tre em.- ./ ?

1. Trong sinh hoat hang ngay th thng hay dung cach 1 va 2 nhat.Ngha la ban be hoac ngi ln tuoi vi nhau th dung ( / )

, ngi rat than hoac vi ngi cap di th dung ( / ).2. nhng v tr chnh thc, cho ong ngi, trnh trong th dung the

2

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102

/ / , nhng v tr bnh thng, khong sang trongkhach kh th dung the ( / ) .

3.Cung co the dung t ha thap mnh , e ton trong ngi

nghe, hoac cac t ton knh nh , , , , e ton trong ngi nghe.

- .

Nhng: . (theton trong)

- .

Nhng: . (ton trong)

- : Hay oc theo.

- : Hay tang qua cho cha me.

- : Toi a mi cha me en ay

- : Toi se lam (Ngha 3).

CAC CACH TON TRONG KHAC

Dung cac t ng ch s ton trong.

1. Danh t ch s ton trong

CAU TRUC

: : : :

:

:

: : : :

:

:

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: , :

2. Tr t ch s ton trong

CAU TRUC

/ : / : / : () :

3. ong t ch s ton trong

CAU TRUC

: : / : / : : : : : :

:

: :

- : Tai cuoc hop ong giamoc phat bieu.

- : Cha me a an toi.

- : Ngai co thoai mai khong a?- : Ong ang ngoai cong vien.

- : Toi xin phep c noi.

- : Hay hoi thay giao xem.

- : Toi gap va chao trngphong.

- ?: Hay la e toi a ong ve nha?

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104

1- Bat qui tac 2- Bat qui tac 3- Bat qui tac 4- Bat qui tac 5- Bat qui tac 6- Bat qui tac 7- Bat qui tac

VI ong t va tnht bat qui tac


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BAT QUI TAC

Vi tat ca cac ong t ket thuc bang patxim nh , ,, , , , , , , ,

khi ket hp vi phu am th khong thay oi nhng khi ket hp vi

nguyen am th eu chuyen sang .

: + = khong thay oi khi kethp vi phu am

: + = bien thanh

- / - ( , ) - ( , ) -( )

1. Ch duy nhat hai ong tnh t , th khong chuyenthanh ma thanh .

- / - ( , ) - ( , ) -( )

2.Nhng ong tnh t nh , , , , ... th laila nhng ong tnh t thng khong thay oi .

- / - ( , ) - ( , ) -( )

.

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1


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106

- ?: Mua ong nay co lanh khong nh?

- : Neu toi xin viec hay giup toi vi(Ngha 1)

- : Nghe th de hn noi.- : Trc khi don ve sinh rat

ban.

BAT QUI TAC

Tat ca nhng ong t bat qui tac co patxim la nh , ,, , , , , , , khi ket hp

vi , , th se b mat.

: + = .

: + = (khi ket hp vi nguyenam th khong bien oi).

- / - ( ) - ( , ) -

Nhng ong tnh t co lam patxim khi ket hp vi ,, th khong them . Tuy nhien nhng ong t co

patxim la , sau khi chuyen thanh th lai phai them .

- : () + ( / / )

, ,

- : () + ( / / )

, ,

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- : { (3), (5)} / { (3), (5)}

- : { (3), (5)} / { (3),

(5)}- : { (3), (3)} / { (3),

(3)}

- : ch co ban nhieu hang re.

- : V song My nen gioi tiengAnh.

- : Mua xuan th thng cobm bay va chim hot.

- : Toi co the may ao.

ONG TNH T BAT QUI TAC

Trong cac ong tnh t ket thuc bang , th cac ong t ,, , , se chuyen t thanh .

: + = ( khong chuyen thanh ).

: + = (chuyen thanh ).

/ ( ) ( , ) ( )

Nhng ong t nh , , , , ( ) lai lanhng ong t khong chuyen thanh .

/ ( ) ( , ) ( )

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108

- :Tren bao co bai viet- : Toi se hoi ban a ch.

- : Toi a nhan ra loi cua mnh

- 30 : Moi ngay i bo 30 phut.

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Trong nhng ong tnh t ch trang thai co patxim la th cac ongtnh t , , , , , ,

th neu ket hp vi hoac nguyen am th b lc bo, va

khi ket hp vi / th cung b lc bo va tr thanh .

: + = ( b lc bo).

: + = ( b lc bo, chuyen thanh ).

/ ? ( ) ? ( ) ? ( ) danht

? ? ?

? ? ?

Nhng nhng ong tnh t nh , , , , ,, , , th khong b lc bo:

/ ? ( ) ? ( ) ? ( ) / danht

? ? ?

? ? ?

- ?: V cua tao o nh the nao?

- ? ?: Mua cai quan xanhhay la mua cai quan en?

- ? ?: Xe mi mua ay la mautrang hay la mau vang?

4

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110


Trong nhng ong t bat qui tac ket thuc bang th cac ong tnh

t nh , , , , , , ,, khi ket hp vi nguyen am th b lc bo.

:

+

= (khi ket hp vi phu am).: + = = (khi ket hp vinguyen am).

/

( ) ( , ) ( , )

- : oi bung nen khong i c.

- : Anh ta va to ngi valn giong.

- ?: Hom qua sao anh bc mnh the?

-

?

?: Anh viet th hay cha viet?

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Nhng ong tnh t ket thuc bang nh , , ,, , , , , , neu ket

hp vi nguyen am th se b lc bo va them .

:

+

= (khong oi khi ket hp viphu am).

: + = + + = + + =

/ ( ) ( , ) ( , )

- : Quan ao giat a kho roi.

- : Khong hoc nen khong biet.

- : No bung qua khong the an cna.

- : Toc cat ngan roi.

6

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112


Nhng ong t nh , , , , khi ket hp vinguyen am th b lc bo.

: + = (Khi ket hp vi phu am).

: + = ( b lc bo khi ket hp vinguyen am).

/ ( ) ( , ) ( ) ?

?

?

Cac ong tnh t , , , la nhng ong tnh tkhong the lc bo .

/ ( ) ( , ) ( ) ?

?

?

- : Rot nc vao coc ca phe.- : Uong thuoc xong va khoi.

- : Hay gach di.

- ? Noi hai si day lai nhe?

7

LU Y

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......................................... Cac t vng b ong

1- ong t, tnh t ( , ) 2- ong t, tnh t

VII Hnh thc b ongVi cac ong t va tnh t khi chuyen sangthe b ong se dung cong thc them ,, hoac //, -

. Mot soong tnh t khac th lai dung, .


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114

CAC T VNG B ONG [ ]

, , , , , , , , , , , ,

, , , , , ,

, , , , , ,

Chu ong B ong

Ban ao

Ao em ban

oc tieu thuyet

Tieu thuyet c oc

Bat pham nhan

Pham nhan b bat

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